Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” campus de Rio
Claro
PPGEB-Programa Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Biodiversidade
◦ Construction of compensation mechanisms
for environmental services in the sugarcane
belt of the São Paulo state through
participatory methods
Stimulus :Ecosystem services, sugarcane area, implementation mechanisms of the Payment for Ecosystem services
Goals;
Material and Methods;
Preliminary results;
Preliminary considerations
Next steps
Regulating
services
Provising
services
Cultural
services
Supporting
services
Fonte: INPE
Região de Rio Claro
(2007/2008)
Produção
alimentos
Produção canade-açúcar
Agricultural
Production
Units
+ - 90%
+-10%
+-20%
+ - 80%
Crop area
(ha)
Fonte: Lapola et al, 2013
990
Cracking Brazil’s Forest Code, Science
Fonte: Soares Filho et
al, 2014
Fonte: Banks-Leite et al, 2014
identify
valuation
Fund forms
to institutionalize
OPERACIONALIZATION
Operationalization of natural
capital and ecosystem services:
from concepts to real world
applications
Operationalization
of
ecosystem
services:
opportunities
involving
bioenergy production and mandatory
native vegetation areas in interior São
Paulo
Construction of compensation
mechanisms for environmental services
in the sugarcane belt of the São Paulo
state through participatory methods
Social
Economic
Environmental
Synergies
Goals
Geral: To investigate operationalization and compensation mechanisms to Ecosystem
Services through of the stakeholders perception and opinions.
Food producers
Sugarcane producers
Scientist
Decision makers
Specific goals
A) To relate the consensus views on PES
involving the decision makers of the local
political and of the producers (food and
sugarcane).
B-) To analyze ways to minimize or even avoid
negative externalities generated by PES
implementation policy.
C) Identify the possible economic returns for
farmers from the development of these action
plans to PES.
Material e Methods
Study area (Rio Claro e Limeira) sugarcane belt
Data collection:
Semi structure
interviews
Direct observations
Workshops
Reunion with
decision makers
Data analyses: Triangulation methods
Interviews and Workshops
results
Direct observation
Statistical analyses
A-) Relacionar as opiniões consensuais sobre PSA que envolvem os tomadores
de decisão da região e dos produtores de alimentos e cana-de-açúcar
ID
Questão
Você já ouviu falar sobre SA?
Alimentos
Cana
Total
Geral
1
In your perception, Are there Ecosystem Services in your farm? What?
NÃO
15,6%
9,4%
25,0%
2
Is possible to measure it (ES)?
NÃO SABE INFORMAR
3,1%
0,0%
3,1%
3
How could you value the Ecosystem Services provided in your farm?
SIM
43,8%
28,1%
71,9%
4
Do you think that have threats to maintenance and protection of the
Ecosystem Services in the your farm?
Total Geral
62,5%
37,5%
100,0%
5
In your opinion, What could be the financial source to pay farmers that
provide such Ecosystem Services?
6
What are the bigger obstacles, in your opinion, to proceed to environmental
compensation into the region? Can you help overcome them?
40
Alimentos
35
Cana-de-açúcar
Fq dos SA (%)
30
Total
25
20
15
10
5
0
Vegetação
nativa
Água
Floresta
Biodiversidade
plantada
animal
(eucalipto ou
cafezal)
Polinizador
Dispersores de
Controle
semente
biológico de
pragas
Outros*²
Não informou
ID
Questão
1
In your perception, Are there Ecosystem Services in your farm? What?
2
Is possible to measure it (ES)?
3
How could you value the Ecosystem Services provided in your farm?
4
Do you think that have threats to maintenance and protection of the Ecosystem
Services in the your farm?
5
In your opinion, What could be the financial source to pay farmers that provide such
Ecosystem Services?
6
What are the biggest obstacles, in your opinion, to proceed to environmental
compensation into the region? Can you help overcome them?
Restauração
cana
valor=abatimento de imposto
valor entre 200 a
500$/ha/ano/área preservada
valor de existência
Salário mínimo/ área
preservada/mês
alimentos
Não Sabe informar
incentivo fiscal, desconto por
imposto, facilitação de crédito
custo de oportunidade
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
ID
Questão
1
In your perception, Are there Ecosystem Services in your farm? What?
2
Is possible to measure it (ES)?
3
How could you value the Ecosystem Services provided in your farm?
4
Do you think that have threats to maintenance and protection of the Ecosystem Services in the your farm?
5
In your opinion, What could be the financial source to pay farmers that provide such Ecosystem Services?
6
What are the biggest obstacles, in your opinion, to proceed to environmental compensation into the region?
Can you help overcome them?
Ameaças aos Serviços Ambientais nas propriedades por categoria de
produção
alimentos
agrotóxicos advindos da cana
agrotóxicos advindos da cana+caça de animais
agrotóxicos advindos da cana+contaminação da cerâmica
assoreamento dos rios por atividade da usina e contaminação
química das indústrias
fogo
fogo+agrotóxicos advindos da cana
fogo+agrotóxicos advindos da cana
fogo+agrotóxicos dos vizinhos+resíduos da poluição urbana
perda de hábitat animal pela conversão de área p cana
cana
contaminação da cerâmica
fogo
fogo+caça de animais
porco estraga a nascente, as pessoas jogam lixo e utilizam drogas na
ponte da minha propriedade
Total Geral
63,64%
9,09%
4,55%
9,09%
4,55%
18,18%
4,55%
4,55%
4,55%
4,55%
36,36%
4,55%
22,73%
4,55%
4,55%
100,00%
ID
Questão
1
In your perception, Are there Ecosystem Services in your farm? What?
2
Is possible to measure it (ES)?
3
How could you value the Ecosystem Services provided in your farm?
4
Do you think that have threats to maintenance and protection of the Ecosystem
Services in the your farm?
In your opinion, What could be the financial source to pay farmers that provide
such Ecosystem Services?
What are the biggest obstacles, in your opinion, to proceed to environmental
compensation into the region? Can you help overcome them?
5
6
70.00%
alimentos
60.00%
cana
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Alguma forma de
governo (federal e/ou
estadual e/ou
municipal)
concessionária de
energia e água
Indústria poluidora
Sociedade
Preliminary considerations
Área de alto potencial agrícola, reforça a necessidade de incentivo para
conservação;
Produtores reconhecem os SA e seus múltiplos benefícios;
Incentivo monetário é atraente;
Produtores acreditam que recurso deve vir do governo, isso gera
embate de opiniões  por hora é o maior desafio para implementação
de PSA;
Próximos passos
Reunião dos dados do II Workshop afim de dar
continuidade nos objetivos b e c;
Análise estatística multivariada;
Estágio pesquisa no exterior Escócia, baseado nas
entrevistas com produtores locais;