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O Present Perfect é usado para
expressar ações que tiveram seu
início no passado, mas que ainda
não se encerraram; ou quando não
há necessidade de especificar o
tempo, focando unicamente na ação.
Por exemplo:
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1) Quando falamos sobre experiências de vida:
a) I HAVE TRAVELED to many different
places in Brazil..
b) They HAVE NOT VISITED their
grandparents in France.
c) Mary HAS BEEN to Europe twice this year.
d) David HAS never RIDDEN a horse.
e) We HAVE already EATEN Japanese and
Chinese food.
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2) Quando falamos sobre mudanças que
acontecem num período indeterminado
de tempo:
a) They HAVE MADE the tests more
difficult.
b) HAS it CHANGED a lot?
c) HAVE you SEEN “American Sniper”?
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3) Quando falamos sobre conquistas:
a) Men HAS WALKED on the Moon.
b) She HASN’T RECEIVED any awards.
c) Michael and David HAVE WON two
many congratulations.
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4) Quando falamos sobre ações que
perduram:
a) We HAVE WON six of the seven
matches.
b) Where HAVE you WORKED for the
last few years?
c) HAS Karen still WRITTEN for that
famous American Newspaper?
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Estrutura
AUXILIAR HAVE ou HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE
DO VERBO PRINCIPAL
Exemplos: 1) I have worked hard.
2) Godofredo has been to Paraguay many times.
3) They have not studied hard for the tests.
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Exemplos:
Have you seen “50 Shades of Grey”?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. / No, not yet.
1)
2) Has Godofredo finished his homework?
Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. / No, not yet.
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EVER
YET
ALREADY
NEVER
ALWAYS
RECENTLY
LATELY
FOR
SINCE
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Have you EVER seen the rain?
Has Susan EVER ridden a horse?
They haven’t gotten home YET.
Lupita has ALREADY bought her dress for the
prom in the end of the semester.
My parents have worked hard LATELY.
Cornelius has read many books RECENTLY.
I’ve ALWAYS enjoyed wearing fine new clothes.
My cousin Cleo has NEVER been abroad.
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We have JUST met the principal.
We’ve been to the zoo MANY TIMES.
Sylvette has studied at that school SINCE 1st
grade.
Corine has painted her house SINCE last
week.
Michael and his friends have lived here FOR
six years.
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FOR = quantidade de tempo
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SINCE = período de tempo
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Os advérbios associados ao PRESENT
PERFECT não definem um período de tempo.
Como o SIMPLE PAST é usado para expressar
uma ação passada finalizada e ocorrida num
momento específico, usamos outros tipos de
advérbio ou de expressão temporal:
I graduated in 2012;
We had some ice cream yesterday.
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Have you ALREADY done your homework?
Yes, I have ALREADY done it.
Yes, I’ve JUST finished it.
No, I haven’t done it YET.
Have they washed their car YET?
Yes, they’ve JUST washed it.
Yes, they have ALREADY washed it.
No, not YET.
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Os verbos HAVE, KNOW e BE, no sentido de tempo
ou período de tempo, são sempre usados com o
PRESENT PERFECT. Veja:
1) My parents HAVE BEEN married for 40 years.
2) Kelly HAS BEEN here since 7 o’clock.
3) We HAVE KNOWN each other for more than six
years.
4) Mary HAS KNOWN her boyfriend for a couple of
months.
5) I HAVE HAD my car for three years.
6) Daniel HAS HAD his new laptop since last year.
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Estrutura:
Auxiliar HAVE ou HAS + BEEN + gerúndio do
verbo principal
Exemplos:
They’ve been learning English for 15 years.
Godofredo has been cleaning his room since
10 a.m.
I have been reading the book “50 Shades of
Grey” since last weekend.
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HOW LONG have you been living in your
present house, Shaniqua?
Well, I’ve been living there for many years.
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HOW LONG has Brian been painting his
house?
He has been painting it since yesterday.
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What have you been doing since you moved?
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