By Laecio Miranda

Há duas formas de relatar o que alguem
disse: pelo discurso direto (direct speech),
quando repetimos o que foi dito usando as
mesmas palavras da pessoa, e pelo discurso
indireto (indirect speech), quando contamos
com nossas próprias palavras o que foi dito.
Mudança nos tempos verbais
DISCURSO DIRETO
DISCURSO INDIRETO
Simple Present
Simple Past
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
Simple Past
Past Perfect
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Simple Future
Simple Conditional
Simple Conditional
Conditional Perfect
May
Might
Can
Could
Past Continuous
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Could
Could
Might
Might
Should
Should
Ought
Ought
DISCURSO DIRETO
DISCURSO INDIRETO
Andrea said, “I have a test today.”
She said (that) she had a test that
day.
Renato said, “I worked yesterday.”
He said (that) he had a test the day
before
Léo said, “I´ll work on my car
tomorrow.”
He said (that) he would work on
his car the next day.
Léa and Léo said, “We´re working
now.”
They said (that) they were working
then.
Léo said, “I was working an hour
ago.”
He said (that) he had been working
an hour before.
Cindy said, “I´ve been here
before.”
She said (that) she had been there
before.
Lisa said, “I can work with you.”
She said (that) she could work with
me.
Outros exemplos:
 (Direct) Ringo said, “I study hard to pass my exams”.
 (Indirect) Ringo said he studied hard to pass his exams.
 (Direct) Anthony said “I am going downtown now”.
 (Indirect) Anthony said he was going downtown then.
 (Direct) Emilia said “I didn’t buy that dog!”
 (Indirect) Emilia said she hadn’t bought that dog.
 (Direct) I said “I have lived here for ages”.
 (Indirect) I said I had lived there for ages.
 (Direct) The boys said to his friends “we’ll win the match!”
 (Indirect) The boys told his friends that they would win the
match.
 (Direct) I said to my girlfriend “love can tear us apart”.
 (Indirect) I told my girlfriend that love could tear us apart.

Podemos mantr no discurso indireto o mesmo
tempo verbal usado no discurso direto quando o
verbo utilizado para relatar (reporting verbs)
estiver:
- no passado mas a situação ainda existe no
prsente.
- no presente, futuro ou no presente perfeito.
My parents don´t write to me
She said her parents don´t write to her
I come from Paraguay.
He says he comes from Paraguay.

Quando relatamos uma pergunta, colocamos
a frase na forma afirmativa.
Discurso Direto
Discurso Indireto
What time is the meeting?
He asked what time the meeting
was.
Does Carla play the piano?
He asked if Carla played the piano.

Quando relatamos uma ordem ou um pedido,
os verbos mais comuns são tell e order.
Discurso Direto
Discurso Indireto
“Open the door.”
He told me to open the door.
Don´t call later.”
She ordered me not to call later.


Say e tell tem regras diferentes quanto ao uso
do objeto indireto.
Luis told me (that) he was tired. (O objeto
indireto é obrigatório)
Luis said (that) he was tired. (O objeto
indireto é facultativo)
Must, could, should, ought to, might e would
não mudam de forma.
He said, “I could go.”
He said that he could go.
Bye, bye......