Inglês
Fascículo 06
Patrícia Goloni Lolo
Sandra Braid
Índice
Reported (Indirect) Speech
Resumo Teórico ..................................................................................................................................1
Exercícios............................................................................................................................................8
Gabarito.......................................................................................................................................... 11
Reported (Indirect) Speech
Resumo Teórico
Há duas formas de relatar o que alguém disse:
· Discurso direto (direct speech) – He said, “I’m so confused!!”
· Discurso indireto (indirect / reported speech) – He said (that) he was confused.
Compare as duas sentenças:
Direto
He said, “
I
am
so confused!!”
Indireto
He said (that)
he
was
so confused.
Discurso direto
He said, “I’m so confused!!”
• vem entre aspas
• narrador repete exatamente as palavras de quem falou
Discurso indireto
He said that he was confused.
• sem as aspas
• narrador usa as próprias palavras, mas o significado da mensagem
permanece o mesmo
• o tempo verbal muda
• há também mudanças em outros componentes da sentença
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São dois os verbos mais comuns que introduzem o discurso indireto (reporting verbs /
verbos introdutórios), say e tell. Observe como suas estruturas são diferentes:
Sujeito
Verbo
Nome ou
pronome
He
told
the teacher
He
told
her
He
said
(that)
Discurso indireto
the test was very
demanding
(that)
he was feeling
worn out.
he had been under
pressure.
Grammar Note
Se você disser com quem você está falando, use tell. Caso contrário, use say. Se você quiser
mencionar com quem está falando e estiver usando o verbo say, deverá acrescentar to.
ì Julia
ïme
ï
He said to í
ï them
ïî the boss
Conforme explicado acima, ao relatar o que alguém disse, no discurso indireto, há
também mudanças em outros componentes da sentença, tais como o tempo verbal, o advérbio e, às
vezes, o pronome:
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She said,
Discurso direto
Discurso indireto
Simple present
Simple Past
“I live in San Francisco.”
She said (that) she lived in San Francisco.
Simple Past
Past Perfect
“I moved here in September.”
She said (that) she had moved there in September.
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
“I’m living in the dorms.”
She said (that) she was living in the dorms.
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
“I’ve just started school.”
She said (that) she had just started school.
Present Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
“I’ve been feeling homesick.”
She said (that) she had been feeling homesick.
Simple Future
Conditional
“I’ll stay here for about four
weeks.”
She said (that) she would stay there for about four
weeks.
Modals
“I may be able to graduate in
three and a half years.”
She said (that) she might be able to graduate in three
and a half years.
“I have to try and do my best
always.”
She said (that) she had to try and do her best always.
“I must call home as often as I
can.”
She said (that) she had to call home as often as she
could.
“I ought to take some
extra-curricular courses.”
She said (that) she ought to take some extra-curricular
courses.
“I should purchase a second-hand She said (that) she should purchase a second-hand
computer.”
computer.
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Grammar Notes
1. Se o verbo introdutório do que está sendo relatado estiver no presente, não há mudança no tempo
verbal.
The weatherman says, “There will be some scattered showers in the afternoon.”
The weatherman says there will be some scattered showers in the afternoon.
2. Há outras situações em que a mudança no tempo verbal é opcional.
a. Quando relatamos algo que acabou de ser dito:
Cathy: I’m freaking out. Time is flying and I still have tons of things to study for vestibular.
Kevin: What did you say?
Cathy: I said I’m freaking out. Time is flying and I still have tons of things to study for vestibular.
b. Quando relatamos algo que ainda é verdadeiro.
The manager said the paycheck is in the mail.
ou
The manager said the paycheck was in the mail.
c. Quando relatamos uma verdade universal ou lei científica.
Mr. Donalds told his students that water boils at 100o Celsius.
ou
o
Mr. Donalds told his students that water boiled at 100 Celsius.
Outras mudanças: expressões de tempo
Discurso direto
Discurso indireto
now
then
here
there
today
that day, yesterday
tonight
that night
yesterday
the day before
tomorrow
the next / following day
this week / month / year
that week / month / year
last week / month / year
the previous week / month / year
next week / month / year
the following week / month / year
a year ago
the year before
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Pronomes
Discurso direto
Discurso indireto
I
he / she
we
they
me
him / her
my
his / her
this
that
these
those
Reporting Verbs (Verbos Introdutórios)
Existem outros verbos além de say e tell para introduzir o discurso indireto.
1. Alguns seguem a estrutura do verbo say, ou seja, não é necessário mencionar com quem se está
falando. Se você quiser, deverá acrescentar to.
Exemplo: I explained (to John) that it was OK
admit
confess
point out
shout
announce
explain
remark
state
comment
indicate
reply
swear
2. Outros seguem a estrutura do verbo tell, ou seja, menciona-se com quem se está falando
conforme a estrutura demonstrada no exemplo.
Exemplo: He reminded me that I had an appoitment at three.
assure
notify
convince
persuade
inform
remind
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Uso do infinitivo
Quando relatamos uma ordem, instrução, sugestão ou pedido usamos o infinitivo.
Discurso
Direto
Subject
Discurso
Indireto
Reporting
verb
Direct Speech
Subject
“Don’t listen to
music in class.”
“Open your books
to page 17.”
He
said,
He
Reporting
verb
Noun /
Pronoun
Reported Speech
told
not to listen to
the students music in class.
asked
them
to open their
books to page 17.
“Can you please
stop talking?”
“Why don’t you sit
closer to the
board?”
to stop talking.
invited
advised
them
to sit closer to
the board.
Grammar Notes
Se a ordem ou pedido for para não fazer algo, observe que a negativa é feita
colocando-se not antes do infinitivo.
Reporting Questions
Discurso Direto
Yes / No Questions
Subject
Reporting verb
Direct speech
She
asked,
“Has the school bus come yet?”
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Discurso Indireto
Yes / No Questions
Subject
Reporting verb
Noun / Pronoun
If / Whether
Reported speech
She
asked
him
if
Linus
whether
the school bus had
come.
Discurso Direto
WH - Questions
Subject
Reporting verb
Direct speech
He
asked,
“Why don’t you open your eyes and see for
yourself?”
Discurso Indireto
WH - Questions
Subject
Reporting verb Noun / Pronoun
Question word
Reported speech
He
asked
why
she didn’t open
her eyes and see
for herself.
her
Sally
Grammar Notes
1. Podemos notar que quando relatamos perguntas, em geral, o verbo que introduz o reported
speech é ask.
2. Yes / No Question - Quando a pergunta é iniciada com um auxiliar (pergunta cuja resposta será
yes ou no), use if / whether.
3. Watch out !! Relatando perguntas, use a ordem de uma sentença afirmativa., e não ordem de
pergunta!
Direct question: He asked, “Does Lucy take the school bus?”
Indirect question: He asked if Lucy took the school bus. NOT He asked does Lucy take the school
bus.
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Exercícios
01.
Assinale a alternativa que corresponde ao discurso direto da mensagem acima.
a. I say I can’t meet you because I was going to take a plane to Sydney tonight.
b. He said, ” I can’t meet you because I was going to take a plane to Sydney tonight.”
c. “I can’t meet you because I am going to take a plane to Sydney tonight.”
d. I say I can’t meet you because I am going to take a plane to Sydney tonight.
e. “ I couldn’t meet you because I was going to take a plane to Sydney.”
02.
Changing his question to the reported speech, the correct answer would be:
a. His father asked him how did he explain that test score.
b. His father asked him how did he explained that test score.
c. His father asked him how does he explain that test score.
d. His father asked him how he explained that test score.
e. His father asked him how do you explain this test score.
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03. Mayor to reporter: “São Paulo needs better and cheaper public transport.”
Newspaper story: Mayor says that São Paulo ______________________
a. need better and cheaper public transport.
b. needs better and cheaper public transport.
c. needed better and cheaper public transport.
d. had needed better and cheaper public transport.
e. was needing better and cheaper public transport.
04. The doctor advised your friend Phillip, who has been feeling out of breath lately, “Don’t eat fattening
foods.” A few days later, you see him at Mac Donald’s eating french fries and chicken nuggets. What
do you say to him?
a. The doctor told you not to eat fattening foods, isn’t it, Phillip?
b. The doctor told you don’t eat fattening foods, isn’t it, Phillip?
c. The doctor told you eat fattening foods, isn’t it, Phillip?drink
d. The doctor told you to not eat fattening foods, isn’t it, Phillip?
e. The doctor told you not eat fattening foods, isn’t it, Phillip?
05. “Your uncle Harry went to hospital yesterday. Your Aunt Sally is very worried about him.”
The last time my mother wrote to me, she said my uncle Harry ________________ to hospital
________________. My Aunt Sally ________________ very worried about him.
a. had been / the day before / was
b. had gone / yesterday / was
c. had gone / the day before / is
d. went / / was
e. had gone / the day before / was
06. “Is there anything I can do to help you with the arrangements for tomorrow?”
Sally wanted to know if there was something she could do to help you with the arrangements for
1
2
3
4
tomorrow.
5
There is/are mistake(s) in numbers:
a. 5
b. 2, 4, 5
c. 2, 5
d. 2, 4 ,5
e. 1, 3
07. Some of Hollywood’s brightest stars aren’t happy with their lives of fame and fortune. Gwyneth
Paltrow has been quoted, “I’m sick to death of it. I’m sick of this Gwyneth Paltrow person that I see
everywhere and I hate her and wish she would go away. But there’s nothing I can do about it.”
Gwyneth Paltrow __________________she __________________sick of __________________ Gwyneth
Paltrow person that she __________________ everywhere and she __________________ her and
__________________ she would go away.
a. confessed the reporter / was / this / saw / hated / wished
b. confessed him / is / this / sees / hates / wishes
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c. confessed to the reporter / was / that / saw / hated / wished
d. advised that / am / this / see / hate / wish
e. announced / had been / that / have seen / hate / wish
08. You share an apartment with a friend and she is traveling at the moment. She said she would call you
everyday to check with you if there were any messages left for her on the answering machine. When
she calls, how would you report to her the following message that you had transcribed?
“This is Eric Martin from K-Mart. We can deliver the desk you ordered on Monday, October 23. Please
call if this is inconvenient.”
a. Eric Martin from K-Mart called you yesterday. He said they can deliver the desk you ordered on
Monday, October 23. He asks you to please call if this is inconvenient.
b. Eric Martin from K-Mart called you yesterday. He said they could deliver the desk you had ordered
on Monday, October 23. He asked you to please call if that was inconvenient.
c. Eric Martin from K-Mart called you yesterday. He said they could deliver the desk you ordered on
Monday, October 23. He has asked you to please call if this was inconvenient.
d. Eric Martin from K-Mart called you yesterday. He told me we can deliver the desk you ordered on
Monday, October 23. Please call if this is inconvenient.
e. Eric Martin from K-Mart called you yesterday. He said they could have delivered the desk you
ordered on Monday, October 23. He asked you not to call if that was convenient.
09. My father often told me that every obstacle was a steppingstone to success. I should view problems in
my life as opportunities to prove myself.
My father’s words to me were
a. “Every obstacle can be a steppingstone to success. We should view problems in our lives as
opportunities to prove ourselves.”
b. “Every obstacle will be a steppingstone to success. You shall view problems in your life as
opportunities to prove yourself.”
c. “Every obstacle is a steppingstone to success. I should view problems in my life as opportunities to
prove myself.”
d. “Every obstacle was a steppingstone to success. You should view problems in your life as
opportunities to prove yourselves.”
e. “Every obstacle is a steppingstone to success. You should view problems in your life as opportunities
to prove yourself.”
10. Of the large e-publishers, the most famous are www.fatbrain.com and Richard Tam’s .
www.iUniverse.com. On an interview, Richard said that the web was the best place for writers who
had been or wanted to be published.
If we were to quote Richard’s exact words, we would have
a. “The web is best place for writers who had been or want to be published.”
b. “The web’s best place for writers who have been or want to be published.”
c. “The web’s best place for writers who have been or wanted to be published.”
d. “The web’s best place for writers who had been or wanted to be published.”
e. “The web is best place for writers who have been or want to publish.”
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Gabarito
01. Alternativa c.
As regras são as mesmas quando mudamos uma sentença do discurso indireto para
direto. Nessa sentença, temos que fazer a mudança verbal (could Þ can; was Þ is; ), a mudança de
pronome (he Þ I) e de advérbio (that night Þ tonight).
02. Alternativa d.
As respostas a, b, c e e não são possíveis pois contêm o verbo auxiliar (do, did e does) e
seguem a ordem estrutural de pergunta e não de sentença afirmativa.
03. Alternativa b.
Essa é a única possibilidade porque quando o verbo introdutório está no presente (says)
não há mudança verbal.
04. Alternativa a.
O uso do infinitivo na negativa deve ser feito com a palavra not antes da forma infinitiva
(not to eat).
05. Alternativa e.
Quando o verbo no discurso direto estiver no simple past , no discurso indireto ele
passará para o past perfect (went Þ had gone); e verbos no simple present vão para o simple past ( is
Þ was). O advérbio de tempo (yesterday) também sofre mudança (the day before / the previous day)
06. Alternativa b.
A sentença correta seria: Sally wanted to know if there was anything she could do to help us with
the arrangements for the next day.
07. Alternativa c.
Além das mudanças de tempo verbal e pronome, devemos notar que o verbo introdutório confess
segue a mesma regra do verbo say: e se você quiser mencionar com quem está falando e estiver
usando o verbo say ou confess, deverá acrescentar to.
08. Alternativa b.
Lembre-se das mudanças que devem ocorrer quando passamos uma sentença do
discurso direto para o indireto:
Simple present
Simple past
Imperativo
simple past
past perfect
infinitivo
can
ordered
call
this
could
had ordered
to call
that
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09. Alternativa e.
As regras são as mesmas quando mudamos uma sentença do discurso indireto para
direto. Nessa sentença, além da mudança verbal (was Þ is), já que should são deve ser mudado,
devemos fazer as mudanças de pronomes (I Þ you, my Þ your, myself Þ yourself).
10. Alternativa b.
Como dissemos na questão anterior, as regras são as mesmas quando mudamos uma
sentença do discurso indireto para direto. Nessa sentença, as seguintes mudanças de tempo verbal
devem ser efetuadas:
was Þ is
had been Þ have been
wanted Þ want
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