3HUVSHFWLYDV)XWXUDVGR(QIHUPHLURQD&RPXQLGDGH
&OiXGLD&DPSRV
5HVXPR
2 REMHFWLYR GR DUWLJR p UHIOHFWLU DFHUFD GD
PXGDQoD GH SDUDGLJPD ´GR +RVSLWDO SDUD D
&RPXQLGDGHµ H HQFRQWUDU HVWUDWpJLDV GH LQ
WHUYHQomRSDUDDSURPRomRGDVD~GHPHQWDOH
SUHYHQomRGDGRHQoDPHQWDODVVLPFRPRQD
VXDGHWHFomRSUHFRFH
2 HQIHUPHLUR SVLTXLiWULFR QD FRPXQLGDGH
WHP XP SDSHO UHOHYDQWH QHVWD iUHD GH DF
WXDomR H GHYH GHVHQYROYHU FRPSHWrQFLDV QR
VHQWLGRGHIDYRUHFHUDUHDELOLWDomRELRSVLFR
VRFLDOGDSHVVRDQRVHXDPELHQWH
6HUi DERUGDGR R SDSHO GD IDPtOLD HQTXDQWR
DJHQWH GH PXGDQoD QR FRPEDWH DR HVWLJPD
HjGLVFULPLQDomRDLPSRUWkQFLDQDDUWLFXOD
omRFRPRVFXLGDGRVGHVD~GHSULPiULRVHDV
WpFQLFDVXWLOL]DGDVQRDSRLRSVLFRWHUDSrXWLFR
HVVHQFLDLVQDFRQVWUXomRGDUHODomR)DUVHi
UHIHUrQFLD WDPEpP D SURFHGLPHQWRV H LQWHU
YHQo}HV XWLOL]DGDV QRXWURV SDtVHV HXURSHXV
QRPHDGDPHQWH QD *Um%UHWDQKD H &DQDGi
HPTXHDGHVLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DomRGRVGRHQWHV
FRPSUREOHPDVPHQWDLVpXPDUHDOLGDGHFRP
YiULRVDQRVGHHYROXomR
3DODYUDV&KDYH
'HVLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DomR
5HDELOLWDomR SVLFRVVRFLDO 3VLTXLDWULD FRPX
QLWiULD(QIHUPHLUR
)XWXUH3UHVSHFWLYHVRIWKH1XUVHLQWKH
&XPXQLW\
$EVWUDFW
7KH REMHFWLYH RI WKLV SDSHU LV WR UHIOHFW
DERXW WKH FKDQJH RI SDUDGLJP ´IURP WKH
+RVSLWDO WR WKH &RPPXQLW\µ DQG WR ILQG
VWUDWHJLHV RI LQWHUYHQWLRQ LQ WKH SURPRWLRQ
RI PHQWDO KHDOWK DQG WKH SUHYHQWLRQ RI
PHQWDO GLVRUGHUV DV ZHOO DV LQ WKHLU HDUO\
GHWHQWLRQ 7KH SV\FKLDWULF QXUVH LQ WKH
FRPPXQLW\KDVDQH[FHOOHQWUROHLQWKLVDUHD
RILQWHUYHQWLRQDQGPXVWGHYHORSVNLOOVWKDW
ZLOOKHOSELRSV\FKRVRFLDOUHKDELOLWDWLRQRI
WKHLQGLYLGXDOLQKLVKHUHQYLURQPHQW7KH
UROHRIWKHIDPLO\ZKLOHDJHQWRIFKDQJHLQ
WKH ILJKW WKH VWLJPD DQG GLVFULPLQDWLRQ
WKH LPSRUWDQFH LQ WKH MRLQW LQWHUYHQWLRQ
ZLWKWKHSULPDU\KHDOWKFDUHSURIHVVLRQDOV
DQG WKH WHFKQLTXHV XVHG LQ SV\FKLDWULF
VXSSRUW HVVHQWLDO LQ WKH EXLOGLQJ RI D
UHODWLRQVKLS ZLOO EH DSSURDFKHG 7KH
SURFHGXUHV DQG LQWHUYHQWLRQV XVHG LQ
RWKHU (XURSHDQ FRXQWULHV SDUWLFXODUO\
LQ *UHDW%ULWDLQ DQG &DQDGD ZKHUH WKH
GHLQVWLWXWLRQDOL]DWLRQRISHRSOHZLWKPHQWDO
KHDOWKSUREOHPVLVDUHDOLW\ZLWKVRPH\HDUV
RIHYROXWLRQZLOODOVREHUHYLHZHG
.H\:RUGV'HLQVWLWXWLRQDOL]DWLRQ3V\FKR
VRFLDO 5HKDELOLWDWLRQ &RPPXQLWDULDQ
3V\FKLDWU\1XUVH
1DVHJXQGDPHWDGHGR6pFXOR;;KRXYHXPD
PXGDQoD QR SDUDGLJPD GRV FXLGDGRV HP
VD~GHPHQWDOGHYLGRHPJUDQGHSDUWHDWUrV
IDFWRUHVLQGHSHQGHQWHV
$3VLFRIDUPDFRORJLDIH]SURJUHVVRVVLJQLIL
FDWLYRVFRPDGHVFREHUWDGHQRYDVFODVVHVGH
GURJDVQHXUROpSWLFRVHDQWLGHSUHVVLYRVQRYDV
PRGDOLGDGHVGHLQWHUYHQomRSVLFRVVRFLDO
‡5HYLVWDGR6HUYLoRGH3VLTXLDWULDGR+RVSLWDO)HUQDQGR)RQVHFD
(QIHUPHLUD(VSHFLDOLVWDHP6D~GH0HQWDOH3VLTXLDWULD6HUYLoRGH3VLTXLDWULDGR+RVSLWDO)HUQDQGR)RQVHFD
&RPXQLFDomRDSUHVHQWDGDQDVV-RUQDGDVGH(QIHUPDJHPGH6D~GH0HQWDOHSVLTXLDWULD
GD&DVDGH6D~GHGR7HOKDODHGH0DLR
3HUVSHFWLYDV)XWXUDVGR(QIHUPHLURQD&RPXQLGDGH
2PRYLPHQWRDIDYRUGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRV
FRQYHUWHXVH QXP IHQyPHQR XQLYHUVDO VRE D
pJLGHGD218
&RPSRQHQWHVVRFLDLVHPHQWDLVIRUDPLQFRU
SRUDGRVFRPILUPH]DQDGHILQLomRGHVD~GHGD
206
&8,'$'261$&2081,'$'(
2V FXLGDGRV QD FRPXQLGDGH HVWmR HPSH
QKDGRV QD HPDQFLSDomR GH SHVVRDV FRP
SHUWXUEDo}HV PHQWDLV H FRPSRUWDPHQWDLV 1D
SUiWLFDRVFXLGDGRVFRPXQLWiULRVLPSOLFDPR
GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH XPD DPSOD YDULHGDGH GH
VHUYLoRV HP FRQWH[WRV ORFDLV (VVH SURFHVVR
WHPHPYLVWDJDUDQWLUTXHFHUWDVIXQo}HVSUR
WHFWRUDVGDVLQVWLWXLo}HVVHMDPSURSRUFLRQDGDV
LQWHJUDOPHQWH QD FRPXQLGDGH H TXH RV VHXV
DVSHFWRVQHJDWLYRVQmRVHMDPSHUSHWXDGRV2V
FXLGDGRV QD FRPXQLGDGH HQTXDQWR DERUGD
JHPVLJQLILFDP
6HUYLoRV TXH HVWmR SUy[LPRV GR GRPLFtOLR
LQFOXLQGR R KRVSLWDO JHUDO SDUD DGPLVVmR GH
FDVRVDJXGRV
,QWHUYHQo}HVUHODFLRQDGDVWDQWRFRPDVLQ
FDSDFLGDGHVFRPRFRPRVVLQWRPDV
7UDWDPHQWR H FXLGDGRV HVSHFtILFRV SDUD R
GLDJQyVWLFR H DV QHFHVVLGDGHV GH FDGD SHVVRD
VHJXLPHQWRWHUDSrXWLFRHQWUHYLVWDVGHDMXGD
YLVLWDVGRPLFLOLiULDV«
6HUYLoRVTXHVmRFRRUGHQDGRVHQWUHSURILV
VLRQDLV GH VD~GH PHQWDO H RUJDQLVPRV GD FR
PXQLGDGH ,366 &kPDUDV 0XQLFLSDLV -XQWDV
GH)UHJXHVLD«
3DUFHULDFRPRVSUHVWDGRUHVGHFXLGDGRVH
DWHQGLPHQWRGDVVXDVQHFHVVLGDGHV
/HJLVODomRHPDSRLRGRVDVSHFWRVGRVFXLGD
GRVPHQFLRQDGRV
08'$1d$ '( 3$5$',*0$ '2 +263,7$/
3$5$$&2081,'$'(
5HIOHFWLQGR D PXGDQoD GH SDUDGLJPD GR KRV
SLWDO SDUD D FRPXQLGDGH IRUDP LQWURGX]LGDV
PXGDQoDV GH ORQJR DOFDQFH QDV SROtWLFDV GH
YiULRV SDtVHV 3RU H[HPSOR HP ,WiOLD IRL LQ
WURGX]LGD XPD OHL TXH HQXQFLDYD R
HQFHUUDPHQWRGHWRGRVRVKRVSLWDLVSDUDGRHQ
WHVPHQWDLVQmRVHDGPLWLULDPQRYRVGRHQWHV
QRVJUDQGHVKRVSLWDLVHVWDWDLVHQmRGHYHULDP
RFRUUHU UHDGPLVV}HV DVVLP FRPR QmR VH
FRQVWUXLULDPQRYRVKRVSLWDLVSVLTXLiWULFRV$V
HQIHUPDULDV SVLTXLiWULFDV GRV KRVSLWDLV JHUDLV
QmRGHYHULDPH[FHGHUDVFDPDVHGHYHULDP
ILOLDUVHREULJDWRULDPHQWHDFHQWURVFRPXQLWi
ULRVGHVD~GHPHQWDO
2VVHUYLoRVEDVHDGRVQDFRPXQLGDGHFRPSHV
VRDOGHVD~GHPHQWDOVmRUHVSRQViYHLVSRUGH
WHUPLQDGDiUHDGHFDSWDomR(PPXLWRVSDtVHV
HXURSHXVRPRGHORGRPLQDQWHQDRUJDQL]DomR
GRV FXLGDGRV SVLTXLiWULFRV JHUDLV WHP VLGR D
FULDomR GH iUHDV JHRJUDILFDPHQWH GHILQLGDV
GHQRPLQDGDV VHFWRUHV (VVH FRQFHLWR IRL GH
VHQYROYLGRHP)UDQoDHPPHDGRVGRVpF;;H
DSDUWLUGDGpFDGDGHRSULQFtSLRGDRUJD
QL]DomREDVHDGDHPVHFWRUHVSURSDJRXVHSRU
TXDVHWRGRVRVSDtVHVGD(XURSD2FLGHQWDO
(PVXUJHDUHHVWUXWXUDomRGRVFXLGDGRV
5HYLVWDGR6HUYLoRGH3VLTXLDWULDGR+RVSLWDO)HUQDQGR)RQVHFD‡
&OiXGLD&DPSRV
SVLTXLiWULFRVQD$PpULFD/DWLQDFRPD'HFOD
UDomRGH&DUDFDV(VWDSHGHRGHVHQYROYLPHQ
WR GRV FXLGDGRV SVLTXLiWULFRV HVWUHLWDPHQWH
YLQFXODGRVDRVFXLGDGRVSULPiULRVGHVD~GHH
QRFRQWH[WRGRVVLVWHPDVGHVD~GHORFDLV
35,1&Ì3,26'26&8,'$'26
$LGHLDGHFXLGDGRVHPVD~GHPHQWDOEDVHDGD
QD FRPXQLGDGH FRQVWLWXL PDLV XPD DERUGD
JHPJOREDOGRTXHXPDVROXomRRUJDQL]DFLR
QDO(VWHVGHYHPYLVDUDHPDQFLSDomRHXVDU
WpFQLFDVGHWUDWDPHQWRHILFLHQWHVTXHSHUPL
WDP jV SHVVRDV FRP SHUWXUEDo}HV PHQWDLV
DXPHQWDUDVVXDVDSWLG}HVGHDXWRFXLGDGRV
LQFRUSRUDQGR R DPELHQWH VRFLDO LQIRUPDO
GD IDPtOLD EHP FRPR PHFDQLVPRV GH DSRLR
IRUPDLV2VFXLGDGRVQDFRPXQLGDGHSRGHP
LGHQWLILFDUUHFXUVRVHDOLDQoDVVDXGiYHLVTXH
QRXWUDV FLUFXQVWkQFLDV ILFDULDP RFXOWDV H
LQDFWLYDV2VERQVFXLGDGRVIO~HPDSDUWLUGH
SULQFtSLRVRULHQWDGRUHVEiVLFRVWDLVFRPR
'LDJQyVWLFR
,QWHUYHQomRSUHFRFH
3DUWLFLSDomRGRXWHQWH
3DUFHULDFRPDIDPtOLD
(QYROYLPHQWRGDFRPXQLGDGHORFDOH
,QWHJUDomRQRVFXLGDGRVSULPiULRVGHVD~GH
9RXHPVHJXLGDUHIHULUPHDFDGDXPGHOHV
p'LDJQyVWLFRH,QWHUYHQomR
$ LQWHUYHQomR SUHFRFH p IXQGDPHQWDO QR
EORTXHLR GR SURJUHVVR UXPR D XPD GRHQoD
SOHQDPHQWH LQVWDODGD QR FRQWUROR GRV VLQ
WRPDVHQDPHOKRULDGRVUHVXOWDGRV4XDQWR
‡5HYLVWDGR6HUYLoRGH3VLTXLDWULDGR+RVSLWDO)HUQDQGR)RQVHFD
PDLV GHSUHVVD IRU LQVWLWXtGD XPD VHTXrQFLD
GH WUDWDPHQWR PHOKRU VHUi R SURJQyVWLFR $
LPSRUWkQFLD GD LQWHUYHQomR SUHFRFH p SRVWD
HPHYLGrQFLDQHVWHH[HPSOR
1D HVTXL]RIUHQLD D GXUDomR GD SVLFRVH QmR
WUDWDGD WHP YLQGR D WHU D VXD LPSRUWkQFLD
FRQILUPDGD DV GHPRUDV QR WUDWDPHQWR WrP
SUREDELOLGDGH GH DFDUUHWDU SLRUHV UHVXOWDGRV
0F*RQ\7KDUDHFRO
p&RQWLQXLGDGHGH&XLGDGRV
$V QHFHVVLGDGHV GRV GRHQWHV H VXDV IDPtOLDV
VmR FRPSOH[DV H PXWiYHLV H D FRQWLQXLGDGH
GRV FXLGDGRV p LPSRUWDQWH ,VVR UHTXHU PX
GDQoDV QD IRUPD FRPR RV FXLGDGRV VmR RU
JDQL]DGRVDFWXDOPHQWH$OJXPDVGDVPHGLGDV
SDUD DVVHJXUDU D FRQWLQXLGDGH GH FXLGDGRV
FRPSUHHQGHP
(VWUXWXUDV SDUD JUXSRV GH GRHQWHV FRP RV
PHVPRVGLDJQyVWLFRVSUREOHPDV
'HVHQYROYLPHQWRGHFRPSHWrQFLDVQRVSUHV
WDGRUHVGHFXLGDGRV
3UHVWDomRGHFXLGDGRVDRVGRHQWHVHjVVXDV
IDPtOLDVSHODPHVPDHTXLSDGHWUDWDPHQWR
(GXFDomR HP JUXSR GH GRHQWHV H VXDV ID
PtOLDV
'HVFHQWUDOL]DomRGRVVHUYLoRV
,QWHJUDomR GRV FXLGDGRV QRV FXLGDGRV GH
VD~GHSULPiULRV
p3DUFHULDVFRP'RHQWHVH)DPtOLDV
2 SDSHO SRVLWLYR GDV IDPtOLDV QRV SURJUDPDV
GH FXLGDGRV HP VD~GH PHQWDO IRL UHFRQKH
FLGR Ki UHODWLYDPHQWH SRXFR WHPSR $ YLVmR
3HUVSHFWLYDV)XWXUDVGR(QIHUPHLURQD&RPXQLGDGH
DQWHULRUGDIDPtOLDFRPRIDFWRUFDXVDOQmRp
YiOLGD2SDSHOGDVIDPtOLDVHVWHQGHVHDJRUD
SDUDDOpPGRVFXLGDGRVGRGLDDGLDFKHJDQ
GR j DFomR RUJDQL]DGD D IDYRU GRV GRHQWHV
PHQWDLV(VVDDFomRWHYHXPSDSHOSUHGRPL
QDQWHQDPXGDQoDGDOHJLVODomRVREUHVD~GH
PHQWDO QDOJXQV SDtVHV EHP FRPR QRXWURV
QD PHOKRULD GRV VHUYLoRV H QR GHVHQYROYL
PHQWRGHUHGHVGHDSRLR
PDomR SURILVVLRQDO GRV GRHQWHV TXH QR 0L
QLVWpULR GD 6D~GH GD 3URYtQFLD GD &ROXPELD
%ULWkQLFD&DQDGiXPDSHVVRDFRPSHUWXU
EDomRPHQWDOIRLUHFHQWHPHQWHQRPHDGDSDUD
RFDUJRGH'LUHFWRUGHFXLGDGRVDOWHUQDWLYRV
FRORFDQGRVHDVVLPQXPDSRVLomRIRUWHSDUD
LQIOXHQFLDU D SROtWLFD H RV VHUYLoRV GH VD~GH
PHQWDO
2 WUDEDOKR FRP DV IDPtOLDV SDUD UHGX]LU DV
UHFDtGDVIRLVHPSUHFRQVLGHUDGRXPFRPSOH
PHQWR GD PHGLFDomR GH PDQXWHQomR H QmR
D VXD VXEVWLWXWD 'H IDFWR Mi VH GHPRQVWURX
TXHDWHUDSLDIDPLOLDUTXDQGRDFUHVFHQWDGDj
PHGLFDomRDQWLSVLFyWLFDpPDLVHILFD]GRTXH
DPHGLFDomRSXUDHVLPSOHVQDSUHYHQomRGDV
UHFLGLYDV QD HVTXL]RIUHQLD 3KDUDRK H FRO
$ IRUPDomR GH UHGHV IDPLOLDUHV FULRX SDUFH
ULDV HQWUH SUHVWDGRUHV GH FXLGDGRV H SURILV
VLRQDLV $OpP GH SURSRUFLRQDU DSRLR P~WXR
PXLWDVUHGHVFRQYHUWHUDPVHHPGHIHQVRUDV
HGXFDQGRRS~EOLFRHPJHUDODXPHQWDQGRR
DSRLRSRUSDUWHGRVIRUPXODGRUHVGHSROtWLFDV
FRPEDWHQGRRHVWLJPDHDGLVFULPLQDomR
$OJXQVH[HPSORVGHUHGHVGHDSRLRVmR
$OFRyOLFRV$QyQLPRV
*UXSRVGHDXWRDMXGD
)RUPDomRSURILVVLRQDO
)RUPDomRGHUHGHVIDPLOLDUHVRXRUJDQL]D
o}HVGHDSRLRIDPLOLDU²´SDVVDJHPGRVFXL
GDGRVSDVVLYRVDRVFXLGDGRVDFWLYRVµLQIR#
ZRUOGVTXL]RSKUHQLDRUJ
e DLQGD GH VDOLHQWDU UHODWLYDPHQWH j IRU
p(QYROYLPHQWRGD&RPXQLGDGH/RFDO
$V FUHQoDV DWLWXGHV H UHVSRVWDV VRFLDLV GHIL
QHPPXLWRVDVSHFWRVGRVFXLGDGRVGHVD~GH
PHQWDO 2V SRUWDGRUHV GH GRHQoDV PHQWDLV
VmR PHPEURV GD VRFLHGDGH H R DPELHQWH
VRFLDOFRQWULEXLSDUDDUHFXSHUDomRHDUHLQ
WHJUDomR4XDQGRpQHJDWLYRSRGHUHIRUoDUR
HVWLJPDHDGLVFULPLQDomR(QWUHRVHVIRUoRV
SDUD DXPHQWDU R HQYROYLPHQWR GDV FRPXQL
GDGHV ORFDLV FRQWDPVH D GLVVHPLQDomR GH
LQIRUPDo}HV FRUUHFWDV VREUH SHUWXUEDo}HV
PHQWDLVHRXVRGHUHFXUVRVGDFRPXQLGDGH
SDUD LQLFLDWLYDV HVSHFtILFDV 2 FDPLQKR PDLV
LPSRUWDQWHSDUDWUD]HUPXGDQoDVjFRPXQL
GDGHpRXVRGRVYHtFXORVGHFRPXQLFDomRGH
PDVVDVHPFDPSDQKDVHGXFDWLYDVRULHQWDGDV
SDUDRS~EOLFRHPJHUDO3RUH[HPSORR'LD
0XQGLDOGD6D~GH²´FXLGDUVLPH[FOXLU
QmRµ $ $VVRFLDomR 0XQGLDO GH 3VLTXLDWULD
ODQoRX HP GLYHUVRV SDtVHV XP SURJUDPD GH
FRPEDWHDRHVWLJPDHjGLVFULPLQDomRFRQWUD
RVTXHVRIUHPGHHVTXL]RIUHQLDXWLOL]DQGRRV
PHGLDDVHVFRODVHRVPHPEURVGDVIDPtOLDV
FRPRDJHQWHVGHPXGDQoD
8P GRV PHOKRUHV H[HPSORV GH FRPR DV
5HYLVWDGR6HUYLoRGH3VLTXLDWULDGR+RVSLWDO)HUQDQGR)RQVHFD‡
&OiXGLD&DPSRV
FRPXQLGDGHV VH SRGHP WUDQVIRUPDU HP
SUHVWDGRUDV GH FXLGDGRV p HQFRQWUDGR QD
SHTXHQDFLGDGHEHOJDGH*KHOOVHGHGRTXH
p VHP G~YLGD R SURJUDPD FRPXQLWiULR
GH VD~GH PHQWDO PDLV DQWLJR QR PXQGR
RFLGHQWDO 'HVGH R VpFXOR ;,,, PDV FRP
RULJHQV WDOYH] DLQGD QR VpFXOR 9,,, DV
SHVVRDV FRP GRHQoDV PHQWDLV JUDYHV VmR
DFROKLGDV GH EUDoRV DEHUWRV SHOD ,JUHMD GH
6DQWD'\PSKDRXSRUIDPtOLDVDGRSWLYDVGD
FLGDGHFRPDVTXDLVYLYHPIUHTXHQWHPHQWH
SRUPXLWDVGpFDGDV+RMHWDLVIDPtOLDVHP
*KHHOFXLGDPGHFHUFDGHGRHQWHVPH
WDGH GRV TXDLV WrP HPSUHJRV HP RILFLQDV
SURWHJLGDV
p ,QWHJUDomR QRV &XLGDGRV GH 6D~GH
3ULPiULRV
2XWUR SULQFtSLR LPSRUWDQWH TXH GHVHPSH
QKD XP SDSHO FUXFLDO QD RUJDQL]DomR GRV
FXLGDGRV HP VD~GH PHQWDO p D LQWHJUDomR
QRVFXLGDGRVSULPiULRVGHVD~GHFRPDGH
FODUDomRGH$OPD$WD$SUHSDUDomRGRSHV
VRDOGRVFXLGDGRVGHVD~GHSULPiULRVHGRV
FXLGDGRV GH VD~GH HP JHUDO SDUD GHWHFWDU
H WUDWDU SHUWXUEDo}HV PHQWDLV H FRPSRUWD
PHQWDLVFRPXQVpXPDLPSRUWDQWHPHGLGD
GHVD~GHS~EOLFD(VWDSUHSDUDomRSRGHVHU
IDFLOLWDGD SHOD OLJDomR FRP RV WpFQLFRV GH
VD~GHPHQWDOQDFRPXQLGDGH
$ DUWLFXODomR HQWUH RV FXLGDGRUHV GRV FXL
GDGRVSULPiULRVHRVGHVD~GHPHQWDOSRGH
UHGX]LU D LQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DomR H PHOKRUDU D
VD~GHPHQWDOGRVXWHQWHV
‡5HYLVWDGR6HUYLoRGH3VLTXLDWULDGR+RVSLWDO)HUQDQGR)RQVHFD
,1*5(',(17(6'26&8,'$'26
2FRQWURORGDVSHUWXUEDo}HVPHQWDLVHFRP
SRUWDPHQWDLV SHGH XPD FRPELQDomR HTXLOL
EUDGDGHWUrVLQJUHGLHQWHVIXQGDPHQWDLV
0HGLFDomR)DUPDFRWHUDSLD
3VLFRWHUDSLDH
5HDELOLWDomRSVLFRVVRFLDO
2WUDWDPHQWRGHYHVHUGLPHQVLRQDGRVHJXQGR
DV QHFHVVLGDGHV GR LQGLYtGXR (VWDV PXGDP
FRPDHYROXomRGDGRHQoDHFRPDPXGDQoD
GDVFRQGLo}HVGHYLGDGRGRHQWH)LJ,
)LJXUD,1HFHVVLGDGHVGDVSHVVRDVFRPSHUWXUEDo}HV
PHQWDLVUHODWyULRPXQGLDOGDVD~GH
p3VLFRWHUDSLD
$ SVLFRWHUDSLD UHIHUHVH D LQWHUYHQo}HV SOD
QHDGDV H HVWUXWXUDGDV YLVDQGR LQIOXHQFLDU
R FRPSRUWDPHQWR R KXPRU H RV SDGU}HV
HPRFLRQDLV GH UHDFomR IDFH D GLIHUHQWHV HV
WtPXORV FRP XVR GH WpFQLFDV YHUEDLV H QmR
YHUEDLV 1mR ID] SDUWH GD SVLFRWHUDSLD R XVR
3HUVSHFWLYDV)XWXUDVGR(QIHUPHLURQD&RPXQLGDGH
GH TXDOTXHU PHLR ELRTXtPLFR RX ELROyJLFR
9iULDVWpFQLFDVHDERUGDJHQVGHULYDGDVGHGL
IHUHQWHVIXQGDPHQWRVWHyULFRVWrPPRVWUDGR
DVXDHILFiFLDHPUHODomRDGLYHUVDVSHUWXUED
o}HVPHQWDLVHFRPSRUWDPHQWDLV&RQWDPVH
HQWUHHODVDWHUDSLDFRJQLWLYRFRPSRUWDPHQ
WDODWHUDSLDLQWHUSHVVRDODVWpFQLFDVGHUHOD
[DPHQWRHDVWHUDSLDVGHDSRLR
5HFHQWHPHQWH YLHUDP j WRQD LQGtFLRV DQL
PDGRUHV HP UHODomR DR FXVWRHILFiFLD GDV
DERUGDJHQV SVLFRWHUDSrXWLFDV QR WUDWDPHQWR
GHSVLFRVHVHGHWRGDXPDVpULHGHSHUWXUED
o}HVGRKXPRUUHODFLRQDGDVFRPRVWUHVVHP
FRPELQDomR FRP D IDUPDFRWHUDSLD RX FRPR
DOWHUQDWLYD D HOD 8PD FRQVWDWDomR TXH VHP
SUHDSDUHFHQDVSHVTXLVDVpDGHTXHDVLQWHU
YHQo}HVSVLFROyJLFDVOHYDPDXPDXPHQWRGH
VDWLVIDomRGDFRQFRUGkQFLDFRPRWUDWDPHQWR
RTXHSRGHFRQWULEXLUVLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWHSDUD
UHGX]LU DV WD[DV GH UHFRUUrQFLD H OLPLWDU DV
KRVSLWDOL]Do}HV
'DYLG*ROGEHUJIRLXPDILJXUDPXLWRLQIOXHQ
WHQDH[SDQVmRGDHQIHUPDJHPEULWkQLFDHP
VD~GHPHQWDO$SRLRXLQLFLDWLYDVGHIRUPDomR
GHVWLQDGDVDRVHQIHUPHLURVSVLTXLiWULFRVFR
PXQLWiULRVHSUHVWRXXPDX[tOLRLQHVWLPiYHO
jGLVVHPLQDomRGHVVDIRUPDomRDFWXDOPHQWH
FRQKHFLGD FRPR ´WKRUQ SURJUDPPHµ DWUD
YpVGHWRGRR5HLQR8QLGRHDJRUDWDPEpP
LQWHUQDFLRQDOPHQWH/HYRXjFULDomRGHXPD
FiWHGUD GH HQIHUPDJHP GH SVLTXLDWULD HP
2 VHX DSRLR SHUPDQHQWH IH] FRP TXH
D VHFomR GR ,QVWLWXWR GH 3VLTXLDWULD SRVVXD
DFWXDOPHQWHRPDLVYDVWRSRUWIROLRGD(XURSD
VREUHLQYHVWLJDomRHPHQIHUPDJHPQRkPEL
WRGDVD~GHPHQWDO$VHFomRGHHQIHUPDJHP
GHVHQYROYH KRMH HP GLD GLYHUVDV LQRYDo}HV
HP WHUPRV GH IRUPDomR SDUD HQIHUPHLURV
LQFOXLQGRDiUHDPpGLFROHJDOQHXURSVLTXLD
WULDWHUDSLDFRJQLWLYRFRPSRUWDPHQWDO
$OJXQV H[HPSORV GH LQWHUYHQo}HV HVSHFtILFDV
QHVWDiUHDVmR
,QWHUYHQo}HVIDPLOLDUHVQDHVTXL]RIUHQLD
0pWRGRVFRJQLWLYRFRPSRUWDPHQWDLV
*HVWmRGDPHGLFDomR
$VSHFWRV GDV IXQo}HV GR JHVWRU GH FDVRV
FOtQLFRV
$ERUGDJHQVFRPEDVHQDLQYHVWLJDomRMXQWR
GDVIDPtOLDV
(P ,VDDF 0DUNV FULRX XP SURJUDPD
H[SHULPHQWDO FRP D GXUDomR GH DQRV QR
0DXGVOH\ +RVSLWDO 7HVWRXVH D KLSyWHVH GH
TXH RV HQIHUPHLURV SRGHULDP UHFHEHU IRU
PDomR FRPR WHUDSHXWDV FRPSRUWDPHQWDLV
QXP JUXSR EHP GHILQLGR GH SHUWXUEDo}HV
DVTXDLVQHVVDDOWXUDPRVWUDYDPUHVSRQGHU
DRWUDWDPHQWRFRPSRUWDPHQWDO6XJHULXTXH
GRV GRHQWHV HP DPEXODWyULR SRGHULDP
EHQHILFLDU FRP HVWD DERUGDJHP 0DUNV H
FRO5HFRQKHFHXWDPEpPTXHH[LVWLD
DFHQWXDGD IDOWD GH SVLTXLDWUDV H SVLFyORJRV
DGHTXDGDPHQWH WUHLQDGRV H TXH VHULD QH
FHVViULR SURFXUDU RXWURV SURILVVLRQDLV SDUD
GLVVHPLQDUHVWDIRUPDGHWUDWDPHQWR0DUNV
HVWDYD SHUVXDGLGR GH TXH RV HQIHUPHLURV
FRQVWLWXtDP XPD HVFROKD OyJLFD SDUD HVWD
IXQomRGDGRTXHSRVVXtDPDQHFHVViULDH[
SHULrQFLDHIRUPDomRHPGRHQoDVPHQWDLV
5HYLVWDGR6HUYLoRGH3VLTXLDWULDGR+RVSLWDO)HUQDQGR)RQVHFD‡
&OiXGLD&DPSRV
$DXWRDMXGDWHPVLGRFDGDYH]PDLVUHFRQKH
FLGDFRPRXPPpWRGRYDOLRVRSDUDWUDWDURV
SUREOHPDVGHVD~GHPHQWDO
(P QD *Um%UHWDQKD 0DUNV IRL XP
LPSRUWDQWH HOHPHQWR QD FULDomR GDV RUJDQL
]Do}HV GH DXWRDMXGD +RXYH GH IDFWR XP
FUHVFLPHQWR GDV SXEOLFDo}HV GH PDWHULDO GH
DXWRDMXGD OLYURV VXSRUWHV iXGLR H YtGHR
SDUD XP DFRQVHOKDPHQWR FRPSRUWDPHQWDO
HVWUXWXUDGR QRPHDGDPHQWH HP UHODomR DRV
SUREOHPDVIyELFRVHREVHVVLYRV
1DGpFDGDGHVXUJLXRSULPHLURSURJUD
PD LQIRUPiWLFR GHVWLQDGR j DXWRDMXGD )R
UDP GHSRLV GHVHQYROYLGRV RXWURV SURJUDPDV
LQIRUPiWLFRV SDUD YiULDV SHUWXUEDo}HV 32&
GHSUHVVmR
2 HQIHUPHLUR WHP VHP G~YLGD XP SDSHO
LPSRUWDQWH QR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GHVWHV SUR
JUDPDVQRVHQWLGRGHFRRUGHQDURVORFDLVGH
WUDWDPHQWRHGDUDVVLVWrQFLDDRVSDFLHQWHVHP
GLILFXOGDGHVHVSHFtILFDVRXTXDQGRGHL[DPGH
UHVSRQGHUDRWUDWDPHQWR
p5HDELOLWDomR3VLFRVVRFLDO
$UHDELOLWDomRSVLFRVVRFLDOpXPSURFHVVRTXH
RIHUHFHDRVLQGLYtGXRVTXHHVWmRGHELOLWDGRV
LQFDSDFLWDGRVRXGHILFLHQWHVGHYLGRjSHUWXU
EDomRPHQWDODRSRUWXQLGDGHGHDWLQJLURVHX
QtYHO SRWHQFLDO GH IXQFLRQDPHQWR LQGHSHQ
GHQWHQDFRPXQLGDGH
$V HVWUDWpJLDV GH UHDELOLWDomR SVLFRVVRFLDO
YDULDPVHJXQGRDVQHFHVVLGDGHVGRXWHQWHR
FRQWH[WR QR TXDO p SURPRYLGD D UHDELOLWDomR
‡5HYLVWDGR6HUYLoRGH3VLTXLDWULDGR+RVSLWDO)HUQDQGR)RQVHFD
H DV FRQGLo}HV FXOWXUDLV H VRFLRHFRQyPLFDV
QRVTXDLVRLQGLYtGXRHVWiLQVHULGR$VUHGHV
GH KDELWDomR UHDELOLWDomR SURILVVLRQDO HP
SUHJR H DSRLR VRFLDO FRQVWLWXHP DVSHFWRV GD
UHDELOLWDomR SVLFRVVRFLDO 2V VHXV SULQFLSDLV
REMHFWLYRVVmR
‡(PDQFLSDomRGRXWHQWH
‡5HGXomRGDGLVFULPLQDomRHGRHVWLJPD
‡0HOKRULDGDFRPSHWrQFLDVRFLDOLQGLYLGXDO
H
‡ &ULDomR GH XP VLVWHPD GH DSRLR VRFLDO GH
ORQJDGXUDomR
$ UHDELOLWDomR SVLFRVVRFLDO p XP GRV FRPSR
QHQWHV GR WUDWDPHQWR DEUDQJHQWH HP VD~GH
PHQWDO FRP EDVH QD FRPXQLGDGH 3HUPLWH D
PXLWDVSHVVRDVDGTXLULURXUHFXSHUDUDVDSWL
G}HVSUiWLFDVQHFHVViULDVSDUDYLYHUHFRQYLYHU
QD FRPXQLGDGH H HQVLQDUOKHV D PDQHLUD GH
ID]HU IDFH jV VXDV LQFDSDFLGDGHV ,QFOXL DV
VLVWrQFLD QR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GDV DSWLG}HV
VRFLDLVLQWHUHVVHVHDFWLYLGDGHVGHOD]HUTXH
GmR XP VHQWLGR GH SDUWLFLSDomR H GH YDORU
SHVVRDO (QVLQD WDPEpP DSWLG}HV GH YLGD
WDLVFRPRUHJLPHDOLPHQWDUKLJLHQHSHVVRDO
FR]LQKDU ID]HU FRPSUDV ID]HU RUoDPHQWRV
PDQWHU D FDVD H XVDU GLIHUHQWHV PHLRV GH
WUDQVSRUWH
$SHVVRDpWUDWDGDHLQVHULGDQDFRPXQLGDGH
H[LJLQGRDLQWHUYHQomRGHXPDHTXLSDPXOWL
GLVFLSOLQDU H XPD DUWLFXODomR FRP D IDPtOLD
DHVFRODGLYHUVDVDVVRFLDo}HVHRUJDQL]Do}HV
)LJ,,
3HUVSHFWLYDV)XWXUDVGR(QIHUPHLURQD&RPXQLGDGH
)LJXUD,,'LDJUDPDUHSUHVHQWDWLYRGDVSULQFLSDLV
YDOrQFLDVQRWUDEDOKRFRPXQLWiULR
‡,GHQWLILFDUFRPRXWHQWHSRWHQFLDLVIDFWRUHV
GHVWUHVVGHPRGRDSUHSDUiORSDUDVLWXDo}HV
VWUHVVDQWHVHVSHUDGDVHLQWHUYLUQDFULVH
‡)RPHQWDUDFULDomRGHJUXSRVGHDXWRDMX
GDHDFRQVHOKDPHQWRLGRVRVYL~YRV$$
‡3ULYLOHJLDUDVYLVLWDVGRPLFLOLiULDVSDUDDYD
OLDomRGRFRQWH[WRVyFLRIDPLOLDU
‡ 6HQVLELOL]DU SDUD D LPSRUWkQFLD GR UHOD[D
PHQWRQDVSHVVRDVFRPSURILVV}HVFRQVLGHUD
GDVGHPDLRUVWUHVV
‡3URPRYHUDEHUWXUDQDVUHODo}HVSHVVRDLVH
IDPLOLDUHVH
‡ 3DUWLFLSDU DFWLYDPHQWH QRV SURMHFWRV HGX
FDWLYRVGDHVFRODQRkPELWRGDSURPRomRGD
VD~GHPHQWDOHSUHYHQomRGDGRHQoD
36,48,$75,$&2081,7É5,$
$ SVLTXLDWULD FRPXQLWiULD WHP SRU EDVH XP
PRGHOR SUHYHQWLYR R TXDO WHP FRPR SULQFL
SDOREMHFWLYRDGHWHFomRHLQWHUYHQomRSUHFRFH
QDVVLWXDo}HVGHULVFRSDUDDVD~GHGDSHVVRD
HGDVSRSXODo}HV
2HQIHUPHLURpXPD´SHoDµIXQGDPHQWDOQD
LGHQWLILFDomR SUHFRFH GDV SRVVtYHLV VLWXDo}HV
GHSUREOHPDVPHQWDLVHSDUDDGHVPLVWLILFD
omRGHWRGRVRVSUHFRQFHLWRVDLQGDH[LVWHQWHV
1HVWH FRQWH[WR H[LVWHP XP FRQMXQWR GH DF
o}HV GD UHVSRQVDELOLGDGH GR HQIHUPHLUR TXH
VHSRGHUmRWHUHPOLQKDGHFRQWDFRQIHULQGR
OKHXPSDSHOGHJUDQGHUHOHYkQFLDGHHQWUH
DVTXDLV
‡ 6HQVLELOL]DU SDUD D LPSRUWkQFLD GH HVWLORV
GHYLGDVDXGiYHLV
%,%/,2*5$),$
206²5HODWyULR0XQGLDOGD6D~GH/LVERD'L
UHFomR*HUDOGD6D~GH
7$16(//$ 0LFKHOH 7+251,&52)7 *UDKDP
² 3HUWXUEDo}HV PHQWDLV FRPXQV QRV FXLGDGRV
SULPiULRV/LVERD&OLPHSVL
251(/$6 -RVp H WDO ² 3DUWLFLSDomR H (PSR
ZHUPHQW GDV SHVVRDV FRP GRHQoD PHQWDO H VHXV
IDPLOLDUHV/LVERD$,(36(GLo}HV
ZZZRUGHPHQIHUPHLURVSW
5HYLVWDGR6HUYLoRGH3VLTXLDWULDGR+RVSLWDO)HUQDQGR)RQVHFD‡
Download

Perspectivas Futuras do Enfermeiro na Comunidade1