PRESENTS:
THE ADVENTURE AND SCIENCE
BEHIND GLOBAL WARMING
READ AND SHARE
the adventure and Science behind global warming
Script byAlessandro Meiguins and Caco Galhardo
Translation by Jennifer Sarah Cooper
Coordinated by Matthew Shirts and Chiaki Karen Tada
Direction and original idea by Caco de Paula
São Paulo, 2014
mars, 2072.
Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP)
G155c Galhardo, Caco
Climate Heroes - The adventure and science behind global
warming / Caco Galhardo; roteiro, Alessandro Meiguins;
tradução, Jennifer Sarah Cooper. – São Paulo: Planeta
sustentável; Ed.Abril, 2014
52 p. : il. color.; 30 cm
ISBN 978-85-7971-714-7
1. Mudanças climáticas. 2. Histórias em quadrinhos. 3. Meio
ambiente. Brasil. I. Meiguins, Alessandro. II. Cooper, Jennifer
Sarah. III. Título.
CDD 363.738
tharsis. volcanic Plains
come in!
gramps?
how’re you
holdin’ up?
cup o’
Joe?
Your coffee’s
the worst,
gramps.
Just pipe
down and
drink it!
how’s school?
boring...
i prefer your
stories…
about earth
ah, earth...
earthlings, did i
ever tell you the
one about your
aunt chloe’s
enormous booty?
only about a hundred
million times... You
were in the middle
of telling me about
global warming.
ah, global
warming...
where were we?
in the previous century, in the 1960s, scientists became alarmed about
climate changes on earth.
to understand
the future of
the climate,
they had to
understand
the past.
So, they went to the polar ice caps
a comic book by
caco galhardo based
on research done by
planeta sustentável.
You were
telling me about
vostok.
these guys arrived in greenland, one afternoon, and set up a
scientific research station…
Script by
alessandro meiguins
and caco galhardo.
colored by o silva.
ah, vostok.
coordinated by
matthew Shirts
and chiaki Karen tada.
translated by
jenny cooper.
direction and
original idea by
caco de Paula.
camp
century,
greenland
robert
gerdel
b.lyle
hansen
and started
drilling in the ice.
these guys drilled more than 2km below the surface to
take a block of ice that represented more than 110,000
years of climate records.
that’s where vostok comes in!
they extracted shafts
of ice holding the history
of the earth’s temperature
throughout the past
400,000 years.
i don’t get it, why
so much ice?
that’s right, boy.
look,
son!
vostok, the remotest scientific
station in the antarctic.
3 km
deep
in the ice, they found microbubbles that held air from the past. inside each bubble, the composition
of the air registered a specific concentration of carbon (co2).
bubbles of atmospheric air
and it confirmed all
of the greenland data.
radioactive substances
ash
these guys faced
temperatures of - 71 oc degrees.
way below freezing.
ice is a natural climate
recorder.
the PartY
waS JuSt
getting
Started!
Pollen
the data indicated that the earth was heating up and carbon
dioxide had reached record breaking levels of concentration.
this concentration is measured in parts per million or PPm.
they needed to check the
data on the opposite
pole of the planet.
research of this
kind spread around
the world.
So everything
started in the
‘60s?
great!
that’s because
you never saw
the Stones play
that show in
’75!
no,
before
that!
grab some
more coffee
and listen up...
in the 1820s, the French Physicist tried to discover what
determined the temperature of our planet. during four years
he investigated the possible origins of the earth’s heat. he
found out that the atmosphere somehow traps the heat
that the Sun sends this way. For this, Fourier is known as
the first to talk about the greenhouse effect.
this british Physicist was the man!
he discovered how heat is trapped on
earth – according to the laws of
physics, heat should be reflected back
into space and the planet would then
be very cold. tyndall resolved the
questions Fourier posed, and deduced
that co2 absorbs the Sun’s heat,
keeping it from returning back to
outer space.
John tindall
Physicist
great britain
1820/1893
Joseph Fourier - Physicist
France - 1768/1830
the PrecurSorS
climate heroes
guy Stewart
callendar
engineer
the Swedish chemist, arrhenius,
was the first to realize
something was wrong. the planet
was getting hotter. but why?
arrhenius stated that, “as we
evaporate our coal mines in the
air”, we will be increasing the
earth’s temperature from 5 to 6
degrees celsius by the year 2200.
he got the heat calculations right,
but the date wrong. if nothing
changes, by 2100 the earth will
actually be even hotter than that.
Svante arrhenius
Physicist
Sweden
1859/1927
nobel Prize
for chemistry
(1903)
callendar’s favorite hobby
was creating statistical.
curves of the temperature of
the globe. doing this, he noted
that the temperatures were
rising everywhere and presented
his results before the royal
meteorological society in 1938, in
london. it was the first warning
that the concentration of co2
increased temperatures. this became
known as the “callendar effect”.
canada
1898/1964
hold on, grampa!
the research was encouraged by
roger revelle – one of the greatest
oceanographers in the uSa.
Yeah, well 3 gallons
of coffee will get
anyone going!
that’s a lot of
info, my brain’s
gonna burst!
hang on.
gramps!! You’re
gonna o.d. on
caffeine!
now that i’m
just starting
to rev up?
this is the
best part.
Keeling “bottled”
air samples from
california and arizona.
have i told you
about Keeling?
charles david
Keeling
Keeling dedicated most
of his life to measuring
levels of co2 in the air,
on earth and in the sea.
masters
but pollution got in the way. So he went to hawaii.
climatologist
... plus the
waves were
perfect.
uSa
who?
he’s definitely
the man!
usa,
1928/2005
with this daily measuring done year after year, Keeling registered, for the first time
in history the earth’s respiration – breathing – exhaling in the winter and spring when
the co2 rates are high. and inhaling in summer and autumn when the levels are lower.
he shot off experimental manometers.
what the???
atmospheric calibrators
stuck to balloons.
hawaii
where the air was
purer, in mauna loa,
on the big island.
he measured atmospheric
co2 levels, relating them to
temperatures on earth.
Spring
Summer
autumn
winter
Slow down on the
coffee, grampa!
the polar ice cap crew had already shown that
the concentration of co2 in the atmosphere had
oscilated historically between 200 and 280 PPm*.
Keeling’s study showed that these
levels had been surpassed all over
the world. with increased levels of
co2 in the atmosphere, more solar
heat became ‘trapped’ on earth.
because of Keeling’s discovery, the american agency noaa began monitoring
co2 levels in over 100 sites around the world.
it had everything to do
with the greenhouse effect.
Keeling, with the help of noaa, developed the
most famous image of the age of climate change!
hold your
horses!
* parts per million
the concentration of co2,
which, in the history of the planet
had never surpassed 280 ppm,
suddenly rose to 400 ppm by 2014.
co2 concentration
in the early 21st century, scientists
concluded that the consequences
for humanity would be severe if
the co2 level rose above 450 ppm.
the heat would be too much.
artistic
representation
year
Pour me some
more coffee!
gramps, hold
off on the
coffee already!
then give me
a Power bar
gel blast!
You don’t
need an energy
boost, gramps.
then bring
me that
bottle of
tequilla!
no, gramps!
... okay, then let
me tell you all
about hansen!
James hansen is a scientist, former director of naSa, the u.s. space agency.
hansen was the first spokesman on the question of global warming. his testimony had
enormous impact on the american government and society.
- he had access to the
best satellite images
on the Planet.
and he started to
get worried about
what he saw.
on June 23, 1988, one of the hottest days in the history
of washington dc, he spoke to the american Senate.
James hansen
Scientist
usa
1941/...
the greenhouse
effect is heating
up the earth!
iPcc? is it
a political
party?
all this led to the
creation of the iPcc.
go jump
in a lake!
come to think of
it, i could use a
jump in a lake.
wait right there...
i’m gonna jump
in the bath.
hold on, gramps. tell me
about the iPcc first.
You never give
me a break,
do you!
the first president of the iPcc called up 170 scientists to analyze
the question in depth.
how are you
doing, stud.
i want to
make you an
invitation!
bert bolin,
climatologist
Sweden,
1925/2007
okay, in 1988 the iPcc was created – the intergovernmental Panel
on climate change, linked to the united nations.
From 1990 to 2014 5 reports were done. each one with an increasing number of scientists.
a group that gathers the cream
of the crop of world scientists
to study the problem of global
warming.
cool,
grampa!
Sure.
thanks!
can i take a
bath now?
back in
a flash!
humanity reacted.
tell me more
about the iPcc.
Pass me the
shampoo and
i’ll tell you.
hot cold
the last report, in 2014, was signed by 235 people from 58 countries
“climate march”
nova York
september, 21st, 2014
then what?
hand me
a towel.
800 scientists took turns monitoring studies from all ove the world.
they confirmed that global warming, caused by man, had already provoked climate
change and irreversible consequences to the environment.
then
what
what?
don’t i smell good?
let’s take
a spin.
get out a bit.
i can’t stand this
cubicle for one
more minute.
a spin?
where we going?
let’s see if we can
find a nudist beach
with some martians!
grampa, with everything
you told me earth
would have been saved.
therein lies the rub.
let’s go back a
little in history.
all this stuff about the iPcc was
pointed out in important meetings.
eco92
the first coP – conference of
Parts of the united nations on
climate change.
rio de Janeiro, 1992
the event began focused 100% on
environmental questions...
that’s when
we come to
the hairy
part of the
business.
as hard as
asking you to
stop playing
vídeo games!
they said that the
scientists were
exaggerating.
i know it
isn’t easy
to stop co2
emissions.
berlim,
1995
the scientists were like that doctor that says...
Starting today you
need to get plenty of
exercise and no alcohol
or fried foods.
and ended up focused 100% on
the future of the climate.
nobody wanted to hear
about it. mainly the
giant lobby of sceptics
financed by the coal and
oil industries.
and the skeptics...
don’t sweat it!
a couple of supersized, double bacon,
cheese-burgers
can’t harm you.
Kyoto,
1997
then what?
that’s when the debate really heated up.
a lot of countries came to an agreement:
all over the world co2 emissions
should be reduced by 5,12% by 2012. al
gore, american vice-President, played an
important role in the negotiations.
the american
congress
wanted nothing
to do with it.
this thwarted political
agreements. although the
united nations was able to
an upper limit of 2 oc at the
coP in copenhagen in 2009.
that was the goal.
nobody wanted
to hear what
the scientists
were saying.
that’s it,
my boy.
an inconvenient
truth.
the first time images of the melting of the ice caps impressed the public at large.
and so, we return
to al gore.
Sit there, squirt.
again?
Former uS vice President and presidential candidate
al gore had long been concerned about the future
of the climate. he had taken a course with
the oceanographer roger revelle in college.
the scientists
had a hard time
commmunicating
with the public.
the situation called
for an experienced
politician to step in.
al gore
uSa, 1948/...
al gore and the iPcc - during the tenure of rajendra Kumar Pachauri (1940/...) – won the nobel
Peace Prize, on behalf of the entire scientific community.
upset by the battle lost in congress
over the Kyoto treaty, he decided to attack
on another front...
the entertainment industry.
but the skeptics got revenge.
over al gore?
Yes. and over the
paleoclimatoligists.
his documentary, “an inconvenient truth”,
won an oscar in 2007.
Paleowhat?
michael mann discovered a way to map the historical
temperatures on the planet in the rings of ancient trees,
pollen in ice and sediment at the bottom of lakes.
in 2009 his email was hacked, documents
were forged, and he was presented to the
public as a fraud.
he compiled all the
temperatures of the last
millennium in one graph
that became known as the
hockey Stick.
it was only in 2012 that mann
was allowed to testify in the
american congress.
michael e. mann
uSa
climatologist
1965/...
(*artistic representation)
temperature oscillation
michael mann’s graph confirmed all of the climatologists theories: the definitive proof
of everything they were saying. the temperature of the planet had risen 0.5 oc over
the previous 50 years.
1.0
0.5
0.0
besides proving his
innocence, he proved
his theory and the
validity of the hockey
Stick graph.
-0.5
-1.0
1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
it was a big scandal and
became known as climategate.
year
but the skeptics wouldn’t accept it and they aimed all
of their fire power at mann.
what
a trip,
gramps!
he was mocked for
years, in comic strips,
vídeos and texts.
oh, my joints...
help me get up.
let’s go home. but let’s
go home by bus.
let’s go, gramps!
let me just contemplate
one more minute on all
of the immensity.
let’s.
did you say take land
transportation?
that’s
right,
the bus.
oh, how i miss it!
the immensity of earth’s
natural beauty?
of aunt
chloe’s
blooty!
so what
happened in the
end, grandpa?
i thought you’d
never ask!
record high temperatures.
melting ice caps and a rise in the sea level.
michael mann’s case set off a chain
reaction of attacks on the iPcc.
but the ipcc finally won out.
the 2013/2014 report
aside from proving that humanity was
responsible for global warming.
they made accurate predictions about
the years that would follow.
typhoons, floods and droughts.
continuous species extinction.
in spite of all of this,
the climatologists
continued being pictured
as the pains-in-theasses of the story.
but like all
good pains,
they continued
insisting.
the un invited leonardo di caprio to
talk at the climate Summit in new York.
the issue was championed in the media
and political campaigns. Supporters
filled the streets in the States, europe
and cities everywhere.
and ended
up winning
powerful friends.
harrison Ford
thomas Friedman, journalist
of the new York times
arnold Schwarzenegger
everyone in the series “Years of living
dangerously”, focused on climate change.
where?
grammy winner of 2014.
in brazil,
for example.
they had a
first class
scientific team...
and many others!
maria assunção Silva dias - graduate of applied math
marcos buckeridge – uSP
Jean ometto – inpe
laerte guimaraes Ferreira Júnior – geologist
antônio rocha magalhães – economist
eduardo delgado assad – agricultural engineer
ilana wainer – revision of the chapter on oceans – uSP
luiz gylvan meira Filho – Former director of the brazilian agency on Space
gilvan Sampaio de oliveira – meteorologist, researcher from inpe
tercio ambrizzi – climatologist – inpe
antonio nobre – climatologist – inpe
emilio la rovere – economist and engineer
Paulo nobre - climatologist – inpe
moacyr araújo - civil engineer
tasso azevedo, - forestry engineer
thelma Krug – inpe
maria Silvia muylaert de araújo – uFrJ
ronaldo Serôa da motta – ipea
roberto Schaeffer - electrical engineer
oswaldo lucon – uFrJ
mercedes bustamante – Pbmc
Suzana Kahn ribeiro – uFrJ
marcos gomes – Puc-rJ
márcio d’agosto – uFrJ
luiz Pinguelli rosa – uFrJ
haroldo de oliveira machado Filho - mct
ulisses confalonieri - Fiocruz
Fabio Scarano - international conservation
carolina dubeux - uFrJ
carlos nobre - climatologist - member of iPcc
Paulo artaxo - Professor at the Physics institute of the uSP
José marengo - Professor and researcher at inpe
iracema cavalcanti - inpe
edmo campos - uSP
chou Sin chan - inpe
in 2014, a group of researchers
tried to warn that things were
going to get ugly in brazil.
in the amazon, scientists from instituto
brasileiro de Pesquisas da amazônia
(inPa) and from instituto Planck,
coordinated by Physicist Paulo artaxo,
built an observation tower designed to
measure co2 impact on the jungle.
and that’s what happened. drought ridden
northeast just became to grow.
they were worried about the future of the
largest forest on the planet. if the amazon
were sensitive to the rise in co2, what would
happen? could it dry up?
researchers like hilton Silveira Pinto, from
unicamp, said that brazilian coffee would
not handle temperatures in the South and
the Southeast of brazil, and it would
migrate to argentina.
others said that
the worst was
still to come...
they said that after 2050, not even manioc would survive.
their roots would become thin, soft, and limp.
e
r
o
F
e
b
r
e
Ft
a
researcher marcos buckeridge
had warned about this.
325 meters
the end of
manioc fries.
i grabbed your gramma
and your mom, and we
came to mars.
For me, hearing
these stories
was also the
mercy shot of
my existence
on earth.
it
was
over.
Station space Platform!
grampa,
let’s
get off.
wait a minute! this
isn’t our station!
are you nuts,
what’s gotten
into you?
okay. but lets pack
and tell your mom.
look at
this...
there will
soon be more
people on
mars than on
earth!
where are
you going?
grampa, buy me a
ticket to earth.
why? wait
a second,
al. it’s not
an easy
question.
let’s buy the
tickets first!
grampa, if there isn’t
anyone to fight for
that Planet, nothing
will be left.
it can still
be saved!
are you sure
about this?
100%!
r
e
t
la
earth is more beautiful
than i imagined.
it just needs a few more...
... climate heroes.
“Send chloe
a kiss!”
*iF not For the climate
ScientiStS, the earth might
not have been habitable when
our hero decided to return.
he became, together with them,
a climate hero!
Biographical Profiles
Get it?
Or do you want me to
draw it for you?
I
n the beginning, I didn’t quite get it. So I asked them to draw it for
me. It worked. And works to this day. In Brazil we say, “Get it? Or
do you want me to draw you a picture?” It’s a hostile way of putting
someone down. As far as I’m concerned, though, this phrase – an
apparent instance of bullying – can also represent sympathy and
compassion for the other. I, for one, love it when people ‘draw it out’ for
me. My generation has been nourished by images that help us understand
the world. Comic books, magazines, sticker collections, film, photography,
Carnaval, cartoons, TV series… Then came video games and the vertiginous social networks, with graphic posts, videos and memes. All very visual. That’s why comic books – and film – are indispensable.
Nobody said it would be easy to understand, much less explain, what’s
happening with Earth’s climate. Extreme phenomenon occurrs with greater
frequency: record temperatures, droughts, typhoons, floods, scathing heat
waves... Some of the signs of change are even more severe than scientists
predicted. At PLANETA SUSTENTÁVEL – a multiplatform that uses infographics
to combat the misinformation – images are our greatest allies. Each year
we produce volumes of information that we publish in magazines, on sites,
tablets, billboards and posters, applications, at events and in classrooms.
The greatest distribution of information on climate change is displayed in
the images of Al Gore’s famous slide show, presented the world over. It
teaches that the problem is happening now, requires immediate action and
can be confronted. Its solutions can lead us to new models of economy and
to a new and more responsible use of natural resources.
This first issue of CLIMATE HEROES – the adventures and science
behind climate change, is a dream come true, thanks to the joined forces of a team of comic strip creator heroes. Mainly, Caco Galhardo, Matthew Shirts, Karen Tada and Alessandro Meiguins, who gave their all to
create this comic book. The issue is aligned to the essential idea of our
work at PLANETA SUSTENTÁVEL, inspired by British Professor, Tim Jackson, author of Prosperity without Growth, and released in translation by PLANETA.
This idea, which I like to call the, “Jackson Three”, proposes actions that
look to the future, but promote change in the present. CLIMATE HEROES
has all of the “Jackson Three” attributes: lucrative, lasting and can be
shared. Read it and pass it on!
CACO DE PAULA
Director of PLANETA SUSTENTÁVEL
cartoonist and writer caco galhardo has
a daily comic strip in the Folha de S. Paulo,
six books published, as well as many published
collaborations. Some of his characters
have become animated cartoons on the
cartoon network channel, and in 2014, his
character lili a eX was adapted for a sitcom
on the gnt channel. his comic strip
adaptation of don Quijote volume 2,
was a Jabuti Prize finalist in 2014.
matthew Shirts is
the editorial coordinator
of Planeta sustentável
and a columnist for
the magazine veja São
Paulo. he ran national
geographic brasil
for 13 years. he is
the author of
o Jeitinho americano
(realejo, 2010).
caco de Paula is a journalist and the
director of planeta sustentável. he has
run tourism publications for editora
abril and national geographic brasil.
he has also worked for the o estado
de S. Paulo, Jornal da tarde and veja.
he has idealized and created dozens
of new publications, and runs a
very active production nucleus of
sustainable content.
chiaki Karen
tada is a
journalist
with a master's
degree in Social
anthropology.
She has written
for travel
publications and is
an editor at Planeta
Sustentável.
alessandro meiguins is a
journalist, designer, and
director of atol estúdio. he
is a specialist in creating and
executing pilot projects in
communication, such as this
comic book. he works for
national geographic brasil,
Planeta sustentável, araquém
alcântara, geodinâmica, grupo
companhia, among others.
Bibliographic References
DOCUMENTARY
GORE, AL, An Inconvenient Truth,
written by Al Gore and directed by Davis
Guggenheim, 2006
BOOKS
MANN, MICHAEL E., The Hockey Stick
and the Climate Wars - Dispatches from
the front lines, Columbia
University Press, 2012
McKIBBEN, BILL, edited by, The
Global Warming Reader - A Century
about Climate Change, Penguin
Books, 2012
ORESKES, NAOMI and CONWAY,
ERIK M., The Collapse of Western
Civilization - a view from the future,
Columbia University Press, 2014
TENNESEN, MICHAEL, The Complete
Idiot’s Guide to Global Warming,
Alpha, 2008
WEART, R. SPENCER, The Discovery of
Global Warming - Revised and expanded
edition, Harvard University Press, 2008
SITES
tQMBOFUBTVTUFOUBWFMBCSJMDPNCS
blog/blog-do-clima
tDPQMJNBPSH
tZFBSTPGMJWJOHEBOHFSPVTMZDPN
tOPBBHPW
tOBTBHPW
tBMHPSFDPN
tJQDDDI
tQCNDDPQQFVGSKCSQU
tSPBEUPQBSJTJOGP
t$BNQ$FOUVSZ(SFFOMBOE1SPKFDU
Iceworm: City Under Ice R&D Progress
Report 6 1963 US Army - youtube.com/
watch?v=hzTfiTsk_Ak
Victor Civita (1907–1990)
Roberto Civita (1936–2013)
Editorial Board: Victor Civita Neto (Presidente),
Thomaz Souto Corrêa (Vice-Presidente), Elda Müller,
Fábio Colletti Barbosa, José Roberto Guzzo
Abril Media President: Fábio Colletti Barbosa
Editora Abril President: Alexandre Caldini
Director of Subscriptions:
Dimas Mietto
Director of Corporate Marketing:
Ricardo Packness
Director of Distribution: Sandra Carvalho
Director of Corporate Publicity: Ivanilda Gadioli
President: Fábio Colletti Barbosa
Director of Management and Finances:
Fábio Petrossi Gallo
Supervising Director of Printing: Eduardo Costa
Human Resources Director: Claudia Ribeiro
Corporate Director of IT: Claudio Prado
Administration Council: Giancarlo Civita
(President), Andre Coetzee, Hein Brand,
Roberta Anamaria Civita, Victor Civita Neto
www.abril.com.br
Director: Caco de Paula
Editorial coordinator: Matthew Shirts
Editor and content manager for the web:
Mônica Nunes
Site: Marina Maciel and Vanessa Daraya (reporting);
Beatriz Blanco and Gilberto Castro (webdesign)
Marketing: Arthur Pesce Eliezer, Gabriela Moya,
Priscila Perasolo, Juliana Egito, Chiaki Karen Tada,
Maria Bitarello and Rodrigo Gerhardt
Administrative coordinators: Ione Bonfim
and Rafael de Almeida
COLLABORATORS TO THIS COMIC BOOK
Direction and original idea: Caco de Paula
Coordenation: Matthew Shirts and Chiaki Karen Tada
Script: Alessandro Meiguins and Caco Galhardo
Cover: Alessandro Meiguins, Caco Galhardo
and O Silva
Art Direction: Alessandro Meiguins/Atol Estúdio
Design: Natan Brecht/Atol Estúdio
Colorization: O Silva
Copy editing: José Américo Justo
English translation: Jenny Cooper
English translation copy editing: Matthew Shirts
Spanish translation: Bruna Lima
Spanish translation copy editing: Anabelle Luzardo
PLANETA SUSTENTÁVEL is a multiplatform communication project whose
mission is to disseminate knowledge about the challenges and solutions to the
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#b lo g do c l im a
Climate changes are one of the most important discussions of today and ring in a new era, new
attitudes and opportunities. How do they influence and alter our lives? PLANETA SUSTENTÁVEL’s
Blog do Clima addresses this quesiton up close and brings the latest news on this challenge.
planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/blog/blog-do-clima/
PLANETA SUSTENTÁVELiag^V^[]WfafZS`],FSeea3lWhWVa?SdUae4gU]Wd[VYW
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Book composed in Galhardia and Eames Century Modern.
Printed on 90g/m2 Pollen Bold Paper, by Leograf, in 2014.
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