The role of scientific information
in sustainable Development:
Focus in Latin America
João Vianei Soares
Director for earth observations
Who we are...
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE
03/08/61 Dec. No 51.133
Creates the Organizing Committee of the National Space Activities (GOCNAE).
22/04/71 Dec. No 68.532
Extinguishes GOCNAE and creates the National Institute for Space Research (INPE)
INPE headquaters, 2004, São José dos Campos, SP
46 years in 2007
Where we are: our national instalations
INPE – Cachoeira Paulista – SP
Remote Sensing Data Center
CPTEC
Combustion and Propulsion Lab
How many...
 Aprox. 1300 employees (300 PhD, 400
MsC and Engineers, 200 Technicians,
400 staff)
 Aprox. 350 researchers, fellowships,
Contractors
 600 graduate students in 6 programs
INPE’s mission
Brazil due to be an environmental world leader of
21th century (Rubens Ricupero)
INPE to be one of the producers of the required science and
to offer singular products and services to the benefit of
mankind
INPE’s mission
Quality products and unique services
Examples of singular products for police making
and society information...
DETER
Pará 2005
Pollution from burning
and urban-industrial
emissions
Large scale
regional scale
Mega citiess
DATA INTO KNOWLEDGE
SATELLITES
Earth Observation, outer space and
communications missions
SOIL SYSTEMS
Control, reception, processing
and distribuition of spatial data
ANALYSIS AND MODELING
Space Science and
Earth System Science
Access to
Knowledge
Innovative Products
to society
Are extreme events becoming more frequent?
Stronger El Niños?
Photo: Juca Martins
When will a new hurricane hit Brasil?
Catarina Hurricane (mars/2004) Imagem NASA
Which science? what tools?
Process Modeling and supercomputing…
Weather and Climate Forecast
Weather Forecast
Discussions
SX6
SCD1
SCD2
Weather forecast
models
PCD
Satellite
Imagery
Bulletins
Sazonal Forecast
Sea surface
temperature
Supercomputer +
models
CLIMATE
DISCUSSION
Vegetation Index
Climate change
Supercomputer +
models
CO2 emissions
Changes in temperature in
Brazil for year 2050
Temperature oC
B1-low
Temperature anomaly
A2-high
Annual Pecipitation Anomaly anual [(2071-2100)- (1961-90)]
mm/dia
dry
dry
dry
dry
B2
A2
Annual temperature anomaly [(2071-2100)- (1961-90)] oC
hot
hot
B2
A2
Average temperature rose 0,7 C in the last 50
years!
Tmin
rose
nearly
1 oC
Increase in precipitation in the south of Brasil
(1951-2002)
What caused
increase in
Precipitation:
Natural variability
or global warming?
Impacts on Agriculture
Decrease of the potential producing area as temperature
increases from 1 to 5.8oC
Potential Area (1000 km2)
6000
corn
5000
beans
4000
Rice
3000
2000
Soybeans
1000
Coffee
0
Atual
T + 1ºC
T + 3 ºC
Increase in average temperature
Source: Eduardo Assad, Embrapa
T + 5,8 ºC
Fate of Amazon Biomes?
2100
2000
floresta
savana
caatinga
campos
deserto
Green forest savanization:
reaching a new equilibrium biome-clima?
source: Oyama and Nobre, 2003
Deforestation forecast on BR 319 (Manaus-Porto Velho)
in 2020 with protection areas (governace)
ALAP BR 319
Estradas pavimentadas em 2010
Estradas não pavimentadas
Rios principais
Novas áreas de
proteção integral
Novas áreas de
uso sustentável
Diferenças no desflorestamento:
Diminuição:
Aumento:
0.0
-0.50
0.0
0.10
TerraCrime: Free Software for public security
Paranaíba
Paraná
Rio Grande
Tiête
Alto Paraguai
Paranapanema
Iguaçu
The Paraná river
basin and subbasins
www.cptec.inpe.br
65000
60000
55000
50000
27/03/2004 – 51500
Fenômeno Catarina - SC
25/05/2005 – 81100
Enchentes - SP
45000
31/08/2005 – 85000
40000
24/02/2006 – 90740
35000
Ciclone Extratropical - RS
Previsão para o Carnaval
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
mar/03
abr/03
mai/03
jun/03
jul/03
ago/03
set/03
out/03
nov/03
dez/03
jan/04
fev/04
mar/04
abr/04
mai/04
jun/04
jul/04
ago/04
set/04
out/04
nov/04
dez/04
jan/05
fev/05
mar/05
abr/05
mai/05
jun/05
jul/05
ago/05
set/05
out/05
nov/05
dez/05
jan/06
fev/06
mar/06
abr/06
0
Societal Benefits of the Space program – free data
access
Energy
Ecosystems
health
Water Resources
Agriculture
Climate
Disasters
Biodiversity
Brazilian Network on Global Change
STEERING
COMMITEE
EXECUTIVE
SECRETARIAT
Science office
SCIENTFIC
COMMITTEE
Administration
office
MEMBERS OF THE STEERING COMMITTEE
Chair: MCT
Ministries: Health, Agriculture, Environment, Foreign
Affairs, Education, National Integration
Staess: FAPESP and FAPs (
Society representation: ABC, SBPC
Brazilain Forum on Climate Change
SUB NETWORKS
Climate Models (INPE)
Energy (COPPE)
Agriculture (EMBRAPA)
Biodiversity (MPEG)
Health (FIOCRUZ)
Human Dimensions (IEA-USP)
International negotiations (MCT)
Amazônia (INPA)
LUCC (INPE)
Brazilian remote sensing satellites
Launch
CBERS-2
2003
CBERS-2B
2007
CBERS-3
2009
CBERS-4
2012
Amazonia
-1
2010
MapSAR
2012
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
International satellites used for PRODES and DETER
2006
LANDSAT-5
1984
LANDSAT-8
2012
MODIS
2001
2007
2008
2009
2010
Data blackout in 2009?
2011
2012
2013
If its written in English, must be true…
Science, March 30 2007
…and brazilian press reacts…
Plan “Brasil as a Global EO player”
INPE to propose a roadmap to space
technologies for 2010-2020 to the Brazilian
Space Agency -AEB
Build a family of satellites to fly on the PMM
Launch at least one satellite per year
Sustain industrial contracts
Be the mover of the Brazilian launcher project
Explore potential convergence between CBERS
and PMM
taking care of Brazil’s needs?
100
Tecnology 2000
CBERS-5
PAN CB3
50
Tecnology 2008
Revisit
Identif
Agriculture
CCD CB2
Mapping
Deforestation
Tecnology 2015
10
Amaz-1
AWFI CB3
5
CBERS-6
WFI CB2
A1-CB3
Mapping
Agriculture
Brasil 2015
Detection of
Deforestation
1
1
5
10
Resolution
50
100
1000
Plan INPE 2020
2010
CBERS-3
2015
CBERS-4
Amazonia-1
Lattes-1
2020
CBERS-5A CBERS-7
(SAR)
CBERS-5B
CBERS-6A
CBERS-6B
GPM
MAPSAR Amazonia-2
Lattes-2
Amazonia-3
The Aqua Train Real Constellation
The Altimetric virtual constellation
A virtual Constellation: the Charter
IRS
SPOT
SAC-C
ECO :
On Duty Engineer
ERS-2, ENVISAT
ODO :
RADARSAT-1
On Duty Operator
PM :
Project Manager
AU :
Authorized user
ESA
CSA
NOAA
ISRO
CONAE
CNES
NOAA,
POES,
GOES
CBERS 3 – 4 Sensor Configuration
WFI 73 m (860 km)
MSS 40 m (120 km)
CCD 20 m (120 km)
MUX 10 m (60 km)
PAN 5 m (60 km)
0.4
mm
0.5
0.7
Built by China
0.9
1.1
Built by Brazil
1.5
1.7
2.1
2.3
Industrial police: CBERS-3,4
CBERS 3&4
Participation of
National Industry 50% of subsistems
• Structure
• Telecom
• Cameras
• Energy suply
Total of national contracts – US$150 million
Amazônia-1
Amazônia-1 (an optical payload)
AWFI
0,45-0,52 B
Spectral bands
m m)
Spatial resolution (m)
Swath (km)
Revisit (days)
0,52-0,59 G
0,63-0,69 R
0,77-0,89 NIR
40
780
5
Global Imaging every three days when operating in
tandem with CBERS-3
Provide environmental data to the planet
Exemple of nacional achievements
Camera MUX (OPTO)
Main sensor on
CBERS-3/4
CCD with 5 bands and
20 m resolution
MAPSAR (a light SAR)
subreflector, data downlink
Reflector antenna
Antenna feeder
SAR module
Solar Panel
PMM
Data collection system
PLATAFORMAS DE COLETA DE DADOS - SISTEMA SCD - DEZ/2.001
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
HIDROLÓGICA
262
METEOROLÓGICA
117
QUALIDADE D'ÁGUA
-70
-65
10
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
Multimission Plataform (PMM)
A bus to carry various Earth Observation satellites
600 - 1200 km altitude
300 kg payload e 250 kg other subsystems
Replicate cost: US$ 15 milhões
CBERS: exemple to the world
CBERS-2 Launch
(21 October 2003)
Assembly and testing laboratory - LIT
Assembly of CBERS-2B at LIT (2006-2007)
Distribution of CBERS Imagery (01/05/04 a
01/03/06)
Number of scenes distributed
(145 Mb/image)
300.000
Institutions
5.200
Scenes per week
2.170
Average recquired time
10 min
CBERS USERS (%)
Government
23%
R&D
26%
Private sector
51%
What do CBERS users say?
“In 2004 IBAMA realized 26 big enforcement operations
based on LANDSAT. In 2005, 197 operations were made
possible using CBERS imagery.
With CBERS we can do more operations and faster”
Agrobusiness management using CBERS2
CBERS-2 CCD, Minas Gerais, Brazil
CBERS Distribution for neighboring countries
Free distribution extended to the footprint of Cuibá ground Station
527
11
270
1275
5819
ARGENTINA
BOLIVIA
CHILE
3462
COLOMBIA
ECUADOR
PARAGUAY
PERU
SURINAME
URUGUAY
3
VENEZUELA
58
1722
4183
CBERS being considered as a potential gap filler for Landsat
CBERS2-B for Africa
Brasil and China agreed on free data access of
CBERS2-B to African countries.
South Africa and Spain will use their ground
stations to receive, process and distribute
CBERS data.
GEO offer GEOportal (web) and GEONETcast to
reach the end user.
Thank you!!!
Hic sunt leones et dragones
Hic sunt leones et dragones
Hic sunt leones et dragones
fonte: Carlos Nobre