:RUOG$FDGHP\RI6FLHQFH(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI%LRORJLFDO%LRPROHFXODU$JULFXOWXUDO)RRGDQG%LRWHFKQRORJLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ9RO1R
/RJLF3URJUDPPLQJDQG$UWLILFLDO1HXUDO1HWZRUNVLQ
3KDUPDFRORJLFDO6FUHHQLQJRI6FKLQXV(VVHQWLDO2LOV
-RVp1HYHV05RViULR0DUWLQV)iWLPD&DQGHLDV'LDQD)HUUHLUD6tOYLD$UDQWHV-~OLR&UX]0RUDLV
*XLGD*RPHV-RDTXLP0DFHGR$QWyQLR$EHOKD+HQULTXH9LFHQWH
WKHLU LQGLYLGXDO FRPSRQHQWV KDYH EHHQ XVHG DV QDWXUDO IRRG
IODYRULQJVDVIRRGSUHVHUYDWLYHVDQGDVSKDUPDFHXWLFDODJHQWV
EHFDXVHRIWKHLUIXQFWLRQDOSURSHUWLHV>@>@>@
6FKLQXV/VSHFLHVDUHWUHHVIURPWKH$QDFDUGLDFHDHIDPLO\
FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ SXQJHQWVPHOO HVVHQWLDO RLOV FRQFHQWUDWHG
HVSHFLDOO\ LQ IUXLWV 7KH JHQXV 6FKLQXV LV QDWLYH WR 6RXWK
$PHULFD SDUWLFXODUO\ WR WKH FRDVW RI %UD]LO DQG LQFOXGHV
DSSUR[LPDWHO\VSHFLHV>@6FKLQXVPROOH/DOVRNQRZQDV
SLQN SHSSHU LV QDWXUDOL]HG LQ 6RXWKHUQ (XURSH LQFOXGLQJ
3RUWXJDODVDQRUQDPHQWDOSODQW>@
(VVHQWLDO RLO RI 6 PROOH DQG 6 WHUHELQWKLIROLXV H[WUDFWHG
IURPOHDYHVDQGEHUULHVKDGEHHQFKDUDFWHUL]HGPDLQO\E\WKH
KLJK SUHVHQFH RI PRQRWHUSHQV K\GURFDUERQV QDPHO\
P\UFHQH DSKHOODQGUHQH ȕSKHOODQGUHQH DQG OLPRQHQH >@±
>@7KHFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKHVH(2VFDQEHGLIIHUHQWDFFRUGLQJ
ZLWK JHRJUDSKLF DQG FOLPDWLF IDFWRUV DQG ZLWKWKHSDUWRIWKH
SODQW IUXLW RU OHDYHV >@±>@ $OO SDUWV RI WKHVH SODQWV KDYH
EHHQXVHG LQWUDGLWLRQDOPHGLFLQHIRUWKHWUHDWPHQWRI VHYHUDO
SDWKRORJLHV6FKLQXVSODQWVZHUHXVHGLQWKHIRONPHGLFLQHDV
WRSLFDO DQWLVHSWLF GLJHVWLYH SXUJDWLYH GLXUHWLF DV DQDOJHVLF
DQG DQWLGHSUHVVDQW DQG DOVR IRU UHVSLUDWRU\ DQG XULQDU\
LQIHFWLRQV>@>@
6RPH VWXGLHV DERXW 6 PROOH DQG 6 WHUHELQWKLIROLXV (2V
KLJKOLJKW WKH ELRORJLFDO SURSHUWLHV QDPHO\ DQWLPLFURELDO >@
>@ >@ DQWLR[LGDQW >@ >@ >@ DQWLWXPRXUDO >@ >@ DQG
DQWLLQIODPPDWRU\ DFWLYLWLHV >@ >@ DQG FRUUHODWHG WKHP
ZLWKWKHFKHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQ
7DNLQJ LQWR DFFRXQW WKH JHRJUDSKLFDO DQG VHDVRQDO
YDULDELOLW\ RI 6FKLQXV (2V FKHPLFDO FRPSRVLWLRQ DQG WKH
GLIILFXOW\ WR LQIHU WKHLU SKDUPDFRORJLFDO SURSHUWLHV ZLWKRXW
H[SHULPHQWDO DVVD\V IRU HDFK (2 WKH SUHVHQW VWXG\ ZDV
FRQGXFWHGZLWKWKHREMHFWLYHWRFKDUDFWHUL]HWKHIRXQGLQJRID
FRPSXWDWLRQDO IUDPHZRUN WKDW XVHV NQRZOHGJH UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ
DQG UHDVRQLQJ WHFKQLTXHV WR VHW WKH VWUXFWXUH RI WKH
LQIRUPDWLRQDQGWKHDVVRFLDWHLQIHUHQFHPHFKDQLVPV:HZLOO
FHQWUH RQ D /RJLF 3URJUDPPLQJ /3 EDVHG DSSURDFK WR
.QRZOHGJH 5HSUHVHQWDWLRQ DQG 5HDVRQLQJ .55 >@ >@
FRPSOHPHQWHG ZLWK D FRPSXWDWLRQDO IUDPHZRUN EDVHG RQ
$UWLILFLDO1HXUDO1HWZRUNV$11V>@
,QWHUQDWLRQDO6FLHQFH,QGH[9RO1RZDVHWRUJ3XEOLFDWLRQ
$EVWUDFW²6RPH SODQWV RI JHQXV 6FKLQXV KDYH EHHQ XVHG LQ WKH
IRON PHGLFLQH DV WRSLFDO DQWLVHSWLF GLJHVWLYH SXUJDWLYH GLXUHWLF
DQDOJHVLF RU DQWLGHSUHVVDQW DQG DOVR IRU UHVSLUDWRU\ DQG XULQDU\
LQIHFWLRQV&KHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIHVVHQWLDORLOVRI6PROOHDQG6
WHUHELQWKLIROLXV KDG EHHQ HYDOXDWHG DQG SUHVHQWHG KLJK YDULDELOLW\
DFFRUGLQJZLWKWKHSDUWRIWKHSODQWVWXGLHGDQGZLWKWKHJHRJUDSKLF
DQG FOLPDWLF UHJLRQV 7KH SKDUPDFRORJLFDO SURSHUWLHV QDPHO\
DQWLPLFURELDO DQWLWXPRXUDO DQG DQWLLQIODPPDWRU\ DFWLYLWLHV DUH
FRQGLWLRQHG E\ FKHPLFDO FRPSRVLWLRQ RI HVVHQWLDO RLOV 7DNLQJ LQWR
DFFRXQW WKH GLIILFXOW\ WR LQIHU WKH SKDUPDFRORJLFDO SURSHUWLHV RI
6FKLQXVHVVHQWLDORLOVZLWKRXWKDUGH[SHULPHQWDODSSURDFKWKLVZRUN
ZLOOIRFXVRQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIDGHFLVLRQVXSSRUWV\VWHPLQWHUPV
RI LWV NQRZOHGJH UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ DQG UHDVRQLQJ SURFHGXUHV XQGHU D
IRUPDOIUDPHZRUNEDVHGRQ/RJLF3URJUDPPLQJFRPSOHPHQWHGZLWK
DQ DSSURDFK WR FRPSXWLQJ FHQWHUHG RQ $UWLILFLDO 1HXUDO 1HWZRUNV
DQG WKH UHVSHFWLYH 'HJUHHRI&RQILGHQFH WKDW RQH KDV RQ VXFK DQ
RFFXUUHQFH
.H\ZRUGV²$UWLILFLDO QHXURQDO QHWZRUNV HVVHQWLDO RLOV
NQRZOHGJHUHSUHVHQWDWLRQDQGUHDVRQLQJORJLFSURJUDPPLQJ6FKLQXV
PROOH/6FKLQXVWHUHELQWKLIROLXVUDGGL
(
,,1752'8&7,21
66(17,$/ RLOV DUH VHFRQGDU\ PHWDEROLWHV SURGXFHG E\
IORZHUV OHDYHV VWHPV VHHGV IUXLWV RU EDUN RI DURPDWLF
SODQWV 8VXDOO\ WKHVH FRPSRXQGV DUH OLTXLG YRODWLOH OLPSLG
XVXDOO\ ZLWK ORZHU GHQVLW\ WKDQ ZDWHU DQG VROXEOH LQ RUJDQLF
VROYHQWV (VVHQWLDO 2LOV (2V SOD\ DQ LPSRUWDQW UROH LQ WKH
SURWHFWLRQ RI SODQWV DJDLQVW KHUELYRUHV DQG VRPH LQVHFWV DQG
KDYH DOVR LPSRUWDQW DQWLEDFWHULDO DQWLYLUDO DQWLIXQJDO DQG
LQVHFWLFLGH SURSHUWLHV >@ >@ $ ODUJH QXPEHU RI (2V DQG
-RVp 1HYHV LV ZLWK WKH $/*25,70, 8QLYHUVLGDGH GR 0LQKR %UDJD
3RUWXJDO FRUUHVSRQGLQJ DXWKRU WR SURYLGH SKRQH ID[
HPDLOMQHYHV#GLXPLQKRSW
0 5RViULR 0DUWLQV )iWLPD &DQGHLDV DQG 6tOYLD $UDQWHV DUH ZLWK WKH
'HSDUWDPHQWR GH 4XtPLFD ,QVWLWXWR GH &LrQFLDV $JUiULDV H $PELHQWDLV
0HGLWHUUkQLFDV,&$$0(VFROD GH&LrQFLDV H7HFQRORJLD8QLYHUVLGDGHGH
eYRUD eYRUD 3RUWXJDO HPDLO PUP#XHYRUDSW PIEF#XHYRUDSW
VLOYLDPDUDQWHV#JPDLOFRP
'LDQD)HUUHLUDLVZLWKWKH'HSDUWDPHQWRGH4XtPLFD(VFRODGH&LrQFLDVH
7HFQRORJLD 8QLYHUVLGDGH GH eYRUD eYRUD 3RUWXJDO HPDLO
GLDQDIIHUUHLUD#JPDLOFRP
-~OLR&UX]0RUDLVLVZLWKWKH,QVWLWXWRGH&LrQFLDV$JUiULDVH$PELHQWDLV
0HGLWHUUkQLFDV ,&$$0 8QLYHUVLGDGH GH eYRUD eYRUD 3RUWXJDO HPDLO
FUX]BPRUDLV#OLYHFRP
*XLGD *RPHV -RDTXLP 0DFHGR DQG $QWyQLR $EHOKD DUH ZLWK WKH
$/*25,70, 8QLYHUVLGDGH GR 0LQKR %UDJD 3RUWXJDO HPDLO
PJXLGDPJRPHV#JPDLOFRPPDFHGR#GLXPLQKRSWDEHOKD#GLXPLQKRSW
+HQULTXH 9LFHQWH LV ZLWK WKH 'HSDUWDPHQWR GH 4XtPLFD &HQWUR GH
4XtPLFDGHeYRUD(VFRODGH&LrQFLDVH7HFQRORJLD8QLYHUVLGDGHGHeYRUD
eYRUD3RUWXJDOHPDLOKYLFHQWH#XHYRUDSW
7KLV ZRUN KDV EHHQ VXSSRUWHG E\ )&7 ± )XQGDomR SDUD D &LrQFLD H
7HFQRORJLDZLWKLQWKH3URMHFW6FRSH8,'&(&
,,.12:/('*(5(35(6(17$7,216$1'5($621,1*
0DQ\ DSSURDFKHV WR .55 KDYH EHHQ SURSRVHG XVLQJ /3
QDPHO\ LQ WKH DUHD RI 0RGHO 7KHRU\ >@±>@ DQG 3URRI
7KHRU\ >@ >@ ,Q WKLV ZRUN LW LV IROORZHG WKH SURRI
WKHRUHWLFDO DSSURDFK LQ WHUPV RI DQ H[WHQVLRQ WR WKH /3
ODQJXDJH WR .55 $Q ([WHQGHG /RJLF 3URJUDPLV D ILQLWHVHW
RIFODXVHVLQWKHIRUP
,QWHUQDWLRQDO6FKRODUO\DQG6FLHQWLILF5HVHDUFK,QQRYDWLRQ