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CURSO PRÉ-VESTIBULAR
INGLÊS
AULA 13
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Direct(Quoted) And Indirect(Reported) Speech
Você pode responder esta pergunta: "What did he/she say?" de duas maneiras:
- Repetindo as palavras ditas (direct speech or quoted speech)
- Reportando as palavras ditas (indirect or reported speech).
Direct or Quoted Speech (Discurso Direto ou Citado)
Direct speech repete, ou cita as exatas palavras ditas. Quando nós usamos direct speech
ao escrever, nós colocamos as palavras ditas entre aspas ou speech marks ("....") e não
há mudanças nas palavras. Nós podemos estar reportando algo que foi dito agora (no
exato momento), por exemplo uma conversa ao telefone, ou dizendo a alguém mais
tarde sobre uma prévia conversa que já tenha ocorrido.
Examples:
She says "What time will you be home?"
She said "What time will you be home?"
and I said "I don't know! "
"There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.
John said, "There's an elephant outside the window."
Indirect or Reported Speech (Discurso Indireto ou Reportado)
Reported speech é geralmente usado para conversar sobre algo do passado, nós
normalmente mudamos o tempo do verbo e das palavras ditas. Nós usamos verbos
reportados como: 'say', 'tell', 'ask', e nós podemos usar a palavra 'that' para introduzir as
palavras reportadas. Aspas não são usadas
Exemples:
She said, "I saw him." She said that she had seen him.
- 'That' pode ser omitido:
She told him that she was happy.
She told him she was happy.
- 'Say' and 'tell':
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Usa-se'say' quando não há um objeto indireto.
He said that he was tired.
Tip:
- Sempre usa-se 'tell' quando você diz quem esta sendo reportado (i.e. com um objeto
indireto):
He told me that he was tired.
- 'Talk' and 'speak' are used:
Para descrever uma ação de comunicação
He talked to us.
She was speaking on the telephone.
- Com 'about' usa-se para dar referência ao que foi dito:
He talked (to us) about his parents.
- Normalmente o tempo dos verbos mudam ao serem reportados, voltando um tempo
atras do seu tempo do direct speech.
As mudanças seguem abaixo:
Simple present
"I always drink coffee", she said
Present continuous
"I am reading a book", he explained.
Simple past
"Bill arrived on Saturday", he said.
Present perfect
"I have been to Spain", he told me.
Past perfect
"I had just turned out the light," he explained.
Present perfect continuous
They complained, "We have been waiting for
hours".
Past continuous
"We were living in Paris", they told me.
Future
"I will be in Geneva on Monday", he said.
Future continuous
She said, "I'll be using the car next Friday".
Simple past
She said that she always drank coffee.
Past continuous
He explained that he was reading a book.
Past perfect
He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday.
Past perfect
He told me that he had been to Spain.
Past perfect
He explained that he had just turned out the light.
Past perfect continuous
They complained that they had been waiting for
hours.
Past perfect continuous
They told me that they had been living in Paris.
Present conditional
He said that he would be in Geneva on Monday.
Conditional continuous
She said that she would be using the car next
Friday.
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Tip:
- You do not need to change the tense if the reporting verb is in the present, or if the
original statement was about something that is still true, e.g.
He says he has missed the train but he'll catch the next one.
We explained that it is very difficult to find our house.
- These modal verbs do not change in reported speech: might, could, would, should,
ought to, e.g.
We explained that it could be difficult to find our house.
She said that she might bring a friend to the party.
- Para os demais modal verbs segue as mudanças abaixo:
can - could
may - might
must - had to
- Em discurso e em informais escritas, o simple past é usado no
lugar do past perfect.
Ex.: Paul said he had gone to the theater. OR Paul said he went to the theater.
- E quando a informação é uma pergunta, para uma resposta yes / no, usamos a seguinte
estrutura:
Ex.: "Alex, do you want to go to the beach?" John asked.
John asked Alex if he wanted to go to the beach.
Exercise - Direct (Quoted) and Indirect (Reported) Speech
Choose the correct form.
1-) The teacher said: "I want another job"
1) The teacher told he want another job.
2) The teacher said he didn't wanted another job.
3) The teacher said he wanted another job.
2-) She said: "Lend me a pencil."
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1) She said to lend her a pencil.
2) She told to lend she a pencil.
3) She said to lend a pencil.
3-) She said: "She might bring a friend to the party."
1) She told that she might bring a friend to the party.
2) She said that she might bring a friend to the party.
3) She said that she should bring a friend to the party.
4-) "Paul, do you speak English?" John asked.
1) John asked to Paul spoke English.
2) John want to know if Paul spoke English.
3) John asked if Paul spoke English.
5-) You're different from the others. I've never met anyone like you.
1) He said you were different from the others and he hadn't never met anyone like me.
2) He said I was different from the others and he hadn't never met anyone like me.
3) He said he was different from the others and he hadn't never met anyone like me.
6-) I've worked all over the world and I speak seven languages
1) She said she has worked all over the world and she spoke seven languages.
2) She said she had worked all over the world and she spoke seven languages.
3) She said she worked all over the world and she spoke seven languages.
7-) He said: "Don't talk in class."
1) He told not to talk in class.
2) He said to talk in class.
3) He said not to talk in class.
8-) "I am reading a book", he explained.
1) He explained he reads a book.
2) He explained that he was reading a book.
3) She explained that he was reading a book.
9-) They said: "Give us some money."
1) They told to give some money.
2) They said to give them some money.
3) They said give them some money.
10-) "I will be in Geneva on Monday", he said.
1) He said that he would be in Geneva on Monday.
2) He said that he will be in Geneva on Monday.
3) He said that he could be in Geneva on Monday.
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