A Escola Austríaca e a
Teoria do Valor
Prof. Dr. Antony P. Mueller
UFS
Quem foi Ludwig von Mises?
• Nasceu 20 de Setembro de 1881 em Lemberg,
Império Austro-Húngaro
• Faleceu 10 de Outubro de 1973 em Nova
Iorque
Nota:
Falecimento de Karl Marx: 1883 (*1818)
Nascimento de John Maynard Keynes: 1883 (- 1946)
Nascimento de Joseph Schumpeter: 1883 (- 1950)
1974 Prêmio Nobel para F. A. von Hayek (1899 – 1992)
Carreira
• Estudos na Universidade de Viena
• 1906 Doutorado
• 1913-1934 leciona na Universidade de Viena e
trabalha como conselheiro econômico na
Câmera Austríaca de Indústria e Comércio
• 1934-1940 professor no Institut de Hautes
Études Internationales em Genebra
• 1940 publicação de «Nationalökonomie »
(http://mises.org/Books/nationaloekonomie.p
df)
Mises nos Estados Unidos
• 1940 Emigração para Nova Iorque
• 1945-1969 Professor na Universidade Nova
Iorque
• 1949 “Human Action. A Treatise on Economics”
(1969 The Scholars’ Edition)
• http://mises.org/Books/humanaction.pdf
• Biografia: Jörg Guido Hülsmann: “Mises. The Last
Knight of Liberalism” 2007
(http://mises.org/Books/HumanActionScholars.p
df)
Carl Menger (1840-1921) Subjectivism of Valuation
Methodological Individualism
Marginalist Analysis
Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk (1851-1914) Subjectivist Theory of
Capital
Intertemporal Allocation
Time Preference Theory of Interest
Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973) Subjectivist Monetary Theory
Theory of the Business Cycle
Impossibility of Rational Calculation in
Socialism
Theory of Human Action
Friedrich August von Hayek (1899-1992) Theory of Capitalist
Production
Theory of the Business Cycle
Theory of Knowledge
Theory of Market Coordination
A Escola Austríaca Americana
Murray N. Rothbard (1926-1995)
Libertarian Economic Theory
Israel Kirzner and faculty of New York University
Entrepreneurship
Subjectivity and Uncertainty
Hans-Herman Hoppe (1949 - )
Property rights
Institutional Analysis
Scholars of the Ludwig von Mises Institute
Misesian economic theory
Libertarianism
Faculty of the Mercator Center of George Mason University
Market Processes
Public Choice
Ação Humana
-Human action is conscious behavior
-Human action is an ends-means relationship
- Human action is tautologically rational
- Human valuation is subjective meaning (Sinn)
- “Utility” is intentional specific valuation
- Human action is teleologically oriented (reverse
causality)
- Human action is active choice (expectations)
- Human action is centered in the personal “ego” (“Ich”)
- Human action is sequential in time and space
- Human action is imperfect and incomplete
- Human thinking is interior action
- Human thinking is imperfect and incomplete
Dicotomia metodológica
Closed Model (ideal do pesquisador)
deterministic
universal
complete
reductionistic
from complex to simple
Open Model (realidade do pesquisador)
Non-deterministic
time-and-space-dependent
incomplete
complex
from simple to complex
Teoria do Valor
• Valor versus preço
• Preço
– Objetivo
– Coletivo
– Cardinal
– Calculatório
– Monetário
– Absoluto
Teoria do Valor
• Valor
– Subjetivo
– Individual
– Ordinal
– Estimativo
– Sensual
– Situacional
– Transitório
– Marginal