contents Note from the President of the IALM................................................................... 11 Forensic Anthropology S. Raja, B. H. Stuart, P. S. Thomas, C. O’Brien Pyrolysis gas chromatography – mass spectrometry analysis for the estimation of pig bone age for forensic application................................. S. J. Notter, B. H. Stuart, B. B. Dent, N. Langlois Adipocere formation in a river environment........................................... D. V. Fuzinato, S. F. S. M. Silva, L. R. Fontes, D. N. Vieira, M. C. N. Mendonça, J. L. Morais, M. Marino Archaeology of Death and Forensic Sciences in Mosteiro da Luz, São Paulo, Brazil: the excavation can make a difference in forensic anthropological study of mummies and skeletons................................... D. H. Ubelaker Recent Advances in Forensic Anthropology............................................ E. N. Conceição, H. F. V. Cardoso Estimating age at death from the size of the growing epiphyses and metaphyses of the femur and tibia at the knee........................................ F. Faria, M. Andrade, H. F. V. Cardoso Estimating Age at Death in Adults from Degenerative Changes in the Sternal End of the Clavicle – Preliminary Results using a Bayesian approach................................................................................. R. Henriques de Gouveia, E. Cunha, F. Costa Santos, J. Costa Santos Juxtacortical osteoma: an histopathological diagnosis in an anthropological specimen.............................................................. S. V. Tedeschi-Oliveira, R. F. H. Melani, N. H. Almeida, L. A. S. Paiva Evaluation of soft tissue thicknesses with the purpose of Facial Reconstruction in Brazilian...................................................... 15 19 23 29 33 39 45 49 Blood patterns A. Verzeletti, V. Cortellini, N. Cerri, F. de Ferrari Blood stains analysis on clothes: a case report......................................... 57 L. Souto, H. Moreira Evaluation of Bloodstain Detection Tests for Forensic Applications......... 61 Forensic Genetic A. M. Bento, H. Afonso Costa, F. Balsa, A. Serra, V. Lopes, L. Andrade, C. Oliveira, L. Batista, M. J. Anjos, M. Carvalho, F. Corte-Real Mixture detection applying mitochondrial DNA SNPs Vs traditional mitochondrial DNA sequencing............................................................ 69 C. Veloso, A. M. Bento, H. Afonso Costa, V. Lopes, J. J. Gamero, M. Carvalho, M. J. Anjos, S. Pantoja, F. Corte-Real Comparative study of 15 STR forensic loci between a Bolivian population and Central and South America populations................................................. 75 C. Vieira-Silva, I. Lucas, R. Espinheira Forensic Implications of a Single Duplication in DYS448....................... 79 J. Bom, P. Dario, A. Sucena, T. Ribeiro, H. Geada The interest of mitochondrial dna coding region snps............................ 83 J. Silva, T. Ribeiro, J. Gonçalves, H. Geada Forensic Y-Str Study in Y-Chromosome Abnormalities .......................... 87 H. Afonso Costa, F. Balsa, A. M. Bento, A. Serra, V. Lopes, M. Carvalho, L. Andrade, L. Batista, C. Oliveira, F. Corte-Real, M. J. Anjos Species identification from genetic material with cytochrome b.............. 91 L. Sampaio, V. Lopes, M. Carvalho, A. Serra, C. Oliveira, L. Batista, A. M. Bento, F. Balsa, J. J. Gamero, F. Corte-Real, M. J. Anjos AmpFlSTR® MiniFiler™ PCR Amplification kit: a powerful tool for genetic identification in criminal cases with low copy number samples... 95 L. Ganço, M. Carvalho, F. Balsa, A. M. Bento, A. Serra, M. J. Anjos, A. Xufre, F. Corte-Real Genetic identification of animal samples (Canis familiaris and Felis catus) in forensic context................................ 99 M. J. Pereira, M. L. Pontes, M. F. Pinheiro The interest of nails in genetic identification of human decomposed cadavers ............................................................ 103 L. Cainé, F. Pinheiro The importance of STR specific databases: a comparative study ............ 109 M. Carvalho, P. Brito, A. M. Bento, V. Gomes, H. Antunes, H. Afonso Costa, V. Lopes, A. Serra, F. Balsa, L. Andrade, M. J. Anjos, L. Gusmão, F. Corte-Real Paternal and maternal lineages in Cabo Verde archipelago population..... 115 P. Dario, T. Ribeiro, R. Espinheira, H. Geada 20 SNP-Plex as a Complement Method in Paternity Testing................... 123 R. N. Oliveira, A. M. Baraldi, L. M. Bezerra de Menezes National scenery of the use of genetic identification technique in the official services of identification and the dentist participation....... 129 T. Ribeiro, C. Vieira-Silva, P. Dario, I. Lucas, H. Geada, R. Espinheira Heteropaternal twins investigation with missing alleged father................ 135 V. Bogas, M. Carvalho, M. J. Anjos, M. F. Pinheiro, F. Corte-Real Degradation of buried DNA samples in different types of soil ............... 139 V. Lopes, R. Oliveira, B. Silva, A. Serra, F. Balsa, L. Andrade, M. Carvalho, A. Bento, L. Batista, C. Oliveira, A. P. Sousa, F. Corte-Real, M. J. Anjos Good practice in collecting samples from human fetus with few gestation weeks..................................................................................... 145 Forensic odontology A. Cruz-Landeira, J. Linares-Argote, M. Martínez-Rodríguez, C. Bouzas-Montero, J. I. Muñoz, M. S. Rodríguez-Calvo, L. Concheiro Dental age Estimation in Spanish and Venezuelan children. Comparison of Demirjian´s and Chaillet´s scores................................... 149 Miscellaneous A. E. Kastanaki, E. F. Kranioti, P. N. Theodorakis, M. Michalodimitrakis Patterns of Suicide in Cretan Women..................................................... 157 H. Kinoshita, K. Matsui, M. Takahashi, M. Nishiguchi, H. Ouchi, T. Minami, N. Ohtsu, S. Yoshida, N. Adachi, S. Hishida, M. Jamal, V. Tamaka, E. Ghkubo, K. Ameno Studies for the asbestos exposure in Japanese urban population ............. 165 M. Tavani, L. Andrello, L. Guzzetti, A. Osculati Forensic Medicine Professional Services in Canton Ticino (Switzerland): 3 years of experience............................................................................. 169 L. Duarte de Carvalho, F. Hanaoka, H. Oliveira, I. Magalhães, K. Silva, M. L. Manna Alcohol and cell phone associated effects on car drivers tested in an experimental roadtest............................................................................ 173 M. D. Freeman A Bayesian assessment of unexplained fracture as a forensic test of child abuse; quantification of uncertainty using the Error Odds approach....... 179 M. Dias Teixeira, R. Rangel, A. Dias Teixeira, V. Domingues, S. de Abajo Olea, C. Delerue-Matos Perception and Risk of Exposure to Xylene by Pathologic Anatomy Students.... 185 P. Pinto, V. Uroz, P. Morillas, C. Badía Review of informed consent in gynecological and obstetrical interventions with curettage: a study of 20 spanish centers..................... 193 A. R. Pereira, D. Nikoli ć, F. Gallo, L. Eiras, I. Pinto Ribeiro, F. Costa Santos, J. Costa Santos Fatal Electrocution a 10-year retrospective study in the Lisbon Area....... 199 B. Santos, S. Martins, A. Almeida, A. Santo, T. Magalhães Diagnosing Death by Drowning through the Analysis of Blood Markers by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry............................. 205 G. Castanheira, C. L. Santos, E. Sousa, M. C. Mendonça Occupational Fatalities Characterization (2006-2008)............................ 209 C.. Allegue, M. Brión, M. S. Rodríguez-Calvo, R. Gil, M. Torres, L. Concheiro, A. Carracedo Large-scale mutation screening in Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)............211 Clinical forensic medicine and DOMESTIC VIOLENCE G. Farina, C. Sciarabba, E. di Stefano, A. Argo, P. Procaccianti Incest: Medical-Legal Perspectives..........................................................221 P. Garcia A multidisciplinary network: perspective on the domain of psychological violence in conjugality – part 1.................................... 225 J. Redondo Domestic violence and forensic assessment: A multidisciplinary network perspective on the domain of psychological violence in conjugality – part 2.............................................................. 231 A. R. Pereira, L. Ferreira Alves, I. Pinto Ribeiro, J. Costa Santos Intimate partner homicide-suicide a 5-year case review (2004-08)........... 241 M. S. Rodríguez-Calvo; S. Baleato; J. I. Muñoz; L. Concheiro Imaging in Emergency Radiology: Clinical and Forensic aspects.............247 forensic Toxicology A. Cruz-Landeira, M. J. Tabernero-Duque, C. Bouzas-Montero, A. M. Bermejo Deaths from Acute Reaction to Drugs and Psicoactive Substances in Galicia in 2005................................................................................. 255 O. Quintela, M. Mon, P. Blanco, A. de Castro, M. Lopez-Rivadulla, A. Cruz The Tooth as an Alternative Matrix in Forensic Toxicology. Application to the Determination of Benzodiazepines............................................... 259 C. Buschmann, M. Tsokos, F. Schulz Severe complications following low-dose application of methotrexate...... 263 N. Piloto, H. M. Teixeira, E. Teixeira-Lemos, B. Parada, P. Garrido, J. Sereno, A. F. Pinto, E. Costa, L. Belo, A. Santos-Silva, R. Pinto, P. Couceiro, P. Neto, F. Xavier, L. Carvalho, F. Teixeira, F. Reis Erythropoietin doping as cause of sudden death in athletes: an experimental study.......................................................... 267 N. Piloto, H. M. Teixeira, E. Teixeira-Lemos, B. Parada, P. Garrido, J. Sereno, L. Ferreira, E. Costa, L. Belo, A. Santos-Silva, P. Rocha-Pereira, J. Pego, G. Marques, M. Lourenço, C. A. Tavares, R. Alves, F. Teixeira, F. Reis Toxicological effects of recombinant human erythropoietin doping – chronic versus acute aerobic exercise................................................... 275 R. Silva, N. Costa, H. M. Teixeira, P. Proença, J. Vidinha, M. C. Mendonça, F. Corte-Real, D. N. Vieira Drugs of Abuse Analysis in Fatal Victims of Road Traffic and Labour Accidents in the Centre of Portugal between 1990 and 2007.................. 283 H. M. Teixeira, N. Costa, R. Silva, P. Proença, J. Vidinha, M. C. Mendonça, F. Corte-Real, D. N. Vieira Ethanol Consumption & Road Traffic Accidents: an overview between 1990 and 2007 in the Centre of Portugal............... 291 N. Costa, H. M. Teixeira, R. Silva, P. Proença, J. Vidinha, M. C. Mendonça, F. Corte-Real, D. N. Vieira Ethanol Monitoring in Labour Fatal Accidents: an overview between 1990 and 2007 in the Centre of Portugal............... 299 L. Papi, A. B. Luciani, D. Forni, M. Giusiani Lethal poisoning from Oleander............................................................ 307 M. Burrell, S. Francese, D. D. Cameron, C. Steels, M. Bennett, D. Wells, T. Holman, J. Leake, M. Clench MALDI-MSI – a new tool for metabolite analysis in forensic science......311 A. Dias Teixeira, M. Dias Teixeira, R. Rangel, S. Tarelho, V. Domingues, S. de Abajo Olea, C. Delerue-Matos Development and Validation of HPLC-UV Method to Determine Creatinine and Metabolites of Xylene in Urine.......................................319 M. Takahashi, H. Kinoshita, A. Kuse, M. Morichika, M. Nishiguchi, H. Ouchi, T. Minami, K. Matsui, T. Yamamura, H. Motomura, N. Ohtsu, S. Yoshida, N. Adachi, S. Hishida, Y. Ueno, H. Nishio Application of Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluoresce Spectrometry (EDX) in Medico-Legal Autopsy Case............................................................... 325 P. Proença, J. Vidinha, H. Teixeira, F. Castanheira, M. C. Mendonça, E. Sousa, C. Mustra, J. Franco, F. Corte-Real, D. N. Vieira Determination of Paraquat in blood and urine by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray-Mass Spectrometry.................................. 329 M. C. Djidja, M. R. Clench, P. M. Loadman, C. W. Sutton, P. Scriven, E. Claude, M. F. Snel, J. Franck, M. Salzet, M. Burrell, S. Francese Proteomic investigation of tissues of medical interest by MALDI MSI.................................................................................... 335 Case report A. Matsusue, A. Ishigami, K. Hara, M. Kashiwagi, M. Kageura, T. Sugimura, S. Kubo Genetic analysis of rhabdomyolysis-associated genes: an autopsy case of methamphetamine-related hyperthermia and acidosis............................. 345 B. Santos, R. Oliveira, P. Sousa, G. Santos Costa, F. Corte-Real, D. N. Vieira Simple Fracture = Good Clinical Evolution? Regarding a case assessment in Civil Law............................................... 349 C. Buschmann, M. Tsokos, F. Schulz Inborn heart deformation as a cause of sudden death in a 7-year old girl... 353 C. Carreira, A. S. Coelho, R. Sanches, G. Santos Costa, F. Corte-Real Aesthetic Damage vs. Cosmetic Surgery. Implications in Civil Law Evaluation......................................................................... 359 C. Carreira, R. Sanches, G. Santos Costa, D. N. Vieira Establishing in Criminal Law the Correlation Between a Traumatic Event and a Septal Perforation of the Nose: a case study......................... 363 C. Monteiro, C. Margalho, F. Castanheira, A. Mariano, F. Nascimento, J. Franco, F. Corte-Real, D. N. Vieira One Case of Drowning After Cyfluthrin Ingestion................................. 367 C. L. Santos, E. Sousa, G. Castanheira, C. Margalho, M. C. Mendonça Strychnine poisoning: a case report........................................................ 373 C. L. Santos, G. Castanheira, E. Sousa, M. C. Mendonça, F. Corte-Real Sudden death of cardiovascular aetiology in individuals younger than 45 years old.......................................................................................... 375 C. Margalho, A. Castanheira, A. Castañera, J. Franco, F. Corte-Real, D. N. Vieira Alternative Matrices: a case report.........................................................377 S. Moriani, G. Stornelli, D. Siboldi Murder after torture by side-arm: a case report.......................................383 J. M.Suárez-Peñaranda, J. I. Muñoz-Barús, J. A. Ortiz, M. S. Rodríguez-Calvo, L. Concheiro Unexpected death following femoral catheterization............................... 387 J. A. Ortiz-Rey, E. M. Moledo, P. San Miguel, J. M. Suárez-Peñaranda, L. Concheiro, M. S. Rodríguez-Calvo, J. I. Muñoz-Barús Sclerosing lipogranuloma caused by accidental injection of industrial oil... 391 L. Guzzetti, A. Osculati, L. Andrello, L. Tajana Esophago-pulmonary arterious fistula by ingestion of a foreign body: a case report..........................................................................................393 L. Papi, D. Forni, M. Castagna, F. Becherini Sudden death from Cryptococcal encephalitis........................................ 399 L. Papi, M. Giusiani, D. Marra, S. Chericoni Lethal inhalation of Popper................................................................... 403 L. Andrello, P. Basso, T. Congiu, G. Carlesi, L. Tajana, A. Osculati Historical-anthropological-forensic analysis of a skeleton from a grave datable about year 1000 with traumatic lesions that indicate causes and modalities of the death.......................................................................... 407 L. Andrello, G. Minonzio, N. Algisi, L. Tajana, A. Osculati A rare case of traumatic laceration of intracranial vertebral artery in absence of pathologies and directed traumas to the head.................... 419 V. Graziano, N. Cannovo, A. Tuccillo Osteomyelites in newbord: a case report................................................. 427 P. Proença, J. Vidinha, H. Teixeira, C. Mustra, L. Cortesão, J. Franco, F. Corte-Real, D. N. Vieira Suicide By Drowning After Bromazepam Intoxication: a case report....... 431 R. Henriques de Gouveia, M. Paulo, M. J. Dias, F. Costa Santos, J. Santos Sudden cardiac death a case with two distinct and unrelated causes........ 437 R. Henriques de Gouveia, G. Lérias, A. Mello e Silva, A. Martins, L. Carneiro-Moura Sudden cardiac death of a young football player..................................... 441 R. Henriques de Gouveia, D. Nikolic´, L. Eiras, F. Costa Santos, J. Costa Santos Sudden death during sports activity: an unusual cause............................ 445 A. S. Coelho, C. Marques, R. Sanches, L. Cortesão, D. N. Vieira Fall from a height with head trauma: due to or complicated by cardiac dysfunction? One case study.................................................................. 449 D. Nikolic´, R. Henriques de Gouveia, F. Pedrosa, I. Pinto Ribeiro, F. Costa Santos, J. Costa Santos Giant hydatid cyst: an unsuspected possible cause of sudden death......... 453 NOTE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE IALM Founded in 1938, in Bonn (Germany), the International Academy of Legal Medicine (IALM) is the oldest and most prestigious scientific association with international scope in the sphere of Legal Medicine and the Forensic Sciences. Its membership is drawn from every continent, with professionals and academics who are directly and indirectly involved in the various areas of forensic expertise. Its main aim is to further scientific progress in the field of Legal (Forensic) Medicine, especially by promoting cooperation and information exchange among specialists on an international level. One of the many initiatives promoted by the IALM is the triennial scientific conference, a meeting point where professionals and academics can exchange experiences, engage in scientific discussion, share ideas and experiences, and keep in touch with the latest theoretical, technological and scientific advances. Many of the papers presented are subsequently published in the conference proceedings entitled Acta Medicinae Legalis et Socialis, consisting of one or more volumes. The 21st IALM Conference took place in May 2009 in Lisbon. It was a resounding success, involving the participation of 1278 professionals and academics from 78 countries of the five continents. In addition to keynote lectures by some of the most highly-respected forensic specialists in the international scene, over 600 scientific works were presented in the form of conference papers and posters. Many of these papers have since been published in specialist journals, including the International Journal of Legal Medicine, the official organ of the IALM, published by Springer. Despite this, we would like to continue the tradition (which dates back to the very origins of IALM) of compiling and publishing a book containing papers by authors that wish to divulge their work in this way. We would like to take the opportunity to extend our sincerest thanks to all those who participated in the 19th IALM Conference and presented there the results of 11 their professional experiences, research and reflections, and particularly to authors that decide to publish their work in this book. We are sure that this volume will provide a stimulating read, which will not only contribute to the ethical principle of ongoing professional training, but will also encourage you to participate in forthcoming IALM conferences and to present there the fruits of your future work, hopefully to publish them in the International Journal of Legal Medicine and in further editions of the Acta Medicinae Legalis et Socialis. Duarte Nuno Vieira President of IALM 12