Modelagem de Filas a partir de
Diagramas de Fluxos
Maria Cristina Fogliatti de Sinay
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4 LQWURGXÊÆR
414 Klvwöulfr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
415 Srwhqfldolgdgh gd Whruld gh Ilodv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5 VLVWHPDV FRP ILOD
514 Hvwuxwxud Eävlfd 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
515 Qrwdêær 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
516 Phglgdv gh Ghvhpshqkr gr Vlvwhpd 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6 R SURFHVVR GH QDVFLPHQWR H PRUWH
7 PRGHORV GH ILODV
714 R Prghor ***4*8 U8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
715 Iöupxod gh Olwwoh 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
716 R Prghor ***g*8 U8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
717 R Prghor **S*4*8 U8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
718 R Prghor **S*g*8 U8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
719 R Prghor **4*4*8 U8 +Vhoi 0 Vhuylfh,
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Fdsðwxor 4
LQWURGXÊÆR
Dv odv gh hvshud sru vhuylêrv id}hp sduwh gr gld d gld grv lqglyðgxrv qd
vrflhgdgh prghuqd h frpr qær srghp vhu hylwdgdv/ whqghp d vhu wrohudgdv/
dshvdu grv dwudvrv h lqfrqyhqlíqfldv txh fdxvdp1 Hqwuhwdqwr/ rv surfhvvrv
jhudgruhv gh odv srghp vhu hvwxgdgrv h glphqvlrqdgrv gh irupd d dolyldu
rv suhmxð}rv hp whpsr h surgxwlylgdgh dvvlp frpr dv shugdv qdqfhludv txh
hodv dfduuhwdp1
D Whruld gh Ilodv frqvlvwh qd prghodjhp dqdoðwlfd gh surfhvvrv rx vlv0
whpdv txh uhvxowdp hp hvshud h whp frpr remhwlyr ghwhuplqdu h dydoldu
txdqwlgdghv/ ghqrplqdgdv phglgdv gh ghvhpshqkr/ txh h{suhvvdp d
surgxwlylgdgh2rshudflrqdolgdgh grv phvprv1 Hqwuh hvvdv phglgdv srghp0
vh flwdu= qýphur gh hohphqwrv qd od/ whpsr gh hvshud shor dwhqglphqwr
h whpsr rflrvr grv suhvwdgruhv gr vhuylêr1 R hvwxgr ghvvdv txdqwlgdghv ì
lpsruwdqwh qd wrpdgd gh ghflvær txdqwr ã prglfdêær rx pdqxwhqêær gd
rshudêær gr vlvwhpd qr vhx hvwdgr dwxdo h idflolwd r glphqvlrqdphqwr udflrqdo
gd lqiudhvwuxwxud grv uhfxuvrv kxpdqrv h qdqfhlurv/ grv htxlsdphqwrv h lq0
vwdodêøhv/ ylvdqgr xp phokru ghvhpshqkr joredo1 Ghvvd irupd/ rv frqfhlwrv
h d whruld eävlfd gh Ilodv vær ixqgdphqwdlv sdud d jhuíqfld h dgplqlvwudêær
gh vlvwhpdv surgxwlyrv1
Hp surfhvvrv frp ghwhuplqdgdv fdudfwhuðvwlfdv/ dsöv vhx ixqflrqdphqwr
gxudqwh xp fhuwr shuðrgr gh whpsr/ dv phglgdv gh ghvhpshqkr phqflrqdgdv
whqghp d vh hvwdelol}du1 Qhvwh fdvr/ r lqwhuydor gh whpsr gh ixqflrqdphqwr
gr vlvwhpd/ ^ | c |c srgh vhu glylglgr hp grlv vxe0lqwhuydorv= ^ | c | h ^ | c |
rqgh | ì r lqvwdqwh gh hqwudgd hp rshudêær h | ì r lqvwdqwh d sduwlu gr
txdo dv phglgdv gh ghvhpshqkr vh pdqwhp hvwäyhlv1 Gl}0vh txh hp ^ | c | r vlvwhpd vh hqfrqwud qr uhjlph wudqvlhqwh hqtxdqwr txh hp ^ | c |c r
vlvwhpd vh hqfrqwud qr uhjlph hvwdflrqäulr1
Qr uhjlph wudqvlhqwh/ d yduldelolgdgh gdv phglgdv gh ghvhpshqkr gl0
fxowd dv uhsuhvhqwdêøhv dqdoðwlfdv gdv phvpdv/ vhqgr qhfhvväulr sdud wdo/
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FDSÐWXOR 41 LQWURGXÊÆR
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frqkhflphqwrv pdwhpäwlfrv dydqêdgrv1 Qr uhjlph hvwdflrqäulr/ d hvwdelol}d0
êær ghvvdv phglgdv shuplwh r xvr grv vhxv uhvshfwlyrv ydoruhv pìglrv sdud d
dydoldêær gr vlvwhpd1
Rxwud fdudfwhuðvwlfd gd pdlruld grv vlvwhpdv uhdlv frp od ì d xwlol}dêær
gh xp fulwìulr sduwlfxodu sdud r dwhqglphqwr txh ghwhuplqd txh r sulphlur
folhqwh d hqwudu hp dwhqglphqwr txdqgr xp vhuylgru fd glvsrqðyho/ ì r
sulphlur folhqwh gd od +r dwhqglphqwr ì ihlwr qd rughp gh fkhjdgdv,1 Hvwx0
gduhprv dtxl surfhvvrv txh hqwudp qr uhjlph hvwdflrqäulr h txh dgrwdp r
fulwìulr gh dwhqglphqwr phqflrqdgr1
414
Klvwöulfr
Qhvwd vhêær ì dsuhvhqwdgr xp euhyh uhvxpr gd hyroxêær gd Whruld gh Il0
odv h vxdv dsolfdêøhv/ ghvgh r sulphlur hvwxgr uhdol}dgr shor pdwhpäwlfr D1N1
Huodqj qr dqr 4<3< sdud r sureohpd gh frqjhvwlrqdphqwr gh olqkdv whohi÷ql0
fdv qd Glqdpdufd1 D1N1 Huodqj ì frqvlghudgr sru dojxqv dxwruhv frpr r
sdl gd Whruld gh Ilodv/ ghylgr dr idwr gr vhx wudedokr whu0vh dqwlflsdgr
sru yduldv gìfdgdv drv frqfhlwrv prghuqrv ghvwd whruld1 Mä qr dqr gh 4<4:
sxeolfrx r olyur Vroxwlrqv ri Vrph Sureohpv lq wkh Wkhru| ri Suredelolwlhv ri
Vljqlfdqfh lq Dxwrpdwlf Whohskrqh H{fkdqjhv/ rqgh vxd h{shulíqfld frx
grfxphqwdgd1
Ghvgh hqwær/ dv äuhdv gh hfrqrpld/ gh dgplqlvwudêær h gh surfhvvdphqwr
gh x{rv xvxiuxðudp ghvvd wìfqlfd ghvwdfdqgr0vh hqwuh rxwurv/ sureohpdv gh
frqjhvwlrqdphqwr gh wuäihjr/ gh hvfrdphqwr gh x{r gh fdujd hp whuplqdlv/
gh fduuhjdphqwr2ghvfduuhjdphqwr gh yhðfxorv/ gh hvfrdphqwr gh x{r gh
surfhvvdphqwr gh lqirupdêøhv/ gh irupdêær gh hvwrtxhv/ gh frpxqlfdêær gh
frpsxwdgruhv/ hwf1
Ghqwuh rv wudedokrv ghvhqyroylgrv hp glihuhqwhv äuhdv/ srghp0vh flwdu dv
prghodjhqv dsuhvhqwdgdv sru= M1F1 Wdqqhu +4<84, sdud r fäofxor gr whpsr
pìglr gh hvshud gh shghvwuhv sdud dwudyhvvdu xpd uxd vhp vlqdo/ M1O1 Hyhuhww
+4<86, sdud r sureohpd gh hvfrdphqwr gh x{r gh edufrv hp whuplqdlv sru0
wxäulrv/ D1 Frekdp +4<87, sdud r sureohpd gh uhsdur gh pdtxlqäuldv/ S1P1
Pruvh +4<95, h Q1X1 Sudekx +4<98, sdud r sureohpd gh irupdêær gh hvwrtxhv1
D sduwlu gh 4<93 d Whruld gh Ilodv irl wdpeìp xwlol}dgd sdud prghodu sure0
ohpdv frqfhuqhqwhv ã Flíqfld gd Frpsxwdêær +F1Y1 Udpdprruwk| +4<98,/
S1M1 Frxuwrlv +4<::,,/ ghvwdfdqgr0vh d sduwlu gh 4<;3/ dv dsolfdêøhv d uhghv gh
odv +H1 Jhohpeh h J1 Sxmrooh +4<;:,/ M1 Zdoudqg +4<;;,,/ hp frpxqlfdêær
gh frpsxwdgruhv +M1 Gdljoh/ +4<<4,,1
Gdv sxeolfdêøhv hp sruwxjxív vreuh Whruld gh Ilodv srghp0vh phqflrqdu
r olyur gh D1J1Q1 Qrydhv +4<:8, txh dsuhvhqwd dsolfdêøhv gluhflrqdgdv dr
FDSÐWXOR 41 LQWURGXÊÆR
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sodqhmdphqwr gh wudqvsruwhv h d sxeolfdêær gh P1 Pdjdokæhv +4<<9, txh
wudwd gh prghorv gh uhghv gh odv iuhtÿhqwhphqwh dsolfdgrv hp flíqfld gd
frpsxwdêær1
415
Srwhqfldolgdgh gd Whruld gh Ilodv
Dsöv d lghqwlfdêær gr prghor txh vh dghtxd dr vlvwhpd vre dqäolvh/ vær
ghwhuplqdgdv dv phglgdv gh ghvhpshqkr gr phvpr1 Hvvdv phglgdv ghyhp
vhu dqdolvdgdv ohydqgr0vh hp frqvlghudêær grlv srqwrv gh ylvwd pxlwdv yh}hv
frq lwdqwhv= r gr xvxäulr h r gr jhuhqwh1
Gr srqwr gh ylvwd gr xvxäulr/ dv phglgdv hvvhqfldlv lqglfdwlydv gr gh0
vhpshqkr gr vlvwhpd vær r wdpdqkr pìglr gd od h rv whpsrv pìglrv gh
hvshud qd od h gh shupdqíqfld qr vlvwhpd1 Gr srqwr gh ylvwd gr jhuhqwh/
dv phglgdv gh lqwhuhvvh vær dv txh wudgx}hp r yroxph gh vhuylêr uhdol}dgr/
ghqwuh hodv= whpsr pìglr gh vhuylêr h whpsr pìglr rflrvr grv vhuylgruhv1
R vhuylêr rihuhflgr srgh ghshqghu gh dwlylgdgh kxpdqd/ gh htxlsdphqwrv
rx gh dperv1 Hp txdotxhu grv fdvrv h{lvwh fdslwdo lqyhvwlgr h fxvwrv rshud0
flrqdlv h gh pdqxwhqêær1 R fruuhwr glphqvlrqdphqwr gr vhuylêr qr txh vh
uhihuh dr qýphur gh srvwrv gh dwhqglphqwr h ã yhorflgdgh gh surfhvvdphqwr
ì hvvhqfldo sdud vh pdqwhu xp htxloðeulr hqwuh r fdslwdo glvsrqlelol}dgr qr
vlvwhpd h rv uhwruqrv qdqfhlurv2vrfldlv gr phvpr1
R glphqvlrqdphqwr gr vlvwhpd frqvlghudqgr dshqdv xp grv srqwrv gh
ylvwd phqflrqdgrv/ lpsolfd hp lqvdwlvidêær2shugdv sdud r rxwur vhwru hq0
yroylgr1 Sdud loxvwudu hvvh idwr/ qd Iljxud 414 vær uhsuhvhqwdgrv qd rughqdgd
r qýphur gh srvwrv gh dwhqglphqwr hp sdudohor h qd deflvvd rv fxvwrv/ h
glvshqglgrv shod jhuíqfld +frqvwuxêær/ pdqxwhqêær/ rshudêær gr vlvwhpd,
h shorv xvxäulrv +hvshud shor vhuylêr rx dwhqglphqwr, uhvshfwlydphqwh1 Hv0
vdv ixqêøhv fuhvfhp2ghfuhvfhp uhvshfwlydphqwh frp r dxphqwr gr qýphur
gh srvwrv gh dwhqglphqwr1
FDSÐWXOR 41 LQWURGXÊÆR
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Iljxud 414 = Fxvwrv grv xvxäulrv h gd jhuíqfld hp ixqêær gr qýphur gh
srvwrv gh dwhqglphqwr
Xp qýphur gh srvwrv gh dwhqglphqwr hp h{fhvvr surgx} fxvwrv jhuhqfldlv
hohydgrv/ txh vh uhsdvvdgrv drv xvxäulrv srghp lqyldelol}du r vhuylêr/ phvpr
frp d ydqwdjhp gh vh djxdugdu srxfr whpsr shor phvpr1 Srxfrv srvwrv
gh dwhqglphqwr/ hqwuhwdqwr/ suryrfdp d lqvdwlvidêær gr xvxäulr/ txh vh wlyhu
rxwud rsêær/ jhudophqwh dedqgrqd r vlvwhpd sru qær vxsruwdu xp whpsr gh
hvshud h{fhvvlyr1
Sru lvvr/ vh id} qhfhvväuld d frqvwuxêær gh xpd ixqêær gh fxvwr wrwdo/ /
txh gh dojxpd irupd hqjoreh rv grlv srqwrv gh ylvwd1 Sru h{hpsor=
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loxvwudgd qd Iljxud 415 d vhjxlu1
FDSÐWXOR 41 LQWURGXÊÆR
8
Iljxud 415 = Ixqêær gh fxvwr wrwdo
Gh srvvh gd ixqêær gh fxvwr wrwdo/ r vlvwhpd ghyh vhu glphqvlrqdgr
vhjxqgr r ydoru pðqlpr ghvvd ixqêær/ dwhqghqgr dvvlp xvxäulrv h jhuíqfld
joredophqwh1
D Whruld gdv Ilodv srgh vhu xvdgd sdud dydoldu r ghvhpshqkr rshudflrqdo
gh vlvwhpdv hp ixqflrqdphqwr rx sdud glphqvlrqdu hflhqwhphqwh qryrv vlv0
whpdv1
Fdsðwxor 5
VLVWHPDV FRP ILOD
Xp Vlvwhpd frp Ilod ì txdotxhu surfhvvr rqgh xvxäulrv rulxqgrv
gh xpd ghwhuplqdgd srsxodêær fkhjdp sdud uhfhehu xp vhuylêr shor txdo
hvshudp/ vh iru qhfhvväulr/ vdlqgr gr vlvwhpd dvvlp txh r vhuylêr ì frpsoh0
wdgr1 Hvvd hvshud dfrqwhfh txdqgr d ghpdqgd ì pdlru gr txh d fdsdflgdgh
gh dwhqglphqwr rihuhflgr/ hp whuprv gh x{r1
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Hvwuxwxud Eävlfd
Xp Vlvwhpd frp Ilod ì frpsrvwr vlfdphqwh sru xvxäulrv/ sru fdqdlv rx
srvwrv gh vhuylêr2dwhqglphqwr h sru xp hvsdêr ghvljqdgr sdud d hvshud1
Rv xvxäulrv fkhjdp vhjxqgr xp ghwhuplqdgr frpsruwdphqwr txh fdu0
dfwhul}d r surfhvvr gh fkhjdgdv/ sdud vhuhp dwhqglgrv hp fdqdlv rx srvwrv
gh vhuylêr +txh ixqflrqdp hp sdudohor, vhjxqgr xp sdguær gh dwhqglphqwr1
Hqtxdqwr rv srvwrv hvwær rfxsdgrv/ rv xvxäulrv djxdugdp qd od hp xp
hvsdêr ghvljqdgr sdud wdo1 Dvvlp txh xp fdqdo gh vhuylêr fd olyuh/ xp grv
xvxäulrv gd od ì fkdpdgr sdud dwhqglphqwr vhjxqgr xp fulwìulr hvwdehoh0
flgr shod jhuíqfld1 Xpd yh} frpsohwdgr r vhuylêr/ r xvxäulr ì olehudgr gr
vlvwhpd1 Hvvd hvwuxwxud eävlfd hvwä uhsuhvhqwdgd qd Iljxud 514 d vhjxlu h
rv hohphqwrv qhfhvväulrv sdud d fdudfwhul}dêær gh xp Vlvwhpd frp Ilod vær
dsuhvhqwdgrv qdv Vhêøhv 51514 d 515181
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FDSÐWXOR 51 VLVWHPDV FRP ILOD
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Iljxud 514= Uhsuhvhqwdêær hvtxhpäwlfd gh xp Vlvwhpd frp Ilod
51414 Surfhvvr gh Fkhjdgdv grv Xvxäulrv
R surfhvvr gh fkhjdgdv grv xvxäulrv ì hvshflfdgr shor frpsruwdphqwr
gr x{r gh fkhjdgdv grv phvprv dr vlvwhpd1 Vh vær frqkhflgrv r qýphur
gh fkhjdgdv h rv lqvwdqwhv gh whpsr hp txh hodv dfrqwhfhp/ hvvh surfhv0
vr ì ghqrplqdgr ghwhuplqðvwlfr> fdvr frqwuäulr/ whp0vh xp frpsruwdphqwr
dohdwöulr frqvwlwxlqgr xp surfhvvr hvwrfävwlfr fdudfwhul}dgr sru xpd glv0
wulexlêær gh suredelolgdgh1 Hvvd glvwulexlêær ì hvshflfdgd sru xp sduåphwur
ghqrplqdgr wd{d txh uhsuhvhqwd r qýphur pìglr gh xvxäulrv txh fkhjdp dr
vlvwhpd sru xqlgdgh gh whpsr1
D srsxodêær gh rqgh r xvxäulr vh ruljlqd srgh vhu qlwd rx lqqlwd1
Frpr h{hpsor gr sulphlur fdvr/ whp0vh d srsxodêær frqvwlwxðgd sru srêrv
gh shwuöohr d vhuhp h{sorudgrv qr lqvwdqwh hp txh vxdv yd}øhv r lqglfduhp h
sdud r vhjxqgr fdvr/ xpd srsxodêær frqvwlwxðgd sru fduurv fkhjdqgr d xpd
rflqd phfåqlfd sdud uhsdur1
Rv xvxäulrv srghp fkhjdu dr vlvwhpd lqglylgxdophqwh rx hp juxsrv fx0
mrv wdpdqkrv srghp vhu frqvwdqwhv rx dohdwöulrv1 Frpr h{hpsor sdud r
sulphlur fdvr/ srgh0vh flwdu d fkhjdgd gh qdylrv d xp sruwr sdud fduuhjdphq0
wr2ghvfduuhjdphqwr h sdud r vhjxqgr fdvr/ shvvrdv hp h{fxuvær fkhjdqgr
gh ÷qlexv d srqwrv wxuðvwlfrv1
51415 Surfhvvr gh Dwhqglphqwr
R surfhvvr gh dwhqglphqwr ì hvshflfdgr shor frpsruwdphqwr gr x{r gh
xvxäulrv dwhqglgrv h d vxd fdudfwhul}dêær ì dqäorjd ã gr surfhvvr gh fkhjdgdv
FDSÐWXOR 51 VLVWHPDV FRP ILOD
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51416 Fdqdlv rx Srvwrv gh Vhuylêr2Dwhqglphqwr
Rv fdqdlv rx srvwrv gh vhuylêr vær rv orfdlv +iðvlfrv rx qær, rqgh vær
dwhqglgrv rv xvxäulrv1 R qýphur gh srvwrv gh xp vlvwhpd srgh vhu qlwr
rx lqqlwr1 Frpr h{hpsor gr sulphlur fdvr srghp0vh flwdu rv jxlfkív gh
xp srvwr gh shgäjlr h frpr h{hpsor gr vhjxqgr fdvr txdotxhu dwhqglphqwr
gr wlsr vhoi0vhuylfh rqgh folhqwh h vhuylgru vær d phvpd shvvrd h rqgh r
vhuylêr hvwä vhpsuh glvsrqðyho1
51417 Fdsdflgdgh gr Vlvwhpd
D fdsdflgdgh gr vlvwhpd ì r qýphur pä{lpr gh xvxäulrv txh r phvpr
frpsruwd +lqfoxlqgr od h dwhqglphqwr, txh srgh vhu qlwd rx lqqlwd1 Frpr
h{hpsor gr sulphlur fdvr/ srgh0vh flwdu xp srvwr gh ylvwruld gh fduurv txh
dgplwh xp qýphur pä{lpr gh fduurv djxdugdqgr shor vhuylêr h gr vhjxqgr
fdvr/ xp sruwr rqgh qdylrv fkhjdp sdud ghvfduuhjdphqwr djxdugdqgr/ vh
qhfhvväulr/ qr pdu1 Qr fdvr gh fdsdflgdgh qlwd/ txdqgr hvwd ì dwlqjlgd/ rv
xvxäulrv txh fkhjdp dwì r lqvwdqwh gd suö{lpd olehudêær/ vær uhmhlwdgrv1
51418 Glvflsolqd gh Dwhqglphqwr
D glvflsolqd gh dwhqglphqwr ì r fulwìulr hvwdehohflgr shod jhuíqfld gr
vlvwhpd/ vhjxqgr r txdo rv xvxäulrv txh vh hqfrqwudp qd od vær dwhqgl0
grv txdqgr xp srvwr fd glvsrqðyho1 Ghqwuh dv glvflsolqdv pdlv xwlol}dgdv
srghp0vh flwdu=
ILIR +uvw lq 0 uvw rxw,= rv xvxäulrv vær dwhqglgrv qd rughp gdv
fkhjdgdv1 Hvvd glvflsolqd gh dwhqglphqwr ì d pdlv frpxphqwh dgrwdgd1 Fr0
pr h{hpsorv whp0vh d yhqgd gh lqjuhvvrv qxp flqhpd/ dwhqglphqwr edqfäulr/
fduuhjdphqwr h ghvfduuhjdphqwr gh qdylrv qxp sruwr1
OLIR +odvw lq 0 uvw rxw,= r sulphlur xvxäulr d vhu dwhqglgr ì r txh
fkhjrx sru ýowlpr1 Frpr h{hpsorv whp0vh d xwlol}dêær gh hvwrtxhv yhuwlfdlv
rx krul}rqwdlv h r fduuhjdphqwr gh slokdv gh frqwhlqhuhv hp qdylrv1
SUL +sulrulw| vhuylfh,= r dwhqglphqwr drv xvxäulrv vhjxh xpd rx pdlv
sulrulgdghv suì0hvwdehohflgdv shod jhuíqfld gr vlvwhpd1 Frpr h{hpsorv sr0
ghp vhu phqflrqdgrv d lqwhuqdêær krvslwdodu rx fluxujldv/ d h{sorudêær gh
srêrv shwuroðihurv h wduhidv d vhuhp surfhvvdgdv sru xp frpsxwdgru1
VLUR +vhuylfh lq udqgrp rughu,= r dwhqglphqwr drv xvxäulrv vhjxh xpd
rughp dohdwöuld1 Frpr h{hpsorv ghvwd glvflsolqd whp0vh d frqwhpsodêær gh
frqvöuflrv h vhohêær gh jdqkdgruhv hp frqfxuvrv srsxoduhv1
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Qrwdêær
Sdud ghvfuhyhu xp Vlvwhpd frp Ilod ì xwlol}dgd qhvwh olyur d qrwdêær sur0
srvwd sru Nhqgdoo +4<86,/ txh ì gd irupd ***(*. rqgh h +olwhudlv,
FDSÐWXOR 51 VLVWHPDV FRP ILOD
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ghqrwdp uhvshfwlydphqwh dv glvwulexlêøhv grv whpsrv hqwuh fkhjdgdv vxfhv0
vlydv h gh dwhqglphqwr> h ( +qxpìulfrv,/ ghqrwdp r qýphur gh srvwrv gh
dwhqglphqwr hp sdudohor h d fdsdflgdgh iðvlfd gr vlvwhpd/ uhvshfwlydphqwh
h . xpd gdv vljodv txh uhsuhvhqwd d glvflsolqd gh dwhqglphqwr hpsuhjdgd
frqiruph dv ghqlêøhv dsuhvhqwdgdv qd Vhêær 515181
Hqwuh dv hvfrokdv pdlv frpxqv gh h srghp0vh flwdu=
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