Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional
na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Professional and Academic
Recognition in the EU
Marjolein van der Heul
Team Coordinator International Recognition
Department, Nuffic (The Netherlands)
28 August 2009
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Topics
 Trends in Methodology
 Professional Recognition
- EU Directives
 Academic Recognition
- Lisbon Recognition Convention
 Bologna Process
 Recent developments
- Qualifications Framework
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Trends in methodology
1950-1975: Equivalence
 Low mobility of students
 Study programmes only moderately differentiated
 Course-by-course comparison
 Programmes should be identical
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Trends in methodology
1975-now: Recognition
 Increasing mobility of students
 Expansion of higher education
 Programmes should be comparable
 Directives EU and Lisbon Convention
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Trends in methodology
Ideal: Recognition respecting
differences
 Globalization and internationalization
 Mutual trust in qualifications
 Availability of information, transparency
 Respecting the differences
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Professional Recognition
European Directive 2005/36/EC
Implemented in October 2007
 Relevant for EU and EEA countries
 Combination and updating of existing European
Directives on professional recognition
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Professional Recognition
European Directives on Professional Recognition
Why are these Directives necessary?
 Open labour market in EU
 Free movement of persons and services
 Directives prevent discrimination
 Problem: differences among regulated professions in
countries
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Professional Recognition
European Directives on Professional Recognition
History
 Sectoral Directives
- automatic recognition of diplomas
 General Directives
- case-by-case evaluation
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Professional Recognition
First approach: Sectoral directives
 Harmonization of study programme
 Automatic recognition of diplomas
 Problem: harmonization is very time-consuming
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Professional Recognition
Sectoral directives
 1975 Doctors
 1977 Nurses
 1978 Dentists
 1978 Veterinarians
 1980 Midwives
 1985 Pharmacists
 1985 Architects
(93/16/EEC)
(77/452/EEC + 77/453/EEC)
(78/686/EEC + 78/687/EEC)
(78/1026/EEC + 78/1027/EEC)
(80/154/EEC + 80/155/EEC)
(85/432/EEC + 85/433/EEC)
(85/384/EEC)
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Professional Recognition
Second approach: General directives
 Diploma recognition without previous harmonization of study
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programmes
Case-by-case evaluation of diplomas and experience
Based on mutual trust in education systems
Finished product meets the minimum requirements
Additional requirements are allowed but maximized
Substantial differences
Compensation mechanisms:
- Professional experience
- Adaptation period
- Aptitude test
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Professional Recognition
General Directives
Actors involved in the implementation:
 Ministries of Education
 Competent Authorities
 National Information Centres
 National Coordinators
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Professional Recognition
2005 Directive
 2005 Directive on the recognition of professional qualifications
(2005/36/EC)
 Combines all of the sectoral and general directives
 Liberalisation of provision of services
 National coordinator
 National contact point
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Professional Recognition
Role of Nuffic as Information Centre of First General Directive
Other EU Member State
The Netherlands
Applicant
Applicant
Competent
authorities
Competent
authorities
Nuffic
Information
centre
National
coordinator
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Professional Recognition
Role of Nuffic as Information Centre of First General Directive
copy of file
Nuffic
Ministry
recommendation
application form
file
decision
Applicant
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Academic Recognition
Council of Europe / UNESCO
 Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications
concerning Higher Education in the European Region
 Lisbon Recognition Convention, 1997
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Academic Recognition
Lisbon Recognition Convention
Basic principles:
 Mutual trust in educational systems
 Case-by-case evaluation
 Reversed burden of proof
 Respecting differences
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Academic Recognition
Lisbon Recognition Convention
Key elements:
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Right to an assessment
Transparent procedures
Clear information on evaluation criteria
Focussed on learning outcomes
Decision within reasonable time limit
In line with earlier assessments
Substantial differences
Right of appeal
Recognition information centres
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Academic Recognition
Networks of information centres
 Council of Europe/UNESCO: ENIC
- European National Information Centres on Recognition
and Mobility
 European Union: NARIC
- National Academic Recognition Information Centres
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Bologna Process
The European Higher Education Area
 Joint declaration of the European Ministers of Education
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Convened in
Bologna on the 19th of June 1999
29 countries, six objectives to be reached by 2010
Easily readable and comparable degrees
Two cycle system (Bachelor-Master structure)
European Credit Transfer System (ECTS)
Promotion of mobility of students and staff
Cooperation in quality assurance
European dimensions in higher education
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Bologna Process
Prague Communiqué (2001)
Extension from 29 to 32 countries, extra points:
 Lifelong learning
 Involvement of higher education institutions and students
 Attractiveness of the European higher education area
Berlin Communiqué (2003)
Extension from 32 to 40 countries, emphasis on:
 Quality assurance
 Implementation of two-cycle system by 2005
 Recognition of degrees (Lisbon Convention and Diploma
supplement)
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Bologna Process
Bergen Communiqué (2005)
Extension from 40 to 45 countries;
 Stocktaking: progress at halfway mark with regard to the degree
system, quality assurance, recognition of degrees
 Three-cycle system (Bachelor-Master-Doctorate structure)
 Social dimension
 Mobility
 Attractiveness of the EHEA and cooperation with other parts of the
world
London Communiqué (2007)
Extension to 46 countries;
 Completing agreed action lines
 Improvement of availability of data on mobility
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Bologna Process
Leuven Communiqué (2008)
Political orientations for the coming 10 years;
 Quality assurance
 Equitable access and increasing participation of
underrepresented groups in higher education
 Lifelong learning, employability and student-centred
learning
 Mobility, data collection and transparency
 Cooperation based on partnership with other regions of
the world
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009
Recent developments
Qualifications Frameworks
Qualifications frameworks, using learning outcomes as common
reference point, to increase mobility for learners and workers.
 Overarching Qualifications Framework for the EHEA
- three-cycle system + first short cycle (Associate Degree)
 European Qualifications Framework (EQF) – Lifelong Learning
- all levels of education + non-formal learning
 National Qualifications Framework
Seminário Internacional
Educação Superior e Técnico-Profissional na América Latina
Garantia de qualidade, revalidação de diplomas e mercado de trabalho
Brasília, 24 de agosto de 2009