Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
9
Section 9
References
ABNT. 1987. Preservação e Técnicas de Amostragem de Efluentes Líquidos e Corpos
Receptores. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Rio de Janeiro.
Abril, G., F. Guerin, S. Richard, R. Delmas, C. Galy-Lacaux, P. Gosse, A. Tremblay, L.
Varfalvy, M.A. dos Santos and B. Matvienko. 2005. Carbon dioxide and methane emissions
and the carbon budget of a 10-years old tropical reservoir (Petit-Saut, French Guiana). Global
Biogeochem. Cycles, 19: 4007-23.
Adams, E. E., and S. A. Wells (1984), Field measurements on side arms of Lake Anna, VA, J.
Hydraul. Eng., 110(6), 773–793.
Allan, J.D., and M.M. Castillo. 2007. Stream ecology: Structure and function of running waters.
Dordrecht, Springer.
Alloway, B.J., and D.C. Ayres. 1993. Chemical principles of environmental pollution. Blackie
Academic & Professional, Glasgow. 291 pp.
Almeida, A.F. 1981. Avifauna de uma área desflorestada em Anhembi, estado de São Paulo,
Brasil. PhD thes. Instituto de Biociências-Universidade de São Paulo.
Alves, R.G., and M.R. Marchese. 2002. Levantamento de espécies de Oliochaeta (Annelida:
Clitellata) em alguns habitats aquáticos continentais do estado de São Paulo (Brasil). Resume
presented at the 3th Simpósio do Programa Biota/Fapesp, November 26−28, in São Carlos,
Brazil.
Alves, R.G., S.C. Escarpinati, and M.R. Marchese. 2002. Estudo sobre a ecologia de
Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) de ambientes urbanos do Estado de São Paulo (Brasil).
Resume presented at the 3th Simpósio do Programa Biota/Fapesp, November 26−28, in São
Carlos, Brazil.
Alves-Costa, C.P., and A.V. Lopes. 2001. Using artificial fruits to evaluate fruit selection by
birds in the field. Biotropica 33:713−717.
Alves-Costa, C.P., G.A.B. Fonseca, and C. Christofaro. 2004. Variation in the diet of the brownnosed coati (Nasua nasua) in southeastern Brazil. J. Mammal. 85(3):478-482.
Amaral, M.C.E., V. Bittrich, A.D. Faria, L.O. Anderson, and L.Y.S. Aona. 2008. Guia de
campo para plantas aquáticas e palustres do Estado de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo:
Holos. 452 pp.
Andel, van T.R., A.V. MacKinven, and O.S. Bánki. 2003. Commercial non-timber.
Andresen, E., and D.J. Levey. 2004. Effects of dung and seed size on secondary dispersal, seed
predation, and seedling establishment of rain forest trees. Oecologia 139:45−54.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-1
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Annear R. L. and S. A. Wells. (2007). A comparison of five models for estimating clear-sky
solar radiation. Water Resources Research 43:10.
APG. 2003. An update of the angiosperm phylogenetic group classification for the orders and
families of flowering plantas: APG II. Angiosperm Philogeny Group. Bot. J. Linnean Soc.
141:399−432.
APHA/AWWA. 1985. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 16th
Edition. American Public Health Association and American Water Works Association,
Washington DC. 1268 pp.
Aprile, F.M., and P.A.S. Mera. 2007. Fitoplâncton e Fitoperifíton de um rio de águas pretas da
Amazônia Periférica do Norte, Brasil. Braz. J. Aquat. Sci. Technol. 11(2):1−14.
Armbruster, J.W., and D.C. Werneke. 2005. Peckoltia cavatica, a new loricariid catfish from
Guyana and redescription of P. braueri (Eigenmann, 1912) (Siluriformes). Zootaxa 882:1−14.
Armbruster, J.W., and L.S. de Souza. 2005. Hypostomus macushi, a new species of the
Hypostomus cochliodon group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Guyana. Zootaxa 920:1−12.
Armbruster, J.W., M.H. Sabaj, M. Hardman, L.M. Page, and J.H. Knouft. 2000. Catfish genus
Corymbophanes (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) with description of one new species:
Corymbophanes kaiei. Copeia 4:997−1006.
Arnell, J.H. 1976. Mosquito studies (Diptera: Culicidae) XXXIII: A revision of the Scapularis
group of Aedes (Ochlerotatus). Contrib. Am. Entomol. Inst. 13:1−144.
Arredondo, C., R.V. López, B. Pérez, M., A. Arce, and I. A Priego. 1990. Consideraciones
sobre la interaccion flora avifauna en un perfil ornitologico en La Sierra del Rosario, Pinar del
Rio. Paper presented at the 5º Congreso Latinoamericano de Botánica, June 24−29, in La
Habana, Cuba. p. 34.
Arrington, D.A., K.O. Winemiller, and C. Layman. 2005. Community assembly at the patch
scale in a species rich tropical river. Oecologia 144:157–167.
Astúa de Moraes, D., R.T. Santori, R. Finotti, and R. Cerqueira. 2003. Nutritional and
fibercontents of laboratory established diet of neotropical opossums (Didelphid). In: Predators
with pouches: The biology of carnivorous marsupials. M. Jones, C. Dickman, and M. Archer
(ed). pp. 229−237. CSIRO, Collingwood.
Auguste A.J., S.M. Volk, N.C. Arrigo, R. Martinez, V. Ramkissoon, A.P. Adams, N.N.
Thompson, A.A. Adesiyun, D.D. Chadee, J.E. Foster, A.P. Travassos Da Rosa, R.B. Tesh, S.C.
Weaver, and C.V. Carrington. 2009. Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of Mucambo virus
(Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex subtype IIIA) in Trinidad. Virology 392(1):123−130.
Ávila-Pires, T.C. 2005. Reptiles. In: Checklist of the Terrestrial Vertebrates of the Guiana
Shield. T. Hollowell, and R.P. Reynolds (ed). Bull. Biol. Soc. of WA. 13:24−41.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-2
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Ávila-Pires, T.C.S. 1995. Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoologisches
Verhandelingen 299:1−706.
Axtell, R.C. 1979. Principles of integrated pest management (IPM) in relation to mosquito
control. Mosq. News 39(4):709−718.
Baider, C., M. Tabarelli, and W. Mantovani. 1999. O banco de sementes de um trecho de
floresta atlântica montana (São Paulo, Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 59:319−328.
Bailey, J.A. 1984. Principles of wildlife management. John Wiley, New York. 383 pp.
Bancroft, G.T., A.M. Strong, and M. Carrington. 1995. Deforestation and its effects on forestnesting birds in the Florida Keys. Conser. Biol. 9:835−844.
Barlow, J., C.A. Peres, L.M. P. Henriques, P.C. Stouffer, and J.M. Wunderle. 2006. The
responses of understorey birds to forests fragmentation, logging and wildfires: An Amazonian
synthesis. Biol. Conser. 128:182−192.
Barnett, A.R. Shapley, P. Benjamin, E. Henry, and M. McGarrell. 2002. Birds of the Potaro
Plateau, with eight new species for Guyana. Cotinga 18:19−36.
Barros, T.S., and S. Trivinho-Strixino. Exúvias de pupas de Chironomidae (Diptera) na
caracterização de corpo de água dos câmpus e arredores da Universidade Federal de São Carlos.
Resume presented at the 3th Simpósio do Programa Biota/Fapesp, November 26−28, in São
Carlos, Brazil.
Barroso, M.C., M.P. Morim, A.L. Peixoto, and C. L. F. Ichaso. 1999. Frutos e sementes:
Morfologia aplicada â sistemática de dicotiledôneas. UFV, Viçosa. 443 pp.
Bauer, C. Padrões atuais de distribuição de aves florestais na região sul do Estado do Espírito
Santo, Brasil. PhD diss. Univerisdade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-Museu Nacional. 158 pp.
Bawa, K.S., D.P. Perry, and J.H. Beach. 1985. Reproductive biology of tropical lowland rain
forest trees. Am. J. Bot. 72(3):331−343.
Baxter, R.M. 1977. Environmental effects of dams and impoundments. An. Rev. Ecol. System.
8:255−283.
Bayley, P.B. 1995. Understanding large river-floodplain ecosystems. BioScience
45(3):153−158.
Beebe, W. 1917. The higher vertebrates of British Guiana with special reference to the fauna of
the Bartica district, no. 7. List of Amphibia, Reptilia and Mammalia. Zoologica 2:205−238.
Beebe, W. 1917. Tropical wild life in British Guiana. New York Zoological Society, New York.
Benitez-Malvido, J., E. Tapia, I. Suazo, E. Villasenor, and J. Alvarado. 2003. Germination and
seed damage in tropical forest plants ingested by iguanas. J. Herpetol. 37:301−308.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-3
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Bernard, D.M. 1999. A new geography of Guyana. Macmillan Caribbean, London, England.
Berndt, R.A. 1992. Influência da estrutura da vegetação sobre a avifauna em uma floresta
alterada de Araucaria angustifolia e em reflorestamentos em Telêmaco Borba - Paraná. PhD
diss. Universidade de São Paulo.
Berta, A. 1982. Cerdocyon thous. Mammal. Sp. 186:1−4.
Bicudo, C.E.M., and M. Menezes. 2006. Gêneros de algas de águas continentais do Brasil. 2nd.
RiMa, São Carlos. 489 pp.
Bicudo, D.C., C. Ferragut, L.O. Crossetti, and C.E.M. Bicudo. 2006. Efeitos do represamento
sobre a estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica do reservatório de Rosana, Baixo Rio
Paranapanema, estado de São Paulo. In: Ecologia de reservatórios: Impactos potenciais, ações
de manejo e sistemas em cascata. Nogueira, M.G., R. Henry, and A. Jorcin. Rima, São Carlos,
SP.
Bierregaard Jr., R.O., and T.E. Lovejoy. 1989. Effects of forest fragmentation on Amazonian
understory bird communities. Acta Amazonica 19:215−241.
Bierregaard-Jr. R.O. 1990. Species composition and trophic organization of the understory
bird community in a central Amazonian terra firme forest. In: Four Neotropical Rainforests. A.
Gentry (ed.). pp. 217−236. Yale University Press, New Haven.
Bispo, P.C., L.G. Oliveira, V.L. Crisci, and M.M. Silva. 2001. A Pluviosidade como fator de
alteração da entomofauna bentônica (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera) em córregos do
Planalto Central Brasileiro. Acta Limnol. Bras. 13(2):1−9.
Black, G.A., T. Dobzhansky, and C. Pavan. 1950. Some attempts to estimate species diversity
and population density of trees in Amazonian forests. Bot. Gaz. 111:13−425.
Blais, A.M. 2005. Étude des gaz à effet de serre en miliux aquatiques Relevés de terrain 2005.
Rapport d’Environment Illimité a Hydro-Quebec Production
Bodmer, R.E. 1989. Frugivory in amazonian Artiodactyla: evidence for the evolution of the
ruminant stomach. J. Zool. 219:457−467.
Bodmer, R.E. 1991. Strategies of seed dispersal and seed predation in amazonian ungulates.
Biotropica 23:255−261.
Boggan, J., V. Funk, and C. Kelloff. 1997. Checklist of the plants of the Guianas (Guyana,
Surinam, French Guiana). 2nd ed. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, DC.
Bohr, R.; M. Luscinhka, and A.Z. Oleksowicz. 1983. Phytosicological associations of algal
periphyton. In: Periphyton of Freshwater Ecosystems. R.G. Wetzel (ed). pp. 23−29. The Hague,
Dr.W.Junk.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-4
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Bonumá, N.B., M.C.C. Gastaldini, J.B.D. Paiva, Á. Simonetti, and L. Zorzella. 2008. Influência
da implantação de atividades de garimpo de pedras preciosas na qualidade das águas no
município de São Martinho da Serra – RS. Paper presented at the Simpósio de Recursos
Hídricos do Sul-Sudeste, August 27−29, in Curitiba, Brazil.
Bordenave, B.G., J.J. Granville, and M. Hofs. 2007. Measurement of species richness of
vascular plants in a neotropical rain forest in French Guiana. In: Forest Biodiversity in North,
Central and South America, and the Caribbean: Research and Monitoring. F. Dallmeier, and
J.A. Comiskey. (ed). pp. 411−424. Man and the Biosphere 21. Parthenon Publishing Group,
Washington, DC.
Branco, S.M. 1986. Hidrobiologia aplicada à Engenharia Sanitária. CETESB, São Paulo.
Braun, M.J., D.W. Finch, M.B. Robbins, and B.K. Schmidt. 2007. A Field checklist of the birds
of Guyana. 2nd Edition. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
Braun, M.J., M.B. Robbins, C.M. Milensky, B.J. O’Shea, B.R. Barber, W. Hinds, and W.S.
Prince. 2003. New birds for Guyana from Mts. Roraima and Ayanganna. Bull. Brit. Orn. Club
123:24−33.
Braun, M.J., M.L. Isler, P.R. Isler, J.M. Bates, and M.B. Robbins. 2005. Avian speciation in the
Pantepui: The case of the Roraiman antbird (Percnostola [Schistocichla] “leucostigma”
saturata). Condor 107:329−343.
Brinkhurst, R.O., and M.R. Marchese. 1989. Guide of the freshwater aquatic Oligochaeta of
South and Central America. Col. Climax, 6. 179 pp.
Brussard, P.F., P.R. Ehrlich, and M.C. Singer. 1974. Adult movements and population structure
in Euphydras editha. Evolution 28:408−415.
Bueno, A.A., and J.C. Motta-Junior. 2004. Food habits of two syntopic canids, the maned wolf
(Chrysocyon brachyurus) and the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), in southeastern Brazil.
Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 77:5−14.
Cabalzar, A., F.C.T. Lima, and M.C. Lopes. 2005. Peixes e gente no alto rio Tiquié:
conhecimento tukano e tuyuka, ictiologia, etnologia. São Paulo, Instituto Socioambiental.
339 pp.
Calijuri, M.C. 1988. Respostas fisioecológicas da comunidade fitoplanctônica e fatores
ecológicos em ecossistemas com diferentes estágios de eutrofização. PhD tes., Universidade de
São Paulo. 293 pp.
Callisto, M., M. Goulart, A.O. Mederiso, P. Moreno, and C.A. Rosa. 2004. Diversity assessment
of benthic macroinvertebrates, yeats and microbiological indicators along a longitudinal
gradient in Serra do Cipó, Brazil. Braz. J. Biol. 64(4):743−755.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-5
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Callisto, M; F.A.R. Barbosa, and P. Moreno. 2002. The influence of eucaliptus plantations on
the macrofauna associated with Salvinia auriculata in southeast Brazil. Braz. J. Biol.
6(1):63−68.
Campbell, D.D., D.C. Daly, G.T. Prance, and U.N. Maciel. 1986. Quantitative ecological
inventory of terra firme and varzea tropical forest on the rio Xingu, Brazilian, Amazon.
Brittonia 38:369−393.
Canter, L.W., and J. Kamath. 1995. Questionnaire checklist for cumulative impacts. In.:
Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 15(4):311−339.
Caribbean Community Secretariat. Regional statistics. www.caricom.org (accessed July 7,
2010).
Castilla, A.M. 1999. Podarcis lilfordi from the Balearic islands as a potential disperser of the
rare Mediterranean plant Whitania frutescens. Acta Oecologica 20:103–107.
Castilla, A.M. 2000. Does passage time through the lizard Podarcis lilfordi’s guts affect
germination performance in the plant Withania frutescens? Acta Oecologica 21:119−124.
Castro, E.R., and M. Galetti. 2004. Frugivoria e dispersão de sementes pelo lagarto teiú
Tupinambis merianae (Reptilia: Teiidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 44(6):91-97.
Cattaneo, A., and J. Kalff. 1979. Primary production of algae growing on natural and artificial
aquatic plants: A study of interactions between epiphytes and their substrate. Limnol. Oceanogr.
24(6):1031−1037.
Cavalcanti, N.B., and G.M. Resende. 2004. Danos provocados por insetos a sementes do
imbuzeiro no semi-árido do nordeste brasileiro. Caatinga 17(2):93−97.
Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/theworld-factbook/geos/gy.html (accessed July 10, 2010).
CETESB - Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo. 1988. Guia de Coleta e Preservação
das Amostras de Água. CETESB, São Paulo.
Chadee D.D., J.C. Beier, and R. Doon. 1999. Re-emergence of Plasmodium malariae in
Trinidad, West Indies. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 93(5):467−475.
Chadee D.D., S.C. Rawlins, and T.S. Tiwari. 2003. Short communication: concomitant malaria
and filariasis infections in Georgetown, Guyana. Trop. Med. Int. Health 8(2):140−143.
Chalar, G. 1994. Composicón y abundancia del zoopbentos del Arroyo Toledo (Uruguay) y su
relación com la calidad de água. Ver. Chil. Hist. Nat. 67:129−141.
Chambers, J.Q., N. Higuchi, J.P. Schimel, L.V. Ferreira and J.M. Melack. 2000. Decomposition
and carbon cycling of dead trees in tropical forests of the central Amazon. Oecologia, 122: 380388.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-6
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Chao, A., W.-H. Hwang, Y.-C. Chen, and C.-Y. Kuo. 2000. Estimating the number of shared
species in two communities. Statistica Sinica 10:227−246.
Chapman, C.A. 1989. Primate seed dispersal: the fate of dispersed seeds. Biotropica
21(2):148−154.
Chapman, F.M. 1929a. Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Roraima. American Museum
Novitates. 341 pp.
Chapman, F.M. 1929b. Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela. American
Museum Novitates. 380 pp.
Chapman, F.M. 1931. The upper zonal bird-life of Mts. Roraima and Duida. Bull. Am. Museum
Natur. Hist. 63:1−135.
Chapra, Steven C. 1997. Surface Water-Quality Modeling. McGraw-Hill. 844 pp.
Chazdon, R.L., R.K. Colwell, J.S. Denslow, and M.R. Guariguata. 1998. Statistical methods for
estimating species richness of woody regeneration in primary and secondary rain forests of NE
Costa Rica. In: Forest Biodiversity Research, Monitoring and Modeling: Conceptual
Background and Old World Case Studies. F. Dallmeier, and J.A. Comiskey (ed). pp. 285−309.
Parthenon Publishing, Paris.
CITES. 2010. Convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora:
Appendices I, II and III. http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.shtml.
Clarke, H.D., V.A. Funk, and T. Hollowell. 2001. Plant diversity of the Iwokrama Forest,
Guyana. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth.
Cobo, M., and C.A. Andreu. 1998. Seed consumption and dispersal by the spur-tighed tortoise,
Testudo graeca. Oikos 51:267−273.
Cody, M.L. 1974. Competition and the structure of birds communities. Princeton University
Press, Princeton. 318 pp.
Coelho, C.P. 2007. Frugivoria e possível dispersão em Palicourea macrobotrys (Rubiaceae).
Revista Brasileira de Biociências 5(1):180−182.
Cole, C.J., and Kok, P.J.R. 2006. A new species of Gekkonid lizard (Sphaerodactylinae:
Gonatodes) from Guyana, South America. Am. Museum Novitates 3524:1−13.
Cole, T. and Wells, S. 2010. “CE-QUAL-W2: A Two-Dimensional, Laterally Averaged,
Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model, Version 3.7” Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR.
Conservation International. 2003. A Biodiversity assessment of the eastern Kanuku Mountains,
Lower Kwitaro River, Guyana. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 26. Conservation
International, Washington, D.C.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-7
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Conservation International. 2007. Non-supervised classification of a LANDSAT satellite image.
Consoli R.A.G.B., and R. Lourenço-de-Oliveira. 1994. Principais mosquitos de importância
sanitária no Brasil. Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro.
Cooper, A. 1980. An ecological And phytogeographic study on the embankment flora of the
Linden Highway. Carib. J. Sci. 15:3−4.
Cooper, W.E., and L.J. Vitt. 2002. Distribution, extent, and evolution of plant consumption by
lizards. J. Zool. 257:487−517.
Cooper, W.E., J.P. Caldwell, L.J. Vitt, V. Perez-Mellado, and T.A. Baird. 2002. Food-chemical
discrimination and correlated evolution between plant diet and plant-chemical discrimination in
lacertiform lizards. Can. J. Zool. 80:655−663.
Cowell, R.K. 2009. Estimates: Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from
samples: version 8.2. http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/ stimates.
Cracraft, J. 1985. Historical biogeography and patterns of differentiation within the South
American avifauna: Areas of endemism. In: Neotropical Ornithology. P.A. Buckley, M.S.
Foster, E.S. Morton, R.S. Ridgely, and F.G. Buckley (ed). pp. 49−83. Orn. Monogr. 36.
American Ornithologists Union, Washington, DC.
Curcio, F.F., V.Q. Piacentini, and D.S. Fernandes. 2009. On the status of the snake genera
Erythrolamprus Boie, Liophis Wagler and Lygophis Fitzinger (Serpentes, Xenodontinae).
Zootaxa 2173:66−68.
Dansereau, P. 1992. Biodiversidade, ecodiversidade, sócio-diversidade. Paper presented at the
2º Congresso Nacional sobre Essências Nativas, March 29 - April 04, in São Paulo, Brazil.
Dário, F.R. 1994. Dispersão de sementes. Revista Silvicultura. 58:32−34.
Dário, F.R. 2006. Dinâmica de populações em florestas tropicais. Universidade Técnica de
Lisboa. Episteme, Lisboa. 15-17:421−439.
Dário, F.R. 2008. Estrutura trófica da avifauna em fragmentos florestais na Amazônia Oriental.
Conscientiae Saúde. 7(2):169−179.
Delmas, R. C. Galy-Lacaux and S. Richard. 2001. Emissions of greenhouse gases from the
tropical hydroelectric reservoir of Petit Saut (French Guiana) compared with emissions from
thermal alternatives. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 15: 993-1003.
Deardorff, E.R., and S.C. Weaver. 2010. Vector competence of Culex (Melanoconion)
taeniopus for equine-virulent subtype IE strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Am. J.
Trop. Med. Hyg. 82(6):1047−1052.
DIVA_GIS. Free Spatial Data. http://www.diva-gis.org.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-8
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Donnelly, M.A., and C.W. Myers. 1991. Herpetological results of the 1990 Venezuelan
expedition to the summit of Cerro Guaiquinima, with new tepui reptiles. Am. Museum
Novitates. 3017:1–54.
Donnelly, M.A., R.D. MacCulloch, C.A. Ugarte, and D. Kizirian. 2006. A new riparian
Gymnophthalmid (Squamata) from Guyana. Copeia 3:396−403.
Duivenvoorden, J.F. 1994. Vascular plant species count in the rainforest of the middle Caqueta
area, Colombian Amazonia. Biodivers. Conserv. 3:685−715.
Dynesius, M., and C. Nilsson. 1995. Fragmentation and flow regulation of river systems in the
northern third of the world. Science 266(5186):753−762.
ECLAC. The health-related millenium development goals And targets: Comparison of progress
indicators in the region’s countries. Economic Commission for Latin America and the
Caribbean.
Eigenmann, C.H. 1912. The freshwater fishes of British Guiana, including a study of the
ecological grouping of species, and the relation of the fauna of the plateau to that of the
lowlands. Mem. Carnegie Museum 5(1):578.
Eisenberg, J.F. 1980. The density and biomass of tropical mammals. In: Conservation Biology:
An Evolutionary-Ecological Perspective. M.E. Soulé, A.B. Wilcox (ed). pp. 35−55. Sinauer,
Sunderland.
Eiten, G. 1968. Vegetation forms. Boletim do Instituto de Botânica. 4:1−88.
Ellison, A.M., J.S. Denslow, B.A. Loiselle, and M.D. Brenes. 1993. Seed and seedling ecology
of Neotropical Melastomataceae. Ecology 74:1733−1749.
Elmoor-Loureiro, L.M.A. 1997. Manual de identificação de cladóceros límnicos do Brasil.
Universa/UCB, Brasília, D.F. 156 pp.
Emmons, L., and F. Feer. 1997. Neotropical rainforest mammals: A field guide. 2nd ed.
University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Esteves, F.A. 1998. Fundamentos de limnologia. Interciência, Rio de Janeiro. 602 pp.
Estrada, A., and Coates-Estrada. 1984. Fruit eating and seed dispersal by howling monkeys
(Alouatta palliata) in the tropical rain forest of los tuxtlas. Am. J. Primatol. 6:77−91.
Eva, H.D., E.E. Miranda, C.M. di Bella, V. Gond, O. Huber, M. Sgrenzaroli, S. Jones, A.
Coutinho, A. Dorado, M. Guimarães, C. Elvidge, F. Achard, A.S. Belward, E. Bartholomé, A.
Baraldi, G. de Grandi, P. Vogt, S. Fritz, and A. Hartley. 2000. The land cover of South America
for the year 2000. Map. Ispra, European Commission, Italy, Joint Research Centre, Institute for
Environment and Sustainability. Approximate scale 1:7.000.000.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-9
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Eva, H.D., E.E. Miranda, C.M. di Bella, V. Gond, O. Huber, M. Sgrenzaroli, S. Jones, A.
Coutinho, A. Dorado, M. Guimarães, C. Elvidge, F. Achard, A.S. Belward, E. Bartholomé, A.
Baraldi, G. de Grandi, P. Vogt, S. Fritz, and A. Hartley. 2002. A vegetation map of South
America. Map. Ispra, European Commission, Italy, Joint Research Centre, Institute for
Environment and Sustainability.
Fabian, M.E., A.M. Rui, and J.L. Waechter. 2008. Plantas utilizadas como alimento por
morcegos (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae), no Brasil, In: Ecologia de Morcegos. N.R. Reis, A.L.
Peracchi, and G.A.S.D. Santos (ed). pp. 51−70. Technical Books, Londrina.
Fadini, R.F., and M. De Marco Jr. 2004. Interações entre aves frugívoras e plantas em um
fragmento de mata atlântica em Minas Gerais. Ararajuba 12:97−103.
Faegri, K., and L. Pijl. 1979. The principles of pollination ecology. 3rd ed. Pergamon Press,
Oxford.
Falótico, M.H.B. 1993. Características limnológicas e aspectos da composição e distribuição da
comunidade zooplanctônica em um reservatório da região amazônica em sua fase de
enchimento (reservatório de Samuel - Rondônia). PhD diss. Universidade de São Paulo. 195 pp.
FAO. 2005. Global forest resources assessment. http://www.fao.org/forestry/country (accessed
June 2010). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Faran, M.E. 1980. Mosquito studies (Diptera: Culicidae) XXXIV. A revision of the Albimanus
Section of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus of Anopheles. Contrib. Am. Entomol. Inst.
15(7):1−215.
Faran, M.E., and K.J. Linthicum. 1981. A handbook of the Amazonian species of Anopheles
(Nyssorhynchus) (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosq. Sys. 13(1):1−81.
Fearnside, P.M. 1989. Brazil’s Balbina dam: environment versus the legacy of the pharaohs in
Amazonia. J. Environ. Manage. 13(4):401−423.
Fearnside, P.M. 2001. Environmental impacts of Brazil’s Tucuruí Dam: Unlearned lessons for
hydroelectric development in Amazonia. J. Environ. Manage. 27(3):377−396.
Ferreira, R.A.R., C.M. Santos, and R. Henry. 2006. Estudo qualitativo da comunidade perifítica
no Complexo Canoas (Rio Paranapanema, SP/PR) durante as fases de pré e pós-enchimento. In:
Ecologia de reservatórios: Impactos potenciais, ações de manejo e sistemas em cascata.
Nogueira, M.G., R. Henry, and A. Jorcin. Rima, São Carlos, SP.
Figueira, J.E.C., J.G. Vasconcellos Neto, M.A. Garcia, and A.L.T. Souza. 1994. Saurocory in
Melocactus violaceus (Cactaceae). Biotropica 26:295−301.
Fleming, T.H. 1982. Foraging strategies of plant-visiting bats. In: Ecology of Bats. T.H. Kunz
(ed). pp. 287−368. Plenum, Nova York.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-10
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Fleming, T.H. 1985. Coexistence of five sympatric Piper (Piperaceae) species in a tropical dry
forest. Ecology 66:688−700.
Fleming, T.H. 1986. Opportunism versus specialization: the evolution of feeding strategies in
frugivorous bats. In: Frugivory and Seed Dispersal: Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects. T.H.
Fleming, and A. Estrada (ed). pp. 105−118. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
Fleming, T.H., and V.J. Sosa. 1994. Effects of nectarivorous and frugivorous mammals on
reproductive success of plants. Journal of Mammalogy. 75:845−851.
Fleming, T.H., R. Breitwisch, and G.H. Whitesides. 1987. Patterns of tropical vertebrate
frugivore diversity. Ann. Rev. Ecol. System. 18:91−109.
Forattini, O.P. 1973. Entomologia Médica: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae, Leishmanioses,
Bartonelose. Edusp; Edgard Blucher, São Paulo. Vol. 4.
Forattini, O.P. 2002. Culicidologia Médica: Identificação, Biologia, Epidemiologia. Edusp, São
Paulo. Vol 2.
Forattini, O.P., I. Kakitani, E. Massad, and D. Marucci. 1995. Studies on mosquitoes (Diptera:
Culicidae) and anthropic environment. 9-Syanthropy and epidemiological vector role of Aedes
scapularis in south-eastern Brazil. Rev. Saúde Pública. 29(3):199−207.
Forest Products of the Guiana Shield: An inventory of commercial NTFP extraction and
possibilities for sustainable harvesting. Guiana Shield Initiative Series 2. The Netherlands
Committee for IUCN, Amsterdam.
Forster, P., V. Ramaswamy, P. Artaxo, T. Bertsen, R. Betts, D.W. Fahey, J. Haywood, J. Lean,
D.C. Lowe, G. Myhre, J. Nganga, R. Prinn, G.M.S. Raga, and R. Van Dorland. 2007. Changes
in atmospheric constiuents and in Radiative Forcing. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical
Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
Foster, R.B. 1982. The seasonal rhythm of fruitfall on Barro Colorado Island. In: The Ecology
of a Tropic Al Forest. E.G. Leigh, A.S. Rand Jr., and D.M. Windsor (ed). pp. 151−172.
Smithsonian Institution, Washington.
Fouque, F., P. Gaborit, J. Issaly, R. Carinci, J.C. Gantier, C. Ravel, and J.P. Dedet. 2007.
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) associated with changing patterns in the
transmission of the human cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz
102(1):35−40.
Fowler, H.W. 1914. Fishes from the Rupununi River, British Guiana. Proceedings of the Acad.
Natur. Sci. Philadelphia. 66(2):229−284.
Fragoso, J.M.V. 1997. Tapir-generated seed shadows: scale-dependent patchiness in the
Amazon rain forest. J. Ecol. 85:519−529.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-11
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Francisco, M.R., and M. Galetti. 2002. Consumo dos frutos de Davilla rugosa (Dilleniaceae) por
aves numa área de cerrado em São Carlos, Estado de São Paulo. Ararajuba 10(2):193−198.
Frankenberg, C., J.F. Meirink, M. van Weele, U. Platt, and T. Wagner. 2005. Assessing
methane emissions from global space-borne observations. Science, 308: 1010–1014.
Fryer, G. 1968. Evolution and adaptative radiation in the Chydoridae (Crustacea: Cladocera): A
study in comparative function morphology and ecology. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B.
254:221−385.
Funk, V., T. Hollowell, P. Berry, C. Kelloff, and S.N. Alexander. 2007. Checklist of the plants
of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam,
French Guiana). Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 55. Department of
Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC.
Furch, K., and W.J. Junk. 1997. Physicochemical conditions in floodplains. In: The Central
Amazon Floodplain: Ecology of a Pulsing System. W.J. Junk (ed). pp. 69−108. Springer-Verlag,
Berlim. 529 pp.
Futuyma, D.J. 1992. Evolutionary biology. 2nd. ed. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland. 631 pp.
Galy-Lacaux, C., R. Delmas, C. Jambert, J.F. Dumestre, L. Labroue, S. Richard, and P. Gosse.
1997. Gaseous emissions and oxygen consumption in hydroelectric dams: a case study in
French Guiana. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 11: 471-483.
Galy-Lacaux, C., R. Delmas, G. Kouadio, S. Richard and P. Gosse. 1999. Long term
greenhouse gas emission from a hydroelectric reservoir in tropical forest regions. Global
Biogeochem. Cycles, 13: 503-517.
Gama, J.R.V., A.L. Souza, S.V. Martins, and D.R. Souza. 2005. Comparação entre Floresta de
Várzea e de Terra firme do Estado do Pará. Revista Árvore 29(4):607−616.
Gentry, A.H. 1998. Changes in plant community diversity and floristic composition on
environmental and geographical gradients. Ann. MO Botan. Garden 75:1−34.
Gervais, J.A., B.R. Noon, and M.F. Willson. 1999. Avian selection of the color-dimorphic fruits
of salmonberry, Rubus spectabilis: a field experiment. Oikos 84:77−86.
Géry, J., and A. Zarske. 2002. Derhamia hoffmannorum gen. et. sp. n.- a new pencil fish
(Teleostei, Characiformes, Lebiasiniae), endemic from the Mazuruni River in Guyana.
Zoologische Abhandlungen 52:35−47.
Gibbs, A.K., and C.N. Barron. 1993. The geology of the Guiana Shield. Oxford University
Press, New York.
Giehl, E.L.H., E.A. Athayde, J.C. Budke, J.P.A. Gesing, S.M. Einsiger, and T.S. Canto-Dorow.
2007. Espectro e distribuição vertical das estratégias de dispersão de diásporos do componente
arbóreo em uma floresta estacional no sul do Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 21(1):137−145.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-12
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Gil, A.S.B., and C.P. Bove. 2007. Eleocharis R. Br. (Cyperaceae) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro,
Brasil. Biota Neotropica (7)1:1−31.
Gil, A.S.B, and C.P. Bove. 2004. O gênero Eleocharis R. BR. (CYPERACEAE) nos
ecossistemas aquáticos temporários da planície costeira do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Arquivos
do Museu Nacional. (62)2:131−150.
Gollin, V., R.M.F. Aguiar, F.S. Mattos, D. Silva, J.A. Silva, and M.J.B. Pereira. 2005.
Frugivoria e dispersão de Annona crassiflora por mamíferos de médio e grande porte na fazenda
Aparecida da Serra, sudoeste de Mato Grosso. Paper presented at the 3º Congresso Brasileiro de
Mastozoologia, October 12−16, in Aracruz, Brazil.
Gomes, N.A. 2000. Estrutura da comunidade de algas perifíticas no igarapé Água boa e no rio
Cauamé, Município de Boa Vista, Estado de Roraima, Brasil, ao longo de um ciclo sazonal.
PhD thes. Universidade do Amazonas - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, AM.
260 pp.
Gonzaga, L.P. 1997. Gaturamos, saíras, sanhaços e afins: Subfamília Thraupinae. In:
Ornitologia Brasileira. H. SICK, (ed). Nova Fronteira, São Paulo.
Goulding, M., M.L. Carvalho, and E.J.G. Ferreira. 1988. Rio Negro: Rich life in poor water.
SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam. 200 pp.
Gower, D.J., M. Wilkinson, E. Sherratt, and P.J. R. Kok. 2010. A new species of Rhinatrema
Duméril & Bibron (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Rhinatrematidae) from Guyana. Zootaxa
2391:47–60.
Greenpeace. 2002. Metais Pesados: Contaminando a Vida. http://www.greenpeace.org.br/
toxicos/metais.asp. (accessed 2002).
Gressler, E., M.A. Pizo, and P. C. Morellato. 2006. Polinização e dispersão de sementes em
Myrtaceae do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 29(4):509−530.
Guerin, F., G. Abril, D. Serca, C. Delon, S. Richard, R. Delams, A. Tremblay, and L. Varfalvy.
2007. Gas transfer velocities of Co2 and CH4 in a tropical reservoir and its river downstream. J.
Mar. Syst. 66: 161-172.
Guimarães, J.H. 1997. Systematic database of Diptera of the Américas south of the United
States (Family Culicidae). Plêiade; Fapesp, São Paulo. 286 pp.
Guimarães, M.A. 2003. Frugivoria por aves em Tapirira guianensis (Anacardiaceae) na zona
urbana do município de Araruama, estado do Rio de Janeiro, sudeste brasileiro. Atualidades
Ornitológicas 116:12.
Guyana Forestry Commission and Forest Resources Information Unit - GFC. 2010. Forest
concession map. Guyana Forestry Commission, Georgetown.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-13
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Guyana Forestry Commission. 2004. Guyana woods: 21 Species. Georgetown: Guyana
Forestry Commission. revised September 2004.
Guyana High Comission UK Website. Geography and Transportation. http://www.guyanahc.com/
ghclondon/id4.html. Accessed July 8, 2010.
Guyana Sugar Corporation Inc. http://www.guysuco.com (accessed July 10, 2010).
Guyana. Ministry of Agriculture. http://www.agriculture.gov.gy/ (accessed July 10, 2010).
Guzmán, A., and P.R. Stevenson. 2008. Seed dispersal, habitat selection and movement patterns
in the Amazonian tortoise, Geochelone denticulate. Amphib-Reptil. 29:463−472.
Haemig, P.D. 2008. Manakins and the plant family Melastomataceae. http://www.ecology.info/
article.aspx?cid=10&id=3 (Acessed in Feb 28, 2010).
Haffer, J. 1974. Avian speciation in tropical South America, with a systematic survey of the
toucans (Ramphastidae) and jacamars (Galbulidae). Publica. Nuttall Ornithol. Club 14:1−390.
Hall, F.C. 1980. Western forest and avian management practices. In: Management of Western
Forests and Grasslands for Nongame Birds. Department of Agriculture, USA (ed). pp. 27−37.
Forest Service General Technical Report, Salt Lake City.
Hammer, O., D.A.T. Harper, and P.D. Ryan. 2001. Past version 1.89: Palaeontological statistics
software package for education and data analysis. Paleontologia Eletrônica 4(1):1−9.
http://www.folk.uio.no/ohammer/past.
Hardman, M., L.M.M. H. Sabaj, J.W. Armbruster, and J.H. Knouft. 2002. A comparison of fish
surveys made in 1908 and 1998 of the Potaro, Essequibo, Demerara, and coastal river drainages
of Guyana. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 13(3):225−238.
Harms, K.E., S.J. Wright, O. Calderón, A. Hernández, and E.A. Herre. 2000. Pervasive densitydependent recruitment enhances seedling diversity in a tropical forest. Nature 404:493−495.
Harper, J.L. 1977. Population biology of plants. Academic Press, New York. 892 pp.
Hawkes, M. D., and J. R. D. Wall 1993. The Commonwealth and Government of Guyana Rain
Forest Programme, Phase I, site resource survey, main report. National Resources Institute,
Chatham, UK.
Heithaus, E.R., T.H. Fleming, and P.A. Opler. 1975. Foraging patterns and resource utilization
in seven species of bats in a seasonal tropical forest. Ecology 56:841−854.
Helfman, G.S. 2007. Fish conservation: A guide to understanding and restoring global aquatic
biodiversity and fishery resources. Island Press, Washington DC. 688 pp.
Hilty, S.T. 2003. Birds of Venezuela. Paperbacks, Princeton.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-14
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Hirabayashi, K., and R.S. Wotton. 1998. Organic matter processing by chironomid larvae
(Diptera: Chironomidae). Hydrobiologia 382:151−159.
Ho, S.C. 1979. Structure, species diversity and primary production of epiphytic algal
communities in the Schohsee (Holtein), West Germany. PhD. Thes. Universidade de Kiel,
Germany.
Hölldobler, B., and E.O. Wilson. 1990. The ants. Harvard University Press, Camdrigde.
Hollowell, T., and R.P. Reynolds. 2001. Checklist of the terrestrial vertebrates of the Guiana
Shield. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 13. Botanical Research Institute of
Texas, Washington, DC.
Hoogmoed, M.S. 1979. The herpetofauna of the Guianan Region. In: The South American
Herpetofauna: Its Origin, Evolution, and Dispersal. W.E. Duellman (ed). Monograph of the
Museum of Natural History 7. pp. 241−279. University of Kansas, Lawrence.
Horne, D.J., A. Cohen, and K. Artens. 2002. Taxonomy, morphology and living Ostracoda. In:
The Ostracoda: Applications in Quaternary Research. J.A. Holmes, and A.R. Chivas (ed).
Geophysical Monograph 131. pp. 5−36. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.
Horner, R.R., E.B. Welch, M.R. Seeley, and J.M. Jacoby. 1990. Responses of periphyton to
changes in current velocity, suspended sediment and phosphorus concentration. Freshwat. Biol.
24(2):215−232.
Hout, P. 1999. Reduced impact logging in the tropical rain forest of Guyana: Ecological,
economic and silvicultural consequences. Tropenbos-Guyana Series 6. Georgetown: Tropenbos
Foudantion.
Howe, H. 1984. Implications of seed dispersal by animals for tropical reserve management.
Biol. Conserv. 30:261−281.
Howe, H. 1989. Scatter- and clump-dispersal and seedling demography: Hypothesis and
implications. Oecologia 79:417−426.
Howe, H.F. 1986. Seed dispersal by fruit eating birds and mammals. In: Seed Dispersal. D.R.
Murray (ed). pp. 123−189. Academic Press, Nova York.
http://www.eclac.org/publicaciones/xml/2/34052/MDG_HealthLAC_chapter3.pdf. accessed
July 9, 2010.
http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Guyana%20SNA%20Publication% 20-%202010.pdf
(accessed July 10, 2010).
Huber, O., Ganeshwar Gharbarran, and V. Funk. 1995. Vegetation map of Guyana (preliminary
version). Georgetown: Centre for the Study of Biological Diversity, University of Guyana.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-15
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Huber-Pestalozzi, G. 1955. Das Phytoplankton des Süsswassers. Systematik und Biologie: 4.
Teil: Euglenophyceen., Stuttgart, Germany: E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung
(Nägele u. Obermiller). 606 pp.
Hueck, K. 1971. Vegetation map of South America. Map. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
Escale 1:8.000.000.
Hueck, K., and P. Seibert. 1981. Vegetationskarte von Südamerika / Mapa de la Vegetación de
America del Sur. Map. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
Hughes, L., M. Dunlop, K. French, M.R. Leishman, B. Rice, L. Rodgerson, and Westoby, M.
1994. Predicting dispersal spectra: A minimal set of hypotheses based on plant attributes. J.
Ecol. 82:933−950.
Hunziker, A.T. 1979. South American Solanaceae: A synoptic survey. In: The Biology of the
Solanaceae. J.G. Hawkes, R.N. Lester, and A.D Skelding (ed). pp. 49−86. Academic Press,
London.
Hynes, H.B.N. 1970. The ecology of running waters. 3rd. Univ. Toronto Press, Toronto.
IBGE. 1992. Manual técnico da vegetação brasileira. Manuais Técnicos em Geociências 1.
IBGE, Rio de Janeiro.
IHA. 2010. GHG measurement guidelines for freshwater reservoirs. International Hydropower
Association. 497 pp.
InfoNatura. 2007. Animals and ecosystems of Latin America: Version 5.0. Arlington:
NatureServe. http://www.natureserve.org/infonatura (Accessed July 8, 2010).
IPCC. 1990. Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Houghton, J.T., G.J. Jenkins,
and J.J. Ephraums (eds). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, U.K. and New York, NY, 881 pp.
IPCC. 1999. Prepared in collaboration with the Scientific Assessment Panel to the Montreal
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change. Cambridge University Press, U.K.
IPCC. 2006. 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Volume 4.
Agriculture, forestry and other land use. H.S. Eggleston, L. Buendia, K. Miwa, T. Ngara, and
K. Tanabe (eds). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories Programme. Houghton, J.T., G.J. Jenkins, and J.J. Ephraums (eds). Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, U.K. and New York, NY, 881 pp. Available at http://www.ipccnggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol4.html
IUCN. 2010. 2010 IUCN red list of threatened species. http://www.redlist.org (accessed 8 July,
2010). International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Iverson, J.B. 1985. Lizards as seed dispersers? J. Herpetol. 19:292−293.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-16
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Jackson, J.K., and R.W. Flowers. 2007. Appendix 6 - Macroinvertebrate diversity/ecology. In:
Measuring Watershed Health: Training Conservation Planners How to Use Biophysical Tools
for Monitoring Streams in Neotropical Ecosystems. B.W. Sweeney (ed). 6-1 to 6-18.
Unpublished report of the Stroud Water Research Center for the Gordon and Betty Moore
Foundation. Avondale, USA.
Jácomo, A.T., L. Silveira, L.J.A. Diniz-Filho. 2003. Niche separation between the maned Wolf
(Chrysocyon brachyurus), crabaeating fox, (Dusicyon thous) and the hoary fox (Dusicyon
vetulus) in the Cerrado of Central Brazil.
Janson, C.H. 1983. Adaptation of fruit morphology to dispersal agents in a neotropical forest.
Science 219:187−189.
Janzen, D.H. 1970. Herbivores and the number of tree species in a tropical forest. Am. Nat.
104:501−528.
Janzen, D.H. 1983. Dispersal of seeds by vertebrate guts. In: Coevolution. D.J. Futuyma, and
Slatkin, M. (ed).pp. 232−264. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
Jardim, M.M.A. 1997. Estratégias de forrageamento e uso do espaço por Alouatta belzebul
(Primates, Cebidae) na Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, Melgaço, Pará. PhD diss.
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
Jerozolimski, A. 2005. Ecologia de populações silvestres dos jabutis Geochelone denticulata e
G. carbonaria (Cryptodira: Testudinidae) no território da aldeia A’Ukre, TI Kayapó, sul do Pará.
PhD diss., Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Jerozolimski, A., M.B.N. Ribeiro, and M. Martins. 2009. Are tortoises important seed dispersers
in Amazonian forests? Oecologia 161:517−528.
Jesus, S., and E.L.A. Monteiro-Filho. 2007. Frugivoria por aves em Schinus terebinthifolius
(Anacardiaceae) e Myrsine coriacea (Myrsinaceae). Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia.
15(4):585−591.
Johnston, M., and M. Gillman. 1995. Tree population studies in low-diversity forests, Guyana. I.
Floristic composition and stand structure. Biodiversity Conserv. 4:339−362.
Joly, A.B. 1993. Botânica: Introdução à taxonomia vegetal. Nacional, São Paulo.
Jordano, P. 1983. Fig-seed predation and dispersal by birds. Biotropica 15:38−41.
Jordano, P. 1995. Angiosperm fleshy fruits and seed dispersers: A comparative analysis of
adaptation and constraints in plant-animal interactions. Am. Nat. 145(2):163−191.
Jordano, P. 2000. Fruits and frugivory. In: Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant
Communities. M. Fenner (ed). pp. 125−165. CABI, Wallingford.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-17
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Juarez, M.K., and J. Marinho-Filho. 2002. Diet, habitat use, and home ranges of sympatric
canids in central Brazil. J. Mammal. 83(4):925−933.
Julliot, C. 1997. Impact of seed dispersal by howler monkeys Alouatta seniculus on the seedling
population in the understorey of a tropical rain forest. J. Ecol. 85:431−440.
Junk, W.J., P.B. Bayley, and R.E. Sparks. 1989. The flood pulse concept in river-floodplain
systems. In: Proc. of the International Large River Symposium. P.D. Dodge (ed). Can. Spec.
Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 106:110−127.
Keith, P., P.-Y. Le Bail, and P. Planquette. 2000. Atlas des poissons d’eau douce de Guyane:
Batrachoidiformes, Mugiliformes, Beloniformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Synbranchiformes,
Perciformes, Pleuronectiformes, Tetraodontiformes. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle.
Kemenes, A., B.R. Forsberg and J.M. Melack. 2007. Methane release below a tropical
hydroelectric dam. Geophys. Res. Let. 34: L12809.
Institut d’Écologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité; Service du Patrimoine Naturel, Paris.
Tome 2, Fascicule 1. 288 pp.
Keller, M. and R.F. Stallard. 1994. Methane emissions by bubbling from Gaturn Lake, Panama.
J. Geophys. Res., 99 (19): 8307-8383.
Kelloff, C.L., and V. Funk. 1998. Preliminary checklist of the plants of Kaieteur National Park,
Guyana. Biological Diversity of the Guianas Program, Smithsonian Institution, Washington,
DC.
Kelloff, C.L. 2003. The use of biodiversity data in developing Kaieteur National Park, Guyana
for ecotourism and conservation. Contr. Stud. Biol. Diversity. 1:1–44.
Kelloff, C.L. 2008. Structure and diversity of a riparian forest at Kaieteur National Park,
Guyana. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas. 2(1):521−545.
Kelloff, C.L., and V.A. Funk. 2004. Phytogeography of the Kaieteur Falls, Potaro Plateau,
Guyana: Floral distributions and affinities. J. Biogeogr. 31:501−513.
Keppler, F., J.T.G. Hamilton, M. Brass, and T. Röckmann. 2006. Methane emissions from
terrestrial plants under aerobic conditions. Nature, 439 (12): 187-191.
Kissmann, K.G., and D. Groth. 1997. Plantas infestantes e nocivas. 2nd. BASF, São Bernardo
do Campo. Tomo 3.
Kobayashi, T., R.J. Shiel, P. Gibbs, and P.I. Dixon. 1998. Freshwater zooplankton in the
Hawkesbury-Nepean River: Comparison of community structure with other rivers.
Hydrobiologia 377:133−145.
Koel, T.M., and K.E. Stevenson 2002. Effects of dredge material placement on benthic
macroinvertebrates of the Illinois Rivers. Hydrobiologia (474)1-3:229−238.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-18
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Kok, P.J.R, R.D. MacCulloch, P. Gaucher, E. Poelman, G. Bourne, A. Lathrop, and G.L.
Lenglet. 2006. A new species of Colostethus (Anura, Dendrobatidae) from French Guiana with
a redescription of Colostethus beebei (Noble, 1923) from its type locality. Phyllomedusa
5(1):43−66.
Kok, P.J.R. 2005. A new genus and species of Gymnophthalmid lizard (Squamata:
Gymnophthalmidae) from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des
Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie 75:35−45.
Kok, P. J. R. 2006a. A new snake of the genus Atractus Wagler, 1828 (Reptilia: Squamata:
Colubridae) from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana, northeastern South America. Zootaxa
1378:19−35.
Kok, P.J.R. 2006b. A new species of Hypsiboas (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) from Kaieteur
National Park, eastern edge of the Pakaraima Mountains, Guyana. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal
des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Biologie 76:191−200.
Kok, P.J.R., and Ernst, R. 2007. A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae:
Allobatinae) exhibiting a novel reproductive behaviour. Zootaxa 1555:21−38.
Koopman, K.F. 1982. Biogeography of the bats of South America. In: Mammalian Biology in
South America. M.A. Mares, and H.H. Genoways (ed). pp. 273−302. University of Pittsburgh,
Linesville.
Koste, W. 1978. Rotatoria. Die Radertiere Mittleuropas. Bestimmungswerk begrundet von Max
Voit, Uberordnung Monogononta. Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin. 2 v.
Krebs, C.J. 1989. Ecologycal methodology. University of British Columbia, Harper Collins
Publishers, New York.
Krijger C.L., M. Opdam, M. Thery, and F. Bongers. 1997. Courtship behaviour of manakins and
seed bank composition in a French Guiana rain forest. J. Trop. Ecol. 13:631−636.
Krügel, M.M., and E.R. Behr. 1998. Utilização de frutos de Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi
(Anacardiaceae) por aves no Parque do Ingá, Maringá, Paraná. Biociências 6:47−56.
Kubitzki, K., and A. Ziburski. 1994. Seed dispersal in flood plain forests of Amazonia.
Biotropica 26:30−43.
Laborde D., and J.S. Guevara S. Dispersion de semillas por aves en pastizales tropicales de Los
Tuxtlas, Mexico. Paper presented at the 5º Congreso Latinoamericano de Botánica, June 24-29,
in La Habana, Cuba. 29 p.
Laison, R., J.J. Shaw, F.T. Silveira, R.R. Braga, and E. A. Ishikawa. 1990. Cutaneus
leishmaniasis of man due to Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi Laison and Shaw, 1989. Ann. Parasitol.
Hum. Comp. 65(5-6):282−284.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-19
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Lázaro Jr., A.E., and J. Rímoli. 2009. Predação e dispersão de sementes por bugios pretos
(Alouatta caraya, Primates, Atelidae) em fragmento florestal na margem esquerda do rio
Aquidauana, Anastácio, Mato Grosso do Sul. UFMS; CPAq, Campo Grande. 20 pp.
Le Bail, P.-Y., P. Keith, and P. Planquette. 2000. Atlas des poissons d’eau douce de Guyane:
Siluriformes. Paris: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle; Institut d’Écologie et de Gestion de
la Biodiversité; Service du Patrimoine Naturel. Tome 2, fascicule 2. 307 pp.
Le Treut, H., R. Somerville, U. Cubasch, Y. Ding, C. Mauritzen, A. Mokssit, T. Peterson, and
M. Prather. 2007. Historical overview of climate change. In: Climate Change. The Physical
Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M.
Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds). Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY.
Lebreton, P., and J.P. Choisy. 1991. Incidences avifaunistiques des amenagements forestieres:
substitutions Quercus/Pinus en milieu submediterraneen. Bull. Ecol. 22:213−220.
Lechner, L. 1997. Infrastructure development at Kaieteur National Park. Prepared for the World
Bank and the Government of Guyana: National Protected Areas System Guyana Project. 25.
Legendre, P., and L. Legendre. 1998. Numerical Ecology. 2nd. ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Lehman, S.M. 2002. Distribution and diversity of primates in Guyana: Species-area
relationships and riverine barriers. Int. J. Primatol. 25(1):73−95.
Levey, D.J. 1987. Seed size and fruit-handling techniques of avian frugivores. Am. Nat.
129:471−485.
Levey, D.J., T.C. Moermond, and J.S. Denslow. 1984. Fruit choice in neotropical birds: The
effect of distance between fruits on preference patterns. Ecology 65:844−850.
Levey, D.J., T.C. Moermond, and J.S. Denslow. 1994. Frugivory: An overview. In: La Selva:
Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Rain Forest. L.A. Mcdade, K.S. Bawa, H.A.
Hespenheide, and G.S. Hartshorn (ed). pp. 282−294. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Lewis, M.A. 1995. Algae and vascular plant tests. In: Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology:
Effects, Environmental Fate and Risk Assessment. G.M. Rand (ed). pp. 135−169. Taylor &
Francis, Washington, D.C.
Lewontin, R.C. 1983. The organism as the subject and object of evolution. Scientia 118:65−82.
Ligon, F.K., W.E. Dietrich, and W.J. Trush. 1995. Downstream ecological effects of dams.
BioScience 45(3):183−192.
Lim, B.K., and M.D. Engstrom. 2001a. Bat community structure at Iwokrama Forest, Guyana.
J. Trop. Ecol. 17:647−665.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-20
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Lim, B.K., and M.D. Engstrom. 2001b. Species diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in
Iwokrama Forest, Guyana, and the Guianan subregion: Implications for conservation.
Biodiversity Conserv. 10:613−657.
Link, A., and A. Di Fiore. 2006. Seed dispersal by spider monkeys and its importance in the
maintenance of neotropical rain-forest diversity. J. Trop. Ecol. 22:235−246.
Liu, H., S.G. Platt, and C.K. Borg. 2004. Seed dispersal by the Florida box turtle Terrapene
carolina bauri in pine rockland forests of the lower Florida Keys, United States. Oecologia
138:539−546.
Lobo, E., and G. Leighton. 1982. Estructuras de las fitocenosis planctônicas de los sistemas de
desembocaduras de rios y esteros de La zona central de Chile. Revista de Biología Marina. 22.
Lobova, T.A., S.A. Mori, F. Blanchard, H. Peckham, and P. Charles-Dominique. 2003.
Cecropia as a food resource for bats in French Guiana and the significance of fruit structure in
seed dispersal and longevity. Am. J. Bot. 90(3):388−403.
Loiselle, B.A., and J.G. Blake. 1990. Diets of understory fruit-eating birds in Costa Rica:
seasonality and resource abundance. Stud. Avian Biol. 13:91−103.
Lord, J.M., and Marshall, J. 2001. Correlations between growth form, habitat, and fruit color in
the New Zealand flora, with reference to frugivory by lizards. New Zealand J. Bot. 39:567−576.
Lowe, R.L., and Y. Pan. 1996. Benthic communities as biological monitors. In: Alagal Ecology:
Freshwater Benthic Ecosystems. R.J. Stevenson, M.L. Bothwell, and R.L. Lowe (ed).
pp. 705−753. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
Lowe-McConnel, R.H. 1964. The fishes of the Rupununi savanna district of British Guiana,
South America. Part I. Ecological groupings of fishes and effects of the seasonal cycle on the
fish. Zoological J. Linnean Soc. 45:103−144.
Lowe-McConnel, R.H. 1969. The cichlid fishes of Guyana, South America, with notes on their
ecology and breeding behaviour. Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 48(2):255−302.
Lynch, J.D. 2009. Snakes of the genus Oxyrhopus (Colubridae: Squamata) in Colombia:
Taxonomy and geographic variation. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 49:319−337.
MacArthur, L.B., and R.C. Whitmore. 1979. Passerine community composition and diversity in
man-altered environments. West Virginia Forest Notes. 7:1−12.
MacArthur, R.H. 1972. Geographical Ecology: Patterns in the distribution of species. Harper &
Row, New York. 269 pp.
MacCullough, R.D., A. Lathrop, P.J.R. Kok, R. Ernst, and M. Kalamandeen. 2009. The genus
Oxyrhopus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae) in Guyana: morphology, distribution and
comments on taxonomy. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 49:487−495.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-21
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Magrin, A.G.E. 1993. Aspectos limnológicos, composição e distribuição da comunidade
fitoplanctônica em um reservatório da Amazônia brasileira (Reservatório da U.H.E. de Samuel,
Estado de Rondônia), durante sua fase de enchimento. PhD diss. Universidade Federal de São
Carlos, Brazil.
Magurran, A.E. 2004. Measuring biological diversity. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. 256 pp.
Maia, L.A., L.M. Santos, and P. Parolin. 2007. Germinação de sementes de Bothriospora
corymbosa (Rubiaceae) recuperadas do trato digestório de Triportheus angulatus (sardinha) no
Lago Camaleão, Amazônia Central. Acta Amazônica. 37(3):321−326.
Marantz, C., A. Aleixo, L. Bevier and M. Patten. 2003. Family Dendrocolaptidae
(Woodcreepers). In: Handbook of the Birds of the World. J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and J. Sargatal
(ed). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. 8:358−447.
Marrelli, M.T., R.S. Malafronte, M.A. Sallum, and D. Natal. 2007. Kerteszia subgenus of
Anopheles associated with the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest: current knowlwdge and future
challenges. Malar. J. 19(6):127.
Martins, F.R. 1991. Estrutura de uma floresta mesófila. Editora da Unicamp, Campinas. 246 pp.
Martins, J.T., C.F. N. Widholzer, and R.A. Dias. 2007. Comportamento da avifauna na captura e
manipulação de frutos de Trichilia claussenii C.DC. (Meliaceae) em mata de restinga do Rio
Grande do Sul, Brasil. Paper presented at the 16º Congresso de Iniciação Científica, November
27−29, in Pelotas, Brazil.
Maruyama, P.K., E. Alves-Silva, and C. Melo. 2007. Oferta qualitativa e quantitativa de frutos
em espécies ornitocóricas do gênero Miconia (Melastomataceae). Revista Brasileira de
Biociências 5(1):672−674.
Matsumura-Tundisi et al. 1991. Limnology of Samuel Reservoir (Brazil, Rondonia) in the
filling phase. Verhandlungen Internationale Vereingung fur Theorestische und Angewandre
Limnologie 24:1482−1488.
Matthews, W.J. Patterns in freshwater fish ecology. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1998
Mazzolli, M. 2005. Avaliando integridade ambiental e predizendo extinções locais a partir de
padrões de desaparecimento da megamastofauna atual do sul do Brasil. Paper presented at the 3º
Congresso Brasileiro de Mastozoologia, March 29−April 04, Aracruz, Brazil.
McAllister, D.E., J.F. Craig, N. Davidson, S. Delany, and M. Seddon. 2001. Biodiversity
impacts of large dams. IUCN; UNEP; WCD. 49 p. Contributing Paper.
McDiarmid, R.W., and Donnelly, M.A. 2005. The herpetofauna of the Guayana highlands:
Amphibians and reptiles of the Lost World. In: Ecology and evolution in the tropics: A
herpetological perspective. M.A. Donnelly, B.I. Crother, C. Guyer, M.H. Wake, and M.E. White
(ed). 461–560. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-22
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Melão, M.G.G. 1999. Desenvolvimento e aspectos reprodutivos de cladóceros e copépodos de
águas continentais brasileiras. In: Perspectivas da Limnologia no Brasil. M. L. M. Pompêo (ed).
pp. 45-57. União, São Luís, MA. 191 pp.
Melching C. and Flores, H. 1999. Reaeration equations derived from USGS database. J. Envir.
Engr., ASCE, 125(5):407–414.
Melo, A.S., and L.U. Hepp. 2008. Ferramentas estatísticas para análises de dados provenientes
de biomonitoramento. Oecologia Brasiliensis 12:463−486.
Melo, C., E.C. Bento, and P.E. Oliveira. 2003. Frugivory and dispersal of Faramea cyanea
(Rubiaceae) in cerrado woody plant formations. Brazilian J. Biol. 63(1):75−82.
Mérona, B. 2005. Le fleuve, le barrage et les poisons: Le Sinnamary et le barrage de Petit-Saut
en Guyane Française (1989-2002). IRD Editions; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement,
Paris. 135 pp.
Merrill, T. 1992. Guyana: A country study. GPO for the Library of Congress, Washington.
http://countrystudies.us/guyana/ (accessed June 28, 2010).
Merritt, R.W., and K.W. Cummins. 1996. An introduction to the aquatic insects of North
America. Kendall; Hunt Publication Co, Dubuque, Iowa.
Milensky, C.M., H. Wiltshire, A. Aleixo, and M.F.C. Lima. 2005. Birds. In: Checklist of the
Terrestrial Vertebrates of the Guiana Shield. T. Hollowell, and R.P. Reynolds (ed). Bull. Biol.
Soc. WA 13:43−73.
Miller, S.D., M.L. Goulden, M.C. Menton, H.R. da Rocha, H.C. de Freitas, A.M.S. Figueira,
and C.A.D. de Soursa. 2004. Biometric and micrometeorological measurements of tropical
forest carbon balance. Ecological Applications, 14: 114-126.
Ministry-of-Amerindian-Affairs (no date). Amerindian villages, population and captains for the
ten administrative regions. Communications and Regional Development: 9. Ministry of Public
Works, Georgetown, Guyana.
Minshall, G.W. 1984. Aquatic insect-substratum relationships. In: The Ecology of Aquatic
Insects. V.H. Resh, and D.M. Rosenberg (ed). pp. 358−400. Praeger, New York.
Mitchell, C.J., and O.P. Forattini. 1984. Experimental transmission of Rocio enchephalitis vírus
by Aedes scapularis (Diptera: Culicidae) from the epidemic zone in Brazil. J. Med. Entomol.
21(1):34−37.
Mol, J.H., B. Mérona, P.E. Ouboter, and S. Sahdew. 2007. The fish fauna of Brokopondo
Reservoir, Suriname, during 40 years of impoundment. Neotropical Ichthyol. 5(3):351−368.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-23
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Mol, J.H., K.W.T. You, I. Vrede, A. Flynn, P. Ouboter, and F. van der Lugt. 2007. Fishes of
Lely and Nassau Mountains, Suriname. In: A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Lely and
Nassau Plateaus, Suriname (with additional information on the Brownsberg Plateau). L.E.
Alonso, and J.H. Mol (ed). pp. 107−118. Rapid Assessment Program/Bulletin of Biological
Assessment 43. Conservation International, Washington DC.
Mol, J.H., P. Willink, B. Chernoff, and M. Cooperman. 2006. Fishes of the Coppename River,
Central Suriname Nature Reserve, Suriname. In: A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Aquatic
Ecosystems of the Coppename River Basin, Suriname. L.E. Alonso, and H.J. Berrestein. (ed).
pp. 67−79. Rapid Assessment Program/Bulletin of Biological Assessment 39. Conservation
International, Washington DC.
Moll, D., and K.P. Jansen. 1995. Evidence for a role in seed dispersal by two tropical
herbivorous turtles. Biotropica 27:121−127.
Mondet, B., P.F. Vasconcelos, A.P. Travassos da Rosa, E.S. Travassos da Rosa, S.G. Rodrigues,
J.F. Travassos Rosa, and D.J. Bicout. 2002. Isolation of yellow fever virus from nulliparous
Haemagogus (Haemagogus) janthinomys in eastern Amazonia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis.
2(1):47−50.
Montanholi-Martins, M.C., and A.L. Takeda. 2001. Spatial and temporal variations of
oligochaetes of the Ivinhema river and Patos Lake in the Upper Paraná River Basin, Brazil.
Hydrobiologia 463:197−2005.
Moore, P.D. 2001. The guts of seed dispersal. Nature 414:406−407.
Moschini-Carlos, V., M.L. Pompêo, and R. Henry. 1999. Dinâmica da comunidade perifítica na
zona de desembocadura do rio Paranapanema, represa de Jurumirim, SP. In: Ecologia de
reservatórios: Estrutura, função e aspectos sociais. R. Henry (Ed). pp. 711−734. Fapesp;
Fundibio, Botucatu.
Motta-Junior, J.C., J.A. Lombardi, and S.A. Talamoni. 1994. Notes on crab-eating fox
(Dusicyon thous): Seed dispersal and food habits in southeastern Brazil. Mammalia
58(1):156−159.
Mueller-Dombois, D., H. Ellenberg. 1974. Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. John
Willey & Sons, New York.
Murillo, C.B, R.V. Astaiza, and P.O. Fajardo. 1988. Biologia de Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai D
& K., 1912 (Diptera: Culicidae) em la Costa Pacifica de Colômbia. Rev. Saúde Pública.
22(2):94−100.
Myers, C.W., and M.A. Donnelly. 1996. A new herpetofauna from Cerro Yaví, Venezuela: First
results of the Robert G. Goelet American Museum–Terramar Expedition to the northwestern
tepuis. Am. Museum Novitates 3172:1−56.
Nasci, R.S. 1981. A light weight batterypowered aspirator for collecting resting mosquitoes in
the field. Mosq. News. 41:808−811.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-24
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Nathan, M.B., E.S. Tikasingh, and P. Munroe. 1982. Filariasis in Amerindians of western
Guyana with observations on transmission of Mansonella ozzard by Simulium species of the
amazonicum group. Tropenmed Parasitol. 33(4):219−222.
National Bureau of Statistics. 2010. Guyana System of National Accounts. Bureau of Statistics,
March 2010.
National Bureau of Statistics. 2002. Population & Housing Census 2002 - Guyana National
Report. http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/census.html#popcenfinal. (accessed June 21, 2010.)
National Bureau of Statistics. Statistical Bulletin. http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/
nataccts.html#statsbull (accessed July 10, 2010).
Naves, R.V., J.X. Almeida Neto, M.R. Rocha. 1995. Determinação de características físicas em
frutos e teor de nutrientes, em folhas e no solo, de três espécies frutíferas de ocorrência natural
nos cerrados de Goiás. Escola de Agronomia e Veterinária 2(25):107−114.
Nemeth, R.S. 1998. The effect of natural variation in substrate architecture on the survival of
juvenile bicolor damselfish. Environ. Biol. Fishes 53:129−141.
Neville, M.K., K.E. Glander, F. Braza, and A.B. Rulands. 1988. The howling monkeys, genus
Alouatta. In: Ecology and Behavior of Neotropical Primates. Mittermeier, R.A., A. B. Rylands,
A.F. Coimbra-Filho, and G.B. Fonseca (ed). pp. 349−453. World Wildlife Foundation,
Washington, DC.
Nogales, M.,J.D. Delgado, and Medina F.M. 1998. Shrikes, lizards and Lycium intricatum
(Solanaceae) fruits: A case of indirect seed dispersal on oceanic island (Alegranza, Canary
lslands). J. Ecol. 86:866−871.
Norconk, M.A., B.W. Grafton, and N.L. Conklin-Brittain. 1998. Seed dispersal by neotropical
seed predators. Am. J. Primatol. 45:103−126.
Nunes, A. 1998. Diet and feeding ecology of Ateles belzebuth belzebuth at Maraca Ecological
Station, Roraima, Brazil. Folia Primatologica 69:61−76.
O’Shea, B.J., C.M. Milensky, S. Claramunt, B.K. Schmidt, C.A. Gebhard, C.G. Schmitt, and
K.T. Erskine. 2007. New records for Guyana, with description of the voice of Roraiman
Nightjar (Caprimulgus whitelyi). Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club 127:118−127.
Odum, E.P. 1983. Ecologia. Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro. 434 pp.
Odum, E.P. 1985. Ecologia. Interamericana, Rio de Janeiro. 434 pp.
Olesen, J.M., and Valido A. 2003. Lizards as pollinators and seed dispersers: an island
phenomenon. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18:177−181.
Oliveira, A.A., and S. A. Mori. 1999. A Central Amazonian terra firme forest. I. High tree
species richness on poor soils. Biodiversity Conserv. 8:1219−1244.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-25
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Oliveira, A.N., and Amaral, I.L. 2004. Florística e fitossociologia de uma Floresta de Vertente
na Amazônia Central, Amazonas, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 34(1):21−34.
Oliveira, M.M.A. 1999. Frugivoria por aves em um fragmento de floresta de restinga no estado
do Espírito Santo, Brasil. PhD thes., Universidade Estadual de Campinas,Brazil. 153 pp.
Oriani, A., V.L. Scatena, P.T. Sano. 2005. Anatomia das folhas, brácteas e escapos de
Actinocephalus (Koern.). Revista Brasil. Bot. 28(2):229−240.
Orihel, T.C. 1967. Infections with Dipetalonema perstans and Mansonella ozzardi in the
aboriginal Indians of Guyana. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 16(5):628−635.
Pace, M.L., E.G. Stuart, and D. Lints. 1992. Zooplankton in advective environments. The
Hudson River community and a comparative analysis. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49:1060−1069.
Pack, K.S., O. Henry, and D. Sabatier. 1996. The insectivorous-frugivorous diet of the Goldenhanded Tamarin (Saguinus midas midas) in French Guiana. Folia Primatologica 70:1−7.
Paggi, J.C., and S. José De Paggi. 1990. Zooplâncton de ambientes lóticos e lênticos do Rio
Paraná Médio. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 3:685−719.
Pancho, J.V., and M. Soerjani. 1978. Aquatic weeds of southeast Asia: A systematic account of
common southeast Asian aquatic weeds. University of the Philippines at Los Banos College,
Laguna, and SEAMEO Regional Centre for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia. 130 pp.
Panitz, C.M.N. 1980. Estudo comparativo do perifíton em diferentes substratos artificiais na
represa do Lobo (Broa), São Carlos, SP. PhD diss. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil.
Parker, H.W. 1935. The frogs, lizards, and snakes of British Guiana. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
100(3):505−530.
Parker, T.A., R.B. Foster, L.H. Emmons, P. Freed, A.B. Forsyth, B. Hoffman, and B. D. Gill.
1993. A biological assessment of the Kanuku Mountain region of southwestern Guyana. RAP
Working Papers 5. Conservation International, Washington, DC.
Parra, O.O., M. Gonçales, V. Dellarossa, P. Riviera, and M. Orellana. 1982. Manual taxonomico
del fitoplancton de aguascontinentales, con referencia al plancton de Chile. IV.
Bacillariophyceae. Ed. Universidad de Concepción, Concepción.
Pennington, T.D. 1993. The Commonwealth and Government of Guyana Rain Forest
Programme, Phase I, site resource survey, botanical studies. Natural Resources Institute,
Chatham, UK.
Peracchi, A.L., I.P. Lima, N.R. Reis, M.R. Nogueira, and H. Ortencio Filho. 2006. Ordem
Chiroptera. In: Mamíferos do Brasil. N.R. Reis, A.L. Peracchi, W.A. Pedro, and I.P. Lima (Ed).
Ed. Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-26
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Peres, C.A., and H. Nascimento. 2006. Impact of game hunting by the Kayapo of south-eastern
Amazonia: implications for wildlife conservation in tropical forest indigenous reserves.
Biodiversity Conserv. 15:2627−2653.
Peretyazhko, T.; P. Van Cappellen, C. Meile, M. Coquery, M. Musso, P. Regnier and L. Charlet
(2005) Biogeochemistry of Major Redox Elements and Mercury in A Tropical Reservoir Lake
(Petit Saut, French Guiana). Aquat. Geochem. 11:33–55.
Pielou, E.C. 1975. Ecological diversity. Willey-Interscience, New York. 165 pp.
Pinto, C.S., E.U. Confalonieri, and B.M. Mascarenhas. 2009. Ecology of Haemagogus sp. and
Sabethes sp. (Diptera: Culicidae) in relation to the microclimates of the Caxiuanã National
Forest, Pará, Bazeil. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 104(4):592−598.
Pires, J.M. 1976. Aspectos ecológicos da floresta amazônica. Paper presented at the 2nd
Congresso Brasileiro de Florestas Tropicais, July 18−24, Mossoró, in Brazil.
Pires-O’Brien, M.J., and O’Brien, C.M. 1995. Ecologia e modelamento de florestas tropicais.
Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias do Pará, Belém.
Pizo, M.A. 1997. Seed dispersal and predation in two populations of Cabralea canjerana
(Meliaceae) in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. J. Trop. Ecol. 13:559−578.
Pizo, M.A., and I. Simão. 2001. Seed deposition patterns and the survival of seeds and seedlings
of the palm Euterpe edulis. Acta Oecologica 22:229−233.
Planquette, P., P. Keith, and P.-Y. Le Bail. 1996. Atlas des poissons d’eau douce de Guyane.
Paris: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle; Institut d’Écologie et de Gestion de la
Biodiversité; Service du Patrimoine Naturel. Tome 1. 430 pp.
Pompêo, M.L., and V. Moschini-Carlos. 2003. Macrófitas aquáticas e perifíton: Aspectos
ecológicos e metodológicos. Rima, São Carlos.
Ponton, D. and P. Vauchel. 1998. Immediate downstream effects of the Petit-Sauton young
neotropical fish in a large tributary to the Sinnamary River (french Guiana, South America).
Regulated Rivers: Research and Management. 14:227-243.
Pott, V.J., and A. Pott. 2000. Plantas aquáticas do Pantanal. Embrapa, Campo Grande, MT.
Pourriot, R. 1996. Rotifers from Petit Saut reservoir (french Guyana), with the description of a
new taxon. Hydrobiologia 331:43–52.
Pourriot, R. 1997. Filinia (Rotifera, Monogononta) populations in French Guyana: F.
novaezealandiae, F. saltator, with remarks on the variability of some characters. Arch.
Hydrobiologie 139:563−575.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-27
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Presswell, B., S.H. Weitzman, and T. Bergquist. 2000. Skiotocharax meizon, a new genus and
species of fish from Guyana with a discusssion of its relationships (Characiformes:
Crenuchidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 11(2):175−192.
Ragusa-Netto, J. 2006. Abundance and frugivory of the toco toucan (Ramphastos toco) in a
gallery forest in Brazil's Southern Pantanal. Brazilian J. Biol. 66(1a):133−142.
Rambajan I. 1984. Reappearance of Anopheles darlingi root and vivax malaria in a controlled
area of Guyana, South America. Trop. Geogr. Med. 36(1):61−66.
Rambajan, I. 1994. Highly prevalent falciparum malaria in north west Guyana: its development
history and control problems. Bull. Pan. Am. Health Organ. 28(3):193−201.
Rand, A.S. 1978. Reptilian arboreal folivores. In: The Ecology of Arboreal Folivores. G.G.
Montgomery (ed). pp. 115−122. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
Remsen, J.V., C.D. Cadena Jr., A. Jaramillo, M. Nores, J.F. Pacheco, M.B. Robbins, T.S.
Schulenberg, F.G. Stiles, D.F. Stotz, and K.J. Zimmer. 2010. A classification of the bird species
of South America. American Ornithologists' Union. http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/
SACCBaseline.html (accessed July 8, 2010).
Reynaud, P.A. 1998. Changes in understory avifauna along the Sinnamary River (French
Guyana, South America). Ornitologia Neotropical 9:51−70.
Rice, S.P., M.T. Greenwood, and C.B. Joyce. 2001. Tributaries, sediment sources and the
longitudinal organization of macroinvertebrate fauna along river systems. Can. J. Fish. Aquat.
Sci. 58:824−840.
Rick, C.M., and R.I. Bowman. 1961. Galapagos tomatoes and tortoises. Evolution 15:407−417.
Ridgely, R.S., and G. Tudor. 1989. The oscines passerines. Vol. 1 of The Birds of South
America. University of Texas Press, Austin.
Ridgely, R.S., and G. Tudor. 1994. The suboscine passerines. Vol. 2 of The Birds of South
America. University of Texas Press, Austin.
Ridgely, R.S., and D.J. Agro .1997. Preliminary list of the birds in the Iwokrama Forest.
http://sapphire/acnatsci.org/ornith/iwok- list.html.
Ridgely, R.S., D. Agro, and L. Joseph. 2005. Birds of Iwokrama Forest. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
154:109−121.
Robbins, M.B., M.J. Braun, and D.W. Finch. 2004. Avifauna of the Guyana southern Rupununi,
with comparisons to other savannas of northern South America. Ornitología Neotropical
15:173−200.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-28
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Robbins, M.B., M.J. Braun, C.M. Milensky, B.K. Schmidt, W. Prince, N.H. Rice, D.W. Finch,
and B.J. O’Shea. 2007. Avifauna of the Upper Essequibo River and Acary Mountains, Southern
Guyana, with comparisons to other Guianan Shield sites. Ornitología Neotropical 18:339−368.
Roberts, T.R. 2004. Fluvicide: an independent environmental assessment of Nam Theun 2
hydropower project in Laos, with particular reference to aquatic biology and fishes. Bangkok.
http://www.internationalrivers.org/en/southeast-asia/laos/nam-theun-/fluvicide-independentenvironmental-assessment-nam-theun-2-hydropowe.
Rodrigues, F.H.G. 2002. Biologia e conservação do lobo-guará na Estação Ecológica de Águas
Emendadas, DF. PhD thes., Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil.
Rosa, L.P. and R. Schaeffer. 1994. Greenhouse gas emissions from hydroelectric reservoirs.
Ambio 23: 164-165.
Rosa, L.P., M.A. dos Santos, B. Matvienko, E.Sikar, R.S.M. Lourenco and C.F. Menezes. 2003.
Biogenic gas production from major Amazon reservoirs, Brazil. Hydrol. Process. 17: 14431450.
Rougier, C., R. Pourriot, T. Lam-Hoai, and D. Guiral. 2005. Ecological patterns of the rotifer
communities in the kaw river estuary (French Guiana). Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 63:83−91.
Round, F.E. 1964. The ecology of benthic algae. In: Algae and man. P.F. Jackson. pp. 138−184.
Plenum, New York.
Round, F.E. 1965. The biology of the algae. Edward Arnold, London. 269 pp.
Round, F.E. 1991. Diatoms in river watermonitoring studies. J. Appl Phycol. 3:129−145.
Roze, J.A. 1958a. Los reptiles del Auyantepui, Venezuela, basàndose en las colecciones de las
expediciones de Phelps-Tate, del American Museum of Natural History, 1937−1938, y de la
Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1956. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 2:243−270.
Roze, J.A. 1958b. Los reptiles del Chimantá Tepui (Estado Bolivar, Venezuela) colectados por
la expedición botánica del Chicago Natural History Museum. Acta Biologica Venezuelica
2:299−314.
Sáez, E., and A. Traveset. 1995. Fruit and nectar feeding by Podarcis lilfordi (Lacertidae) on
Cabrera Archipelago (Balearic Islands). Herpetol. Rev. 26:121−123.
Saint-Paul, U., J.A. Zuanon, M.A. Villacorta, M. Garcia, N.N. Fabré, U. Berger, and W.J. Junk.
2000. Fish communities in central Amazonian white- and blackwater floodplains. Environ. Biol.
Fishes. 57:235−250.
Sanquetta, C.R., A. Figueiredo Filho, L.B. Schaaf, F. Galvão, and S.J. Longhi. 2006.
Modificações florístico-estruturais de um remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana
no período entre 1979 e 2000. Ciência Florestal 16(3):271−291.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-29
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Santana, C.D., and R.P. Vari. 2009. The South American electric fish genus Platyurosternarchus
(Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae). Copeia 2:233−244.
Santos, M.A. L.P. Rosa, B. Sikar, E. Sikar and E.D. dos Santos. 2006. Gross greenhouse gas
emissions from hydro-power reservoir compared to thermo-powered plants. Energy Policy, 34:
481-488.
Santos-Wisniewski, M.J., O. Rocha, A.M. Güntzel, and T. Matsumura-Tundisi. 2002. Cladocera
Chydoridae of high altitude water bodies (Serra da Mantiqueira), in Brazil. Brazilian J. Biol.
62:681−687.
Schaefer, S.A., and F. Provenzano. 2008. The Lithogeninae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae):
anatomy, interrelationships, and description of a new species. American Museum Novitates.
3637. 49 pp.
Schupp, E.W. 1993. Quantity, quality and the effectiveness of seed dispersal by animals. In:
Frugivory and Seed Dispersal: Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects. T. H. Fleming, and A.
Estrada (ed). pp. 15−29. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
Schupp, E.W., T. Milleron, and S. Russo. 2002. Dissemination limitation and the origin and
maintenance species-rich tropical forests. In: Seed Dispersal and Frugivory: Ecology, Evolution
and Conservation. D. J. Levey, W.R. Silva, and M. Galleti (ed). pp. 19−33. CABI, New York.
Segers, H. 1996. The biogeography of littoral Lecane Rotifera. Hydrobiologia 323:169−197.
Segers, H., and R. Pourriot. 1997. On a new and puzzling American rotifer (Rotifera,
Monogononta, Lecanidae). J. Natur. Hist. 31:383−388.
Señaris, J.C., and R. MacCulloch. 2005. Amphibians. In: Checklist of the Terrestrial Vertebrates
of the Guiana Shield. T. Hollowell, and R.P. Reynolds. (ed). Bull. Biol. Soc. WA. 13:9−23.
Service MW. 1993. Mosquito ecology: Field sampling method. 2nd. Applied Science
Publication, London.
Shanahan, M; S. So, S. G. Compton and R. Corlett. 2001. Fig-eating by vertebrate frugivores: a
global review. Biol. Rev. 76:529–572.
Shannon, C.E., and W. Wienner. 1963. The mathematical theory of communication. University
of Illinois, Urbana. 173 pp.
Shannon, R. 1939. Methods for collecting and feeding mosquitos in jungle yellow fever studies.
Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 19:131−140.
Shelley, A.J., L.M. Hernández, and J.B. Davies. 2004. Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of
Southern Guyana with keys for the identification of adults and pupae - a review. Mem. Inst.
Oswaldo Cruz 99(5):443−470.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-30
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Sibley, C.G., and B.L. Monroe Jr. 1990. Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world. Yale
University Press, New Haven.
Sick, H. 1997. Ornitologia Brasileira. Revised and expanded version by J. F. Pacheco. Nova
Fronteira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. 862 pp.
Sigrist, T. 2006. Aves do Brasil: Uma visão artística. Nova Fronteira, Rio de Janeiro. 672 pp.
Sikar, E., M.A. Santos, B. Matvienko, M.B. Silva, C.H. Rocha, E. Santos, A.P. Bentes Jr., and
L.P. Rosa. 2005. Greenhouse gases and inital findings on teh carbon circulation in two
reservoirs and their watersheds. Verh. Intert. Verein. Limnol. 29: 573-576.
Silva, J.M.C., A.B. Rylands, and G.A.B. Fonseca. 2005. The fate of the Amazonian areas of
endemism. Conserv. Biol. 19:689−694.
Sirivanakarn, S. 1982. A review of the systematics and a proposed scheme of international
classification of the subgenus Melanoconion of the Culex (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito
System. 14(4):265−333.
Smirnov, N.N. 1996. Cladocera: the Chydorinae and Sayciinae (Chydoridae) of the World.
Guides to the identification of the microinvertebrates of the continental waters of the world, 11.
SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam. 197 pp.
Smit, B., and H. Spaling. 1995. Methods for cumulative effects assessment. In.: Environ. Impact
Assess. Rev. 15(1):81−106.
Snow, D.W. 1965. A possible selective factor in the evolution of fruiting seasons in tropical
forest. Oikos 15:274−281.
Snyder, D.E. 1966. The birds of Guyana. Peabody Museum, Salem.
Soares, J.J. 1981. Estudos sobre biomassa e produtividade do perifíton em macrófitas aquáticas
na represa do Lobo (Broa), SP. PhD thes. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil.
Sobrevilla, C., and P. Bath. 1992. Evaluación Ecológica Rápida: Un manual para usuarios de
América Latina y el Caribe. Arlington, VA: The Nature Conservancy, Latin American Science
Program. Preliminary Edition. https://learning.conservation.org/biosurvey/RAP/Toolkit/Pages/
default.aspx (accessed February 2010).
Sonkarley, T.B., and M. Phil. 2006. Population Projections - Guyana 2005 - 2025. Georgetown,
Guyana: Bureau of Statistics. http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Guyana_Population_
Projections_2005-2025.pdf (accessed June 21, 2010)
Sousa, L. 1999. Química da Água II: A Dureza. Boletim da Associação Portuguesa de Killifilia.
1(2).
Southwood, T.R E. 1978. Ecological methods. 2nd. Chapman and Hall, London.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-31
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Souza, A.L., H.G. Leite. 1993. Regulação da produção em florestas ineqüiâneas. UFV, Viçosa.
147 pp.
Souza, L.L. 1999. Comportamento alimentar e dispersão de sementes por guaribas (Alouatta
belzebul) na Estação Científica Ferreira Penna (Caxiuanã/Melgaço/ Pará). PhD diss.,
Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil. 168 pp.
Steege, H.V.G. Jetten, A.M. Polak, and M.J.A. Werger. 1993. Tropical rain forest types and soil
factors in a watershed area in Guyana. J. Vegeta. Sci. 4(5):705−716.
Steege, H. 1998. The use of forest inventory data for a National Protected Area Strategy in
Guyana. Biodiversity Conserv. 7:1457−1483.
Steege, H. 2001. National begetation map of Guyana. Guyana Forestry Commission,
Georgetown.
Steege, H., and D.S. Hammond. 2001. Character convergence, diversity, and disturbance in
tropical rain forest in Guyana. Ecology 82:3197−3212.
Steege, H., and G. Zondervan. 2000. A preliminary analysis of large-scale forest inventory data
of the Guiana shield: forest inventories in the Guiana Shield. In: Plant Diversity in Guyana:
Implication for National Protected Areas. H. ter Steege (ed). pp. 35−54. Tropenbos Series 18.
Tropenbos Foundation, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Steege, H., D. Sabatier, H. Castellanos, T. Andel, J. Duivenvoorden, A.A. Oliveira, R. Ek, R.
Lilwah, P. Maas, and S. Mori. 2000. An analysis of the floristic composition and diversity of
Amazonian forests including those of the Guiana Shield. J. Trop. Ecol. 16:801−828.
Stevenson, P.R. 2002. Frugivory and seed dispersal by wooly monkeys at Tinigua National
Park, Colombia. PhD. thes., State University of New York at Stony Brook.
Stiles, F.G., and L. Rosselli. 1993. Consumption of fruits of the Melastomataceae by birds How diffuse is coevolution? Vegetation 108:57−73.
Stotz, D.F., J.W. Fitzpatrick, T.A. Parker III, and D.K. Moskovits. 1996. Neotropical birds:
Ecology and conservation. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 478 pp.
Stouffer, P.C., and R.O. Bierregaard Jr. 1995. Use of Amazonian forest fragments by understory
insectivorous birds. Ecology 76(8):2429−2445.
Strong, J.N., and J.M.V. Fragoso. 2006. Seed dispersal by Geochelone carbonaria and G.
denticulata in northwestern Brazil. Biotropica 38(5):683−686.
Sudia, W.D., and R.W. Chanberlain. 1962. Battery-operated light trap, an improved model.
Mosq. News 22:126−129.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-32
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Synergy Holdings Inc. and Harza International Development Company LLC. 2002. Final
environmental impact assessment report - Amaila Falls Hydroelectric Project. Georgetown:
Ground Structures Engineering Consultants Inc. Technical Report.
Takeda, A.M., G.Y. Shimizu, and J. Higutti. 1997. Variações espaço-temporais da comunidade
zoobentônica. In: A planície inundação do alto rio Paraná: Aspectos físicos, biológicos e
socioeconômicos. A.E.A.M. Vazzoler, A.A. Agostinho, and N.S. Hahn (ed). pp. 157−177.
Eduem, Maringá.
Taphorn, D.C., H. López-Fernández, and C.R. Bernard. 2008. Apareiodon agmatos, a new
species from the upper Mazaruni river, Guyana (Teleostei: Characiformes: Parodontidae).
Zootaxa 1925:31−38.
Tate, G.H.H. 1939. The mammals of the Guiana Region. Bull. Am. Museum Natur. Hist.
76(5):151−229.
Terborgh, J. 1986. Community aspects of frugivory in tropical forests. In: Frugivores and Seed
Dispersal. A. Estrada, and T. H. Fleming (ed). pp. 371−384. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht.
Terborgh, J. 1990. Seed and fruit dispersal. In: Reproductive Ecology of Tropical Forest Plants.
K.S. Bawa, and M. Hadley (ed). pp. 181−190. The Pathernon Publishing Group, Paris.
Théry, M. 1990. Display repertoire and social organization of the white-fronted and whitethroated manakins. Wilson Bull. 102:123−130.
Tófoli, C. 2006. Frugivoria e dispersão de sementes por Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) na
paisagem fragmentada do Pontal do Paranapanema São Paulo. PhD diss., Universidade de São
Paulo, Brazil.
Tófoli, C., P. Medici, and C. Valladares-Pádua. 2007. Frugivoria e dispersão de sementes por
Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) na paisagem fragmentada do Pontal do Paranapanema, São
Paulo. Paper presented at the 8º Congresso de Ecologia do Brasil, September 23−28, in
Caxambu, Brazil.
Traveset, A. 1990. Ctenosaura similis. Gray (Iguanidae) as a seed disperser in a Central
American deciduous forest. Am. Midl. Nat. 123:402−404.
Traveset, A. 1995. Seed dispersal of Cneorum tricoccon L. (Cneoraceae) by lizards and
mammals in the Balearic Islands. Acta Oecologica 16:171−178.
Trevisan, R. 2005. O gênero Eleocharis R. Br. (Cyperaceae) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ph.D
diss. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Trivinho-Strixino, S., and G. Strixino. 1995. Larvas de Chironomidae (Diptera) do Estado de
São Paulo: Guia de identificação e diagnose dos gêneros. PPG-ERN; UFSCar, São Carlos.
Tundisi, J.G. 1990. Distribuição especial, sequencia temporal e ciclo sazonal do fitoplâncton em
represas: Fatores limitantes e controladores. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 50:937−955.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-33
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Tundisi, J.G., and M.T. Tundisi. 2008. Limnologia. Oficina de textos, São Paulo.
Tundisi, J.G., M.T. Tundisi, D.S. Abe, O. Rocha, and F. Starling. 2006. Limnologia de águas
interiores: Impactos, conservação e recuperação de ecossistemas aquáticos. In: Águas doces no
Brasil. A.C. Rebouças, B. Braga, and J.G. Tundisi (ed). pp. 203−240. Escrituras, São Paulo.
Turell, M.J., D.J. Dohm, R. Fernandez, C. Calampa, and M.L. O’Guinn. 2006. Vector
competence of Peruvian mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for a subtype IIIC virus in the
Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis complex isolated form mosquitoes captured in Peru. J.
Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 22(1):70−75.
U.S. EPA 1986. Quality criteria for water 1986. Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
EPA 440/5-86-001. Washington, D.C.
Unesco. 1980. Vegetation map of South America and vegetation map of South America
explanatory notes. Map: scale 1:5,000,000. http://gcmd.nasa.gov/records/
GCMD_GNVd0150_104.html. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization,
Paris.
Unesco. 1981. Carte de la végétation d’Amérique du Sud. United Nations Education, Scientific
and Cultural Organization, Paris.
Unesco/IHA. 2009. Measurement of specification guidance for evaluating the GHG status of
man-made freshwater reservoirs. Edition 1, June 4, 2009.
Utermöhl, H. 1958. Zur vervolkomnung der quatitativen phytoplankton: methodik. Mitteilungen
Internationale Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 9:1−38.
Valido, A., and M. Nogales. 1994. Frugivory and seeds dispersal by the lizard Gallotia galloti
(Lacertidae) in a xeric habitat of the Canary lslands. Oikos 70:403−411.
Van Der Heide, J. 1982. Lake Brokopondo: Filling phase limnology of a man-made lake in the
humid tropics. Alblasserdam: Offsetdrukkerij Kanters B.V.
Van der Pijl, L. 1982. Principles of dispersal in higher plants. 2nd ed. Springer, New York.
161 pp.
Vannote, R.L., G.W. Minshal, K.W. Cummins, J.R. Sedell, and C.E. Cushing. 1980. The river
continuum concept. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37:130−137.
VanThiel, V.P.P., T. Gool, P.A. Kager, and A. Bart. 2010. First cases of cutaneus lishmaniasis
caused by Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi infection in Surinam. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
82(4):588−590.
Varella, R.O., and E.H. Bucher. 2002. Seed dispersal by Chelonoidis chilensis in the Chaco dry
woodland of Argentina. J. Herpetol. 36:137−140.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-34
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Vari, R.P., C.J. Ferraris, Jr., A. Radosavjevic, and V.A. Funk. 2009. Checklist of the freshwater
fishes of the Guyana shield. Bull. Biol. Soc. WA 17. Botanical Research Institute of Texas,
Washington, DC. 95 pp.
Vasconcelos, L.A.S., and J.C. Motta Jr. 1989. A importância das síndromes de dispersão para a
reconstituição de matas ciliares. Paper presented at the Simpósio sobre Mata Ciliar, in São
Paulo, Brazil. 48 pp.
Vázquez-Yanes, C., A. Orozco, G. François, and L. Trejo. 1975. Observations on seed dispersal
by bats in a Tropical Humid Region in Veracruz, México. Biotropica 7:73−76.
Vidoti, E.C., and M.C. E. Rollemberg. 2004. Algas: da economia nos ambientes aquáticos à
bioremediação e à química analítica. Química Nova 27(1):139−145.
Vieira, L.A., and R.L. Teixeira. 2008. Diet of Athene cunicularia (Molina, 1782) from a sandy
coastal plain in southeast Brazil. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão 23:514.
Vitt, L.J., P.A. Zani, J.P. Caldwell, M.C. Araujo, and W.E. Magnusson. 1997. Ecology of
whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus) in the Amazon region of Brazil. Copeia 4:745−757.
Vogel, S. 1969. Chiropterophilie in der neotropischen. Flora 158:185−350.
Vogt, R.C., and S.G. Guzman. 1988. Food partitioning in a Neotropical freshwater turtle
community. Copeia 1:37−47.
Wang, B.C., and T.B. Smith. 2002. Closing the seed dispersal loop. Trends Ecol. Evol.
17:379−385.
Ward, J.V., and J.A. Stanford. 1995. The serial discontinuity concept: extending the model to
floodplain rivers. Reg. Rivers Res. Manage. 10(2-4):159−168.
Watkins, G., et al. 2001. Ichthyofauna of the Iwokrama Forest. http://www.iwokrama.org/
wildlife/ichthyofauna_of_ the_Iwokrama_forest_.pdf.
Watkins, G., W. Saul, E. Holm, C. Watson, D. Arjoon, and J. Bicknell. 2004. The fish fauna of
the Iwokrama Forest. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 154:39−53.
Weber, C.I. 1973. Plankton. In: Biological Field and Laboratory Methods for Measuring the
Quality of Surface Water and Effluents. C.I. Weber (ed). pp. 1−17. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Werner, E.E. Species interactions in freshwater fish communities. In: Diamond, J.; Case, T.J.
(ed.). Community Ecology. New York: Harper and How, 1986. p.344-358
Wetzel, R.G. 1983. Recommendations for future research on periphyton. In: Periphyton of
Freshwater Ecosystems. R.G. Wetzel (ed). pp. 339−346. Developments in Hydrobiology 17.
Dr. W. Junk, The Hague.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-35
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Wetzel, R.G. 1983. Limnologia. Fundação Calouste Gulbekian, Lisboa. 912 pp.
Wetzel, R.G. 1983. Opening remarks. In: Periphyton offreshwater ecosystems. R.G. Wetzel
(ed). pp. 3−4. Developments in Hidrobiology 17. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague.
Wetzel, R.G. 1990. Land-water interfaces: Metabolic and limnological regulators. Verh. Int.
Ver. Limnol. 24:6−24.
Wetzel, R.G. 1993. Limnologia. Omega, Barcelona. 679 pp.
Whitaker, A.H. 1987. The roles of lizards in New Zealand plant reproductive strategies. New
Zealand J. Bot. 25:315−328.
Whiting, M.J., and J.M. Greeff. 1997. Facultative frugivory in the cape flat lizard Platysaurus
capensis (Sauria: Cordylidae). Copeia 4:811−818.
Whitmore, T.C. 1991. An introduction to tropical rain forest. Oxford Press, Clarendo. 226 pp.
Williams, J.D., O.E. Donadio, and I. Ré. 1993. Notas relativas a la dieta de Tupinambis
rufescens (Reptilia: Sauria) del noroeste argentino. Neotropica 39:45−51.
Willis, E.O. 1966. Competitive exclusion and birds at fruiting trees in western Colombia. Auk
83:479−480.
Willis, E.O. 1979. The composition of avian communities in remanescent woodlots in southern
Brazil. Papeis Avulsos Zoologia 33:1−25.
Willson, M.F. 1974. Avian community organization and habitat structure. Ecol. Monogr.
55(5):1017−1029.
Willson, M.F. 1993. Mammals as seed-dispersal mutualists in North America. Oikos
67:159−176.
Willson, M.F., and C.J. Whelan. 1990. Variation in post dispersal survival of vertebratedispersed seeds: Effects of density, habitat, location, season, and species. Oikos 57:191−198.
Willson, M.F., and J.N. Thompson. 1982. Phenology and ecology of color in bird-dispersed
fruits, or why some fruits are red when they are green. Can. J. Bot. 60:701−713.
Willson, M.F., and M.N. Melampy. 1983. The effect of bicolored fruit displays on fruit removal
by avian frugivores. Oikos 41:27−31.
Willson, M.F., A.K. Irvine, and N. Walsh. 1989. Vertebrate dispersal syndromes in some
Australian and New Zealand plant communities, with geographic comparisons. Biotropica
21:133−147.
Wootton, R.J. Ecology of teleost fishes. 2.ed. London: Chapman and Hall, 1998.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-36
January 2011
Amaila Hydropower ESIA Update
Section 9
Worthington, A.H. 1989. Adaptations for avian frugivory: assimilation efficiency and gut transit
time of Manacus vitellinus and Pipra mentalis. Oecologia 80:381−389.
Wurdig, N., and I.D. Pinto. 1999. Classe Ostracoda. In: Os crustáceos do Rio Grande do Sul. L.
Buckup, and F. Bond-Buckup (ed). pp. 116−143. Editora da Universidade UFRGS, Porto
Alegre.
Xavier-Filho, L.N., R.C. Campos, R.C. Bianchi, N. Olifiers, and G.M. Mourão. 2008. Hábitos
alimentares de quati (Nasua nasua) e cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) na Fazenda
Nhumirim, Pantanal, MS. Paper presented at the 27º Congresso Brasileiro de Zoologia,
February 17−21, in Pinhais, Brazil.
Yabe, R.S., and E.J. Marques. 2001. Deslocamento de aves entre capões no Pantanal Matogrossense e sua relação com a dieta. In: Ornitologia e conservação: da ciência as estratégias.
J.L.B. Albuquerque (ed). pp. 103−123. Unisul, Tubarão.
Young, D.G., and M.A. Duncan. 1994. Guide to the identification ond geographic distribution
of Lutzomyia sand flies in Mexico, the West Indies, Central and South America (Diptera:
Psychodidae). Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 54:88.
Zaher, H., F.G. Grazziotin, J.E. Cadle, R.W. Murphy, J.C. Moura-Leite, and S. Bonatto. 2009.
Molecular Phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South
American Xenodontines: A revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Papéis Avulsos
de Zoologia 49(11):11.
Zavortink, T.J. 1973. Mosquito studies (Diptera: Culicidae) XXIX. A Review of the subgenus
Kerteszia of Anopheles. Contrib. Am. Entomol. Inst. 9:1−54.
Zhang, S.Y., and L.X. Wang. 1995. Fruit consumption and seed dispersal of Ziziphus
cinnamomum (Rhamnaceae) by two sympatric primates (Cebus apella and Ateles paniscus) in
French Guiana. Biotropica 27:397−401.
Zílio, F. 2006. Dieta de Falco sparverius (Aves: Falconidae) e Athene cunicularia (Aves:
Strigidae) em uma região de dunas no sul do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia.
14(4):379−392.
Zimmer, K.J., and M.L. Isler. 2003. Family Thamnophilidae. In: Handbook of the Birds of the
World. J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and J. Sargatal. Lynx, Barcelona. 8:358−447.
Amaila Falls Hydro Inc.
9-37
January 2011