Editora LP-Books www.lp-books.com Visões do Mundo Contemporâneo Editor Responsável Volume 2 João Antonio Carvalho Copyright © Org. Dilton Cândido Produção editorial Santos Maynard & Andreza Santos Cruz LivroPronto Maynard ϐ Nenhuma parte desta publicação Revisão pode ser armazenada, fotocopiada, Thais Gouveia reproduzida por meios mecânicos, eletrônicos ou outros quaisquer sem a Capa prévia autorização da Editora. LivroPronto ϐ [email protected] Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) M471v Visões do Mundo Contemporâneo - Volume 2 /Org. Dilton Cândido Santos Maynard & Andreza Santos Cruz Maynard - São Paulo: LP-Books 2013. 170p; 21cm ISBN 978-85-7869-380-0 1. Política. I. Título. 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Volume I1 WUDWRGHPLQRULDVHPHVPR±RTXHpXPGHYHU±GHMRYHQVGHOLQTXHQWHVUHVSRQViYHLVSRUSHTXHQDVLQIUDo}HVRXFULPHVPHQRUHV 6LVWHPDWLFDPHQWHDSROtFLDIRUMDSURYDVGHVWUyLHYLGrQFLDVHTXDQGRLVVRHVWiIRUDGRDOFDQFHGDPtGLDPDQWpPVHLPSXQH1DPDLRULDGDVYH]HVHLVVRpPXLWRLQTXLHWDQWHDSUySULDH[WUDomRVRFLDO GDSROtFLDpPXLWRSUy[LPDGDTXHOHVTXHVRIUHPDERUGDJHQVEUXWDLV 7UDWDVHSDUDFLWDURSRHWDHDSHVDUGLVVRDQWURSyORJRLQWXLWLYR TXDQGRGL]TXH³VmRTXDVHEUDQFRVGDQGRSRUUDGDQDQXFDGHTXDVHSUHWRV´2FRUUHDTXLXPDDPSODUHFXVDGHSDUWLOKDULGHQWLGDGHV JHUDQGRQDUHFXVDGR³RXWURSUy[LPR´HFRQYHQLHQWHDQHJDomRGR VHXSUySULR³HX´VRFLDOFXOWXUDOHpWQLFR7UDWDVHFODUDPHQWHGH PDWDUQR³RXWUR´R³HX´TXHUHSLORHPPLPPHVPR 3DUDDOpPGDGH¿FLrQFLDGR(VWDGRHGHVXDVLQVWLWXLo}HVQR SURFHVVR GH IRUPDomR GH VXDV SROtFLDV Ki DLQGD XPD HVSpFLH GH H[SLDomRVXEFRQVFLHQWHGRSUySULRDJHQWHTXDQGRDSROtFLDYLROHQWD EDWHHPDWD³TXDVHEUDQFRV´QXPH[HUFtFLRGHH[SLDomRGRIDQWDVPDGHVXDSUySULDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHSDXSHUL]DomRHPDUJLQDOL]DomR 7UDWDVHDTXLGDUHD¿UPDomRDWUDYpVGDYLROrQFLDFRQWUDRRXWURGH XPQRYRVWDWXVVRFLDOVyPXLWRUHFHQWHPHQWHHGHIRUPDSUHFiULD FRQTXLVWDGR$REDWHUQRRXWUR±LJXDOVHMDUDFLDOPHQWHVHMDVRFLDOPHQWHQDERUGDGRSUHFLStFLRGDVGHVLJXDOGDGHVVRFLDLVLQVXSHUiYHLV±RSROLFLDODEDWHRIDQWDVPDGHVHXSUySULRGHVWLQRVRFLDO $DPELrQFLDVRFLDOHHFRQ{PLFDHDSVLFRORJLDFROHWLYDGHYHPVHUWUD]LGDVSDUDDOX]GDDQiOLVHGDYLROrQFLDGHPDVVDVQDV VRFLHGDGHVGRWHPSRSUHVHQWH$VWHQV}HVHQWUHDVFRPXQLGDGHVpWQLFDVRLVRODPHQWRVGRVJUXSRVHDGHFLGLGDSROtWLFDDGRWDGDQRV ~OWLPRVFLQFRDQRVGHUHMHLomRWRWDOGRPXOWLFXOWXUDOLVPRQD$OHPDQKD,WiOLDH,QJODWHUUDSULQFLSDOPHQWHDOLDGDjFULVHHFRQ{PLFDHXURSHLDVmRRSDQRGHIXQGRGHXPODGRGRVPRWLQVVRFLDLV GRV ~OWLPRV DQRV 3RU RXWUR ODGR Ki RXWUR ULVFR QHVWH PRPHQWR GHHPHUJLUHPQLFKRVGHPLFURIDVFLVPRVQDVLQVWLWXLo}HVGR(VWDGR DFHLWDQGRSHUDQWHDFyOHUDHDI~ULDGRVMRYHQV±WUDWDGDFRPRFDVR GHSROtFLDHQmRFRPRIHQ{PHQRVRFLDODFRQVWUXomRGHXPDVRFLHGDGHSROLFLDOFRPRRQRVVRIXWXUR0DLVJUDYHHGHPDLRUULVFRTXH Visões do Mundo Contemporâneo - Volume I1 DDVFHQVmRGDH[WUHPDGLUHLWD[HQyIRED±VHMDR)URQW1DWLRQDOHQD )UDQoDD$XURUD'RXUDGDQD*UpFLDRX'LH5HSXEOLNDQHUQD$OHPDQKD±pDDFHLWDomRQRkPELWRGR(VWDGR/LEHUDOGDIDVFLVWL]DomR GHVXDVLQVWLWXLo}HVS~EOLFDVFRPRDSROtFLDDFOtQLFDRXRVDEULJRV VRFLDLV$VVLPDVRFLHGDGHVHULDSRXSDGDGHXPUHSHWLGRSURFHVVR GHIDVFLVWL]DomRGR(VWDGR±WUDXPiWLFDHFXVWRVDHPIDYRUGHXPD IDVFLVWL]DomRGHLQVWLWXLo}HVLVRODGDVVREREHQHSOiFLWRGHXPDRSLQLmRS~EOLFDDWHPRUL]DGDSHODFULVHHFRQ{PLFDHSHORSURFHVVRGH SUROHWDUL]DomRHGHHPSREUHFLPHQWRGDVFODVVHVPpGLDV 1HVWH PXQGR D ¿FomR VRFLDO GH 6WDQOH\ .XEULFN ³/DUDQMD 0HFkQLFD´WRUQDVHXPDUHDOLGDGH Mídia e Justiça nas trincheiras 3DUWLFXODUPHQWHLQWHUHVVDQWHIRLDUDSLGH]GDDomRGDMXVWLoD EULWkQLFDFRQWUDRVMRYHQVUHYROWRVRVGH6REVHYHUDH[LJrQFLD GRJRYHUQREULWkQLFRYLPRVFRQGHQDo}HVPDVVLYDVHPMXOJDPHQWRV UHOkPSDJRHSHQDVSHVDGtVVLPDVFRPRVHHVWLYpVVHPRVDVVLVWLQGR XPDJXHUUD(P/RQGUHVPHUHFHXPDDQiOLVHHVSHFLDORFDVRGHGRLV MRYHQVFRQGHQDGRVHPPHQRVGHXPDVHPDQDGHSRLVGHSRVWDUHP ³WRUSHGRV´HPHQVDJHQVSDUDPDUFDUUHXQL}HVGHSUHSDUDomRGHVDTXHV$V PHQVDJHQV IRUDP UHWLUDGDV SHORV SUySULRV MRYHQV SRXFR GHSRLV GH SRVWDGDV H QDGD RFRUUHX QHVWHV FDVRV QmR SDVVDQGR GH XP DWR GH SURYRFDomR 0HVPR DVVLP DPERV IRUDP FRQGHQDGRV HPULWRVXPiULRFRPRVHRSDtVHVWLYHHPJXHUUDDPDLVGHTXDWUR DQRVGHSULVmR±³FRPRH[HPSOR´GLVVHRMXL]GHDQRVGHLGDGHDSRLDGRSHORSUHPLHUFRQYHUVDGRU&DPHURQ(VWHSRUVXDYH] GHIHQGHX SHQDV PXLWR GXUDV SDUD RV SUHVRV LQFOXLQGR Dt R WRTXH GHUHFROKHUSDUDMRYHQVQRVEDLUURVSREUHVGH/RQGUHV$RPHVPR WHPSRHPTXHIHFKDYD³HPYLUWXGHGDFULVHHFRQ{PLFD´GLYHUVRV FHQWURVGHUHFUHDomRHGHIRUPDomRGHMRYHQV2XVHMDGHWHUPLQDYD XPDLQWHUQDomRGRVMRYHQVQDVXDSUySULDPLVpULDHPDSDUWDPHQWRV PLQ~VFXORVVHPHQWUHWHQLPHQWRHVHPTXDOTXHUHVIRUoRGHUHFULDomRGHUHGHVGHVRFLDELOLGDGHVHGHRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHHPSUHJR2 JRYHUQR&DPHURQDSUR[LPDYDVHDVVLPGRPXQGRGHGH*HRUJH2UZHOO Visões do Mundo Contemporâneo - Volume I1 6HULDLQWHUHVVDQWHFRQWUDSRUjSHVDGtVVLPDPmRGDMXVWLoDEULWkQLFDFRQWUDRVMRYHQVRIDWRGHTXHR³MRYHP´-DPHV0XUGRFK ¿OKRGRDUTXLFRQVHUYDGRUPDJQDWDGDVWHOHFRPXQLFDo}HV¿OKRGR SURSULHWiULRGHWDEOyLGHVVHQVDFLRQDOLVWDV5XSHUW0XUGRFKQDVFLGR HPFRQWURODDUHGHGH79)R[D6N\HD'LUHFW79DOpPGRV MRUQDLV ³1HZV RI 7KH :RUOG´ R VHQVDFLRQDOLVWD ³7KH 6XQ´ FRQWURODDWK&HQWXU\HR³7KH:DOO6WUHHW-RXUQDO´IRLRUHVSRQViYHOSHODYLRODomRGRVGLUHLWRVGHPLOKDUHVGHFLGDGmRVEULWkQLFRV HPDOJXQVFDVRVFRPGHVXPDQLGDGHWRWDOFRPRGDVIDPtOLDVGRV DWLQJLGRVSHORVWHUURULVWDVGHTXHIRUDPHVSLRQDGDVSDUDIRUQHFHU PDQFKHWHV DR MRUQDO ³7KH 6XQ´ 3DUD FRQVHJXLU DFHVVR jV LQIRUPDo}HVSULYDGDVGDVYtWLPDVVXERUQDUDPDXWRULGDGHVSROLFLDLV HPHQWLUDPGHVFDUDGDPHQWHQXPD³&3,´GRSDUODPHQWREULWkQLFR &RXEHDR¿OKRHKHUGHLURGH0XUGRFK-DPHV0XUGRFKDSUHVHQWDU DV³UD]}HV´SHUDQWHR3DUODPHQWREULWkQLFRPHQWLQGRHREVWUXLQGR DMXVWLoD(VWHMRYHPQDVFLGRHPHVWiHPOLEHUGDGHeEUDQFRULFRHYHVWHVHEHPQXQFDHVWHYHGHVHPSUHJDGRDOpPGLVVRp SDUWLGiULRGRSUHPLHU'DYLG&DPHURQDTXHPIH]GRDo}HVGXUDQWH DFDPSDQKDHOHLWRUDOGR3DUWLGR&RQVHUYDGRUHRDSRLRXQRSURFHVVRHOHLWRUDO7DPEpPHVWmRHPOLEHUGDGHRVSROLFLDLVTXHPDWDUDP -HDQ&KDUOHVHWDPEpPHVWmRHPOLEHUGDGHRV³YkQGDORV´XQLIRUPL]DGRVGHSROLFLDLVTXHDWLUDUDPFRPVXDVSUySULDVDUPDVFRQWUDVHXV SUySULRVYHtFXORV±EHQVS~EOLFRVSDUDHQFREULUDPRUWHGH0DUN 'XJJDQ(VWmRHPOLEHUGDGHWDPEpPRVSROLFLDLVTXHFRQGX]HPLQWHUURJDWyULRV³GRPHGR´QD)UDQoDRVTXHPDWDUDPRPHQLQR-XDQ QR5LREHPFRPRRJRYHUQRFRQVHUYDGRUGR33HVSDQKRODGPLWH LQWHUURJDWyULRGHMRYHQVSRUSROLFLDLVHQFDSXoDGRV $PtGLDQRFDVRGRVPRWLQVFROHWLYRVHP/RQGUHVHP GHL[RXVH DUUDVWDU GH IRUPD IiFLO SHOD OLQJXDJHP GD SUySULD SROtFLD H SHOR GLVFXUVR GRV SROtWLFRV ³SHJRV GH VXUSUHVD´ SRQGRVH GH IRUPD SURWHJLDGD SRU WUiV GRV FDUURV SROLFLDLV SDUD ID]HU VXDV PDWpULDV1mRKRXYHYLVLWDVDRVEDLUURVDEDQGRQDGRVKLVWyULDVGH YLGDGHMRYHQVIHFKDGRVHPYHUGDGHLURVJKHWWRVRXDSXUDHVLPSOHV FRQVWUXomRGH³XPGLDQDYLGDGH0DUN'XJJDQ´+RXYHVLPXPD DYDODQFKHGHGHVLJQDWLYRVIRUWHPHQWHSROLFLDLV±WDLVFRPR³EDGHU Visões do Mundo Contemporâneo - Volume I1 QHLURV´³YkQGDORV´H³FULPLQRVRV´H[SOLFLWDQGRXPDIRUWHGHULYDomRFRQVHUYDGRUDQDPtGLDPXQGLDO(PFRPSDUDomRFRPRVPRWLQVHP3DULVGHYHPRVFODUDPHQWHDGLIHUHQoDRXDRPHQRV DOJXPFXLGDGRTXDQGRDPtGLDGHQRPLQRXQRVQRWLFLiULRVRVDWRV PDVVLYRVGHUHYROWDHP3DULVFRPDVH[SUHVV}HV³XQUHVW´LQJOrV H³pPHXWHV´IUDQFrV(PSRURXWURODGRGHFLGLXVHUDSLGDPHQWHTXHRVMRYHQVHUDP³FULPLQRVRV´VHPDEXVFDGHTXDOTXHU RXWURGDGRVRFLDOSDUDOHORGHVIRFDQGRVXDVDQiOLVHVHFRORFDQGRVH GLUHWDPHQWHHPXPDGDVWULQFKHLUDVGRFRQÀLWR 1RFDVREULWkQLFRDLQGDXPDYH]RIRFRIRLFHQWUDGRQRTXH HUDPDLVHVSHWDFXODU±DVORMDVVHQGRLQFHQGLDGDVHRVMRYHQVIXJLQGRFRPREMHWRVHOHWU{QLFRV$YLGDHP7RWHQKDPDIDPtOLDGRPRUWR HDDomRGDSROtFLDRVGDGRVGRGHVHPSUHJRHQWUHMRYHQVRIHFKDPHQWR GRV SURJUDPDV VRFLDLV QmR IRUDP FRQVLGHUDGRV IRFRV SDUD H[SOLFDURVPRWLQVVRFLDLVWUDQVIRUPDGRVHQWmRHPSXUD³DUUXDoD´ 1R5LRGH-DQHLURRFRPSRUWDPHQWRGDPtGLDTXDQGRDSRSXODomR VHUHYROWRXFRQWUDDHQpVLPDSDUDOLVDomRGRVWUHQVGDHPSUHVD6XSHU9LDQmRIRLGLIHUHQWH2IRFRIRUDPRVDWRVGHYLROrQFLDSRSXODU FRQWUDWUHQVHHVFULWyULRVGDHPSUHVD2IDWRGHPLOKDUHVGHWUDEDOKDGRUHV¿FDUHPSUHVRVGHQWURGHWUHQVVHPGLQKHLURGDVSDVVDJHQV VHPiJXDHPSOHQRYHUmRFDULRFDQmRPHUHFHXGHVWDTXH$EUXWDO DomRGD30ÀXPLQHQVH±PDLVXPDYH]±HPGHIHVDGDHPSUHVDSULYDGDIRLFRQVLGHUDGD³GHQWURGDVQRUPDV´HQmRRULJLQRXTXDOTXHU DomRGR0LQLVWpULR3~EOLFR 2SDSHOGDQRYDPtGLDGHFHUWRH[DJHUDGRHPWRGRVRVFDVRV HPGHWULPHQWRGDWHOHIRQLDPyYHO³WRUSHGRV´HPHVSHFLDOPHUHFH WDPEpPDWHQomR0HVPRPDQWHQGRXPSHU¿OFRQVHUYDGRUFRPRQR H[HPSORGRWXPXOWRGRVWUHQVGR5LRGH-DQHLURRHVSDoR³OLYUH´GD 8P LPSRUWDQWH SRUWDO GD ,QWHUQHW DFHVVDGR SRU PLOKDUHV GH XVXiULRV QRWLFLRX GD VHJXLQWH IRUPD D UHYROWD SRSXODU FRQWUD RV VHUYLoRV GD HPSUHVD 6XSHUYLD ³3DVVDJHLURV GD6XSHUYLDFDXVDPWXPXOWRH³WRPDP´WUHPDSyVSUREOHPDVWpFQLFRV´RXVHMDDIDOWDGH PDQXWHQomRDDXVrQFLDGHQRUPDVGHVHJXUDQoDHRGHVUHVSHLWRDRVSDVVDJHLURVWUDQFDGRV GHQWURGHWUHQVSDUDGRVQmRVmRFRQVLGHUDGRVDSHQDVRVUHQLWHQWHV³SUREOHPDVWpFQLFRV´± QDYHUGDGHDIDOWDGHLQYHVWLPHQWRV±GDHPSUHVD9HUKWWSQRWLFLDVXROFRPEUFRWLGLDQR XOWLPDVQRWLFLDVSDVVDJHLURVGDVXSHUYLDFDXVDPWXPXOWRHWRPDPWUHP DSRVSUREOHPDVWHFQLFRVKWP Visões do Mundo Contemporâneo - Volume I1 ,QWHUQHWSRVVLELOLWDDWURFDGHLQIRUPDo}HVVHPFRQWUROHGR(VWDGRH GHHPSUHVDV)RLQHVWHLQWHUVWtFLRTXHD-XVWLoDEULWkQLFD±VHJXLQGR RVSDVVRVGRVUHJLPHVHJtSFLRVVDXGLWDLUDQLDQRRXFKLQrV±UHVROYHXDJLU$VDXWRULGDGHVEULWkQLFDVGHFLGLUDPDEULUDVUHGHVVRFLDLV SDUDLQYHVWLJDomRHPXQLUVHGHPHGLGDVGHFRQWUROHHFHQVXUDGH RSHUDGRUDVGRZHEVSDFHHPHVPRGHFRLELUDSURGXomRGLVSRQLELOL]DomRGHUHFXUVRVWHFQROyJLFRVSRUHPSUHVDVGHWHOHIRQLDHPQRPH GDVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFD6mRPHGLGDVLGrQWLFDVDTXHODVH[LVWHQWHVQD &KLQD,UmRX6tULDVRDPFRPRPHGLGDV³GLWDWRULDLV´HVmRQDSUiWLFDPHFDQLVPRVGHYLJLOkQFLDFDGDYH]PDLVSUy[LPRVGH³´ GH*HRUJH2UZHOO Paralelos: uma realidade cruzada 9HPRVDVVLPTXHRVPRYLPHQWRVGHPRWLQVGHMRYHQVTXH RFRUUUHUDPGHSRLVGR¿PGD*XHUUD)ULDHPRXVHMDMiQR ERMRGDFKDPDGD³QRYDRUGHPPXQGLDO´±GHUDPVHGHIRUPDVYDULDGDVHFRPSOH[DV$OJXQVFDVRVFRPSDODYUDVGHRUGHPSROLWLFDPHQWHOHJtYHLVHQHJRFLiYHLVHDSDUWLUGHXPDFODUDFRPSHHQVmR GRSURFHVVRSROtWLFRPHVPRVHQGRHVWHUHMHLWDGRFRPRQR&KLOH *UpFLD7XQtVLD(JLWRRX(VSDQKDFRPRQRFDVRGRV³,QGLJQDGRV´ GR³0RYLPLHQWR0´RX³2FFXS\:DOO6WUHHW´(PRXWURVFDVRVH[SORGHLQHVSHUDGDPHQWHDSDUWLUGHXPDDomREUXWDOGDSROtFLDVREDIRUPDGHFyOHUDVEUXVFDVHEUXWDLVFRPRQRFDVRGH/RV $QJHOHV/RQGUHVH3DULV3RU¿PHPDOJXPDVFLGDGHVFRPRQR 5LRGH-DQHLURPDQWpPVHFRPRXPIHQ{PHQRODUYDOFRQVWDQWHH VXEWHUUkQHRWUDWDGRFRPRFDVRGHSROtFLDHFRQWURODGRSHORHVWDGR DWUDYpVGHDo}HVD¿UPDWLYDVOHQLWLYDVHGHFRQWUROHHGHVPRELOL]DomRGDVRFLHGDGHFLYLO +i QRV GRLV ~OWLPRV FDVRV XP VHQWLGR GH LQXWLOLGDGH H GH DXVrQFLDGHSHUVSHFWLYDVGHSHUGDGHHVSHUDQoDVGLUHWDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGRVFRPDVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVLQFDSD]HVGHFULDUHPSUHJRVRX RIHUHFHUFRQGLo}HVGHPRUDGLDRXWUDQVSRUWHDGHTXDGR$RODGRGH XPDSURIXVmRQXQFDYLVWDGH³JDGJHWV´HOHWU{QLFRVGHWrQLVHURXSDVGHPDUFDV±RSDVVDSRUWHSDUDDDFHLWDomRVRFLDORXPHVPRLWHQV Visões do Mundo Contemporâneo - Volume I1 IXQGDPHQWDLVHDOLHQDGRVGHFRQVWUXomRGHLGHQWLGDGHSHVVRDOH GHJUXSR±RPDUDVPRHFRQ{PLFRFULDXPYiFXRSDUDRVMRYHQV RVSULPHLURVHPDLVPDFLoDPHQWHDWLQJLGRVSHORGHVHPSUHJR(P 0DGULGRX/RQGUHVRGHVHPSUHJRGHMRYHQVpRGREURGRGHVHPSUHJRIRUPDOSRUVLVyMiDVVXVWDGRU1R&DLURRX-HUXVDOpPIDOWD PRUDGLD(P6DQWLDJR$WHQDVH/LVERDQmRKiSHUVSHFWLYDVHPIDFH GRVFRUWHVHPHGXFDomRHVD~GH(P7~QLVH0XPEDLDFRUUXSomR pHQGrPLFD1R5LRDEUXWDOLGDGHSROLFLDOFRPELQDVHFRPRDVVLWHQFLDOLVPRHDGHVPRELOL]DomRVRFLDO0DVSDUDRVMRYHQVRTXH ¿FDpDDXVrQFLDGHSHUVSHFWLYDV3DUHFHSRU¿PTXH³MiYLPRVHVWH ¿OPH´&KDPRXVH³/DUDQMD0HFkQLFD´GH6WDQOH\.XEULFNHGHVFUHYLDXPPXQGRIXWXURPDUFDGRSHODYLROrQFLDFHJDHFROpULFDGRV MRYHQVUHSULPLGDSHODYLROrQFLDVLVWHPiWLFDGR(VWDGR %HUOLQPDUoRGH