Traditional Media: Which one prevails (public or
private) ?
• While all audience-leading and influential newspapers, magazines, radio and television
stations belong to the communications moguls, it is possible to assert that private media
prevails in Brazil.
Family participation in conglomerates
• In Brazil a few families have a firm hold on an expressive part of the media, which
empowers them to organize the private commnunication networks.
• The most expressiive example is Globo Network, which belongs to the Marinho
family and is surely the biggest media company in the country.. Ten out of 21
partners are members of the Marinjho family.
• It is also intersting to mention Abril Editions – three out of seven partners are
members of the Civita family.
• SBT (Abravanel family and six partners) is the biggest segmented communication
company. Then comes Bandeirantes Group (Saad family and six partners).
Company
Family
share (%)
Organizações Globo
Marinho
47,6
Abravanel
24
Grupo Bandeirantes
Saad
42,1
Grupo Abril
Civita
42,9
SBT
Source: Donos da Mídia, 2008.
Media owned by politicians
• Relationships
between
politicians and media are not
unusual although they are
deemed illegal.
• According to a 2008 survey
carried out by the “Media
Owners”site,
271
politicians
participate
actively
in
the
Brazilian media.
•Influential tv stations like Record
count on mayors and deputies as
partners.
•The chart on the right shows
media owned by politicians.
Media
Quantity
TV stations
29
Newspaper
1
Com. Radio
31
FM Radio
117
OM Radio
142
OT
4
Source: Donos da Mídia, 2008.
Relationships among national, regional and local
media
• Brazilian communication
is under control of big
conglomerates which are
made up of big national
economic
groups
associated to regional and
local partners so that news
and shows may reach the
whole country. It creates a
monopoly which harms
cultural diversity..
Conglomerates shaped by affiliations, relay-stations
and partners
Affiliation
s
Relay-
Rede Globo
35
3305
Record
(IURD)
30
870
SBT
37
1441
Partners
Grupo O Dia
(Comprado)
*
Grupo Abril
Telefônica
(TVA)
Grupo Folha
Organizaçõ
es Globo
(50% Valor
Econômico)
UOL (Dona)
Band FM
* Encontrado em http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_O_Dia
1
Fonte: Donos da Mídia, 2008.
The leading means of communication (media)
• Newspapers
Newspaper
s
Daily copies
in 2011
1
Super
Notícia*
300.237
2
Folha de S.
Paulo
297.238
3
O Globo
264.052
4
O Estado
de S. Paulo
254.214
Source: IVC, 2012.**
*Jornal veiculado na Grande BH
**Encontrado em http://oglobo.globo.com/infograficos/circulacao-jornais/
The leading means of communications (media)
• Magazines
Weekly
Magazines
Weekly copies in
2010
1
Veja
2
Época
419.876
3
Isto é
389.031
Monthly
Magazines
1.089.191
Monthly copies in 2010i
1
Nova Escola
437.099
2
Claudia
419.876
3
Seleções do
Reader’s Digest
389.031
Source: Associação Nacional dos Editores de Revistas, 2010
The leading means of communication (media)
• Radio stations
MF Radio stations RJ
1
Super Rádio TUPI
2
Rádio Globo
3
CBN
MF Radio stations SP
1
TUPI
2
BAND
3
CBN
Source: IBOPE, jun-ago/2012.*
*Encontrado em: http://tudoradio.com/
The leading means of communication (media)
• TV Stations
Source: CEEP, 2010.*
* Encontrado em http://www.ceep.org.br/espaco-de-formacao/estudos-tematicos/a-real-abrangencia-dos-meios-de-comunicacao-no-brasil-eos-desafios-para-definir-um-sistema-transparente-de-regulacao-e-fiscalizacao-da-midia
Communitarian communication
Communitarian media empowering the local
community by privileging and showing their
culture and daily life.
Local and communitarian TV
stations
Educational Low frequency
and
TV
communitarian
TV (local)
Street TV
Cable
communitaria
n
Destination
Universities –
Town hall
Specific
communities
Public spaces
Cable Tv
subscribers
(free)
Broadcast
permission
15% of shows
Illicit stations
Granted
permission
Granted
permission
Local and communitarian radio
stations
Communitarian radio stations (popular, educational, free,
participative, associative, alternative and rural ones)
The challenge:
Democratizing the
speech
in order to democratize
society
.
Problems …..
Brazilian Law
It restrains, controls and inflicts penalties on communitarian
radio stations.
. It forbids advertising and network development.
. Low power radio broadcasting (25 Watts)
. Broadcasting restricted to 1 km from the transmitting aerial
. Grants jk broadcasting permissions are influenced by big political
interests.
Regulations ...
Brazilian Legislation
.The minimum gap between two communitarian radio stations must be 3.5 km.
only one communitarian radio station is allowed per city .
.The allowed wavelength is below 88 MHz, not in the dial.
Existing Communitarian Radion Stations
Fonte: www.e-publicacoes.uerj.br, 2012.
Legal for 14 years...
Yearly licences
Since many of them became legal in
1988, the communitarian radio
stations reached a peak during the
Cardoso government. In only three
years 1707 radio stations had their
licences– about 569 per year. In a
little more than seven years during
Lula government , about 2.204
communitarian oo stations became
legal – more than 300 per year.
Source: Estadão, 2010.
Anatel ....
On the other hand
Anatel closed down
6.700 communitarian
radio stations in the last
5 years, a yearly
average of about 1.340.
Source: www.abert.org.br, 2012
NEWSPAPERS AND
MAGAZINES
Communitarian journalism
It works within a community (neighbourhood, village, district, settlement, county, slum
nd so on);
Its development took place in Brazil during globalization (in the 70' s and 80's);
It started soon after the military government;
Brazilians were supposed to care for a more active communication process;
Appreciation of the local culture in order to create a cultural identity and a citzenship
eeling.
Printed communitarian media
JORNAL O CIDADÃO (The Citzen):
(a newspaper published in Maré slum, in Rio de Janeiro)
Printed communitarian media
OCAS MAGAZINE
Published by volunteers
and sold by homeless people
in the biggest Brazilian cities –
Social Inclusion Project
Brazilians and the
Internet
Share of Brazilians in social networks
• Brazilians are more and more active
in social networks. Facebook scores
off all other ones, once it is
repeatedly visited by more than 95%
of the people we interviewed. Next
comes Orkut (75,1%) and then
Twitter (73,3%). Finally Youtube
(69,4%), Linkedin (24,2%), Blogger
(23,4%), Myspace (18,2%) and
Turnbir (13,7%).
Source: E-life, 2012
Traditional media as information source
• About 94% of Brazilians look for
information on Tv, whereas 66%
look
for
Magazines
it
in
(59%),
newspapers.
on
radio
stations and internet (44%).
Source: E-life, 2012
Sites as information sources
Fonte: E-life, 2012
Int
rnet in
Brazil
Overview
Increase rate of Internet at home
The rate of internet connected
people is growing because 33
million people moved to
economic C class increasing
the internet use. In A and B
classes the accessibility rate is
75,825, in C class is 33.9%
which drops to 10% in lower
ones.
Source: Estudo da (FGV) e a operadora de telefonia Vivo, 2012
Household access rates by social
class
Source: Research from FGV and from telephone company
Vivo, 2012
Access rates in differents regions
South
25,6%
Midwest
23,4%
North
12%
Northeast
11,9%
Southeast
26,6%
Source: Ibope Nielsen Online, 2010 .
Brazil states with the biggest family access
São Paulo
48,22%
Rio de Janeiro
43,91%
Santa Catarina
41,66%
Paraná
38,71%
Distrito Federal
58,69%
Source: Estudo da (FGV) e a operadora de telefonia Vivo, 2012
Brazil states with little family access
Maranhão
10,98%
Piauí
12,87%
Pará
13,75%
Ceará
16,25%
Tocantins
17,21%
Source: Estudo da (FGV) e a operadora de telefonia Vivo, 2012
Governments requests to remove content from internet in 2012
•
Google received more than 1900 requests last year from different
countries in the world to remove content. Brazil was the champion in this
case with 418 claims. What is intersting is that the biggest number of
claims came from politicians, showing that the country is not as
democratic as it seems.
Source: Revista Oi, 2012
About 50,7 million people are internet frequent users
Source: cetic.br, 2012
Navigation average
time
Brasil
48h26m
United States
42h19m
United Kingdom
36h30m
France
33h22m
Japan
31h55m
Source: Coffemidia.com.br, 2009
Brazilians in social networks
Source: Olhar Digital, 2012.
• Brazilian internet is not an expressive threat to printed
newspapers or to tv news yet; the latter remain so far the
main information source.
• Presently more than 1.5 million Brazilians (11% of
population) seek internet information.
Source:Target Group Index, do Ibope e Observatório da Imprensa, 2012
The most visited sites in Brazil
01) Facebook.com
02) Google.com.br (Google Brasil)
03) Google.com
04) Youtube.com
05) Uol.com.br (Universo online)
06) Globo.com
07) Live.com (Windows Live)
08) Yahoo.com
09) Twitter.com
10) Mercadolivre.com.br
Source:Web Alexia, 2012
The most visited news sites in Brazil
 uol.com.br (Universo online)
 globo.com
 yahoo.com
 terra.com.br
 ig.com.br
Source:Web Alexia, 2012
The most common places to access the net
Source: Olhar Digital, 2012.
Kinds of connection
Source: Olhar Digital, 2012.