2011 SUMMARY Industrial Cooperation between Brazil and Sweden is the topic of a seminar 7 Links with the industry 11 Business incubation and bilateral initiatives 19 Industry and research in the health sector 25 Investments in the World Cup and the Olympics 31 Conclusions of the laboratory 37 “ABDI and VINNOVA have been very successful in finding ways to stimulate concrete and practical cooperation in research and innovation through delegation visits, innovation laboratories, support for different projects, in short, they are constantly seeking concrete ways to strengthen this cooperation” _ Sylvia Schwaag Serger Executive Director International Strategy and Networks - Vinnova 6 6 || March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo March . 2011 . Anhembi . São Paulo INDUSTRY INNOVATION INDUSTRIAL COOPERATION BETWEEN BRAZIL AND SWEDEN IS THE TOPIC OF A SEMINAR During the 2nd Innovation Learning Laboratory promoted by the Brazilian Agency for Industrial Development (ABDI) and the Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA), representatives of the two countries discussed possibilities for new industrial projects The large number of seats in the comfortable auditorium had to be increased time and again since the start of the seminar, given the interest aroused by the debates of the 2nd BrazilSweden Innovation Learning Laboratory, which took place on April 8 at the Technology Park of São José dos Campos, in São Paulo, Brazil. Altogether, some 150 representatives of industry and government, universities and incubators, as well as specialists from different areas came together to identify opportunities for new joint projects and show that the partnership has already yielded results. The event was promoted by the Brazilian Agency for Industrial Development (ABDI) and the Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA). The first edition of the laboratory was held in May 2010. On the occasion, topics such as transport and energy, co-incubation and internationalization of companies were discussed. The aim of this second laboratory was to report the experiences that have materialized since then in these areas and what more can be done jointly by Brazil and Sweden. The two countries have a longstanding partnership. According to the Sweden-Brazil Chamber of Commerce, it all started with the delivery of the first telephone by Ericsson in 1891. And even the monarchy of the Scandinavian country is related to the Brazilian people. Queen Silvia, married to King Carl Gustaf of Sweden, was born to a Brazilian mother, speaks fluent Portuguese and is always visiting Brazil because of her engagement in social projects. Currently, innovation is on the agenda of this bilateral cooperation. In 1986 the two countries signed the Agreement on Economic, Industrial and Technological Cooperation. In 2009 came the Additional Protocol on Cooperation in High Innovative Industrial Technology, whose Article 3 on the Bilateral Working Group establishes that ABDI is a partner on the Brazilian side. Since then, ABDI and VINNOVA have coordinated this process. One of the activities is precisely events like the innovation learning laboratories. 2nd Innovation Learning Laboratory | Brazil - Sweden | 7 “The country has made progress in biotechnology, nanotechnology, bio-ethanol, and communication and information technologies, which are areas of great interest to us. A good example of this collaboration is the Sweden-Brazil Research and Innovation Center opened in São Bernardo do Campo to help identify and support opportunities for bilateral cooperation in cutting-edge technology for a sustainable society.” _Mikael Ståhl Counsellor - Embassy of Sweden The first day of debates began with Clayton Campanhola, director of ABDI, welcoming Brazilian and Swedish participants. He then gave the floor to Mikael Ståhl, first secretary of the Swedish Embassy in Brazil, who made a brief summary of what has already been achieved in terms of cooperation between the two countries. One example is the collaboration between Brazilian and Swedish universities, which resulted in the establishment of research and development center in Brazil. “The country has made progress in biotechnology, nanotechnology, bio-ethanol, and communication and information technologies, which are areas of great interest to us. A good example of this collaboration is the Sweden-Brazil Research and Innovation Center opened in São Bernardo do Campo to help identify and support opportunities for bilateral cooperation in cutting-edge technology for a sustainable society,” said Ståhl. 8 | March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo According to the secretary, the technology center will be both a channel to create opportunities for partnerships and an exchange network among research, development and innovation institutions, corporations, universities and governments. “I hope that as collaboration between researchers and entrepreneurs grows, there will be an increase in the flow of investment and bilateral trade between the two countries. Another expected result is the introduction of new and innovative products in the world market. I believe the event will lead to good and fruitful discussions that will certainly result in successful projects and products,” added Ståhl. Sylvia Schwaag Serger, Executive Director of Networks and International Strategy, said that meetings like this are important to strengthen the ties between the two countries. “ABDI and VINNOVA have been very successful in finding ways INDUSTRY INNOVATION to stimulate concrete and practical cooperation in research and innovation through delegation visits, innovation laboratories, support for different projects, in short, they are constantly seeking concrete ways to strengthen this cooperation”. Paulo Goulart de Miranda, Planning Director of the Technological Park of São José dos Campos recalled that the institution’s relationship with the Swedish had begun with the visit of King Carl Gustaf and Queen Silvia to São José dos Campos a few months earlier. According to him, the partnership is bound to be successful. “Sweden excels in quality, and this is of great interest to the Technology Park, whose goals are innovation and entrepreneurship,” he added. Innovation agents from Brazil and Sweden assessed the existing experiences and discussed the future of collaboration between the two countries. 2nd Innovation Learning Laboratory | Brazil - Sweden | 9 “Brazil has evolved a lot and accumulated economic, human and research resources that allow the country to establish new avenues for trade relations with the world in general and Sweden in particular.” _Roberto dos Reis Alvarez International Affairs Manager - ABDI 10 | March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo LINKS WITH THE INDUSTRY The first panel highlighted the technology projects applicable to the industry, technology parks and their advantages. The first speaker was Roberto Alvarez, Manager of International Affairs of ABDI. After explaining the dynamics of the event - a moderate discussion divided into four panels and with the participation of all - he presented a brief history of the relations between the two countries in the field of innovation. According to Alvarez, Brazil has evolved a lot and accumulated economic, human and research resources that allow the country to establish new avenues for trade relations with the world in general and Sweden in particular. “That’s exactly why we are here today at the Technology Park of São José dos Campos. A good example of the partnerships already established is the partnership between Vale Soluções em Energia (Vale Energy Solutions) with the Swedish Scania for the development, production and marketing of ethanol engines and their applications. (See box - pag. 18 - for more information on the project). After this brief introduction, Alvarez gave the floor to Ciro Vasquez, manager of the Brazil-Sweden Bilateral Cooperation at VINNOVA. He talked about the outlook on the Swedish side in relation to Brazil and what his delegation had done during the previous week. “We visited the Institute Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), the Certi Foundation, the institute’s technology park, and Anprotec (National Association of Entities Promoting Innovative Enterprises). All this resulted in good contacts. We see great opportunities for positive collaboration as well as challenges in terms of high technology in the areas of transport, security and logistics systems. Our goal is to connect researchers, institutions, governments and companies in Brazil and Sweden to implement collaborations and find out what people need,” he concluded. 2nd Innovation Learning Laboratory | Brazil - Sweden | 11 Next, Sylvia Schwaag Serger said the session would allow sufficient time for reviewing concrete examples of cooperation between Sweden and Brazil, and how it can advance.” I think everyone here agrees that strengthening collaboration between the two countries in the fields of science, technology and innovation will be extremely important for both, not only with respect to their competitiveness and future well-being, but also for facing challenges together. And how do we do this? We do not know yet, but that’s why we call this seminar a learning laboratory,” said Sylvia. Pontus De Laval, Saab’s CTO, talked about a recently established research and development center. “We could have set up a closed laboratory to use the knowledge generated in Brazil, but thought we’d do it little different. We already had good experiences in Sweden in more open arenas in terms of ideas for innovation. So, based on the experience of one of the science parks in Gothenburg, we brought together all those interested in specific research areas. And not just companies and universities, but government agencies and authorities as well,” said De Laval. Elso Alberti Junior, Program Director of Vale Soluções em Energia (VSE) described the profile of the company, which was created by Vale, Brazil’s largest mining company, and considered one of the most effective projects in the partnership with Sweden (see box, pag. 18). Alberti Junior recalled that achieving the established goals required 12 | March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo Alberti Junior, Program director of Vale Soluções em Energia (VSE) pointed out the importance of discussing cooperation among Brazilian industries. developing electric and thermal energy generation systems, which involves, according to him, technology, skilled professionals and cooperation. Alberti Junior went on to provide some data explaining the importance of discussing cooperation between Brazilian industries. According to him, Brazil ranks 11th worldwide in scientific publications (2.4% of all papers published in the world) and 24th in patent applications (0.25% of the global total). Five of the largest universities in the country, all of them in São Paulo, like University of São Paulo (USP), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) and Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) generated about 800 patents between 2008 and 2010, 57.7% of which in partnership with industry. He further reminded that in 2009 the country had about 5,000 masters and doctoral students in science and about 6 million university students, of which only 420,000 in engineering. “We have good tools to support R&D and knowledge generation in Brazil for cooperation between universities and industries. We have the Innovation Law or Lei do Bem (Fiscal Incentive Benefits in exchange for Technological Innovation), a productive development policy, in addition to FINEP (Brazilian Agency for the Financing of Studies and Projects), which increased its budget from R$100 million in 2000 to R$3 billion in 2010,” explained Alberti. He also mentioned the partnerships already underway between Brazil and Sweden. One of such partnerships is the training of specialists at the Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA) in the area of internal combustion engines and gas turbines, a cooperation agreement with the Federal University of Itajubá (UNIFEM) to promote specialized education, besides collaborations with corporations. One example is the agreement signed with Scania in 2009 for the development of commercial ethanol engines without additives, with performance comparable to diesel engines and very low emissions of organic carbon. Another example of concrete action was highlighted by Professor Antonio Ferreira da Silva from the Department of Physics of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), which has a traditional cooperation with Sweden in academic research. “UFBA has an exchange agreement with the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology. This has increased mutual collaboration in the field of photodynamic therapy and its clinical applications, such as the treatment of tumor cells, for example. In addition, UFBA has close cooperation programs with the Uppsala Innovation Centre, primarily for the development of new materials and sensors for smart windows, among others,” said Silva. As a visiting professor in summer programs, he has already been to Uppsala and said that the visit was very important for his activities in the Northeast, where he works with strategic technologies for the region such as ceramics, nanotechnology, health and agriculture. “We want to continue this successful cooperation in other areas. We are already seeking to develop a new type of solar cell in Bahia, for example,” he concluded. José Fiates, director of Certi Foundation and Sapiens Park, in Florianópolis, explained that the foundation has an international business office to support its cooperation activities, business incubation and science park. For him, it is best to develop projects 2nd Innovation Learning Laboratory | Brazil - Sweden | 13 of aerostructures and project management, also talked about cooperation between industry and research. He mentioned the barriers that Brazil still needs to overcome. “These are technical details related to security requirements, size of files and other IT challenges such as databases with optimized process flows, paperless design. This requires permanent secure communication at all levels,” said the professor, who also highlighted a number of projects Akaer has been developing. “The idea is to use the Brazilian industrial base for a new business model. Today, we know we have many gaps which we are trying to fill, besides creating a new model of decentralized production. But to do that we need a strong and unified online global management system connected to our partners in Brazil and around the world so that we’ll know what is happening every day on both sides,” he said. Pontus De Laval, CTO of Saab before bringing companies into the technology parks. To justify his point of view, he mentioned the partnership between Certi and Phillips. “We don’t have a Phillips unit in our park, but rather a research project with a three-year platform that will ultimately generate a new type of cooperation that will be both better structured and more solid. This project was fostered by funds from BNDES through its Technology Fund (Funtec). Finally, Per-Arne Eriksson, Director of Product Development at Scania Latin America, spoke about ongoing plans. “Many of you may not know, but we are already selling ethanol-powered buses in the country to an operator in São Paulo. We have also been carrying out other field tests on trucks with this type of fuel in Brazil for two years, with success. In relation to the Scania-Valley cooperation, we are already working on a cooperation that includes VINNOVA in the next generation of ethanol and gas engines,” said Eriksson. Fernando Coelho Ferraz, chief engineer of Akaer, an engineering firm specializing in the development Professor Carlos Pereira, from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, in turn, drew attention to an 14 | March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo issue to be resolved with regard to partnerships and research. “I’m worried about the lack of synchronization in respect to research funding, since there are more resources than can be used, and also the lack of qualified engineers in the country,” he said. He added that not only the UFRGS, but other universities in Brazil as well often seek internships abroad. “This is very interesting for companies, but today it is easier to get internships in France and Germany than in Sweden. I believe it is important to establish formal agreements with the country. I understand that the mobility of students is not a specific mission of VINNOVA or ABDI, but the concept of education in innovation should be incorporated,” he said. “It is best to develop projects before bringing companies into the technology parks.” _José Fiates Director - Sapiens Park 2nd Innovation Learning Laboratory | Brazil - Sweden | 15 ENTREVISTA | CIRO VASQUEZ e SYLVIA SCHAAG SERGER Interview with Ciro Vasquez, manager of the Brazil-Sweden Bilateral Cooperation at VINNOVA and Sylvia Schwaag Serge, Executive Director of Networks and International Strategy of VINNOVA (Swedish Agency for Innovation) What were your impressions of the laboratory? CIRO VASQUEZ: Very good! SYLVIA SCHWAAG SERGER: I was impressed with the level of attendance in terms of both the large number of participants (reflecting significant interest in the event and the topics covered) and their competence and experience. The discussions were very interesting, with active participation of a large number of professionals, showing that Sweden and Brazil have many common interests in innovation processes and policies and that there is potential for sharing experiences and developing joint work on specific topics and projects. How do you believe the event will contribute to building a solid communication and collaboration bridge between the two countries? Ciro Vasquez, manager of the Brazil-Sweden Bilateral Cooperation at VINNOVA CIRO VASQUEZ: I think it is already happening! We have concrete examples of collaborations and initiatives resulting from these laboratories and initiatives. SYLVIA SCHWAAG SERGER: An important role of the event was to establish and strengthen contacts and interfaces between key actors from both Sweden and Brazil, including corporations, universities and the public sector. I believe this laboratory as well as the previous one represents a valuable contribution to create networks between Swedish and Brazilian innovation systems. We hope that the contacts established will lead to concrete cooperation projects in innovation between the two countries 16 | March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo How did you see the participation of Brazilians in the laboratory? Ciro Vasquez: Very active and interested, with qualified and engaged participants. SYLVIA SCHWAAG SERGER: I found the number of high-level participants impressive and large, with valuable insights on innovation processes, experience in cooperation with Sweden, useful suggestions on how to strengthen collaboration on innovation between Sweden and Brazil. Many of the Brazilian participants combined significant international experience with excellent academic or corporate results, making a strong impression. The event and the excellent participation of Brazilians allowed Swedish participants to learn a lot about Brazil during the meeting, as well as to establish strategic contacts for future cooperation. What are your general perceptions of the event? Have any future agreements and new collaborations been already agreed upon? CIRO VASQUEZ: We are studying several possibilities, but nothing happens so fast. I have no doubt, however, that we will see concrete results in the near future! SYLVIA SCHWAAG SERGER: The laboratory is an excellent opportunity and the ideal environment to strengthen cooperation between Sweden and Brazil in cutting-edge technology and innovation. We appreciate the excellent collaboration with our partner, ABDI, which was vital to the success of the event. The next Innovation Laboratory is scheduled to take place in Sweden in the fall of 2011. Sylvia Schwaag Serge, director of International Collaboration & Networks of VINNOVA 2nd Innovation Learning Laboratory | Brazil - Sweden | 17 COOPERATION R&D Center in São Paulo During the Laboratory, Pontus De Laval, CTO of Saab, announced that the first research and development (R&D) center of the Swedish company in Brazil would be opened in São Bernardo do Campo (SP) in May. “We have 15 companies and universities participating in the project. Our goal is to open the unit with at least 20 partners,” he said. According to De Laval, Saab’s initiative aims to focus on both knowledge - in the form of research - and business. The R& D center for Brazil was developed from a model used in Sweden, based on cooperation among industry, academia and government. “The idea is to establish the unit, identify the needs of Brazilian society and develop solutions based on this diagnosis,” he added. Areas of research include defense, security, transport, logistics, energy and environment. The estimated investment to fund the projects is $50 million. Greener Fuel Another example of cooperation between Sweden and Brazil is that of Sweden’s Scania, which also has an R&D center in Brazil through the partnership with Brazil’s Vale Soluções em Energia (VSE). The goal is to enable the use of commercial ethanol engines without additives for trucks and buses, with performance comparable to diesel engines and low emissions of organic carbon. The Director of Scania Latin America, Per-Arne Ericksson said that Brazil is the world’s best market for the company. “We are already selling our first ethanol-powered buses to São Paulo and planning a new generation of ethanol- and gas-powered engines,” he said. 18 18 || March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo March . 2011 . Anhembi . São Paulo BUSINESS INCUBATION AND BILATERAL INITIATIVES The second panel of the day resumed a topic that had been widely debated in the 1st Learning Laboratory held in May 2010: the possibility of joint projects for the co- incubation of companies – i.e., the use of services and facilities available in incubators and technology parks in Sweden and Brazil. In this regard, the two countries have different performances. While Sweden is a global leader in innovation and has successfully implemented technology parks and business incubators, Brazil has experienced a significant expansion of these ‘innovation environments’ in the last decade alone. Roberto Alvarez, manager of International Affairs of ABDI opened the debates by reminding participants that the potential for soft-landing was one of the topics to be addressed during the panel. The first participant to speak was Paul Goulart Miranda, director of the Technology Park of São José dos Campos. “We still have no real experience in soft-landing, but we have many companies ready to leave the country and not knowing what to do. Soft-landing is something that requires, above all, a state of readiness and preparedness by both sides, i.e., the applicant company and the receiving company,” warned Miranda, who does not believe this is an easy process. According to him, there are few Brazilian institutions able to do softlanding, despite having a level of maturity sufficient to achieve this goal. The reasons, he said, would lie in the ability of the park or incubator to provide means of access to new markets by companies wishing to go abroad. “That’s why this model is very successful in the United States, which is a very market-oriented country. In Europe I believe that the Scandinavian countries are ahead, more than Spain, Portugal and Italy,” he said. Another thing also needed for softlanding, according to Miranda, is a reciprocal commitment from both sides. 2nd Innovation Learning Laboratory | Brazil - Sweden | 19 Paulo Goulart de Miranda, director of the Technology Park of São José dos Campos Then the director of the Technology Park led participants in a visit to the institution (see box, pag. 24). Next, Sten Gunnar Johansson, CEO of Mjärdevi Science Park in Linköping, Sweden, highlighted the importance of venues like technology parks to the economy of a country. For Johansson, technology parks and incubators are excellent tools for universities, industry, trade and companies. With regard to internationalization, Johansson said that Sweden is not a large country and, therefore, Swedish companies are international from the outset - since there is no way to grow 20 | March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo otherwise. “We have been working with soft-landing for at least 15 years in our park, with the displacement of about 15 companies, some successful, others less so. Those that have not faired so well were not prepared for the phase of internationalization. And I believe that the responsibility for preparing the company is in ours, as incubation managers,” he said. For him, small and medium Brazilian companies have the potential for developing softlanding by partnering with large companies. “If we look at Swedish companies operating in Brazil so far, we see that most are large companies. In addition, we Swedes need to understand that Brazil is not limited to São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. We traveled in the country during this week and, just to give an example, Porto Alegre is twice the size of Sweden. Why don’t we think about that city? I think we have a lot of homework to do,” he said. Finally, Johansson also underlined another key aspect for a good partnership between companies: building a climate of trust among stakeholders, so as to couple the creativity of Brazilians with the innovation capacity of Swedes - which will, according to him, lead to an environment conducive to mutual cooperation. Guilherme Ary Plonsky, president of the National Association of Entities Promoting Innovative Enterprises (Anprotec), recalled that there are incubators and technology parks with different levels of strategic influence in Brazil. “I think one of the processes to be considered is bilateral cooperation (country A and country B, as in the case of Brazil and Sweden), and the other is at the regional and We still have no real experience in soft-landing, but we have many companies ready to leave the country and not knowing what to do. Soft-landing is something that requires, above all, a state of readiness and preparedness by both sides, i.e., the applicant company and the receiving company.” _Paulo Goulart de Miranda 2º Laboratório 2nd Innovation de Aprendizagem Learningem Laboratory Inovação | |Brazil Brasil- Sweden - Suécia | 21 with the Brazilian Space Agency to try to develop, with incubators like Incubaer already working in the sector, forms of connection in the space business sector,” said Plonsky. “We established our International Innovation Center two years ago, with the aim to encourage innovation in Paraná”, said Wikings Machado, director of the Federation of Industries of the State of Paraná (Fiep). national level,” he said. For him, it is necessary to evaluate the size of each market. “In Europe, if you are in Portugal and cross the border into Spain and from there on to France, for example, it will take you just over half an hour - less than it would take you go from here, São Jose dos Campos, to São Paulo (especially during rush hours). So for us, the issue of internationalization is more complicated because even in relation to neighboring countries there are problems of distance, mobility and cultural differences,” he added. To meet such challenges Plonsky said that it is necessary to evaluate the conditions from the industry standpoint. An example is the European Space Incubators Network, which brings together 30 incubators, 15 countries, 500 companies, besides the European Business Innovation Network (EBINet).”We were deeply inspired by this model and based on it we talked 22 | March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo Another example of a project already underway was mentioned by Wikings Machado, director of the Federation of Industries of the State of Paraná (Fiep), which is preparing to establish an incubation and technology center in the state. “We established our International Innovation Center two years ago, with the aim to encourage innovation in Paraná. The goal was to bring together in one single place everything a company needs to be innovative. The answer we found was that innovation is represented by values added, and therefore it would be necessary to do something that added value to someone, somewhere, sometime,” said Machado. For Guilherme Ary Plonsky, president of the National Association of Entities Promoting Innovative Enterprises (Anprotec), “the issue of internationalization is more complicated because even in relation to neighboring countries there are problems of distance, mobility and cultural differences.” According to him, in order to do that a company needs to have access to capital, good knowledge of its target market as well as to master its technology, be entrepreneurial, prioritize innovation and worry about its own design. “We work in a 30,000-sq. meter area in Curitiba, where we’ve gathered several organizations that support innovation, such as Endeavour, an American NGO, GCI and Design Center, and we are there to support the companies in other areas. I think we have a very interesting environment and it would be great if we could have an incubator there, so as to increase our service supply in a subsidized way,” he said. Among the plans for the innovation center, Machado said there are 10 companies to be incubated, six of them in the resident incubation program, i.e, with facilities and equipment available to them. Four will be virtual incubators, meaning they will not be physically there but will have access to all services offered by the International Innovation Center. The technology park of São José dos Campos receives the visit of participants in the Brazil-Sweden Laboratory 2nd Innovation Learning Laboratory | Brazil - Sweden | 23 IN LOCO Technology Park of São José dos Campos During the visit to the Technology Park of São José dos Campos, participants were divided into two groups to tour the facilities. The institute is located in a of 30,000-sq meter building, spread over a 188,000-sq. meter area along Via Dutra, 12 km from São José dos Campos. The mission of the technology park is to promote interaction between research and teaching institutions, businesses, governments and development and investment entities, always focusing on technological innovation, creating new technology companies, improving industrial competitiveness, revitalizing local and regional economies and generating new jobs. In the coming years, the park is expected to grow through partnerships in areas such as aeronautics, space, defense, energy and environment. An estimated 20,000 new specialized job openings should be created. The technology park of São José dos Campos was born of a partnership between the Municipal Government and the State Government of São Paulo and houses research and development centers, universities, incubators, industries and technology-based companies 24 24 || March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo March . 2011 . Anhembi . São Paulo INDUSTRY AND RESEARCH IN THE HEALTH SECTOR If on the one hand the provision of health services is a challenge for the countries, on the other it creates opportunities for new technologies and businesses to emerge. While Sweden is a leader in technological development in the fields of pharmaceuticals and medical equipment, Brazil has endeavored to develop its industrial complex. The Ministry of Health has begun to invest in the area and designed a new legal and institutional framework to support innovation and improve local technologies. The third panel began with Jorge Eduardo Oliveira, who worked in the VINNOVA-ABDI cooperation in Sweden and is currently General Coordinator of Medical Equipment for the Ministry of Health in Brazil. To explain the importance of a discussion on the development of technologies in the industry, Oliveira provided some data on the health system in the country. According to him, since 2007 the Ministry of Health has given greater considered to the possibilities of scientific innovation in the country. “The idea was to show the market that there are a large number of services to be provided in examinations and procedures maintained by the State, since 70% of the population depend on public health services,” he said. In all, according to Oliveira, there are about 6,000 hospitals in the country, 64,000 basic healthcare units and 12 million hospitalizations annually, with approximately 300 million laboratory tests performed each year. “We are working with several partners, holding public hearings and bids for research into and development of innovations with specific funding and grants,” he said. Another paradigm that has been broken was the state production of drugs and pharmaceuticals, which was lagging behind compared to modern production standards. Since 2nd Innovation Learning Laboratory | Brazil - Sweden | 25 then, as Oliveira put it, the Ministry of Health has produced a list of strategic pharmaceuticals and medical equipment of high added value that have become a priority. For an initiative like this, R$50 million have been invested in R&D and innovation as well as in fostering product development. The production of pharmaceuticals and the production infrastructure, in turn, required an investment of $300 million over five years. The idea now, according to Oliveira, is to negotiate technology transfer and agreements specifying product purchases and royalties.” In relation to the private sector, we are working towards a regulatory model of preference, 26 | March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo which was established by law last year, under which a spread of up to 25% can be paid for products developed and manufactured in the country. In this context, we believe that we are in a position to establish technological cooperation, “he concluded. Vicente Barbosa, from the Brazilian Association of Medical, Dental, Hospital and Laboratory Equipment & Supplies (Abimo) presented suggestions for businesses that could generate partnerships with the Swedes. One of the examples mentioned by Barbosa is the discussion, with Ericsson, of bioengineering solutions for the manufacture of artificial organs. He also recalled that the association is greatly interested in nanotechnology. “Brazil has shown a talent to absorb new technologies and is a country that seeks social equality,” said Barbosa. Last year the organization created the Innovation Award in Health, to reward companies introducing innovations in processes, products or services. “Brazilian entrepreneurs are very receptive to innovations. We hope thereby to improve the quality of life of patients and the competitiveness of products. The introduction of innovative mechanisms brings benefits to patients and contributes to developing the medical supply and equipment industry,” he said. Barbosa also believes that policies to encourage research and development in the health sector make the domestic industry more competitive. However, he said, there are still obstacles to overcome. “We must continue to fight the bureaucratic barriers that hinder Brazilian companies. We can not wait a year for health authorities to approve a product or medical equipment, or wait, because of the law, six months for the import of scientific products to be authorized,” said Oliveira. He also highlighted areas where Abimo can collaborate with the BrazilSweden partnership, such as flexible companies, reliable partners, a large buying market and domestic public investments in the form of tax benefits. Finally, Barbosa also presented a partnership between Lifemed, a company he also works for, Fiocruz and the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The result was the production of reagents for the detection of bacteria and viruses, in addition to some drugs. According to him, Fiocruz’ structure is similar to that of the Karolinska Institutet Science Park in Sweden. “To diversify our portfolio we also have a unit that develops monitors for multiple paramedic uses, a telemetry system for medical applications, and other systems for cardiovascular applications – an effort started eight years ago,” he said. Professor Icaro dos Santos from the University of Brasilia (UnB) said that he has been working with research in the field of biomedical engineering for over 15 years and that only about 10 years ago financial investment stopped being a problem. According to him, since then it has been possible to develop an idea, design a project, submit it to a government agency and, if it’s approved, get the money. “Currently, we are also succeeding in getting funding from the industry to develop specific solutions,” said Santos. The next speaker was Märit Johansson, CEO of the Science Park of the Karolinska Institutet (KI) in Sweden, who introduced the institution, which conducts research mainly in medical and diagnostics technology. She said KI is considered the largest medical school in the country and currently counts on 57 companies (20,000-sq meter campus), 600 research centers and 1,300 researchers. “Sweden is a very small country. So we know each other 2nd Innovation Learning Laboratory | Brazil - Sweden | 27 In Sweden, more than 1,200 projects or inventions have been evaluated by the innovation system and 30 license agreements were closed.” _Märit Johansson personally and this allows us to work together. So far, more than 1,200 projects or inventions have been evaluated by the innovation system and 30 license agreements closed, “she said. The institute also has other projects underway in the areas of oncology and dermatology. The next speaker, Gilberto Rigobello, director of Spin - Serviços em Projetos de Inovação (Services in Innovation Projects) explained that the company works on a volunteer basis with a group that assists children with cancer at a hospital in São José dos Campos. The goal of Spin in this partnership is to get funding for the project, which the company is seeking to get from the Foundation for Research Support of São Paulo (FAPESP) and FINEP. “We have entered into partnerships with some specialists from the United States, Germany and Japan. I would like then to invite Swedish specialists to participate,” said Rigobello. Wikings Machado, from FIEP asked to make one last comment on a topic raised by 28 | March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo Märit Johansson with respect to financing, venture capital and seed money. Machado said the venture capital (VC) industry in Brazil keeps on growing and that the Brazilian Forum on Venture Capital & Seed Money, a national event, was going to be held the following week in São Paulo. “Industry figures are impressive. There are currently $10 billion available for investment and the number of investment funds is doubling almost every second in the country, “he said. Leandro de Lemos, manager of Tecnopuc - Science and Technology Park of PUC in Rio Grande do Sul also talked about the possibility for interaction in the area of health. He said that the space is characterized as a “cluster” in the area of health. “Tecnopuc is an important project and in the future it should be the most important technology park in Latin America because we have a huge physical area near Porto Alegre, with the engagement of almost 100 companies,” he said. VINNOVA Swedish innovation VINNOVA was established in January 2001 and is linked to the Swedish Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications. Its goal is to increase the competitiveness of Swedish researchers and companies. The agency also has the mission to promote sustainable growth in Sweden, support and finance research and develop efficient innovation systems. To this end, it receives 220 million euros a year for new projects as well as for projects already in progress. But as VINNOVA often requires co-financing for all projects, the annual investment can total as much as 440 million euros. An important part of the agency’s activities is to enhance cooperation between companies, universities, research institutes and other organizations in the Swedish innovation system. All programs are continually monitored and evaluated after completion. To explain the long-term impacts of its activities, reviews are also carried out on a regular basis. In all, 200 professionals work in the company’s units in Stockholm and Brussels. 2º Laboratório 2nd Innovation de Aprendizagem Learningem Laboratory Inovação | |Brazil Brasil- Sweden - Suécia | 29 30 | March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo Março INVESTMENTS IN THE WORLD UP AND THE OLYMPICS The World Cup in 2014 and 2016 Olympics, both to be held in Brazil will require a host of new solutions. Besides investment in stadiums, urban infrastructure in general and anything else that involves preparing for the games, there’s the fact that the event can be a showcase for new technologies. In a short period of time Brazil increased the use of information technology, which included broadband and social networks. And today Portuguese is the second most popular language on twitter. In this scenario, the market opens up for IT solutions, social networks and interactive media. It is possible to develop ways for spectators to narrate and comment on the games, connected with friends and relatives around the world. It is based on these possibilities that Project 14 Bis has been developed. In this last panel of the laboratory, participants presented their ideas on how to use the games to develop and give visibility to new technologies and businesses and discuss how Brazil and Sweden can promote connections between their companies and research centers. Professor Reginaldo Arcuri, from the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), former president of ABDI, explained that the idea of Project 14 Bis emerged still during the South Africa World Cup in 2010. Finep launched a program called 2014 Bis, building upon the image and name of the 14 Bis, the first airplane to fly over Paris in 1906. The slogan of the initiative was also inspired by the plane and its creator, the Brazilian Alberto Santos Dumont: “To delight, surprise and move the world in 2014.” “The idea is to show that Brazil is not made only of natural beauty, but also that as a developing country it can be in the forefront in terms of some types of innovation,” said Arcuri. 2nd Innovation Learning Laboratory | Brazil - Sweden | 31 Next José Fiates, director of Innovation at Certi Foundation and the Sapiens Park, in Florianópolis, reinforced what Arcuri had said to be the goal of the project - to create a legacy in the country in terms of innovation and creativity. Although it was created by FINEP, Project 14 Bis has several partners in the federal government such as the Ministry of Sports and the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade, as well as government agencies, universities and corporations (one of such partners in Certi Foundation). He said the amounts currently under discussion exceed $100 billion, to be invested mostly in infrastructure, stadiums, mobility, transport and communications. “Ten priority areas have been defined, such as social networking, education, entrepreneurship, cleantech, smart cities, marketing, media, universal design, and management and governance of all this. An action plan has been defined in each area to encourage partnerships, projects and their development. In terms of infrastructure, some investments are being encouraged for the purpose of aggregating technology. BNDES, for example, is offering better interest rates and payment terms for those who build hotels using green technology,” said Fiat. According to him, a workshop with Brazilian and multinational companies with branches in Brazil was held after the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, to close a general plan, later on, with the participation of all the parties involved. “We will soon be launching an innovation portal to offer possible partnerships between the institutions involved. Finep, in particular, is working to promote initiatives through targeted funding, 32 | March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo Jackson De Toni, planning manager of Brazilian Agency for Industrial Development (ABDI) with investments of about R$120 million last year and over R$100 million this year for innovation and technology projects involving the tournaments. More than 100 projects have been submitted to date, of which 60 have been pre-selected,” he said. Another aspect highlighted by Fiates was the incentive for cooperation projects between universities and corporations targeting the market. In this regard plans are underway for the creation of LabShowroom, a kind of headquarters where the ideas for the project will be showcased. “We believe there will be opportunities for companies of all sizes, from the manufacture of components and devices to the development of technologies for wireless communications, 3G and 4G technologies, network sharing, video for the internet, mobile payments, multi-channel advertising tools in mobiles, TV and the internet and solutions for digital security among others.” _ Marcos Vinicius de Souza Director of the Innovation Promotion Department Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade For Marcos Vinicius de Souza, Director of Innovation of the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC), Brazil has two major challenges to overcome in the next two years. “One of them is the fact that we have 12 World Cup host cities, including Porto Alegre and Manaus, located in the geographical extremes of the country. To overcome these challenges the government has set up a working group to coordinate efforts, bringing together federal ministries and agencies such as BNDES and FINEP, among others. This group is divided into 12 subgroups, among which are tourism, security, stadiums and transport,” said Souza. For him, there are three levels of business opportunities for the two sporting events. One is the direct level, which involves infrastructure, transport and stadiums and is directly managed by large consortia. The other is the indirect level, which includes consumer services such as communications, food and hospitality, among others. Finally, the third level, according to Souza, is related to demonstration opportunities such as the cosmetics and fashion, crafts, and traditional food and beverage industries, for example. “We want all of them to present innovation as a main component; we do not want them to just sell their products. They all face some kind of difficulty we have to deal with, but I would like to highlight the area of information and communication technology (ICT). An estimated $3.3 billion should be invested in ICT alone for the World Cup and the Olympics,” he said. One of the trends in ICT mentioned by Souza is the concept of “anywhere, anytime”, with an emphasis on mobile communication and the internet. To justify the focus 2nd Innovation Learning Laboratory | Brazil - Sweden | 33 on the area, he mentioned some of the industry’s figures: revenues for mobile phone operators in Brazil totaled $2 billion in 2008 and are expected to reach $8.9 billion in 2014 (with smart phones accounting for 30% of this amount). Another challenge will be to bring broadband to all regions in the country, providing the service to low-income consumers, who today still lack access to it. According to Souza, $13 billion are expected to be invested to this end. “We believe there will be opportunities for companies of all sizes, from the manufacture of components and devices to the development of technologies for wireless communications, 3G and 4G technologies, network sharing, video for the internet, mobile payments, “An estimated $3.3 billion should be invested in ICT alone for the World Cup and the Olympics”, said Marcos Vinicius de Souza, Director of Innovation of the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC) 34 | March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo multi-channel advertising tools in mobiles, TV and the internet and solutions for digital security among others,” he said. “We are also anticipating developments in 3D technologies and holography, but we do not know if they will be mature enough. We will have many solutions for touch screen panels, and to manage it all we need really robust business intelligence systems for the companies. Thus, we imagine that the software industry will grow substantially to manage it all anywhere, anytime,” he said. The third trend mentioned by Souza was the green IT concept. This means that for the ICT sector the equipment should be more efficient with lower emissions of pollutants. “To this end, specific solutions should be designed such as more efficient data centers and more economical and effective media centers, with great opportunities for manufacturers of servers and data storage systems. We also anticipate substantial developments in the area of virtual reality. Our crystal ball predicts the opportunities financed by BNDES and FINEP that will emerge. Our message is that we will try to do as much as possible here in Brazil, but we know we can not do everything. Therefore, we’ll need a lot of outside help,” he said. Then it was Hans Moller’s, CEO of Ideon Science Park, turn to speak. He said that Ideon, founded in 1983 is part of the history of the development of the mobile phone. The first company to settle on the site was Ericsson, which with a group of 12 “Brazil is not made only of natural beauty. As a developing country it can be in the forefront in terms of some types of innovation.” _Reginaldo Arcuri Teacher - University of Juiz de Fora engineers developed a phone that could be carried in the pocket. “That small group today is a team of approximately 6,000 professionals in the city of Lund alone, the Park headquarters, working on mobile phones and related applications, and in the development of hardware and software platforms for the technology”, he said. Currently the park has over 500 member companies in Lund developing mobile applications. There are also facilities in Stockholm, with over a thousand companies, and in other locations in Sweden. “I think we can say that Sweden is famous for developing mobile phones. So, based on this project and the opportunities described, I have a proposal to make. When thinking about mobile phones and smart phones we can say that today they are many things: a wallet, TV, radio, identity card, driver’s license, i.e., almost anything. My idea is to replace tickets by the mobile phone and develop services with the device, for both during the event (like when buying something to eat, photographing the match) and in pre-event services - when buying tickets, for example, the phone goes along, loaded with various types of applications, information about the teams, communication with other players,” said Moller. However, according to the CEO of Ideon, the key to this innovation is not in the government agents and researchers gathered in the laboratory. “These activities can be carried out by young people 15 to 18 years old. Therefore, a proposal would be to connect students (young Swedes and Brazilians) who, along with the technicians would work on new ideas for all these fantastic things to be created,” he said. Carl Wickman, director of the ICT Services Division at VINNOVA believes that Swedish companies could be involved in infrastructure as well. “I know that Ericsson was involved in the last World Cup. When looking at the side of innovation, with the 2nd Innovation Learning Laboratory | Brazil - Sweden | 35 “Depending on the location of the spectator in the stadium, it would be possible to obtain different services such as information on various aspects of the competition. This is an exciting future!” _Carl Wickman Director of the ICT Services Division - VINNOVA excellent predictions of the ‘crystal ball’ about what the world will be like when these predictions come true, I believe that sensors and other items will be useful not only for the matches but for other applications as well,” he said. Another issue raised by Wickman was the possibility of developing a positioning service. “Depending on the location of the spectator in the stadium, it would be possible to obtain different services such as information on various aspects of the competition. This is an exciting future,” he said. A project already developed by VINNOVA, he added, is a positioning service in real time – which, however, is not intended for big competitions - and that can be sized for any event. “You can get all the information by mobile phone in real time, like finding out where your friends are 36 | March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo and what is happening in other arenas,” explained the director, who made one more suggestion: a system to locate all players on the field all the time, and that would serve to build statistical tables about what each athlete does.” This product is very successful and has been exported to over 100 countries. And it can also be used in combination with social networking,” he suggested. With regard to the collaboration of VINNOVA, Wickman noted that the agency could identify Swedish funding sources and receive appropriate proposals, since this type of collaboration is in tune with the purposes of the institution. “I hope that Sweden will participate in this exciting project, because there are great opportunities,” he concluded. CONCLUSIONS OF THE LABORATORY After the fourth and final panel, Roberto Alvarez, Manager of International Affairs of ABDI summarized some of the main ideas and business opportunities discussed throughout the day. He said most of the opportunities identified were in the energy sector and especially in the health industrial complex, soft-landing opportunities and co-incubation of companies. Alvarez also pointed out that ABDI had received an offer from the Ministry of Health for a joint project. “We too have learned a lot about the ICT sector by hearing Marcos Vinicius talk about items that will be developed for both sporting events - the World Cup and the Olympics - and Project 14 Bis”, he said. The manager of ABDI also highlighted two cases in progress, such as those of Scania / VSE and Saab, the latter referring to the company’s initiative to establish a research center in the country. Alvarez also underlined the academic connections and their relations to industry, the exchange of students. “Bringing together students from both countries is something that we had not thought about yet,” he said. In the first panel on technology projects for industrial purposes, the most important point to Alvarez was the issue of aligning interests and tools. In the second panel on bilateral initiatives, he highlighted innovation environments such as business incubators and technology parks. For Alvarez, the discussion resulted in four essential conditions. First, the need for readiness and preparedness, since innovation environments need to be ready and prepared. Second, parks and incubators should be agents of connection to establish relationships with large companies. 2nd Innovation Learning Laboratory | Brazil - Sweden | 37 In terms of value creation, an afterthought raised by Wikings Machado, which Alvarez believes to be closely linked to readiness and preparedness, is the development of a system that includes relationships and services. “This last idea is linked to an important concept that we should all keep in mind: there are many opportunities, but it is difficult to achieve results. It’s difficult to make things happen, but with a pool of talents one can succeed,” said the manager of ABDI, who also highlighted the market issue. “And not only the domestic market, which should be used to develop solutions that can be applied in other countries,” he recalled. As for the third panel, which addressed the area of health, Roberto Alvarez believes that its most important aspect was the need for systematized processes. “We should work together, the Ministry of Health, VINNOVA and ABDI, and the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade should also be brought in. The ministry has played a major role in attracting foreign R&D into Brazil and I think we can and should work together. After all, the combination of continued processes and funding are key items in view of the many opportunities available,” he said. Eduardo Jorge, representing the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade said the ministry is willing to study the cofinancing of initiatives for developing the health industrial complex,” he said. He also reminded the Swedes that the venture capital industry has grown more than 50% a year in the country over the past 6 years. 38 | March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo At the end of the event, Alvarez highlighted the points to be worked on: the development of a process to support ideas to be transformed into projects, the mapping of funding possibilities, the continuity of the dialogue and the systematization and distribution of information on what was done and discussed so far. Regarding the last session on Project 14 Bis and opportunities for the World Cup and the Olympics, Alvarez said that for him, the focus was on creativity. “Something essential in any process is training and putting talented young people in the same environment to create solutions and generate innovations. I think Ideon is working on it: creative solutions,” he said. With respect to the next steps, Alvarez stressed four points on which there was consensus among participants in the Innovation Learning Laboratory and that should be addressed in the near future. The first point is the need to develop reference and work processes to guide participants in the BrazilSweden dialogue on innovation. One of the ideas discussed concerns setting up a reference process informing Brazilian and Swedish researchers, executives and entrepreneurs of the instruments available to support bilateral innovation projects at each phase - from basic research to market launch. Along the same line, the group discussed the development of a work process to guide participants on how ABDI, VINNOVA and public partners on both sides can foster the structuring and implementation of bilateral innovation projects, from the emergence of ideas to the possible implementation of such projects. Second, ABDI and VINNOVA will study ways to foster the development of innovation projects by supporting exchange visits and connections between companies and research institutions. The third point is the need not only to continue promoting connections with Brazilian and Swedish organizations but also to work on the design of possible new instruments to specifically support bilateral projects. Finally, to systematize information on initiatives already developed and ideas for projects presented and discussed, thus giving visibility to opportunities and the work done - reports on the two Innovation Learning Laboratories held in 2010 and 2011 will be published shortly.Among Serger’s suggestions is the need for everyone to stay focused and have concrete goals, both in the laboratories and in the choice of topics of common interest and benefits. She also highlighted the issue of the early involvement of partnerships and the need for synchronization between the countries. “What also impresses me a lot, when you look at the levels of readiness and preparedness for internationalization is that there are major differences between the two cultures. And that is why something that should be necessary is to remember that if the Swedes want to do soft-landings in Brazil, they have to become familiarized with the local prerequisites”, she said. For Serger, especially in relation to the World Cup and the Olympics, the focus should be on seeking synchronization, encouraging students and being very concrete. “I think this shows what I believe can be done in the 3rd Innovation Laboratory that scheduled to place the next fall in Sweden”, she concluded. “There is a wide range of opportunities that were here identified and commented over the day. Turning them into concrete projects will require a lot of effort and the continuity of the dialogue. Our challenge is to turn ideas into action and results. We can combine resources and capabilities from the two countries to do so.” 2nd Innovation Learning Laboratory | Brazil - Sweden | 39 Lista de Participantes ABDI Adriane Aragão Bianca Schnaider Smolarek Carlos Nogueira Clayton Campanhola Eduardo Rodrigues de Rezende Jackson D Toni Joana Wightman Patricia Lima Favaretto Patricia Vicentini Roberto Alvarez Wilker Ribeiro Filho Brazilian Association of the Industry of Medical, Dental, Hospital and Laboratory Articles and Equipment - ABIMO Franco Pallamolla Vicente Barbosa AGENDE Guarulhos Devanildo Damião Paulo Gonçalves National Association of Entities Promoting Innovative Enterprises - ANPROTEC Guilherme Ary Plonski Akaer Engineering Cesar Augusto da Silva Fernando Ferraz CEMIG Anderson Fleming de Souza Allagi - Open Innovation Services Régis Assao Brazilian Ministry of Health Eduardo Jorge Valadares Oliveira 40 | March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo Brazilian Development Bnak - BNDES Flávia Kickinger Brazilian Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade Marcos Vinicius de Souza CERTI Foundation José Eduardo Azevedo Fiates City Hall of São Carlos Marcos A. Martinelli City Hall of São José dos Campos Claudio Maia Data Chassi Lars Birging IACIT Technological Solutions Pérsio V. S. Abrahão Eletrobras Janio Itiro Akamatsu IDEABANK Ricardo Horiuchi EMBRAER Francisco de Assis Ferreira Gomes Filho Ideon Science Park Hans Möller Federal University of Bahia Antonio Ferreira da Silva IMS Solutions Carlos Alberto Giglio Martinus C. W. Bakhuizen Federal University of Juiz de Fora Reginaldo Arcuri Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Carlos Eduardo Pereira Federal University of Tajubá Elzo Alves Aranha Federal University of the ABC Eduardo Gueron Inotech - Innovation and Technology Rene Nardi Institute for Technological Research - IPT Eduardo Valle Karolinska Science Park Märit Johansson Mecano-científica Industry Lucas Canello Franceschini Federation of Industries of the State of Paraná FIEP Wikings Marcelo Machado Mjärdevi Science Park Sten Gunnar Johansson Homine Informatics Gilberto Trivelato National Institute for Space Research - INPE Adalberto Pacífico Comiran 2nd Innovation Learning Laboratory | Brazil - Sweden | 41 Norrköping Science Park Åke Rolf Mikael Stahl Odebrecht Defense and Technology Antonio Claudio Sondermann Frega Swedish-Brazilian Research and Innovation Centre - CISB Bruno Rondani Pontifical University of Rio Grande do Sul Leandro Antonio de Lemos University of Brasilia Rosangela Medeiros RPI - Paulista Network for Innovation Altair Emboava University of Brasilia Egmar Rocha Higor Santana SAAB Anders Hagg Pontus de Laval University of São Paulo Peterson F. da Silva Mario Sergio Salerno SALT - Sea & Limno Technology Environmental Consultancy Daniel Ruffato Uppsala Innovation Centre Per Bengtsson Scania Latin America Per-Arne Eriksson Vale Energy Solutions Elso Alberti Marcelo Sáfadi Alvares Science Park of São José dos Campos Paulo C. Goulart de Miranda SPIN - Consultancy in Innovation Projects Gilberto Rigobello SwedchamBrazil Jonas Lindstrom Swedish Embassy in Brazil 42 | March . 2011 . São José dos Campos . São Paulo Västerås Science Park Peter Lundström VINNOVA Carl Wickman Ciro Vasquez Sylvia Schwaag Serger