WORLD RANKING OF
LIFE-FRIENDLY COUNTRIES
(estudo preliminar)
Palácio da Independência, LISBOA - 23 / 01 / 2007
L.BotelhoRibeiro - Universidade do Minho, Portugal
Estrutura da apresentação
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Objectivos
Construção do indicador
Resultados
Conclusões
Objectivos
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Proposta de um indicador ponderado tendo em vista a
hipotética “escolha de um país para nascer”,
maximizando as chances de sobrevivência à gestação,
do bebé juntamente com a mãe
estabelecimento de um ranking de países "amigos da
vida", com o qual os decisores políticos ou os
cidadãos poderão avaliar previamente e a posteriori o
impacto das suas decisões e escolhas políticas
relativas à Vida nascente
Construção do indicador
Requisitos para o indicador
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dados credíveis, disponíveis p/países,
acessíveis ao público em geral
evitar enviezamentos sistemáticos
construção neutra e linear
soma ponderada de i) dados estatísticos e
dum indicador sobre ii) enquadramento legal
Utilização de dados da Organização das Nações Unidas disponíveis em:
http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/abt/fabttoc.htm
Estrutura do indicador Gc
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dados estatísticos
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abortion rate (W=-2,0)
total fertility rate (W=+0,5)
maternal mortality rate (W=-3)
indicador sobre enquadramento legal

conditions for legal abortion (W=-2,3)
Gc  Wi .Pc,i
i
Abortion rate
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per 1,000 women
aged 15-44
estimated values for clandestine abortion
unless otherwise indicated. From S. Henshaw and others, Incidence
of Abortion Worldwide (International Family Planning Perspectives,
1999, vol. 25, Supplement, forthcoming).
80,00
Viet Nam
Uzbekistan
Romania
Cuba
Russia
Belarus
Yugoslavia
Estonia
Bulgaria
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Latvia
Kazakhstan
Moldova
Armenia
Hungary
Lithuania
Macedonia
Albania
China
Mongolia
Turkey
U.S.A.
Slovenia
Kyrgyzstan
Australia
Georgia
Czech
Slovakia
Rep. Korea
Sweden
New Zealand
Denmark
Azerbaijan
Singapore
Norway
Canada
Israel
Japan
Croatia
France
Ukraine
Italy
Finland
Tunisia
Switzerland
Germany
Belgium
Netherlands
Ireland
Spain
Bangladesh
South Africa
India
Portugal
Zambia
abortion rate
Normalização linear utilizada
90,00
# Abortions per 1,000 women aged 15-44, unless otherwise indicated.
70,00
60,00
50,00
40,00
30,00
20,00
10,00
0,00
Latvia
Kazakhstan
Moldova
Armenia
Hungary
Lithuania
Macedonia
Albania
China
Mongolia
Turkey
U.S.A.
Slovenia
Kyrgyzstan
Australia
Georgia
Czech
Republic
Slovakia
Rep. Korea
Sweden
New Zealand
Denmark
Azerbaijan
Singapore
Norway
Canada
Israel
Japan
Croatia
France
Ukraine
Italy
Finland
Tunisia
Switzerland
Germany
Belgium
Netherlands
Ireland
Spain
Bangladesh
South Africa
India
Portugal
Zambia
Viet Nam
Uzbekistan
Romania
Cuba
Russia
Belarus
Yugoslavia
Estonia
Bulgaria
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
log10(abortion rate)
Normaliz. logarítmica (alternativa)
2,500
2,000
log 10 ( # Abortions per 1,000 women aged 15-44, unless otherwise indicated.
1,500
1,000
0,500
0,000
-0,500
Total fertility ratio (TFR)
The total fertility rate is the average number of children
that would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime
if she were to pass through all her child-bearing years
conforming to the age-specific fertility rates of a given
year.
1,0
0,0
Spain
Czech Rp.
Italy
Romania
Bulgaria
Estonia
Germany
Greece
Latvia
Russia
Slovenia
Austria
Belarus
Bosnia
Hungary
Japan
Lithuania
Portugal
Slovakia
Ukraine
Barbados
Belgium
Canada
Cuba
Netherlands
Poland
Switzerland
Croatia
Rep. Korea
Sweden
Trinidad Tob.
Armenia
Denmark
Finland
France
Luxembourg
Singapore
Thailand
U. K.
Australia
China
Moldova
Yugoslavia
Georgia
Ireland
Malta
Mauritius
Norway
Azerbaijan
Cyprus
DPR (North) Korea
New Zealand
United States of America
Iceland
Macedonia
Sri Lanka
Suriname
Brazil
Guyana
Kazakhstan
TFR
Países com menor TFR
2,5
2,0
1,5
The total fertility rate (TFR) is the average number of children that would be born alive to a woman
during her lifetime if she were to pass through all her child-bearing years conforming to the agespecific fertility rates of a given year. The value of TFR for population settling is 2,1 .
0,5
2,0
1,0
0,0
Vanuatu
Bolivia
Haiti
Kenya
Nepal
Nicaragua
Cambodia
Papua New Guinea
Sudan
Swaziland
Comoros
Lesotho
Solomon Islands
Central African
Guatemala
Jordan
Namibia
Pakistan
Cote d'Ivoire
Gambia
Ghana
Nigeria
Cameroon
Djibouti
Iraq
Gabon
Madagascar
Maldives
Bhutan
Guinea
Mauritania
United Republic of
Equatorial Guinea
Senegal
Zambia
Eritrea
Benin
Guinea-Bissau
Lao PDR
Oman
Saudi Arabia
Chad
Congo
Sierra Leone
Togo
Rwanda
Burundi
Ethiopia
Liberia
Mozambique
Dem. Rep. Of Congo
Burkina Faso
Mali
Angola
Malawi
Niger
Afghanistan
Uganda
Somalia
Yemen
TFR
Países com maior TFR
8,0
7,0
6,0
5,0
4,0
3,0
The total fertility rate (TFR) is the average number of children that would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she were
to pass through all her child-bearing years conforming to the age-specific fertility rates of a given year. The value of TFR for
population settling is 2,1 .
Maternal mortality ratio (MMR)
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the number of deaths of women
occurring over a year while pregnant, or
within 42 days of termination of
pregnancy
irrespective of the cause of death
per 100,000 live births in that year
Data prepared by the World Health Organization and the United
Nations Children's Fund, Revised 1990 estimates of maternal
mortality: a new approach (WHO/FRH/MSM/96.11 and
UNICEF/PLN/96.1).
120
100
0
Cyprus
Portugal
Norway
Switzerland
Canada
Sweden
Spain
Israel
Denmark
United Kingdom
Australia
Ireland
Greece
Austria
Belgium
Singapore
Finland
Italy
Netherlands
United States of
Czech Republic
France
Japan
Poland
Germany
New Zealand
United Arab Emirates
Bulgaria
Kuwait
Hungary
Georgia
Samoa
Lithuania
Belarus
Latvia
Estonia
Barbados
Ukraine
Armenia
Costa Rica
Panama
Brunei Darussalam
Bahrain
Chile
Albania
Mongolia
DPR (North) Korea
Russian federation
Malaysia
Uruguay
Trinidad and Tobago
Fiji
Cuba
China
Bahamas
Argentina
Colombia
Dominican Republic
Mexico
Mauritius
MMR
Países com menor MMR
140
Maternal mortality ratio: the number of deaths of women occurring over a year while pregnant, or within 42
days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the cause of death, per 100,000 live births in that year.
Data prepared by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund, and are taken
from Revised 1990 estimates of maternal mortality: a new approach (WHO/FRH/MSM/96.11 and
UNICEF/PLN/96.1).
80
60
40
20
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
data missing for:
Iceland, Malta, Luxembourg, Eritrea, Seychelles, Sao Tome and Principe, Cape Verde, Antigua
and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Belize, Guyana, Suriname, Moldova, Slovakia, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Croatia , Holy See, San Marino, Slovenia, Macedonia, Yugoslavia, Liechtenstein, Monaco,
Solomon Islands, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Cook Islands, Niue,
Tonga, Tuvalu, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Maldives, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan,
Azerbaijan, Qatar
Portugal
Peru
Vanuatu
Philippines
El Salvador
Lebanon
Iraq
Pakistan
Namibia
Madagascar
Gabon
Cameroon
Malawi
Swaziland
Liberia
Djibouti
Zimbabwe
India
Myanmar
Morocco
Lesotho
Togo
Kenya
Bolivia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Sudan
Central African
Ghana
Tanzania
Cote d'Ivoire
Equatorial
Bangladesh
Dem. Rep. of
Congo
Cambodia
Guinea-Bissau
Burkina Faso
Mauritania
Papua New
Zambia
Comoros
Benin
Nigeria
Haiti
Gambia
Uganda
Mali
Niger
Senegal
Burundi
Rwanda
Ethiopia
Yemen
Mozambique
Angola
Chad
Nepal
Somalia
Guinea
Bhutan
Afghanistan
Sierra Leone
MMR
Países com maior MMR
Indicador da situação legislativa
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perigo de vida para a mãe (W=-0,1)
saúde física da mãe (W=-0,2)
saúde psíquica da mãe (W=-0,2)
violação / incesto (W=-0,1)
malformação do feto (W=-0,2)
razões socio-económicas (W=-0,5)
a pedido (W=-1)
Peso total: W = -2,3
-1
-2,5
Albania
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Cambodia
Canada
Cape Verde
China
Croatia
Cuba
Czech Republic
Denmark
DPR (North) Korea
Estonia
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Guyana
Hungary
Italy
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Lithuania
Macedonia
Moldova
Mongolia
Netherlands
Norway
Romania
Russian federation
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Africa
Sweden
Tajikistan
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
U.S.A.
Uzbekistan
Viet Nam
Yugoslavia
Barbados
Finland
Iceland
India
Luxembourg
Portugal
legislation indicator
Países com legislação mais
permissiva
0
-0,5
U.N. abortion permission classification - To save the w oman's life,
To preserve physical health, To preserve mental health, Rape or
incest, Foetal impairment, Economic or social reasons, On request
(ultimate degree)
-1,5
-2
legislation indicator
-0,8
-1
-1,2
-1,4
Saint Vincent & Grenadines
Belize
United Kingdom
Zambia
Fiji
Japan
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Cyprus
Ghana
Israel
Liberia
Namibia
New Zealand
Poland
Portugal
Seychelles
Spain
Kuwait
Qatar
Argentina
Bolivia
Cameroon
Ecuador
Republic of Korea
Thailand
Uruguay
Zimbabwe
Algeria
Bahamas
Burundi
Comoros
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia
Grenada
Guinea
Jamaica
Jordan
Kenya
Liechtenstein
Malaysia
Morocco
Mozambique
Nauru
Nigeria
Niue
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Peru
Rwanda
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Países moderadamente
permissivos
0
-0,2
-0,4
-0,6
U.N. abortion permission classification - To save the
woman's life, To preserve physical health, To preserve
mental health, Rape or incest, Foetal impairment, Economic
or social reasons, On request (ultimate degree)
legislation indicator
0
-0,1
-0,2
-0,3
-0,4
-0,5
-0,6
-0,7
-0,8
-0,9
-1
Portugal
Congo
Cote d'Ivoire
Dem. Rep. Of Congo
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Egypt
Gabon
Guatemala
Guinea-Bissau
Haiti
Honduras
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Kiribati
Lao PDR
Lebanon
Lesotho
Libyan Arab
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Micronesia
Monaco
Myanmar
Nepal
Nicaragua
Niger
Oman
Palau
Paraguay
Philippines
San Marino
Sao Tome and
Senegal
Solomon Islands
Somalia
Sri Lanka
Suriname
Swaziland
Syrian Arab Republic
Togo
Tonga
Tuvalu
United Arab Emirates
Venezuela
Yemen
Chile
El Salvador
Holy See
Malta
Países com legislação restritiva
U.N. abortion permission classification - To save the w oman's life,
To preserve physical health, To preserve mental health, Rape or
incest, Foetal impairment, Economic or social reasons, On request
(ultimate degree)
Resultados
Top10 do indicador actual
WORLD RANKING
OF LIFE-FRIENDLY
COUNTRIES
Abortion
Total
rate
fertility rate
WEIGHT -2,00
0,5
Maternal
mortality
ratio
-3
To save the
woman's life
-0,1
To preserve To preserve
physical
mental
health
health
-0,2
-0,2
Rape or
incest
-0,1
Foetal
impairment
-0,2
Economic
GUIMARÃES
or social
On
reasons request
INDEX
-0,5
-1
Ireland
Switzerland
-0,13
0,06
-0,01
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-0,18
-0,19
0,03
0,00
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-0,66
Portugal
-0,05
0,02
0,00
1
1
1
1
1
-
-
-0,83
Spain
-0,13
0,00
0,00
1
1
1
1
1
-
-
-0,93
Israel
-0,34
0,12
0,00
1
1
1
1
1
-
-
-1,02
New Zealand
-0,39
0,07
-0,03
1
1
1
1
1
-
-
-1,15
Japan
-0,31
0,02
-0,02
1
1
-
1
-
1
-
-1,21
Republic of Korea
-0,46
0,04
-0,21
1
1
1
1
-
-
-
-1,23
Bangladesh
-0,08
0,15
-1,41
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-1,44
Finland
-0,23
0,05
-0,01
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
-1,49
"Guimarães" life-friendliness indicator
-3,00
Ireland
Switzerland
Portugal
Spain
Israel
New Zealand
Japan
Republic of Korea
Bangladesh
Finland
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Oman
Brunei Darussalam
Nicaragua
Paraguay
Colombia
Guatemala
Dominican Republic
India
Venezuela
Iran
Syrian Arab Republic
Egypt
Honduras
Mauritius
Mexico
Sri Lanka
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Iraq
Samoa
El Salvador
Saudi Arabia
Philippines
Panama
Zambia
Netherlands
Belgium
Jordan
Costa Rica
Malaysia
Brazil
Lebanon
Germany
Bahamas
Algeria
France
South Africa
Italy
Ranking actual
0,00
G -1,5
-0,50
-1,00
-1,50
-2,00
-2,50
Cenário de aprovação do aborto
“a pedido” em Portugal...
WORLD RANKING
OF LIFE-FRIENDLY
COUNTRIES
Abortion
Total
rate
fertility rate
WEIGHT -2,00
0,5
Maternal
mortality
ratio
-3
To save the
woman's life
-0,1
To preserve To preserve
physical
mental
health
health
-0,2
-0,2
Rape or
incest
-0,1
Foetal
impairment
-0,2
Economic
GUIMARÃES
or social
On
reasons request
INDEX
-0,5
-1
Ireland
Switzerland
-0,13
0,06
-0,01
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-0,18
-0,19
0,03
0,00
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-0,66
Spain
-0,13
0,00
0,00
1
1
1
1
1
-
-
-0,93
Israel
-0,34
0,12
0,00
1
1
1
1
1
-
-
-1,02
New Zealand
-0,39
0,07
-0,03
1
1
1
1
1
-
-
-1,15
Japan
-0,31
0,02
-0,02
1
1
-
1
-
1
-
-1,21
Republic of Korea
-0,46
0,04
-0,21
1
1
1
1
-
-
-
-1,23
Bangladesh
-0,08
0,15
-1,41
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-1,44
Finland
-0,23
0,05
-0,01
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
-1,49
Portugal
-0,05
0,02
0,00
1
1
1
1
1
-
1
-1,83
"Guimarães" life-friendliness indicator
-3,00
Ireland
Switzerland
Spain
Israel
New Zealand
Japan
Republic of Korea
Bangladesh
Finland
Portugal
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Oman
Brunei Darussalam
Nicaragua
Paraguay
Colombia
Guatemala
Dominican Republic
India
Venezuela
Iran
Syrian Arab Republic
Egypt
Honduras
Mauritius
Mexico
Sri Lanka
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Iraq
Samoa
El Salvador
Saudi Arabia
Philippines
Panama
Zambia
Netherlands
Belgium
Jordan
Costa Rica
Malaysia
Brazil
Lebanon
Germany
Bahamas
Algeria
France
South Africa
Italy
Ranking no cenário de aborto “a
pedido” em Portugal...
0,00
G -1,5
-0,50
-1,00
-1,50
-2,00
-2,50
Conclusões
Conclusões gerais
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Indicador sólido e de fácil utilização
Ranking consistente com observação: países
tidos como pró-Vida aparecem no topo
opção: normalização linear X logarítmica
Afinação dos pesos
Falta de outros dados (ajudas à maternidade,
factores culturais, ...)
Criação duma perspectiva de benchmarking
para políticas orientadas à Vida
Resultados identificam clusters de países
Conclusões : situação portuguesa
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Utilização de dados actualizados
Situação actual muito destacada (3º)
Risco de descida para a “segunda divisão”
(10ª posição) na escala pró-Vida, por
penalização no factor legislativo, apesar de
alguns indicadores estatísticos muito positivos

Descida agravada para 31º considerando que on request
implica também economic or social reasons
«Naquela biografiazinha que estive escrevendo um pouco a
pedido do amigo, ponho a ideia de que eu, quando chegou a
minha hora de nascer no céu das ideias, estava atento ao
globo terrestre que ia passando pela frente à espera de
encontrar uma terra que me agradasse. E, como eu,
estavam outros: quer dizer, toda a gente escolhe o lugar
onde nasce. Que nascer não é uma fatalidade, mas uma
escolha pré-consciente, daquela consciência que se perde
quando se voa do Céu para a Terra, como dizia Platão…»
in “vida conversável”, Agostinho da Silva, ed. Assírio e
Alvim, 2ª edição, 1998, pág. 16