Regional Systems for Innovation and
Entrepneurship: Challenges and Future Roads
Emídio Ferreira Gomes
Porto University
“ We need to review our specific strategies to develop
the different sectors of our economy. Find new ways
to attract investments. Implement policies to keep
growing faster than other developed countries can.
What made us successful in the past may not work in
the coming years."
Lee Hsien Loong
Primeiro Ministro de Singapura
27 Maio 2009
“Se o teu trabalho pode ser
feito mais barato por alguem
na Ásia ou mais rápida e
eficientemente por um
computador algures …
o teu emprego estará em
risco”
Thomas Friedman
Conferencia em 2007
• Idem se o teu trabalho
qualificado numa empresa
internacional pode ser feito
por um colega teu em
Madrid, Paris, Londres …
– Emigração de elites
Um mundo em
transformação ...
• Economia globalizada tem lógica diferente
Funciona em rede
Enfoque nos maiores mercados
Efeito gravítico sobre menores
Emprego qualificado
Talento
Investimento ...
 Nova geografia económica
Perdedores: pequenos países / periféricos
Uma doença invisível chamada
“PERIFERICIDADE”
Um mundo em
transformação ...
Mas economia em rede também
cria novas rotas de pessoas,
inovação, riqueza
Novos pólos de crescimento
Um mundo em
transformação ...
• Na economia global, para um
pais da dimensão de Portugal,
– Os problemas são por definição
pequenos,
– Mas as oportunidades podem
ser
enormes.
• Aproveitar ainda que apenas
uma oportunidade pode fazer
a diferença para a nossa
economia
THE KEY FOR VALUE GENERATION IN A COUNTRY IN A CONNECTED
WORLD, IS NOT SO MUCH WHERE YOU BUILD THE R & D, AS THE
PRESENCE OF ENTREPRENEURS WHO MANAGE TO CAPTURE
KNOWLEDGE, VENTURE CAPITAL, ORCHESTRATING RESOURCES,
LAUNCH NEW PRODUCTS TO MARKET, DISTRIBUTE AND SELL,…..
ISB- International comparison
• The US innovation performance reflects an innovation system
characterised by goodlevels of tertiary education, good linkages
between the public science system an d the private sector, strong
private investment in R&D and a successful commercialisation of
technological knowledge.
• Less marked, but not decreasing either is the performance lead of
Japan over the EU27. Japan’s performance is clearly ahead in
Business R&D expenditure and is growing faster than the EU in this
field.
• Compared to China and Brazil, the EU still has a clear innovation
performance lead. Based on a common set of 12 indicators, this
lead, however, is declining fast.
Inovation Scoreboard, 2010
The Scoreboard places Member States into four country groups
1 - Innovation leaders
(performance well above EU27 average):
Denmark, Finland, Germany, Sweden.
1
1
1
2
4
4
2
2
2
2
3
2
2 3
3
3 - Moderate innovators
(performance below EU27 average):
Croatia, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia and
Spain is.
3
1
2
3
2
2 - Innovation followers
(performance close to EU27 average):
Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, France,
Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Slovenia
and the UK.
3
3
4
3
4 - Modest innovators
(performance well below EU27 average):
Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania.
4
3
Source: Inovation Scoreboard, 2010
3
2
The Scoreboard places Member States into the
following four country groups
• Innovation leaders: Denmark, Finland, Germany, Sweden all
show a performance well above that of the EU27 average.
• Innovation followers: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, France,
Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Slovenia and the UK all show
a performance close to that of the EU27 average.
• Moderate innovators: The performance of Croatia, Czech
Republic, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Poland, Portugal,
Slovakia and Spain is below that of the EU27 average.
•
• Modest innovators: The performance of Bulgaria, Latvia,
Lithuania and Romania is well below that of the EU27 average.
Inovation Scoreboard, 2010
Portugal - The innovation indicators
• Portugal is one of the moderate innovators with a below average
performance.
• Relative strengths are in Open, excellent and attractive research
systems, Finance and support and Innovators. Relative weaknesses
are in Firm investments, Intellectual assets and Outputs.
• Positive growth is observed for most indicators, and in particular
for Business R&D expenditure, PCT patent applications in societal
challenges and Community designs. A substantial decline can be
observed for Venture capital and Non-R&D innovation expenditure
over the 5 year reference period, although Venture capital has
almost doubled in 2009 with respect to 2008. Growth performance
in Open, excellent and attractive research systems, Linkages &
entrepreneurship and Intellectual assets is above average. In the
other dimensions it is below average.
Portugal - The innovation indicators
• Portugal is one of the moderate innovators with a below average
performance.
• Relative strengths are in Open, excellent and attractive research
systems, Finance and support and Innovators. Relative weaknesses
are in Firm investments, Intellectual assets and Outputs.
• Positive growth is observed for most indicators, and in particular
for Business R&D expenditure, PCT patent applications in societal
challenges and Community designs. A substantial decline can be
observed for Venture capital and Non-R&D innovation expenditure
over the 5 year reference period, although Venture capital has
almost doubled in 2009 with respect to 2008. Growth performance
in Open, excellent and attractive research systems, Linkages &
entrepreneurship and Intellectual assets is above average. In the
other dimensions it is below average.
Portugal - The innovation indicators
Dinâmica
Exportadora
Segmento
PME Líder
Indíce de Exportação
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
>33%
50%
10%-33%
<10%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
PME Líder 2011
6.500 empresas
Financiamento: capital de risco em percentagem do PIB | 2008
0.25
Early development and expansion
Seed/start-up
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
Fonte: OECD Entrepreneurship Financing Database, based on ECVA, ABS, VEC, NVCA, KVCA, NZVCA
17
Princípios da Política de Inovação
Princípios
Colocar a empresa no
centro do sistema de
inovação
Criar as condições de
mercado adequadas
através do Estado
Apoiar o desenvolvimento
de redes de
inovação
Potenciar os sectores
económicos com maior
impacto inovador
Racional
A empresa é a entidade capaz de captar o benefício da inovação e de o
transformar em valor económico e social .
O Estado, enquanto grande comprador de produtos e serviços pode
criar uma procura exigente e sofisticada de modo a funcionar como
catalisador da inovação.
As redes de indivíduos e instituições ( públicas e privadas), em particular
empresas e universidades, são plataformas essenciais para criar sinergias,
minimizar riscos e transformar o capital intelectual em valor.
Existem sectores económicos que pela sua abrangência horizontal ou
efeito de demonstração podem influenciar a modernização da economia
e aumentar a competitividade do país.
Necessário acordar um conjunto de princípios que sirvam de base a uma política integral, coerente e sistémica
de inovação para o país e ao consequente modelo organizativo e operativo
Portugal: A Promising SP Network
A Promising Future
WIPRO Technologies
Instituto Europeu de Excelência em
Medicina REgenerativa
Which way to go ?
• create value from economic activity!