Workshop
Writing Scientific Papers:
Title
Clovis Torres Fernandes
Learning and Interaction Laboratory – LAI
Computer Science Department – IEC
Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica – ITA
Which paper would YOU
sooner read? Why?
Which paper would YOU
sooner read? Why?
Which paper would YOU
sooner read? Why?
The Effect of
Smoking on
Academic
Performance
Students
Who Smoke
Get Lower
Grades
Which paper would YOU
sooner read? Why?
The Effect of
Smoking on
Academic
Performance
Students
Who Smoke
Get Lower
Grades
Which paper would YOU
sooner read? Why?
Animal
Testing for
Flu Viruses
Polymerase
Chain
Reaction
Testing of
Dogs for the
H1N1 Virus
Which paper would YOU
sooner read? Why?
Animal
Testing for
Flu Viruses
Polymerase
Chain
Reaction
Testing of
Dogs for the
H1N1 Virus
Workshop Goals
 To present some
tips for writing good
titles for scientific papers
hands-on experience
applying some of the tips to real
examples
 To gain
"A naturalist's life
would be a happy one
if he had only to
observe and never to
write.''
"A naturalist's life
would be a happy one
if he had only to
observe and never to
write.''
Charles Darwin
Title
Paper
Structure
Keywords
Tip 11: Writing Process
2. Title: Preliminary Version
10. Title: Final Version
If the paper title is poorly
written, …
The reader will be unable to
know what you have done!
The reader will be unable to
capture your message!
“You don’t get a second chance
to make a first impression”
Old Saying
Imagine you’re entitled to
explain the essential of your
research to Bill Gates in just
10s!
How do you do that?
The title is intended to capture
the reader’s attention with
words and terms that highlight
the content (or message) of the
paper!
Objetivo de um Título
Espelhar o foco de atenção ou
conteúdo essencial do artigo
Use palavras-chave fortemente
associadas aos resultados do
artigo
Formato
[primeira parte][: Segunda parte]
Obrigatória
Opcional
Exemplo
[primeira parte apenas]
Parameter-based Refactoring
and the Relationship with Fanin/Fan-out Coupling
Exemplo
[primeira parte: Segunda parte]
Rubric-referenced Assessment
in Teacher Preparation: An
Opportunity to Learn by Using
Write a title for the following abstract
“This study suggests that students use rubrics to
support their own learning and academic
performance. In focus groups, fourteen
undergraduate students discussed the ways in which
they used rubrics to plan an approach to an
assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on
feedback from others. The students said that using
rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work
of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less
anxious about an assignment. Their comments also
revealed that most of the students tend not to read a
rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a
rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s
demands rather than as a representation of the
criteria and standards of a discipline."
Properties of Good Titles
A. Concise
A. Clear
B. Informative (Very specific, not too
broad)
C. Relevant to the Target Audience
Why would YOU sooner read
the paper on the right?
Fail: B and C
Why would YOU sooner read
the paper on the right?
The Effect of
Smoking on
Academic
Performance
Fail: B and C
Students
Who Smoke
Get Lower
Grades
Why would YOU sooner read
the paper on the right?
Animal
Testing for
Flu Viruses
Fail: B and C
Polymerase
Chain
Reaction
Testing of
Dogs for the
H1N1 Virus
What do you think about
these titles?
“Research on data mining”
“Contributions to Information Theory”
“Some research on job assignment in
cluster computing”
“A new framework for distributed
computing”.
<
All of them are general titles!
So, ...
Avoid general titles!
Additional Properties
 Avoid abbreviations
 Avoid parenthesized information
 Avoid mathematical formulas
 Avoid using references
Revise the title for this abstract
“This study suggests that students use rubrics to
support their own learning and academic
performance. In focus groups, fourteen
undergraduate students discussed the ways in which
they used rubrics to plan an approach to an
assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on
feedback from others. The students said that using
rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work
of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less
anxious about an assignment. Their comments also
revealed that most of the students tend not to read a
rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a
rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s
demands rather than as a representation of the
criteria and standards of a discipline."
Be concise
 How long should a title be?
 Two answers:
 The
 +-
length should be just right
10 to 12 words
 Occam’s Razor!
Cut the clutter
 “a study of”
 “new”
 “investigation of”
 “improved”
 “development of”
 “novel”
 “observations on”
 “validated”
 “validation”
 “state of the art”
Exemplo de concisão:
 Utilização de AVAs 3D na Educacão a
Distância
 8 palavras
 Não é um bom título por outros motivos!
Contraexemplo de concisão:
 O Ensino do Atletismo por meio de
Filmes da Internet: Contribuições das
Novas Tecnologias de Informação e
Comunicação para a Educação Física
 22 palavras
 Também não é um bom título por outros
motivos!
Revise the title for this abstract
“This study suggests that students use rubrics to
support their own learning and academic
performance. In focus groups, fourteen
undergraduate students discussed the ways in which
they used rubrics to plan an approach to an
assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on
feedback from others. The students said that using
rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work
of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less
anxious about an assignment. Their comments also
revealed that most of the students tend not to read a
rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a
rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s
demands rather than as a representation of the
criteria and standards of a discipline."
Be clear
 There should only be one meaning to a
title
 Show the title to colleagues and see
what message they capture from your
words
The following titles are
clear?
 H1N1 Virus Testing on Mice Using
Polymerase Chain Reaction
 Treatment of Pediatric Melanoma
Patients with Lasers
The following titles are
clear now?
 Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing of
Mice for the H1N1 Virus
 Laser Treatment for Pediatric
Melanoma
Be informative
 Be very specific, not too broad
 Use Occam’s razor, but keeping the
title complete
Make the titles more
informative
 Aplicação de modelos computacionais no
ensino de funções do 2º grau com o
Modellus
 WebLab um laboratório de acesso remoto
controlado através da Internet. Um estudo
de caso de um VANT Veículo Aéreo Não
Tripulado
 A televisão Digital no Contexto
Educacional
Which one is more
informative? Put in order!
 Effect of Statins on Serum Cholesterol
 Statins and Cholesterol
 Statin Therapy Reduces Serum
Cholesterol in Patients with
Cardiovascular Disease
 Reduction of Serum Cholesterol with
Statin Therapy
Order:
 Statins and Cholesterol
 Effect of Statins on Serum Cholesterol
 Reduction of Serum Cholesterol with
Statin Therapy
 Statin Therapy Reduces Serum
Cholesterol in Patients with
Cardiovascular Disease
Order:
 Statin Therapy Reduces Serum
Cholesterol in Patients with
Cardiovascular Disease
 Independent variable (statin therapy)
 The dependent variable (cholesterol)
 The observed effect
(reduction/increase/no effect)
 The patient population studied
(cardiovascular disease)
Why Not?
 Reduction of Serum Cholesterol with
Statin Therapy in Patients with
Cardiovascular Disease
Because …
 “Reduction” is a result of nominalizing
verb “reduce”: nominalization!
 We should avoid to use a
nominalization
 Use instead the correspondent verb!
So …
 Use:
Statin Therapy Reduces Serum
Cholesterol in Patients with
Cardiovascular Disease
 Instead:
Reduction of Serum Cholesterol with
Statin Therapy in Patients with
Cardiovascular Disease
Improve the title below
 Produção e utilização de material
didático multimídia para estudo de
conceitos matemáticos
Use Key Words and
Terms Wisely
 Use the same terms as defined in
indexing services (e.g.,
ACM/IEEE/SWEBoK) and search
engines (e.g., Google)
Use Key Words and
Terms Wisely
 Avoid using generic terms such as
animal, bacteria, antibiotic,
implementation, calculation, evaluation,
development, or process!
 Use the same terms used throughout
the paper!
Revise the following titles
 Development and Evaluation of a New
ELISA for the Improved Detection of
Lupus-Specific Antinuclear Antibodies
 A Validated Method for the Sensitive
Quantification of Sirolimus in Whole
Blood by the Use of Online Extraction
Connected to Liquid Chromatography–
Mass Spectrometry
Possible solutions
 Development and Evaluation of a New
ELISA for the Improved Detection of
Lupus-Specific Antinuclear Antibodies
 ELISA with Improved Detection of
Lupus-Specific Antinuclear Antibodies
 ELISA for Detecting Lupus-Specific
Antinuclear Antibodies
Possible solution
 A Validated Method for the Sensitive
Quantification of Sirolimus in Whole
Blood by the Use of Online Extraction
Connected to Liquid Chromatography–
Mass Spectrometry
 Quantification of Whole-Blood Sirolimus
by Online Extraction Liquid
Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Revise the title for this abstract
“This study suggests that students use rubrics to
support their own learning and academic
performance. In focus groups, fourteen
undergraduate students discussed the ways in which
they used rubrics to plan an approach to an
assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on
feedback from others. The students said that using
rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work
of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less
anxious about an assignment. Their comments also
revealed that most of the students tend not to read a
rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a
rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s
demands rather than as a representation of the
criteria and standards of a discipline."
How to write an effective
title
 http://www.editage.com/resources/art11
.html
Step 1
1. Answer the questions:

What is my paper about?

What techniques/ designs were used?

Who/what is studied?

What were the results?
Step 1
 My paper studies whether X therapy
improves the cognitive function of
patients suffering from dementia
 It was a randomized trial
 I studied 40 cases from six cities in
Japan
 There was an improvement in the
cognitive function of patients
Apply Step 1 here
“This study suggests that students use rubrics to
support their own learning and academic
performance. In focus groups, fourteen
undergraduate students discussed the ways in which
they used rubrics to plan an approach to an
assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on
feedback from others. The students said that using
rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work
of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less
anxious about an assignment. Their comments also
revealed that most of the students tend not to read a
rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a
rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s
demands rather than as a representation of the
criteria and standards of a discipline."
Step 2
2. Use your answers (and indexing
services or ontologies) and list key
words
Step 2
 X therapy
 Randomized trial
 Dementia
 6 Japanese cities
 40 cases
 Improved cognitive function
Apply Step 2 here
“This study suggests that students use rubrics to
support their own learning and academic
performance. In focus groups, fourteen
undergraduate students discussed the ways in which
they used rubrics to plan an approach to an
assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on
feedback from others. The students said that using
rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work
of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less
anxious about an assignment. Their comments also
revealed that most of the students tend not to read a
rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a
rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s
demands rather than as a representation of the
criteria and standards of a discipline."
Step 3
3. Build a sentence with these key words
This study is a randomized trial that
investigates whether X therapy
improved cognitive function in 40
dementia patients from 6 cities in
Japan; it reports improved cognitive
function. (28 words)
Apply Step 3 here
“This study suggests that students use rubrics to
support their own learning and academic
performance. In focus groups, fourteen
undergraduate students discussed the ways in which
they used rubrics to plan an approach to an
assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on
feedback from others. The students said that using
rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work
of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less
anxious about an assignment. Their comments also
revealed that most of the students tend not to read a
rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a
rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s
demands rather than as a representation of the
criteria and standards of a discipline."
Step 4: Cut the clutter
4. Delete all waste words (e.g., study of,
investigates) and repetitive words; link
the remaining.
This study is a randomized trial that
Step 4
 Randomized trial of X therapy for
improving cognitive function in 40
dementia patients from 6 cities in
Japan (18 words)
Apply Step 4 here
“This study suggests that students use rubrics to
support their own learning and academic
performance. In focus groups, fourteen
undergraduate students discussed the ways in which
they used rubrics to plan an approach to an
assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on
feedback from others. The students said that using
rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work
of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less
anxious about an assignment. Their comments also
revealed that most of the students tend not to read a
rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a
rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s
demands rather than as a representation of the
criteria and standards of a discipline."
Step 5
 Delete non-essential information and
reword
 Randomized trial of X therapy for
improving cognitive function in 40
dementia patients from 6 cities in
Japan
Step 5
 “Randomized trial of X therapy for
improving cognitive function in 40
dementia patients”
(13 words)
OR (reworded with subtitle and a focus on
the results)
 “X therapy improves cognitive function
in 40 dementia patients: A randomized
trial”
(12 words)
Apply Step 5 here
“This study suggests that students use rubrics to
support their own learning and academic
performance. In focus groups, fourteen
undergraduate students discussed the ways in which
they used rubrics to plan an approach to an
assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on
feedback from others. The students said that using
rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work
of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less
anxious about an assignment. Their comments also
revealed that most of the students tend not to read a
rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a
rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s
demands rather than as a representation of the
criteria and standards of a discipline."
Student perspectives on rubric-referenced
assessment
Heidi Andrade, and Ying Du University at
Albany
“This study suggests that students use rubrics to
support their own learning and academic
performance. In focus groups, fourteen
undergraduate students discussed the ways in which
they used rubrics to plan an approach to an
assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on
feedback from others. The students said that using
rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work
of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less
anxious about an assignment. Their comments also
revealed that most of the students tend not to read a
rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a
rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s
demands rather than as a representation of the
criteria and standards of a discipline."
Exemplos de Títulos de Artigos
 Framework para seleção de ferramentas da web 2.0





para utilização no contexto educativo
Utilização de AVAs 3D na Educacão a Distância
O Ensino do Atletismo por meio de Filmes da
Internet: Contribuições das Novas Tecnologias de
Informação e Comunicação para a Educação Física
Produção e utilização de material didático multimídia
para estudo de conceitos matemáticos
Produção de Material Didático Digital no Formato
ePub
Utilização de Qualidade do Contexto (QoC) para o
tratamento de informações em um ambiente virtual
de aprendizagem ubíquo
Exemplos de Títulos de Artigos
 Classificação de Teleconsultorias: Educação





Permanente de Equipes de Saúde da Família
através do Projeto Telessaúde-RS
O processo de alfabetização e as tecnologias
digitais: uma análise sobre o software Coelho Sabido
O Moodle na Universidade XX: as estratégias
pedagógicas na atualização de versão
Considerações iniciais sobre as possibilidades de
uso do celular na escola: Educação Física em foco
Plataforma Web para Auxílio ao Ensino de
Processamento Digital de Imagens
Aplicação de modelos computacionais no ensino de
funções do 2º grau com o Modellus
Exemplos de Títulos de Artigos
 Recomendando Objetos de Aprendizagem a partir





das hashtags postadas no Moodle
Modelo de Gestão de Videoconferência na
Educação: tecnologia, copresença e interaçãomgve-tci
WebLab um laboratório de acesso remoto controlado
através da Internet. Um estudo de caso de um VANT
Veículo Aéreo Não Tripulado
Estado da Arte da videoaula no cenário educacional
a distância brasileiro
GAES Guia de Acesso ao Ensino Superior
A televisão Digital no Contexto Educacional
Exemplos de Títulos de Artigos
 Desafios na Evolução do Ensino de Engenharia
 e-Toogle: uma arquitetura para ambientes físico-
virtuais de aprendizado baseado em CPS.
The End