Slide Master RIO-LONDRES
UGF – Rio
29 e 30/MAR/2012
Quais são os legados dos Jogos
Paraolímpicos?
What are the Legacies of the
Paralympic Games?
Professor Dr. Keith Gilbert
School of Health, Sport & Bioscience
The University of East London
1
Academi
a
Olímpica
Brasileir
Paralympic Legacies
Legados Paraolímpicos
1.Introduction
1. Introdução
2.Defining Legacy
2. Definição de legado
3.Dimensions & Profiles 4. Dimensões & Perfis
4.Conclusions
2
5. Conclusoes
1. Introdução - Introduction
3
‘…..there is a paucity of research regarding
Paralympic legacy or legacy related to hosting
events for athletes with a disability’.
Dickson, Benson & Blackman (p.23, 2011)
‘….há uma escassez de pesquisas sobre legado
Paraolímpicos ou heranças relacionadas a sediar
eventos para atletas com deficiência '.
Dickson, Benson & Blackman (p.23, 2011)
4
5
• As it stands the IPC is a secondary
player in the Games bidding and
resultant legacy process.
• Assim como está o IPC é um jogador
secundário no processo de licitacao e
em seu resultado.
6
2. Defining Legacy
7
– Definição de legado
• Legacy research is inter-disciplinary or multidisciplinary, set in local through global contexts
where the size of the event, city, region or nation
creates different cultural contexts.
• A pesquisa do legado é interdisciplinar ou
multidisciplinar e colocada atraves de contextos
globais onde a dimensao do evento, cidade, região
ou nação cria contextos culturais diferentes.
8
Definição
• 'algo passado ou recebidos de um
antepassado ou antecessor',
• 'um direito de nascimento ou heranca ',
• 'uma forma de doacao'
• 'o que é deixado'
9
10
• Clearly, many if not all of the legacies are
‘soft’ and designed to influence the opinions
of school children and individuals in the
community where the Games are held.
• Claramente muitos, se não todos os legados,
são 'soft' e concebidos para influenciar as
opinioes das crianças em idade escolar e
dos indivíduos da comunidade onde os
jogos são realizados.
11
3. Dimensions & profiles - Dimensões & perfis
12
Dimensions - Dimensões
• History
História
• Beacon Events
Importantes eventos
• Education of Society Educação da sociedade
• Media Coverage
Cobertura da mídia
• Sport for All
Esporte para todos
13
• ‘Legacy can only be left by people for people’ or
‘older generations for younger generations’. Legacy
from my perspective is thus not an act of nature but
is instead a purely human characteristic and
intergenerational in that older generations bequeath
legacy to younger ones’.
• 'Legado só pode ser deixado por pessoas para pessoas'
ou 'gerações mais velhas para gerações mais jovens'.
Legado - em minha perspectiva – nao é uma lei da
natureza, mas, em vez disso, trata-se de uma
característica puramente humana e intergeracional, em
que as gerações mais velhas deixam legados para as
mais jovens.
14
‘… .essas iniciativas de educação e visão terao um
impacto dramático sobre o esporte paraolímpico tanto no
nível nacional como também no nivel internacional'.
Steadward (p.12: 2011)
'As lições aprendidas pela mídia e pelo público no Canadá,
segundo o 'Torontolympiad' parecem ter sido muito
positivas' e que a "mensagem” foi a importancia da
remocao de barreiras intelectuais de natureza perceptiva e
de atitudes presentes na sociedade canadense.
Livro inédito Brittain (2011)
15
• ‘Rio 2016 is being planned to provide
incentives via all three levels of government
and sponsors to develop accessibility
training programmes for those working in
hospitality and tourism industries.
(Ribeiro, p. 194: 2011)
Projeto Rio 2016 está sendo planejado para
fornecer incentivos através de todos os três
níveis de governo e patrocinadores para
desenvolver programas de formação de
acessibilidade para as pessoas que trabalham
nos setores de hospitalidade e turismo.
16
17
4. Conclusões
18
• "A sporting moment happens once. Never to be repeated. A split
second in time captured forever. They live in the minds of
people: who competed, who were there, and who pass their
stories from generation to generation. They shape our collective
view of ourselves, and our country. They become a blueprint for
what we value and inspiration for all. Moments that made us”.
• “O momento esportivo acontece apenas uma vez. Nunca sera
repetido. Uma fração de segundo capturado para sempre. Ele
vive na mente das pessoas: de quem competiu, de que estava lá
e de quem passara suas história de geração para geração. Ele
molda nossa visão coletiva de nós mesmos e de nosso país. Ele
se torna um marco para o que valorizamos e inspiração para
todos. “Momentos que nos realizam".
19
20
•
•
• ‘….these education initiatives and vision will have a
dramatic impact on Paralympic sport both nationally
but also internationally’.
Steadward (p. 12: 2011)
• ‘The lessons learned by both the media and the
public in Canada following the ‘Torontolympiad’
appeared to have been quite marked’ and that the
‘message learnt appeared to have been the
importance of removing perceptual, attitudinal and
architectural barriers present within Canadian
society’.
Brittain (2011) Unpublished paper
Figure 1: Legacy Dimensions and Profiles
5
Cost
4
Spatial impact
3
Planning
2
1
0
Timeframe
Structure
Tangibility
Infrastructure
Urban regeneration
Social capital
• Stakeholders can be defined as, ‘any
individual, interest group, pressure
group or corporation affected by a
public policy issue, government action
or inaction’
• ‘Three legacy definitions can be
identified: first, the degree of planned
structure; second, the degree of
positive structure; third, the degree of
quantifiable structure’
• [1] Conhecimento de infra-estrutura
• [2]
• [3] desenvolvimento de competências e
educação imagem
• [4]
• [5] emoções e cultura
• [6]
(Gratton e Preuss, 2008, pp. 1926-1929
• (Pappous, 2011) found that there was
no long term effect of exercise take up
by youngsters from the Olympic and
Paralympic Games held in Athens. The
effective legacy was short term only
and not sustainable
• What are Paralympic legacies that can
be identified from the outcomes of the
history of Paralympic Games? Within
the exploration of Paralympic legacies,
are there examples of Paralympic event
leverage?; And can Paralympic
legacies and leverage contribute
towards a greater understanding of
these concepts generally?
• Ideally in the future the Paralympic
movement will evolve beyond the
scope of providing legacies which are
purely serendipidous towards a
planned execution of events to support
the chance legacies which have gone
before.
• History, Beacon Events, Education of
Society, Media Coverage and Sport for
All
• There is a need to be sure that
educational perspectives are to the
forefront of thinking in future bid
documents. If the writing and language
around Paralympic legacy is placed in
the countries bid document, then
arguably the OCOG are duty and legally
bound to provide the outcomes stated
therein.
• ‘While the Olympic Games can claim
phenomenal physical regeneration and
legacy to which the Paralympics can
contribute, it is the Paralympic Games
that can truly bring about fundamental
universal social change’
• that ‘Rio 2016 is being planned to
provide incentives via all three levels of
government and sponsors to develop
accessibility training programmes for
those working in hospitality and
tourism industries’.
• Education of schoolchildren prior to
the Paralympic Games, education of
the public and the provision of social
capital appear to be of prime
importance to the Paralympic Legacy
debate and should be a strong
components of any bidding documents
in the future.
• ‘…the way the media portray people
with disabilities and disability sport can
have a major impact on how other
groups and individuals within society
view them’ (Brittain, 2009; p.72).
• argued that the media should allow Rio to be a
platform for change. As an example he noted that:
‘Since the 2004 Paralympic Games, the Brazilian
Paralympic Committee has developed a strong
relationship with the media’. He further stated that
‘the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games will represent a
significant opportunity for the consolidation of the
Paralympic Movement, not only in Brazil but also
throughout South America and beyond’ and this can
only be achieved with the strong support of the
media.
• The general consensus of opinion is
that there needs to be a centrally
coordinated media package which
delivers the Games on a global scale
which is built into the Games bid and
also negotiated and supported by the
relevant OCOG. What we would argue
is that for this to take place and be
effective it will require leadership and
oversight from the International
Paralympic Committee itself.
•
A major legacy for the London 2012 Olympic Games
and in many other Olympic Games held prior is
getting children and other individuals to exercise
and improve their health. It would appear that in this
particular area the Games have not lived up to
perhaps unfairly high expectations. Therefore if a
city or nation state cannot do this for the Olympics
how then can we expect to improve the physical
activity patterns for youth with disabilities via the
Paralympics and should they be seen in isolation at
all?
• Generally however, there appears little
difference in the physical; activity
patterns of disabled youth after a
Paralympic games has taken place in
their city
• Ribeiro (2011) also notes that across
Brazil ‘both physical education and
sport should be offered at integrated
places in schools, sports clubs and
also considered in social programs.
The principal of ‘sport for all’ should be
emphasized’.
• ‘if legacy has a focus on the long term
regeneration of a deprived area of
London and its commitment to
engaging with young people to inspire
them to become involved in sport’ then
it might fail.
• ‘…..they (Rio de Janiero) need to focus on a
legacy that goes beyond sport when the
Brazilian city hosts the Games in 2016. It
cannot be just about the three weeks of the
Games’. Indeed, he provides a great message
to the rest of us, ‘There is no point doing the
Games if there isn't a sense that something
is being built for the long term’ and ‘Part of
the legacy is about what sport can do to
society. Sport today is far more important
that just sport itself’ (Blair, 2010).
Quais são os legados dos Jogos
Paraolímpicos?
What are the Legacies of the
Paralympic Games?
Professor Dr. Keith Gilbert
School of Health, Sport & Bioscience
The University of East London
[email protected]
Definition of Legacy
• ‘something handed down or received
from an ancestor or predecessor’,
• ‘a birthright or heritage’,
• ‘a form of bequeath’
• ‘that which is left behind’
(Merriam Webster Dictionary, 2009).
5. Metasynthesis