ISSN: 1981-8963
Moreira RM, Boery EN, Teixeira JRB et al..
DOI: 10.5205/reuol.3529-29105-1-SM.0709201307
Representations of teens about quality…
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
REPRESENTATIONS OF TEENS ABOUT QUALITY OF LIFE: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC
AND CULTURAL DIMENSION
REPRESENTAÇÕES DE ADOLESCENTES SOBRE QUALIDADE DE VIDA: DIMENSÃO SOCIAL,
ECONÔMICA E CULTURAL
REPRESENTACIÓN DE LOS ADOLESCENTES SOBRE LA CALIDAD DE VIDA: DIMENSIÓN SOCIAL,
ECONÓMICA Y CULTURAL
Ramon Missias Moreira1, Eduardo Nagib Boery2, Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira3, Valéria Alves da Silva Nery4,
Karla Ferraz dos Anjos5, Vanessa Cruz Santos5
ABSTRACT
Objective: to identify the social representations about the quality of life of adolescent students in their
relation to social, cultural and economic aspects. Method: exploratory-descriptive and analytic study, with a
qualitative approach, which is anchored in the core Theory of social Representations. A total of 33 adolescent
students took part in three public schools in Jequié/Bahia/Brazil. The data were collected with semistructured interviews and analysis, at the light of the technical Thematic Analysis content. The study was
initiated subsequently, the approval of the Ethics Committee in Research, Protocol No. 146/2010. Results:
representations of the searched about quality of life showed varied social subjectivities represented by
cultural and historical characterization. Conclusion: it is necessary to develop continuous actions for the
prevention of diseases and promotion of health of these adolescents, which may be favorable for the quality
of life. Descriptors: Adolescent; Student; Health; Culture; Quality of Life.
RESUMO
Objetivo: apreender as representações sociais sobre a qualidade de vida de estudantes adolescentes em sua
relação com os aspectos sociais, culturais e econômicos. Método: estudo exploratório-descritivo e analítico,
que se ancorou na Teoria do núcleo central das Representações sociais, de abordagem qualitativa.
Participaram 33 adolescentes escolares, de três escolas públicas estaduais do município de
Jequié/Bahia/Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu com a entrevista semiestruturada e a análise, à luz da técnica
de Análise temática de conteúdo. O estudo iniciou-se, posteriormente, a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em
Pesquisa, protocolo nº 146/2010. Resultados: as representações dos pesquisados sobre qualidade de vida
evidenciou variadas subjetividades sociais representadas pela caracterização cultural e histórica. Conclusão:
é necessário desenvolvimento de ações contínuas para a prevenção de doenças e promoção da saúde desses
adolescentes, o que pode ser favorável à qualidade de vida. Descritores: Adolescente; Estudante; Saúde;
Cultura; Qualidade de Vida.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: identificar las representaciones sociales sobre la calidad de vida de estudiantes adolescentes en su
relación con el contexto social, cultural y económico. Método: estudio exploratorio-descriptivo y analítico,
que está anclado en la Teoría del núcleo central de las representaciones sociales, de enfoque cualitativo. Un
total de 33 estudiantes adolescentes de tres escuelas públicas estatales en Jequié/Bahia/Brasil. Los datos
fueron recogidos mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas y análisis, a la luz de la técnica de análisis temática
de contenido. El estudio se inició posteriormente, a la aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación de
Protocolo N º 146/2010. Resultados: las representaciones de los pesquisados acerca de la calidad de vida
mostraron diversas subjetividades sociales representadas por la caracterización cultural e histórica.
Conclusión: es necesario desarrollar acciones continuas para la prevención de enfermedades y promoción de
la salud de los adolescentes, que pueden ser propicias para la calidad de vida. Descriptores: Adolescente;
Estudiante; Salud; Cultura; Calidad de Vida.
1
Physical Educator, Master in Nursing and Health, Graduate Program in Nursing and Health, State University of Southwest
Bahia/PPGES/UESB. Jequie (BA), Brazil. E-Mail: [email protected]; 2Nurse, Scientific Director of the Foundation for Research
Support of the State of Bahia / FAPESB, Professor of Nursing, Graduate Program in Nursing and Health, State University of Southwest
Bahia/PPGES/UESB. Jequie (BA), Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]; 3Nurse, Master in Nursing and Health, Graduate Program in Nursing
and Health, State University of Southwest Bahia/PPGES/UESB. Jequie (BA), Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]; 4Nurse, PhD Student in
Memory: Language and Society, State University of Southwest Bahia/UESB. Jequie (BA), Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]; 5Nurse,
Master, Graduate Program in Nursing and Health, State University of Southwest Bahia/PPGES/UESB. Jequie (BA), Brazil. E-mail:
[email protected]; 6Nurse, Master, Graduate Program in Nursing and Health, State University of Southwest Bahia/PPGES/UESB.
Jequie (BA), Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]
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INTRODUCTION
Adolescents make up a sociocultural group
that historically is built from multiple
elements and criteria that encompass several
changes in the dimensions of the human
being, in a biopsychosocial perspective.1
These changes may reflect the bodies of these
individuals, in which there somatic growth,
progress in motor skills, strengthening the
action of bodily hormones, which contribute
strongly to changes in the way we think,
relate to one another and their way of
expressing with the world around him.
The social representations of adolescent
students in relation to quality of life (QOL), it
is relevant, since from their beliefs have
positive attitudes and / or negative towards
your health and contribute to the planning,
monitoring
evaluation
practices
and
2
interventions aimed at this population.
Reflecting on the Brazilian context of
socioeconomic policies, two major areas are
short of what they could offer, which are the
fields of education and health, not reaching
satisfactorily most of the population. This fact
probably has an impact directly on the
satisfaction of schoolchildren with their
quality of life, which has multidimensional
characteristics.3
Based on the assumptions described above,
it can be understood QOL as a subjective
construct multidimensional with positive and
negative dimensions, including a selfassessment of the various aspects that make
up the life of a human being,4
a fourth
constant momentum which can vary from
according to the timing and perception of the
individual.
In this perspective, this study aims to
understand the social representations on the
quality of life of adolescent students in their
relation to the social, cultural and economic.
METHOD
The present study was extracted from the
Masters Thesis presented to the Graduate
Program in Nursing and Health, State
University of Southwest Bahia, entitled
Quality of life and health of adolescents: a
study of social representations.
This is a qualitative study,5,6 exploratorydescriptive and analytical, which was
anchored in the Central Nucleus Theory of
Social
Representations.8 This
approach
emphasizes the complementary structural
cognitive-structural dimension of social
representations, by organizing around a
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DOI: 10.5205/reuol.3529-29105-1-SM.0709201307
Representations of teens about quality…
central core, determining the meaning and
organization to a representation.7,8
The survey was conducted between the
months of September 2011 and July 2012, the
three largest public schools in Jequié, Bahia,
Brazil. Study participants were 33 social
actors, aged between 14 and 19 years old
attending high school in the morning and
afternoon shifts and were accepted and
approved by parents or guardians to
participate in the study.
The instrument used for data production
was the semi-structured interview divided into
two blocks: the first with questions of
sociodemographic characteristics of the
subjects and the second with a leading
question about the thematic quality of life.
Data from the interviews were organized,
processed and analyzed in light of the
Technical
Thematic
Content
Analysis
9
Categorical, according to the following steps:
Phase 1: Pre-analysis, Phase 2: material
exploration and 3rd phase: data processing,
inference
and
interpretation.
After
transcribing the interviews, data were
presented in categories. The categories were
discussed taking as a principle of analysis to
interpret the units of analysis themes that
emerged from the content of the responses of
the adolescents interviewed.
This study is supported by Resolution 196 of
October 10, 1996, the National Health
Council, which regulates research with
humans, thus respecting the ethical research.
The start of data collection was subsequently
approved by the Committee of Ethics in
Research of the State University of Southwest
Bahia, under protocol nº 146/2010. The
subjects and their parents and / or guardians
signed an informed consent after being
informed about the objectives, methods, risks
and benefits of research.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This research presents the representations
of teenagers high school students about their
quality of life in relation to social, economic
and cultural. Furthermore, the reflections
present in this, assume important sense for
practices and interventions in education and
health that are designed for this population,
requiring boldness, as one of the greatest
challenges today is to promote health and
quality comprehensive education, grounded in
a commitment to social transformation of
adolescents.
It is relevant to highlight some
sociodemographic
characteristics
of
respondents in an attempt to create
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Representations of teens about quality…
opportunities knowledge of group membership
that was the subject of this investigation.
Noting that 33 teenage students participated,
of whom 63.6% were male.
frequency was student of 1st year, accounting
for 42.4% of the students. Still, regarding the
shift, most participants studying in the
morning shift, with a percentage of 57.5%.
Regarding the age ranged between 14 and
19 years, with an average of (16.27) years,
with the highest incidence of adolescents
aged between 16 and 17 years. As for the race
question 45.5% of respondents reported they
were white, and item schooling, the higher
From the analysis of the manifest content,
met 39 thematic units, which emerged in the
units of meaning that have been translated
into four categories (Table 1) for the
representation of schoolchildren on quality of
life.
Table 1. Analytical categories of social representations of adolescent
students about quality of life, Jequie, Bahia, Brazil, 2012.
Categories
Nº of units of analysis
12
Social Relationships – SR
11
Purchasing Power-PP
08
Work-W
08
Housing-H
Total
The following are described, analyzed and
presented to the four categories that are
related due to the quality of adolescents who
contributed to the construction of scientific
research.
 Social relations (SR)
Our times, society creates and determines
living standards to be followed consciously or
unconsciously that corresponds most cases,
precisely due to the dominant ideology, and
there is a process of constant renewal through
cultural diffusion that unite expectations and
perceptions of adolescents in their lives.
Thus, by analyzing the results, it was noted
that adolescent students perceive a sense
between quality of life and social relations
that are sustained.
[...] Have friends and colleagues who are
with you. (E2)
[...] And love and family. Always honor the
family because without them I would not be
here today, as every day I get to hug mom
and dad. (E5)
[...] Have a good relationship with friends.
(E9)
[...] Have my parents by my side [...]. (E11)
[...] Have a good family. (E14)
[...] QV is to live in peace with family and
friends. (E15)
[...] Consistent family background also
contributes to my QV. (E21)
[...] Live with my grandparents is very good
because we establish a strong relationship
with them and still have everything I want.
(E25)
[...] Have the support of friends and family
love to think of a better future, with more
health. (E27)
[...] Is to be near my son, giving love and
affection. (E30)
[...] Preserve friendships, to have good
social relationship. (E31)
[...] My parents do not care much for me
[...]. (E32)
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39
Analyzing carefully the units of analysis
regarding this category, we find the concepts
expressed about quality of life, suffering
sociocultural influences, including through the
relationship that is established between the
teenagers and other humans around them.
It is noticed that the family relationship is
evident in the testimonies of nine (09)
students, in that moment of conception QOL.
Adolescents perceive their family beyond the
dimensions of consanguinity. The meanings
and dimensions of family to these individuals
are directly related to the field of human
subjectivities, given that matches the
capacity, quality and intensity of affective
bonds established and fed back the relations
between individual / individual, as well as
individual / collective.10
The representation of the family is given
based on the meanings that this social group
has, since it is within familiar that adolescents
seeking support, comfort and strength to
achieve your goals and overcome the
difficulties and troubles of life. Therefore, it
is necessary that the family relationships are
satisfactory, since the development and
maintenance of emotional balance are
directly related to the quality with which they
are established family ties.11
It is within the family that learns the first
knowledge, beliefs, habits and values, which
can exert influence on practices that result in
the promotion of health, quality of life and its
elements, or the opposite way, that add to
the vulnerability of adolescents diseases.
Although there have been several changes in
living arrangements of modern society, basic
functions such as physical and psychological
care of adolescents remain, welcoming them
to this stage of transition to adulthood.12
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The actions that subsidize health practices
and care to adolescents need to contemplate
family, based on representations and
meanings that this has on their development
process and therefore the influences aimed at
promoting and maintaining their health.10
With regard to friendships, another
variable pointed within this dimension, there
is also the reports of the school that friends
and colleagues influence the quality of life for
themselves,
stressing
fondly
those
relationships.
There is concern for the QoL of
adolescents, not only refers to a single
consumer, but also relates to society, in that
it enhances the conditions for survival and
comfort of these individuals. Therefore, it is a
social issue that encompasses different
spheres of action, from the state public
policies that promote disease prevention,
health promotion and QOL of citizens to adopt
healthy habits by individuals.13
 Purchasing power (PP)
The second category is presented with 13
units of analysis, relying on possibilities of
achieving good quality of life from the
acquisition of goods and access to money.
Reports that underlie this category are
willing.
[...] Being good with money, money and
more money. (E1)
[...] Is a lot of money to do what you want.
(E6)
[...] Have money without the other. (E12)
[...] When we think of QOL, then the money
comes to mind, and everything it provides,
and that's it. Of course not only that. (E13)
[...] Have money to take care of. (E15)
[...] Have a good financial stability. (E17)
[...] The money is crucial to have a healthy
life and a good QOL, we can not deny. (E19)
[...] A person who lives in good with your
car, your bike, your money and your wife
and daughters. (E28)
[...] Sometimes money does not bring
happiness. (E29)
[...] Today I do not have the money that you
would have to satisfy me, and have things
that I want. (E22)
[...] Have money to dress well, wanted to
buy clothes only brand [...]. (E31)
[...] Food with fruits, vegetables [...]. (E5)
[...] Have leisure, staying healthy. (E4)
By observing the units arranged above
analysis, it was found that this group belongs
understands that the greater the ability to
raise funds, the better your quality of life,
making money is essential for acquisition of
healthy lifestyles, providing them a better
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Representations of teens about quality…
lifestyle, satisfying their basic needs and
healthy.
Such perceptions may also be explained by
the logic of capitalist society, selective and
exclusionary, where consumerism is part of
the reality of many Brazilians, especially from
the current policies of credit on the lower
classes, who make up a significant part of the
population.
The lifestyle considered healthy, is one of
the determining factors across the life
situation and adolescent health. However, in
most cases this does not happen, not for lack
of interest or lack of desire of school, but by
the
lack
of
favorable
socioeconomic
conditions.
Attitudes like balanced diet,14 prophylactic
consultations with doctors,15 access to rest
and leisure, performing physical practices
systematized,16 are not always available to
most people.17,13 Therefore, the teenagers
realize that the more money better, because
the greater the possibility of having a
satisfactory QoL, at least in the category
personal contentment with material goods
arising from the possible purchases.
Work (W)
The extract of the eight (8) units of
analysis on quality of life presented below
ground the third category, comprising one of
the meanings of health status and quality of
life.
[...] A good job, to have many moments of
enjoyment. (E3)
[...] But also be employed, and with that
comes self-esteem, dress well to work to
help out at home and with woman hussy.
(E5)
[...] Is working for a better future, worthy!.
(E6)
[...] I want to do is have a tip for tea
money. (E11)
[...] I work in a family house, but I'm
honest, my boss always gives me some
things and I'm very happy with it. (E15)
[...] For me quality of life is to have my
parents to give me what I want, and not
have to work. (E19)
[...] I want is to stop selling drugs and get a
decent job, find a wife and have a kid (E21)
[...] I'll have a job to earn a lot, so I can
have everything that gives me pleasure.
(E32)
Striking in the speech of the social actors
of this study, the element "work" appeared
frequently in the testimonies of teenagers,
because the design is that through the work
they can get their material desires, and can
help with expenses at home, desire for
freedom
and
financial
independence,
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imagination and sense of power that is
conferred from the work, thus influencing the
quality of life for ourselves.
Commit employment during adolescence
has its advantages, as it allows growth as a
person
endowed
with
responsibilities
possibilities rise in function in exercising,
improving self esteem and promoting personal
achievements, by overcoming its financial
condition current.18
The teenage job also has its disadvantages,
which translate into negative aspects of QOL
for the students, for example, when that
occupation can not be exercised concurrently
with others that are also important and
necessary as school activities, interaction with
family, leisure, among others.19-21
It can be argued from the speech of
adolescents who perceived quality of life
related to class work, itself, is the possibility
of them having their own money and can
contribute in spending on expenses in their
homes, which give them the sense of
independence, and may also acquire material
goods, attend parties, and the feeling of
appreciation itself, which will contribute to
improved self-image.
DOI: 10.5205/reuol.3529-29105-1-SM.0709201307
Representations of teens about quality…
which negatively impacts on the QOL of
adolescents referred by them relate to the
current conditions of their homes, claiming
that live in places without basic sanitation and
stable comfort.
Living in a quiet place with a mild climate,
safe, risk-free industrial, and treated with
piped water, electricity, access to media and
technology, without human violence, with
schools and health services, leisure and
sporting activities comprise the universe of
perceptions and experiences of adolescent
students, regarding the influence of a good
home and social environment on the QOL of
subjects.21
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
To the Coordination of Higher Education
Personnel (CAPES) format Scholarship and
Research, 2011-2012. Jequie (BA), Brazil.
CONCLUSION
 House (H)
The specific representations that were
made by teenagers in relation to the object
quality of life constitute the varied social
subjectivities
represented
by
the
characterization of these cultural and
historical school.
Reference to the testimony of the
participants, there is support for the latter
category that reflects the Social Dimension,
Economic and Cultural composed of eight (8)
units of analysis that bring perceptions,
wishes and desires of adolescents on the
relationship of QOL with healthy living and
happy.
Finally, the social actors of this research
include the quality of life as the result of
several factors acting in dimensions inherent
to human beings, as social, cultural and
economic, pointing to the need for continuous
development of actions for the prevention of
diseases and promoting the health of this
population.
[...] Have a house, lead a healthy, happy,
well, no worry, a life where we feel happy.
(E1)
[...] Live in a good place, with loved ones.
(E2)
[...] Have a house, study, and have good
health. (E5)
[...] A person who lives quietly at home.
(E11)
[...] Live in a good place. (E17)
[...] Is having QoL and health is living rent
in front of a sewer, and I have a lot. (E19)
[...] Health is all we need to build a good
home, and have a long life and very quiet.
(E25)
[...] In my house we do not have any
comfort, it's the same basic [...]. (E28)
The prospect of the school in relation to
QOL presents positive and negative aspects,
regarding the expectations of life in relation
to housing and housing elements, in which one
can observe that they intend to have a happy,
harmonious, in the home, with a good home,
living peacefully with their families. As for
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5404
ISSN: 1981-8963
Moreira RM, Boery EN, Teixeira JRB et al..
DOI: 10.5205/reuol.3529-29105-1-SM.0709201307
Representations of teens about quality…
Ciênc saúde coletiva [Internet]. 2010 [cited
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Submission: 2013/02/18
Accepted: 2013/06/02
Publishing: 2013/09/01
Corresponding Address
Ramon Missias Moreira
Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem e
Saúde
Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/nº / Jequiezinho
CEP: 45206-190  Jequié (BA), Brazil
English/Portuguese
J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 7(9):5399-405, Sept., 2013
5405