RAE-revista de administração de empresas
WRITING MANUAL
(Effective as of Nov 1st, 2007)
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this Manual is to provide guidelines to authors, reviewers, collaborators and editors of
RAE-revista de administração de empresas when elaborating texts to be
published in the journal, avoiding possible delay during the content final formatting process.
The Manual is organized per journal section (Article, Essays, Books Reviews and Recommend
Reading), aiming for a more practical reference according to the paper one wishes to submit/publish.
Quotes and references comprise a separate chapter, due to their
complexity and to the fact they are common to more than one section.
The source to elaborate this Manual is ABNT standards, with rare exceptions informed
in their respective chapters, and RAE Style Guide that follows international rules
and scientific journals standardization.
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CONTENTS
I. ARTICLES ..............................................................................................................................5
I.1. General Formatting............................................................................................................5
I. 2. Paragraph ..........................................................................................................................6
I.3. Composition/formatting of the 1st page ............................................................................6
I.4. Composition/formatting of the 2st page ............................................................................6
II. ESSAY ...................................................................................................................................8
II.1. General Formatting ..........................................................................................................8
II.2. Paragraph..........................................................................................................................8
II.3. Composition/formatting of the 1st page...........................................................................9
III. BOOK REVIEW.................................................................................................................10
III.1. General Formatting .......................................................................................................10
III.2. Paragraph ......................................................................................................................10
III.3. Composition/formatting of the 1st page .......................................................................10
III.4. Quote on book reviews .................................................................................................11
IV.RECOMMENDED READING ...........................................................................................12
IV.1. General Formatting .......................................................................................................12
IV.2. Paragraph ......................................................................................................................12
IV.3. Composition/formatting of the 1st page .......................................................................12
V. EDITORIAL.........................................................................................................................14
V.1. General Formatting ........................................................................................................14
V.2. Paragraph .......................................................................................................................14
VI. CONTENTS........................................................................................................................15
VI.1. General Formatting.......................................................................................................15
VI.2. Paragraph ......................................................................................................................15
VII. CALL FOR PAPERS (SPECIAL FORUNS)....................................................................16
VII.1. General Formatting......................................................................................................16
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VII.2. Paragraph.....................................................................................................................16
VIII. FOOTNOTES AND END OF TEXT NOTES ................................................................17
VIII.1. Example of a note regarding copyright......................................................................17
VIII.2. Example of note of appreciation ..................................................................................17
IX. QUOTES IN THE BODY OF THE TEXT ........................................................................18
IX.1.a. Quotes general presentation rules ..............................................................................18
IX.1.b. Direct quote ................................................................................................................18
IX.2. Indirect quote ................................................................................................................19
X. REFERENCES FROM BOOKS..........................................................................................21
X.1. General Characteristics ..................................................................................................21
X.2. Printed books...................................................................................................................21
X.3. Electronic books, via CD-ROM.....................................................................................23
X.4. Electronic books, on-line ...............................................................................................23
XI. REFERENCES OF SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES FROM JOURNALS, EDITORIALS,
JOURNALISTIC ITEMS, SECTIONS, NEWS ETC ..............................................................24
XI.1. Printed journals .............................................................................................................24
XI.2. Electronic journals .........................................................................................................24
XI.3. Reference to the full collection of the periodical..........................................................24
XI.3.a Reference without title................................................................................................24
XII. REFERENCES FROM CONGRESSES ...........................................................................25
XIII. REFERENCES FROM LEGISLATION .........................................................................26
XIV. REFERENCES FROM DISSERTATIONS AND THESIS ............................................27
XIV.1. Dissertation ................................................................................................................27
XIV.2. Thesis ...............................................................................................................................27
XIV.3. Other academic papers...............................................................................................27
XIII. REFERENCES FROM SERIES PUBLICATIONS ........................................................28
XIV. REFERENCES FROM NEWSPAPERS .........................................................................29
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XV. REFERENCES FROM MOTION PICTURE...................................................................30
XVI. REFERENCES FROM ELECTRONIC ONLY ACCESS DOCUMENTS ....................31
XVII. TABLES, EXHIBIT AND FIGURES............................................................................32
XVII.1. Table .........................................................................................................................32
XVII.2. Exhibit ............................................................................................................................32
XVI.3. Figure .........................................................................................................................32
XVIII. ATTACHMENT AND APPENDICES ........................................................................34
XIX. EQUATIONS AND FORMULAS .................................................................................35
XX. ACRONYMS ...................................................................................................................36
XX.1. Initials..........................................................................................................................36
XX.2. Abbreviations ..............................................................................................................36
XX.3. Other examples............................................................................................................36
XXI. ABBREVIATIONS..........................................................................................................37
XXI.1. Months .......................................................................................................................37
XXII. DATE ELEMENTS........................................................................................................38
XXII.1.Millennium ................................................................................................................38
XXII.2. Centuries .........................................................................................................................38
XXII.3. Years.........................................................................................................................38
XXII.4. Months ......................................................................................................................38
XXII.5 Days ................................................................................................................................38
XXII.6. Weekdays .................................................................................................................38
XXII.7. Numerical indication of dates...................................................................................39
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I – ARTICLES
Theoretical development articles should be supported by wide bibliographic research and
should suggest new models and interpretations for relevant phenomena in the Business
Management field. It is essential that the article effectively represents scientific contribution.
1. General Formatting
I.1.a. Length: Maximum 8,000 words – complete text, including tables, exhibit, figures
and bibliographic references.
I.1.b. Paper: Letter format.
I.1.c. Margins: 2 cm left, right, top, and bottom .
I.1.d. Font: Times New Roman, size 12.
I.1.e. Italic is used for formatting words and/or expressions in foreign language, title of
books and periodicals.
I.1.f. Bold should be used only for titles and subtitles.
I.1.g. Quotation marks should be scarcely used.
I.1.h. RAE uses no font resources to highlight ideas.
I.1.i. RAE makes no use of two symbols of punctuation together, prevailing the most
important punctuation in the sentence.
Examples:
“Such cut, using variables not deeply studied in empirical research – harassed
woman and management – founded on specialized literature”. As a general
rule, a comma should be used after the second dash, which in this case is not
necessary considering the higher importance of the dash mark in the
punctuation signal of this sentence, avoiding two punctuation marks to be used
together.
I.1.l. The identification of the author is restricted to the registration file form under
PAS-Publication Administration System. There must be no identification of the
author(s) throughout the articled submitted.
I.1.k. Authors' data - Under the article submission process, it is essential that the
authors' registration file data is carefully informed when joining PAS-Publication
Administration System.
I.2. Paragraph
I.2.a. Paragraph spacing: 0.
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I.2.b. Lines spacing: 1.5.
I.2.c. Alignment: Justified.
I.2.d. Special indentation of the first line: 1.25 cm.
I.2.e. The first paragraph after subtitle 1 does not have 1.25 cm.
I.3. Composition/formatting of the 1st page
I.3.a. SECTION NAME upper case + bold type, followed by a line.
I.3.b. ARTICLE TITLE upper case + bold type, preceded with one line and followed
by one line.
I.3.c. RESUMO upper case + bold type, preceded with one line and followed by one
line. Maximum 150 words. The body of the text should follow paragraph formatting,
item I.2.
I.3.d. ABSTRACT upper case + bold type + italics, preceded with one line and
followed by one line. Maximum 150 words. The body of the text should follow
paragraph formatting, item I.2.
I.3.e. PALAVRAS-CHAVE upper case + bold type, preceded with one line and
followed by one line. Always respect the amount of five words and paragraph
formatting described in item I.2.
I.3.f. KEYWORDS upper case + bold type + italics, preceded with one line and
followed by one line. Always respect the amount of five words and paragraph
formatting described in item I.2.
I.4. Composition/formatting starting on the 2nd page
I.4.a. SUBTITLE 1 upper case + bold type, preceded with two lines and followed by
one line.
I.4.b. After SUBTITLE 1, always start the first paragraph without indentation. From
the second paragraph, use 1.25 cm indentation.
I.4.c. Subtitle 2 upper/lower case + bold type, preceded with one line and followed by
one line.
I.4.d. After Subtitle 2, always start the first paragraph without indentation. From the
second paragraph, use 1.25 cm indentation.
I.4.e. Subtitle 3 upper/lower case + bold type + gray, preceded with one line and
followed by one line. After Subtitle 3, always start the first paragraph without
indentation. From the second paragraph, use 1.25 cm indentation.
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1.4.f. It is allowed to include a subtitle immediately after a title or subtitle; it is
necessary at least one paragraph separating them.
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II – ESSAY
Essays are freer forms of scientific contribution and should be characterized by critical and
creative approaches, uncovering new perspectives and fostering reflections on relevant
subjects about the field in readers. This type of paper is published in Essay section of RAErevista de administração de empresas.
II.1. General Formatting
II.1.a. Length: maximum 5,000 words complete text.
II.1.b. Paper: Letter format.
II.1.c. Margins: 2 cm left, right, top, bottom.
II.1.d. Font: Times New Roman, size 12;
II.1.e. Italics is used for formatting words and/or expressions in foreign language,
and names of periodicals and books
II.1.f. Bold should be used only for titles and subtitles.
II.1.g. Quotation marks should be scarcely used.
II.1.h. RAE uses no font resources to highlight ideas.
II.1.i. RAE makes no use of two symbols of punctuation together, prevailing the most
important punctuation in the sentence.
Examples:
“Such cut, using variables not deeply studied in empirical research – harassed
woman and management – founded on specialized literature”. As a general
rule, a comma should be used after the second dash, which in this case is not
necessary considering the higher importance of the dash mark in the
punctuation signal of this sentence, avoiding two punctuation marks to be used
together.
II.1.j. Inserting tables, charts, graphs etc. should be avoided in this type of paper.
II.1.k. The identification of the author is restricted to the registration file form under
PAS-Publication Administration System. There must be no identification of the
author(s) throughout the articled submitted.
II.1.l. Authors' data - Under the article submission process, it is essential that the
authors' registration file data is carefully informed when PAS-Publication
Administration System.
II.2. Paragraph
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I.2.a. Paragraph spacing: 0.
I.2.b. Lines spacing: 1.5.
I.2.c. Alignment: Justified.
I.2.d. Special indentation of the first line: 1.25 cm.
I.2.e. The first paragraph after subtitle 1 does not have 1.25 cm.
II.3. Composition/formatting of the 1st page
II.3.a. SECTION NAME upper case + bold type, followed by a line.
II.3.b. TITLE upper case + bold type, preceded with one line and followed by one
line.
II.3.c. PALAVRAS-CHAVE upper case + bold type, preceded with one line and
followed by one line. Always respect the amount of five words and paragraph
formatting described in item I.2.
II.3.d. KEYWORDS upper case + bold type + italics, preceded with one line and
followed by one line. Always respect the amount of five words and paragraph
formatting described in item I.2.
II.3.e. SUBTITLE 1 upper case + bold type, preceded with one line and followed by
one line. Always start the first paragraph without indentation. From the second
paragraph, use 1.25 cm indentation.
II.3.f. SUBTITLE 2 upper/lower case + bold type, preceded with one line and followed
by one line.
II.3.g. After the title, always start the first paragraph without indentation. From the second
paragraph, use 1.25 cm indentation.
II.3.h. Subtitle 3 upper/lower case + bold type + gray, preceded with one line and
followed by one line. After the title, always start the first paragraph without indentation.
From the second paragraph, use 1.25 cm indentation.
II.3.i. It is allowed to include a subtitle immediately after a title or subtitle; it is necessary
at least one paragraph separating them.
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III – BOOK REVIEW
Book reviews should be elaborated from recent papers and present innovative and consistent content of
interest to RAE readers.
III.1. General Formatting
III.1.a. Length: Maximum 1,200 words.
III.1.b. Paper: Letter format.
III.1.c. Margins: 2 cm left, right, top, bottom.
III.1.d. Font: Times New Roman, size 12.
III.1.e. Italics is used for formatting words and/or expressions in foreign language, and names
of periodicals and books
III.1.f. Bold should be used only for titles and subtitles.
III.1.g. Quotation marks should be scarcely used.
III.1.h. RAE uses no font resources to highlight ideas.
III.1.i. RAE makes no use of two punctuations symbols together prevailing the most important
punctuation in the sentence.
Examples:
“Such cut, using variables not deeply studied in empirical research –harassed woman
and management – founded on specialized literature”. As a general rule, a comma
should be used after the second dash, which in this case is not necessary considering the
higher importance of the dash mark in the punctuation signal of this sentence, avoiding
two punctuation marks to be used together.
III.2. Paragraph
III.2.a. Paragraph spacing: 0.
III.2.b. Lines spacing: 1.5.
III.2.c. Alignment: Justified.
III.2.d. Special indentation of the first line: 1.25 cm.
III.2.e. The first paragraph after subtitle 1 does not have indentation of 1.25 cm.
III.3. Composition/formatting of the 1st page
III.3.a. SECTION NAME upper case + bold type, followed by a line.
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III.3.b. REVIEW TITLE upper case + bold type, preceded with one line and followed by one
line.
III.3.c. Author's Name of the review upper/lower case + bold type, preceded with one line and
with the word "By".
III.3.d. Author's maximum term of address and current institution using upper/lower case
without bold type.
III.3.e. Author(s)’ e-mail.
III.3.f. NAME OF THE BOOK upper case + bold type, preceded with one line.
III.3.g. Book authors’ names upper/lower case without bold type, preceded with the word
"From".
III.3.h. City/country of publication, publisher, year and number of pages;
III.3.i. PALAVRAS-CHAVE upper case + bold type preceded with one line and followed by
one line. Always respect the amount of five words and paragraph formatting described in item
I.2.
III.3.j. KEYWORDS upper case + bold type + italics, preceded one line with and followed by
one line. Always respect the amount of five words and paragraph formatting described in item
I.2.
III.3.k. Text: preceded with one line and followed by one line + capital + bold type in the first
letter.
III.3.l. Always start the first paragraph without indentation. From the second paragraph, use
1.25 cm indentation.
III.4. Quote on book reviews
Quotes of other papers should be avoided in book reviews. When such quote is essential, it should be
included in the body of the text, sparingly, according to the following illustration.
Regarding criticism to bureaucracy rationalization, Parker presents opposition between two essential
books for those who devote themselves to this discussion: The mcdonaldization of society, by Ritzer
(Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge, 1996) and In praise of bureaucracy, by Du Gay (London: Sage, 2000).
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IV – RECOMMENDED READING
This section is comprised of a compilation of five books of a specific Business Management area, with
an introduction to the field of study in which the paper is inserted and a critical synopsis of each paper.
IV.1. General Formatting
IV.1.a. Length:
- Maximum 4 words.
- Introduction to the topic should have about 125 words.
- Synopsis of each paper should include up 70 words, excluding bibliographic data (title
of the book, author(s)' name, publisher, year and number of pages).
IV.1.b. Each work should provide comments on 5 papers of the specific area of study.
IV.1.c. Paper: Letter format.
IV.1.d. Margins: 2 cm left, right, top, bottom.
IV.1.e. Font: Times New Roman, size 12.
IV.1.f. Italics is used for formatting words and/or expressions in foreign language, and names of
periodicals and books.
IV.1.g. Bold it should be used only for titles and subtitles.
IV.1.h. Quotation marks should be used sparingly.
IV.1.i. RAE uses no font resources to highlight ideas.
IV.1.j. The institution to which the author is affiliated is included in this section, using short
name or acronym.
IV.2. Paragraph
IV.2.a. Paragraph spacing: 0.
IV.2.b. Lines spacing: 1.5.
IV.2.c. Alignment: Justified.
IV.3. Composition/formatting of the 1st page
IV.3.a. SECTION NAME upper case + bold type.
IV.3.b. TITLE upper case + bold type, preceded with one line and followed by one line.
IV.3.c. NAME OF THE PAPER upper case, Author's Name, Local of Publication and Publisher
using upper/lower case, year and number of pages, followed by one line.
12
IV.3.d. Text: preceded with one line and followed by one line.
13
V – EDITORIAL
Refers to an in-house text elaborated by editors and/or an editor invited by the journals director/editor.
V.1. General Formatting
V.1.a. Length: maximum 1,000 words.
V.1.b. Paper: Letter format.
V.1.c. Margins: 2 cm left, right, top, bottom.
V.1.d. Font: Times New Roman, size 12.
V.1.e. The use of italics is restricted to formatting words and/or expressions in foreign
language, titles of books and periodicals.
V.1.f. Bold should be used only for titles and subtitles.
V.1.g. Quotation marks should be used sparingly.
V.1.h. RAE uses no font resources to highlight ideas.
V.2. Paragraph
V.2.a. Paragraph spacing: 0.
V.2.b. Lines spacing: 1.5.
V.2.c. Alignment: Justified.
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VI – CONTENTS
Refers to an in-house text elaborated by the editor-in-Chief and/or assistant editor.
VI.1. General Formatting
VI.1.a. Length: Maximum 365 words, in Portuguese.
- Each article contribution synopsis should have up to 30words.
VI.1.b. Paper: Letter format.
VI.1.c. Margins: 2 cm left, right, top, bottom.
VI.1.d. Font: Times New Roman, size 12.
VI.1.e. The use of italics is restricted to formatting words and/or expressions in foreign
language, titles of books and periodicals.
VI.1.f. Bold should be used only for titles and subtitles.
VI.1.g. Quotation marks should be used sparingly.
VI.1.h. RAE uses no font resources to highlight ideas.
VI.2. Paragraph
VI.2.a. Paragraph spacing: 0.
VI.2.b. Lines spacing: 1.5.
VI.2.c. Alignment: Justified.
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VII – CALL FOR PAPERS (SPECIAL FORUMS)
The main purpose of forums is spread knowledge through important and relevant themes to the
scientific society.
Organizers should prepare a call for papers with information on a specific topic. In this call should be
included:
- Forum title;
- Deadline for submission;
- Name of organizers and acronym of the Institution to which they are affiliated;
- Introduction to the topic: up to 150 words;
- Subtopics: up to 06 items, informing to which areas the works may offer contribution;
- Guidelines for submission: standard extract from RAE Editorial Office, organizers should only
include name/email for contact in order to clarify questions regarding the call for papers.
Attention: It is worth remembering that invited editors have a meaningful participation in the articles
development process and, lastly, in the publication. RAE assists and has an effective participation in
(with all guidelines and communication, authors/evaluators) all stages of the process.
VII.1. General Formatting
VII.1.a. Length: up to 520 words, in English.
VII.1.b. Paper: Letter format.
VII.1.c. Margins: 2 cm left, right, top, bottom.
VII.1.d. Font: Times New Roman, size 12.
VII.1.e. The use of italics is restricted to formatting words and/or expressions in foreign
language.
VII.1.f. Bold should be used only for titles and subtitles.
VII.1.g. Quotation marks should be used sparingly.
VII.1.h. RAE uses no font resources to highlight ideas.
VII.2. Paragraph
VII.2.a. Paragraph spacing: 0.
VII.2.b. Lines spacing: 1.5.
VII.2.c. Alignment: Justified.
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VIII - FOOTNOTES AND END OF TEXT NOTES
RAE publishes no footnote and end of text note, except for thanking financing institutions and
copyright holders, applicable for reproduced articles.
When there are notes under these situations, they should have differentiated formatting, using Times
New Roman font, 10, justified.
VIII.1. Example of a note regarding copyright
Article originally published by Timothy A. Luehrman, under the title Using APV: a better
tool for Valuing Operations, by Harvard Business Review, May-June, p.145-154, 1997.
Reproduction in Portuguese authorized by ©New York Times Syndicate. www.nytsyn.com
VIII.2. Example of note of appreciation
We would like to thank CAPES for the financial support to research into Retailer Market,
which originated this article Guidelines to the Retailer Market.
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IX - QUOTES IN THE BODY OF THE TEXT
RAE adopts ABNT rules, incorporating all quotes in the body of the text within the system authordate. Therefore, footnotes quotes are not used.
When standardizing texts to be submitted to RAE, the following exceptions regarding ABNT quote
rules should be considered:
• use “and others” instead of “et al”;
• separate by commas names of co-authors (instead of semicolon);
• do not use period after quotes in brackets, whose sentence/quote has already been
concluded by other period and/or punctuation symbol.
Examples:
“[...] institutional intervention in information technology innovations [...] by potential
users”. (KING and others, 1994, pg. 139 and 149.)
“the importance of an effect is approximately the square root of the variance
component” (BRUSH and BROMILEY, 1997, p. 833).
IX.1. Quote general presentation rules
IX.1.a. Quotes general presentation rules
Suppressions, interpolations, comments, emphasis or highlights, translations and oral
information should be indicated as follows:
- Suppressions: [...]
- Interpolations, inclusions or comments: [ ]
- Emphasis or highlights: include the expression “our bold type” in brackets, in
biographical data of quote.
- Translation: include the expression “our translation” in brackets, in biographical data
of quote.
- When data is obtained through oral information (lectures, debates, communications
etc), indicate, in brackets, the oral information expression, mentioning data available.
IX.1.b. Direct quote
It is the textual transcription of part of a paper from the referred author.
Up to three lines are inserted in the text, in quotation marks. In case there are quotation marks in the
original text, they are replaced, in the quote, by single quotes. It should be included in the text the page
number of the extracted quoted and, when applicable, also the volume, tome, section – this data should
follow the date, separated by comma and preceded with the abbreviated term that characterizes them.
According to Sá (1995, p. 27): “[...] through the same ‘art of conversation’ which covers such wide and
significant part of our daily existence [...]”
18
Meyer starts from a part of “14 de maio”, from The Week: “There was sun, and it was a big sun, on that
Sunday of 1888, on which the Senate voted it into law, as the regent sanctioned [...]” (ASSIS, 1994, v.
3, p. 583).
“[...] so that there is no room for the production of degenerate, whether physical or moral, real threats
to society.” (SOUTO, 1916, p. 46, our bold type)
“IES will implement legitimate and transparent democratic mechanisms, for systematic evaluation of
its activities, taking into consideration its institutional objectives and its commitment to society.”
(ANTEPROJETO..., 1987, p. 55)
“When doing so may be immersed in guilt, perversion, hate of himself [...] hold himself a sinner and
identify with his sin.” (RAHNER, 1962, v. 4, p. 463, our translation.)
With more than three lines they should be presented in a separate paragraph with 4 cm indentation
from the left margin with font smaller than the font in the text and without quotation marks. RAE uses it
in these quotes Times New Roman 11 and keep line spacing in the text.
The relation between experience and theory, for sciences, corresponds in the history
field, to the relation between document and theory. In other words, the lack of
theoretical frame considers both the scientific experience and the document, blind
collections. For that reason we find in a history paper, in case of history of
philosophical ideas a conclusion congruent to Einstein's. (LIMA, 1986, p. 198)
IX.2. Indirect quote
Text based on the paper of the referred author. In this case, quote number page is optional.
One Author
Law cannot be seen as passive and reflexive, but an active and partially autonomous power which is
disseminated through several classes and compels leaders to lean towards demands of the dominated
people (GENOVESE, 1974, oral information).
Two to three authors
Merriam and Caffarella (1991) observe that the location of resources plays a crucial role in the selfstudying learning process.
Indeed, similar establishment of the problem would prevent the risk of considering literature solely as
one more source of contents previously available (BODIE, KANE, MARCUS, 2000, p. 114).
19
More than three authors
Lacerda and others (2000) state that...
Authors whose names and publication years coincide, are differentiated by adding the initial letters
of their first names.
(SILVA, J. VII.1979.c. 2)
(SILVA, M. R, 1979, p. 22)
If first name, initials and year coincide, they are differentiated by the first name in full.
(BARBOSA, Cássio, 1965)
(BARBOSA, Celso, 1965)
Several documents by the same authorship
If the source of the quote is documents published in different years and by the same author, the years are
separated by commas.
(DREYFUSS, 1989, 1991, 1995)
(CRUZ, CORREA, COSTA, 1998, 1999, 2000)
Several documents by the same authorship and same year of publication
Documents by the same author, published in coinciding years, are distinguished by lower case letters
added to the year.
According to Reeside (1927a, 1927b)...
Several documents by different authorship
When an idea is shared by several authors, they are all mentioned.
Literature on dissatisfaction and complaint has gone through important conceptual developments
(STEPHENS and GWINNER, 1998; SINGH and WILKES, 1996).
When an idea is shared by several authors, authors and co-authors are all mentioned.
“[...] such as global mandates or excellence centers, the evolution of strategic roles and relationships
between subsidiaries and other units o the corporation” (GUPTA and GOVINDARAJAN, 1991; ROTH
and MORRISON, 1992; ANDERSSON and FORSGREN, 2000; FEINBERG, 2000; HOLM and
PEDERSEN, 2000; FROST and others, 2002).
Document with no publication date informed or not accurate
The year is informed between brackets, as the case may be.
According to Florenzano ([197-]), when the decade is certain;
According to ... [1956?], when it refers to a probable date;
... [197-?], when it makes reference to a probable decade;
... [1971 or 1972], when it is one year or the other;
20
X - REFERENCES FROM BOOKS
RAE adopts ABNT standards, with the following exceptions:
• there is no punctuation in abbreviations of “Org”, “Ed” etc;
• no use of two symbols of punctuation together, prevailing the most important punctuation in
the sentence.
• no use of < > symbols for electronic address.
X.1. General Characteristics
X.1.a. Essential elements: author(s), title, edition, location, publisher and date of publication
(in this sequence).
X.1.b. Additional elements: number of pages, format, ISBN etc.
X.1.c. Typologies and abbreviations
- Title of the book should be written in italics, upper/lower case; when there is
subtitle it should be written in regular font, lowercase;
- Pages = p. Example: 387 p.
- Indication to the work edition: 2. ed.
- The name of the publisher should be abbreviated and omitting legal or commercial
nature words (Editora Atlas Ltda = Atlas).
X.1.d. References should be listed in the end of the text, in the alphabetical order by the
author's last name, aligned to the left margin, simple spacing, separated from each other by
double space.
X.1.e. Abbreviations of name, organizer author, organizer editor etc.
X.2. Printed books
One Author
CHIAVENATO, I. Administração: teoria, processo e prática. São Paulo: McGraw-Hill, 1985. 381 p.
Two to three authors
COPELAND, T. E; WESTON, J. F. Financial theory and corporate policy. 3rd ed. Boston: Addison
Wesley, 1988. 946 p.
More than three authors
HAIR, J; ANDERSON, R. E; TATHAM, R; BLACK, W. Multivariate data analysis. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall, 1998.
Part of the work – chapter, volume, fragment from other parts of a work, with its own author(s)
and/or title.
21
CALDAS, M. P. Paradigmas em estudos organizacionais: uma introdução à série. In: CALDAS, M.
P; BERTERO, C. O. (Coord) Teoria das Organizações. São Paulo: Atlas, 2007. p. 3-11.
Organizer author (Org), compiler (Comp), editor (Ed)
COSTA, V. L. C. (Org) Descentralização da educação: novas formas de coordenação e
financiamento. São Paulo: FUNDAP, 1999.
SCARLATO, F. C. and others (Org) Globalização e espaço latinoamericano. São Paulo: Hucitec,
1993.
Corporations, associations, companies, public bodies authorship or similar
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION. Publication manual. 4th ed. Washington, 1999.
368 p.
ASSOCIAÇÃO
BRASILEIRA DE
NORMAS TÉCNICAS.
NBR
10520:
informação
e
documentação: citações em documentos: apresentação. Rio de Janeiro, 2002.
Unknown Author
The first word of the title is written in upper case.
ART for its own sake. Chicago: Nonpareil, 1910. 230 p.
Indication of edition
Edition is indicated using abbreviated ordinal numbers, in the same language of the document;
abbreviate additional information to the edition (journal, broadened, updated, enlarged etc).
HOSKIN, R.E. Financial accounting: a user perspective. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons,
1997. 919 p.
FRANÇA, J. L. e outros. Manual para normalização de publicações técnico-científicas. 4. ed. rev. e
aum. Belo Horizonte: UFMG, 1998.
Non-identified publisher
The expression sine nomine, abbreviated and between brackets is used.
FRANCO, I. Discursos: de outubro de 1992 a agosto de 1993. Brasília: [s.n.], 1993. 107 p.
Non-identified location and publisher
GONÇALVES, F. B. A história de Mirador. [S.l.: s.n.], 1993.
22
Coinciding publisher and institution or person in charge, publisher is not identified
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE VIÇOSA. Catálogo de graduação, 1994-1995. Viçosa, 1994.
385p.
More than one publisher.
When there are two publishers, both are informed with their respective locations (cities), separated
by semicolon. When there are three or more publishers, the first one, or the one highlighted in the
cover page is indicated.
POCHMANN, M. (Org). Desenvolvimento, trabalho e solidariedade: novos caminhos para a
inclusão social. São Paulo: Fundação Perseu Abramo; São Paulo: Cortez, 2002. 255 p.
Book separated into volumes
In the end, the quantity of volumes followed by the abbreviation v is informed.
DINIZ, M. H. Tratado teórico e prático dos contratos. 3. ed. ampl. e atual. São Paulo: Saraiva, 1999.
5 v.
Book separated into series and collections
CARVALHO, M. Guia prático do alfabetizador. São Paulo: Ática, 1994. 95 p. (Princípios, 243)
Book chapter
PONDY, L. R. Leadership is a language game. In: MCCALL, M. W; LOMBARDO, M. M. (Eds)
Leadership: Where else can we go? Durham: Duke University Press, 1978. p. 87-99.
In the process of publication
ALMEIDA, A. C. Como são feitas as pesquisas eleitorais e de opinião. Rio de Janeiro: FGV, 2002.
196 p. En impresión.
X.2. Electronic books, via CD-ROM
In addition to the references there is information on physical description of the media or support
(disc, CD-ROM etc).
GARSCHAGEN, D. M. Nova Barsa. Rio de Janeiro: Encyclopaedia Britannica do Brasil, 1998. 1
CDROM.
X.3. Electronic books, on-line
References should comply with standards set for printed publications, including electronic address
23
and date the document was accessed.
It is not recommended to make reference to electronic material with a short lifecycle in the web.
FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS. Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo. Manual de
orientação para crescimento da receita própria municipal. São Paulo, 2000. Available at:
http://www.fgvsp.br/academico/estudos/gvconsult/Manual.doc. Access on Feb.12.2001.
24
XI – REFERENCES OF SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES FROM JOURNAL
EDITORIALS, JOURNALISTIC ITEMS, SECTIONS, NEWS ETC
RAE uses ABNT standards, except for:
• it is not mandatory to include month, city, state, season;
• abbreviation of author, organizer author, editor author names etc is recommended. However,
for the printed journal, RAE will always use abbreviation of names, standardizing it
throughout the paper, and the journal;
• no use of two symbols of punctuation together, prevailing the most important punctuation in
the sentence.
• no use of < > symbols for electronic address.
XI.1. Printed magazines
MEIRA, P. M. C. and others. Agentes exclusivos e escritórios no exterior: da decisão a implantação
– a experiência da indústria brasileira de calçados. RAE- revista de administração de empresas, v.
23, n. 4, p. 43-51, 1983.
ROCHA, M. P. C. A questão cidadania na sociedade da informação. Ciência da Informação, v. 29, n.
1, p. 40-45, 2000.
PRESTOWITZ, C. V; TONELSON, A; JEROME, R. W. The last gasp of GATTism. Harvard
Business Review, v. 69, n. 2, p. 130-138, 1991.
SURGIMENTO e expansão dos cursos de administração no Brasil 1952-1983. Ciência e Cultura, v.
11, n. 7, p. 663-676, 1989.
TENOPIR, C. Are you a super searcher? Library Journal, v. 125, n. 4, p. 36-38, 2000. Available at:
Proquest Direct ABI/Inform: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb. Access on Feb.10.2001.
XI.2. Electronic journals
References should comply with standards recommended for article and/or journal article, bulletin etc,
including information regarding physical description of electronic media.
SILVA, M. C. A. Relações de trabalho e regimes de emprego no Canadá e no Brasil - um estudo
comparativo. RAE-eletrônica, v. 6, n. 2, 2007. Available at:
http://www.rae.com.br/eletronica/index.cfm?FuseAction=Artigo&ID=4284&Secao=ARTIGOS&Vol
u me=6&numero=2&Ano=2007. Access on Jan.10.2001.
VIEIRA, C. L; LOPES, M. A queda do cometa. Neo Interativa, Rio de Janeiro, n. 2, 1994. 1 CDROM.
25
XI.3. Reference to the full collection of the periodical
REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE BIBLIOTECONOMIA E DOCUMENTAÇÃO. São Paulo: FEBAB,
1973-1992
XI.3.a Reference without title
SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE AQUICULTURA, 1, 1978, Recife. [Papers presented]. Rio de
Janeiro: Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 1980, ii, 42 p.
26
XII – REFERENCES FROM CONGRESSES
HOPPEN, N. and others. Sistemas de informação no Brasil: uma análise dos artigos científicos dos anos
90. In: ENCONTRO NACIONAL DA ASSOCIAÇÃO NACIONAL DOS PROGRAMAS DE PÓSGRADUAÇÃO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO, 22, 1998, Foz do Iguaçu. Anais. Foz do Iguaçu: ANPAD, 1998.
GUNCHO, M. R. A educação à distância e a biblioteca universitária. In: SEMINÁRIO DE
BIBLIOTECAS UNIVERSITÁRIAS, 10, 1998, Fortaleza. Anais. Fortaleza: Tec Treina, 1998. 1 CDROM.
SILVA, R. N.; OLIVEIRA, R. Os limites pedagógicos do paradigma da qualidade total na educação.
In: CONGRESSO DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA DA UFPE, 4, 1996, Recife. Anais eletrônicos.
Recife: UFPE, 1996. Available at: http://www.propesq.ufpe.br/anais/anais/educ/ce04.htm. Access on
Jan.21.1997.
27
XIII – REFERENCES FROM LEGISLATION
Comprises Constitution, constitutional amendments, and infraconstitutional legal texts (Complementary
law and statute, provisional measure, decree in all its forms, Federal House resolution) and standards
emanated from public and private bodies (normative rulings, ordinance, resolution, service order,
regulatory instruction, statement, notice, circular, administrative ruling, among others).
Essential elements are:
- Jurisdiction (or body heading, effective for standards),
- Publication title, number, date and data.
In case of Constitutions and its amendments, between the name of the jurisdiction and the title, add the
word Constitution, followed by the year of enactment, between brackets.
SÃO PAULO (Estado). Decreto nº 42.822, de 20.01.1998. Lex: coletânea de legislação e
jurisprudência, São Paulo, v. 62, n. 3, p. 217-220, 1998.
BRASIL. Medida provisoria nº 1.569-9, de 11.12.1997. Diário Oficial [da] República Federativa do
Brasil, Poder Executivo, Brasília, DF, 14.12.1997. Sección 1, p. 29514.
BRASIL. Código Civil. 46. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 1995.
BRASIL. Constituição (1988). Emenda constitucional nº 9, de 9-11-1995. Lex: legislação federal e
marginália, São Paulo, v. 59, p. 1996, 1995.
BRASIL. Regulamento dos benefícios da previdência social. In: SISLEX: Sistema de Legislação,
Jurisprudência e Pareceres da Previdência e Assistência Social. [S.l.]: DATAPREV, 1999. 1 CDROM.
BRASIL. Supremo Tribunal Federal. Súmula nº 14. Não é admissível, por ato administrativo,
restringir, em razão de idade, inscrição em concurso para cargo público. Available at:
http://www.truenetm.com.br/jurisnet/sumusSTF.html. Access on 29.11.1998.
28
XIV – REFERENCES FROM DISSERTATIONS AND THESIS
In thesis, dissertations and academic papers, it should be informed level, academic binding, venue and
date of plea, mentioned on the approval sheet (if applicable).
XIV.1. Dissertation
RIBEIRO, R. L. M. Income growth and distribution. 1994. 78 p. Master's dissertation in Economics and
Public Finance, Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo. Fundação Getulio Vargas, São
Paulo, 1994.
XIV.2. Thesis
ABUD, J. Dívida externa, estabilização econômica, abertura comercial, ingresso de capitais
externos e baixo crescimento econômico. 1996. 205 p. Doctorate thesis in Business Economics, Escola
de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo da Fundação Getulio Vargas, São Paulo, 1996.
XIV.3. Other academic papers
ALENTEJO, E. Catalogação de postais. 1999. Paper presented as partial requirement for approval in
Catalogue Subject III, Escola de Biblioteconomia, Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 1999.
29
XIII – REFERENCES FROM SERIES PUBLICATIONS
LIMA, L. A. O. La desregulamentação nos mercados de trabalho e o emprego nas economias capitalistas
avançadas. São Paulo: FGV-EAESP, 2001. Research Reports, n. 15/2001.
30
XIV – REFERENCES FROM NEWSPAPERS
It includes communications, editorial, interviews, lists, articles, reviews and others.
Essential elements are author (if applicable), title, newspaper title, local of publication, date of
publication, section, or part of newspaper or similar. When there is no section, or part, article or item page
precedes date.
LEAL, L. N. Ministério Público fiscaliza com autonomia total. Jornal do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, p. 3,
25.04.1999.
WATANABE, M. Aumenta uso de incentivo ao terceiro setor. Gazeta Mercantil, São Paulo,
14.01.2000. Caderno A, p. 10.
Diário Oficial
SÃO PAULO (Município). Lei nº 11.102, de 29 de outubro de 1991. Dispõe sobre o afastamento de
servidor público municipal para freqüentar curso de graduação ou pós-graduação em Administração
Pública. Diário Oficial do Município de São Paulo, São Paulo, 30.10.1991. Section 1, p.1.
31
XV – REFERENCES FROM MOTION PICTURE
It includes films, VCR, DVD and others.
Essential elements are title, director, producer, location, registration company, date, and support
specification in physical units.
OS PERIGOS do uso de tóxicos. Produção de Jorge Ramos de Andrade. São Paulo: CERAVI, 1983. 1
videocassete.VCR.
32
XVI – REFERENCES FROM ELECTRONIC ONLY ACCESS DOCUMENTS
It includes database, hard disc files, software, software set and electronic messages.
MICROSOFT Project for Windows 95. Version 4.1. [S.I.]: Microsoft Corporation, 1995. 1 CD-ROM.
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATOLICA DE SÃO PAULO. Biblioteca Central. Normas.doc. São
Paulo, 2008. 5 discs.
AVES do Amapá: database. Available at: htpp://www.bdt.org/bdt/avifauna/aves. Access on Feb.05.2007.
33
XVII – TABLES, EXHIBIT AND FIGURES
RAE adopts ABNT standards when standardizing diagrams, with two exceptions:
• it does not include source when it refers to the author himself/herself;
• keep titles above pictures;
• comma is the punctuation symbol used to separate decimal places.
Tables, pictures and charts should be referred to in the text, numbered in increasing order according
to their inclusion in the text, featuring title (and source, when the author is not the article's author)
and should be included in the end of the text, after references; their place of insertion should be
signaled throughout the article.
XVII.1. Table
Diagrams feature numerical data as main information.
Table 3 - Statistics related to GI factor scores and its dimensions (upper case in the first letter of
the title + bold type, preceded with a line)
MICRO
SMALL
AVERAGE
MAJOR
GENERAL
Average
0,29
0,46
0,60
0,72
0,51
dp
0,20
0,20
0,21
0,17
0,22
average
0,28
0,46
0,59
0,72
0,50
Organizational Use of IT
dp
0,20
0,20
0,21
0,16
0,22
average
0,32
0,48
0,56
0,64
0,50
IT Governance
dp
0,30
0,28
0,29
0,28
0,29
average
0,28
0,39
0,47
0,57
0,42
IT Impacts
dp
0,24
0,23
0,23
0,22
0,24
Note: significance level with Bonferroni correcction -0.008 (0.05/6) [upper/lower case, Times New Roman 10]
Source: SOH and MARKUS, 1995. (upper case, Times New Roman 10)
Level of Automation
DESCRIPTIVE
VALUE
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
XVI.2. Exhibit
Diagrams show textual information.
Exhibit 1 - Bossa Nova Profile, Jovem Guarda [In this case, keep upper/lower case + bold type
by reason of being proper name, preceded with one line)
Styles
Musical Characteristics
Themes
Main Composers
Bossa Nova (BN)
Influence from jazz Guitar
rhythm by J.Gilberto
Love, nature
João Gilberto
Vinicius de Moraes
Tom Jobim
MPB
Return to samba and to
Brazilian roots
Electrical guitar Influence
from rock
Social criticism
Chico Buarque
Edu Lobo
Youth themes
Roberto Carlos
Erasmo Carlos
Jovem Guarda (JG)
[In this case, the source is omitted because it is the author's name]
XVI.3. Figure
Diagrams that show process models, object draft.
34
Figure 1 – II and value adding to business (upper case in the first letter of the title + bold
type, preceded with one line)
Source: SOH; MARKUS, 1995. (upper case, Times New Roman 10)
35
XVIII – ATTACHMENTS AND APPENDIXES
Attachments and appendixes should be eliminated and their contents, when relevant, should be
incorporated into the body of the text, as a table/chart.
36
XIX – EQUATIONS AND FORMULAS
In order to make reading easier, they should be highlighted in the text and, if necessary, numbered with
Arabic numerals between brackets, aligned to the right. In the normal sequence of the text, it is allowed
to use a bigger line spacing accommodating their elements (exponents and others).
Examples:
x² + y² = z²
(1)
(x² + y²)/5 = n (2)
37
XX – ACRONYM
When the acronym is used for the first time in the body of the article, its full name precedes the
acronym. Example: Net Present Value (NPV).
XX.1. Initials
Initials are those which correspond to the first letter of each word in the name that is abbreviated.
XX.1.a. When formed by a maximum of three letters, it should always be used UPPER CASE.
Examples:
- UN: United Nations Organization
- MEC: Ministério da Educação e Cultura
- MAM: Museu de Arte Moderna
XX.1.b. When formed by four letters or more and each letter is pronounced
separately, it should also be used UPPER CASE. Examples:
- WACC: Weighted Average Cost of Capital
- INPS: Instituto Nacional Previdência Social
- ABNT: Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas
XX.2. Abbreviations
Abbreviations are those whose letters do not correspond to the first letter of each word.
XX.2.a. When formed by four or more letters, including vowels and consonants, it should
always be used upper/lower case. Examples:
- Dersa: Desenvolvimento rodoviário sociedade anônima
- Camex: Câmara de Comércio Exterior
- Abiquim: Associação Brasileira da Indústria Química
XX.2.b. Write acronyms and initials according to their most usual
description.
Examples: MTb: Ministério do Trabalho
CNPq: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
CPRv: Comando de Policiamento Rodoviário
XX.3. Other examples
Other examples of acronyms writing
Anpad: Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em
Administração
UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
38
XXI. ABBREVIATIONS
XXI.1. Months
January
February
March
April
May
June
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
August
September
October
November
December
Ju
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
39
XXII – DATE ELEMENTS
The purpose of this item is to present the indication in the text of the date of a document or
event and/or in bibliographic references.
XXII.1.Millennium
XXII.1.a. When in full, the indication of millenniums uses ordinal numeral.
Example: Second millennium of Christian Era = II millennium a.C.
XXII.1.b. Numerical indication uses preceding Roman numeral.
Example: II millennium a.C.
XXII.2. Centuries
XXII.2.a. When in full, the indication of centuries uses ordinal numeral. Example:
Twentieth century.
XXII.2.b. Numerical indication use Roman numeral in Portuguese after the word
Século.
Example: Século XX.
XXII.3. Years
XXII.3.a. Years are indicated in Arabic numerals without punctuation symbols
separating decimal places.
Example:
2008
1995
XXII.4. Months
XXII.4.a. Months are indicated in full throughout the text, always with the first letter
in upper case.
XXII.4.b. When necessary to abbreviate months, the table of abbreviations previously
described (page 27) should be used.
XXII.5 Days
Days are indicated using Arabic numerals (in Portuguese) and Ordinal numerals (in English).
Exceptionally, they can be informed in full throughout the text.
XXII.6. Weekdays
Weekdays should be informed in full or abbreviated, and initials in upper case. Examples:
Monday = Mon
Tuesday = Tue
Wednesday = Wed
Thursday = Thu
Friday = Fri
Saturday = Sat
Sunday = Sun
40
XXII.7. Numerical indication of dates
XXII.7.1.a. They should follow the order: day, month and year.
XXII.7.1.b. Days and months are written with two digits and years, with four.
Examples:
04.09.1980
25.04.1910
06.10.2500
15.12.1932
41