Verbo To Be
I
Am
You
We
They
Are
He
She
It
IS
Interrogativas
Interrogativas
• Verbo To be
You are / were playing football.
Are / Were you playing football?
• Auxiliares – do/does (Presente)
She plays the piano very well.
Does she play the piano very well?
• Auxiliares – did (Passado)
She played the piano very well.
Did she play the piano very well?
Presente
Presente
I
You
We
They
Work
He
She
It
Works
Diagram of Frequency
100%
Always
Often
Usually
Frequently
Rarely
Sometimes
Seldom
Never
0%
Presente Contínuo
Presente Contínuo
Presente do verbo to be + verbo + ing
I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
We are
You are
They are
+ to be + Working
I am working now.
You are not wearing
He is walking
You are not doing
You are sitting
They are not eating
Passado
Passado
I
You
He, She, It
We
You
They
Worked / drove
(Regular)
(Irregular)
Usos
• Ações definidas no passado com expressões
que indicam passado (yesterday, ago, last
night, etc)
Jack swan in the gym last night.
Kate saw a ghost two months ago.
Passado Contínuo
Passado Contínuo
• Passado do verbo to be + verbo + ing
I
You
He, She, It
We
You
They
+ passado do To Be
+ Working / driving
I was working yesterday.
Usos
• Ação que estava acontecendo no passado
They were talking with me yesterday.
• Ação que estava acontecendo e começou
outra
She was playing guitar when the bell rang.
met
was walking
was shopping
began
hurted
was staying
was working
went
did
forgot
were living
was
was working
was talking
saw
went
Futuros
Futuro Simples
• Afirmativa – will + verbo no infinitivo sem o
“to”
I will sing next week.
It will rain next week.
Futuro Contínuo
• Will + be + verbo + ing
At this time next week, I will be travelling to Paris.
• Dizer que algo estará em andamento em um certo
instante no futuro
I will be living in London next year.
Futuro com “going to”
• Verbo to be + going to + verbo no infinitivo sem “to”
(geralmente com advérbio de tempo)
I am going to watch a movie tomorrow.
• Expressar intenções, planos ou decisões
She is going to eat pasta.
Leave/room
KATE
JOHN
PAULO
MARY
Presente Perfeito
Presente Perfeito
• Have / has + 3ª coluna
They have seen a blue bird.
• Ação indefinita no passado
We have finished our homework.
• Com since (= desde) e for (= há, faz)
She has lived in London since 1983.
Passado vs. Presente Perfeito
• Passado – especifica o tempo
Paul lost his keys yesterday.
• Presente Perfeito – não especifíca o tempo
Paul has lost his keys.
Present Perfect vs. Simple Past
played football yesterday.
1) Peter _______
have not eaten their lunch
2) The girls _______________
yet.
went to Italy.
3) Last year we ______
Have you _____
won the game of chess?
4) _____
Passado Perfeito
Passado Perfeito
• Had + 3ª coluna
After I had finished lunch, I watched TV.
• Ação que ocorreu no passado antes de outra ação
também no passado
He didn’t go to the cinema because he had already
seen the movie.
had spent
wanted
had phoned
turned on
arrived
left
had washed
had
started
Adjetivos e
Pronomes
Possessivos
Adjetivos Possessivos
Adjetivos Demonstrativos
Pronomes Relativos
e Reflexivos
Pronomes Relativos
Pronomes Relativos
• Who = quem – usado antes de verbo e pessoa
The lady who left the room is my cousin.
• Whom = quem – usado apenas antes de pessoa
The lady whom I talked to is my cousin.
Pronomes Relativos
• Which = que, o (a) qual – usado quando o antecedente for coisa
The bakery which is on the corner is very cheap.
• That = que – usado quando o antecedente for pessoa ou coisa
• Whose = cujo (a) – usado quando o antecedente for pessoa ou coisa,
indicando posse
Jane is the woman whose car he crashed into.
Pronomes Relativos
• Where = onde – indica lugar
The factory where I work is far from here.
• When = quando - indica tempo
Is there a time when we can meet?
• Why = por que – indica razão
The reason why I’m crying is to invite you to the party.
who
which
whose
whose
who
Pronomes Reflexivos
Usos
• Pronome Reflexivo – após o verbo da oração,
concordando com o sujeito
She combs herself before living.
• Pronome Recíproco – each other e one
another
John and Mary love each other.
himself
herself
ourselves
yourself
myself
himself
Graus dos Adjetivos
Graus dos Adjetivos
Graus dos Adjetivos
• Comparativo de Igualdade Positivo
As cold as = tão frio quanto
Winter is as cold as Autumn.
• Comparativo de Inferioridade
Less cold than = menos frio que
Autumn is less cold than Winter.
Graus dos Adjetivos
Graus dos Adjetivos
• Comparativo de Superioridade
• Palavras Pequenas – er
Tall – taller
I’m taller than you.
• Comparativo de Superioridade
• Palavras Grandes – more ... than
Careful – more careful than
An adult is more careful than a child.
Graus dos Adjetivos
Graus dos Adjetivos
• Superlativo de Inferioridade
The least cold = o menos frio
Summer is the least cold season.
Graus dos Adjetivos
Graus dos Adjetivos
• Superlativo de Superioridade
• Palavras Grandes – the ... est
Tall – the tallest
I’m the tallest person in the class.
• Superlativo de Superioridade
• Palavras Pequenas – the most
Careful – the most careful
Snakes are the most careful animal on Earth.
as fast as
not as tall as
not as low as
as bad as
as optimistic as
not as windy as
Graus dos Adjetivos Irregulares
nicer
older
most difficult
most interesting
better
more boring
Verbos Modais
Resumo
• Can, could, be able to, may, might  permissão, possibilidade
• Should, ought to  conselho
• Must, have to  obrigação, dever
• Would rather  preferência
• Be supposed to  expectativa
• Used to/be used to  hábito passado/presente
Can / Could
She Can/could/be able to/may/might play the piano.
You should/ought to/had better study more.
You must stop at a stop sign.
I would rather stay home than go to the party.
Classes are supposed to begin at 7:00.
She used to/is used to spend her holidays at the seaside.
Exercícios
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=
1859#a
http://users.telenet.be/oldlark2002/GRAMMAR/MODAL-VERBS1-MULTIPLE-CHOICE.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/grammar/Modal_Verbs/Exercises/
Fala Reportada
Fala Reportada
• Mudanças Verbais
Fala Reportada
• Mudanças Temporais
Fala Reportada
Fala Direta
Sam: I am going to buy a bike tomorrow.
Fala Reportada
Sam said that he was going to buy a bike
the following day.
Caso Genitivo
Genitive Case
• Indicar posse
• Regra geral  acrescentar ’s aos substantivos que
não terminam em s.
Jane’s flat is big.
• Se terminar em s, acrescenta-se apenas ’ (apóstrofe).
The birds’ wings.
Genitive Case
Peter’s
Smiths’
Children’s
John’s
Steve’s
Susan
Men’s
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=2452
Infinitivo vs.
Gerundio
Infinitivo
• Forma normal do verbo
• Utilizado com ou sem to
• Após adjetivos, advérbios e substantivos
It’s easy to play the piano.
Gerundio
• Forma ing do verbo
• Após preposições (IMPORTANTE)
I’m afraid of falling down.
Infinitivo / Gerundio
to answer
to get
seeing
visiting
Preposições
In
• In – lugar como uma ÁREA
I've been teaching at a college in london.
• In – DENTRO de algo ou algum lugar
The bread is in the oven.
In
• He's in the kitchen.
• There is a shark in the water!
• It was written in the newspaper.
• Chile is a country in South America.
On
• On – lugar como uma SUPERFÍCIE
I sat down on the sofa.
• On – GRUDADO ou ENCOSTADO em algo
The man is on the tree.
On
The book is on the table.
There is a mirror on the wall.
There is a stain on his shirt.
He likes riding on his horse.
At
• At – lugar como um PONTO
She waited at the bus stop for twenty minutes.
• At – refere-se a POSIÇÃO ou LOCALIZAÇÃO
I’m at Hogwarts.
At
• He is at the restaurant.
• They met at a party.
• He is sitting at the corner.
• He was standing at the window.
Prepositions
http://www.autoenglish.org/gr.prep.i.htm
Voz Passiva
Voz Passiva
• Simple Present
Washes – is washed
• Present Continuous
Is washing – is being washed
• Simple Past
Washed – was washed
• Past Continuous
Was washing – was being
washed
• Simple Future
Will wash – will be washed
• Immediate Future
Is going to wash – is going to be
washed
Voz Passiva
• Present Perfect
Has washed – has been washed
• Past Perfect
Had washed – had been washed
Voz Passiva
• Voz Ativa – Sujeito + verbo + objeto
She bought a book.
• Voz Passiva – Sujeito + verbo to be + verbo no
particípio passado
A book was bought (by she).
Voz Passiva
Three cats was rescued.
The reports were handed in.
The blue car was crashed into.
The poem was learned.
The book has been forgotten.
The DVD recorder has not been repaired.