Estrutura
“ had ” + past participle
exemplos:
The train had gone.
I had had lunch.
He had been a waiter.
Uso
Usamos o PAST PERFECT para descrever
Uma ação no
Acontecendo antes
Outra ação no
Uso
Exemplo 1:
The train had gone when I arrived at the station.
a. Ambas
b.
e
aconteceu antes
são ações no passado.
.
Uso
Diagrama de tempo do exemplo 1:
The train had gone when I arrived at the station.
The train had gone
PASSADO
AGORA
FUTURO
I arrived
Não sabemos exatamente quando o trem havia
partido (Ação 1) mas ele partiu em algum ponto no
tempo antes do momento que eu cheguei. (Ação 2).
Obs.:
a. Nós usamos o past perfect quando é necessário
indicar a sequência de duas ações no passado.
Exemplo:
She had gone out when I got home.
Obs.:
b. Se a sequência for clara, o past perfect não é
necessário.
Exemplo:
She went out before I got home.
Obs.:
c. Porém é muito usado para que haja clareza.
Exemplo:
She had gone out before I got home.
Obs.:
d. Nós frequentemente o usamos quando a segunda ação
é subentendida mas não mencionada.
Exemplo:
I hadn’t realised (until you told me).
Obs.:
Compare as frases (a) e (b)
a. When I had had dinner, I watched TV.
b. I had dinner before I watched TV.
Em ambas as frases, qual ação aconteceu primeiro?
Como que a sequência das ações é indicada em cada
uma das frases?
Obs.:
Nas frases (a) & (b), a ação de ter jantado aconteceu
primeiro.
Na (a), a sequência das ações é indicada pelo uso do
past perfect.
Na (b), a sequência das ações é indicada pelo uso do
before.
Estrutura (Negativa & Interrogativa)
Afirmativa: She had finished the homework by the
time Mum came back.
Negativa: She hadn’t (had not) finished the homework
by the time Mum came back.
Interrogativa: Had she finished the homework by the
time Mum came back?
Exercise A
Situation: Susan and Terry returned home from
holiday yesterday to find a broken
window and several valuable items
missing. Later, they tell the police
what happened.
Exercise A (Cont’d)
Put the verb in brackets into the correct form.
(Write down the answers on a piece of paper)
Exercise A (Cont’d)
P: When did you first realize someone (1) [break] into your
house?
T: Well, when we opened the front door we noticed that
someone (2) [walk] through the hall in muddy shoes and (3)
[break] the lock on the living-room door. and then, when we
went into the kitchen, we saw that the thief, or thieves, (4)
[come] in through the kitchen window; they (5) [smash] the
glass and (6) [open] the window from the inside.
P: Anything missing from the kitchen?
S: As far as we can tell, there’s nothing missing from the
kitchen. But it was an awful mess.
Exercise A (Cont’d)
P: And what about the living room?
T: We couldn’t believe our eyes when we first went in. they (7)
[throw] all the books on the floor; they (8) [search] through
every drawer in the desk; they (9) [tear] open all the cushions;
they (10) [pull] the carpet up; and they even (11) [smash] all
the pictures.
P: And what was missing?
S: Well, that’s strange. They (12) [take] some cash and smaller
pieces of silver, but they (13) [leave] a lot of valuable items.
They even (14) [leave] the cheque books. I don’t understand
it.
P: Something or someone probably (15) [disturb] them. It often
happens. Well, we’ll do our best, but there’s not much chance
of recovering your possessions, I’m afraid.
Exercise A (Key)
1. had broken
9. had torn
2. had walked
10. had pulled
3. had broken
11. had even smashed
4. had come
12. had taken
5. had smashed
13. had left
6. had opened
14. had left
7. had thrown
15. had probably disturbed
8. had searched
Exercise B
Situation: Phil had his first flying lesson
yesterday. He’s now telling Richard
what it was like.
Exercise B (Cont’d)
Put the verb in brackets into the correct form.
(Write down the answers on a piece of paper)
Exercise B (Cont’d)
R: You ever (16) [be] in a small plane before?
P: No, and I not (17) [expect] it to be so noisy. I (18) [fly] in
several different jets before, but I never even (19) [see] a
small plane before yesterday.
R: The instructor (20) [realise] you were a complete beginner?
P: Oh yes. He (21) [spend] 30 minutes asking me questions
before we went out of the plane. I told him I always (22)
[want] to learn how to fly, but I never (23) [have] the
opportunity and I not (24) [be] able to afford it before.
Exercise B (Cont’d)
R: Was the lesson as exciting as you (25) [expect]?
P: Oh yes. I (26) [imagine] all sorts of things before I actually
flew the plane. I (27) [think] I would get airsick; I (28)
[dream] I would crash; I (29) [be] worried I would be too
nervous to control the plane; I (30) [imagine] the plane would
catch fire. But after the lesson, I suddenly realized that I not
(31) [be] sick, that we not (32) [crash], that I (33) [control]
the plane well, that the plane not (34) [catch] fire and that I
actually (35) [fly] a plane for the first time in my life. It was
fantastic!
Exercise B (Key)
16. had you ever been
26. I’d imagined
17. hadn’t expected
27. I’d thought
18. I’d flown
28. I’d dreamt
19. I’d never even seen
29. I’d been
20. had the instructor realised
30. I’d imagined
21. he’d spent
31. hadn’t been
22. I’d always wanted
32. hadn’t crashed
23. I’d never had
33. I’d controlled
24. hadn’t been
34. hadn’t caught
25. you’d expected
35. I’d actually flown
The End