LASERS Lasers First laser presented by T.H. Maiman in 1960. Applications Cutting Soldering Marking Etching Biomedical Telecom Military 1000 m Titanium based medical implant micromachined with a femtosecond laser. Detecção de minas anti-pessoal. National Ignition Facility Project http://www.llnl.gov/nif/project/news_status.html NIF's arena-sized building houses 192 laser beams designed to deliver 1.8 million joules of ultraviolet laser energy and 500 terawatts of power to millimeter-sized targets located at the center of its 10-meter-diameter target chamber. The Injection Laser System creates a precisely shaped nanojoule-level laser pulse, which is amplified by a factor of more than 1,000,000 before entering the laser beampath. There, two stages of Laser Amplifiers again increase the laser energy, using the world's largest optical switch to enable multi-pass amplification. The NIF Project in Livermore, California is the largest laser in the world. The facility is very large, the size of a sports stadium The target is very small, the size of a BB-gun pellet The laser system is very powerful, equal to 1,000 times the electric generating power of the United States Each laser pulse is very short, a few billionths of a second HOLOGRAFIA O que necessito para realizar um holograma? -» Uma bancada óptica estável e à prova de vibrações (se a montagem óptica vibrar o equivalente a meio comprimento de onda da luz utilizada o holograma não é formado) -» Um laser HeNe com, no mínimo, 5 mW (quanto maior a potência, menor o tempo requerido para a exposição, minimizando o risco de ocorrerem instabilidades mecânicas durante a exposição); -» Um ambiente escuro ou iluminado por luz de segurança (complementar à cor do laser) de baixa potência (15 W); -» Elementos ópticos diversos (espelhos, filtros espaciais, divisores de feixe (“beam-splitters”), lentes (ou objectivas), suportes, etc.); -» Filmes holográficos Beam Spliter (Divisor de Feixe) 90/10 Espelho LASER Objectiva Difusor Objectiva Placa Holográfica Espelho Objecto FIBRAS 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Fiber link multiplexer demultiplexer Generation of broadband radiation in microstructured fiber LASERS EM FIBRA Espelhos Acopladores Meio de Ganho Nd Yb Er 800 1000 1400 1200 Wavelength, nm Pump laser at 915 nm 1600 WDM SESAM LM PC OI Yb Output DG 2 kW (Yb) Multimode 200 150 W (Nd/Yb) Laser power [W] 150 110 W (Yb) single mode 100 50 0 1996 30 W (Nd) 1997 135 W (Yb) single mode 10 W (Yb) single frequency 1998 1999 2000 Year 2001 2002 2003 TELECOM http://www.anacom.pt Estatísticas : Anuários Estatísticos : 2004 1858 Incoming Spectrum Transmitted Spectrum Reflected Spectrum Layers Substrate