Vol. 6, No. 1 January 2015 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences ©2009-2015 CIS Journal. All rights reserved. http://www.cisjournal.org An Assessment of Institutional Repository Initiatives in Higher Education Institutions in Brazil 1 1 Assistant 2 S. Dhanavandan, 2 A.Isabella Mary Librarian, Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Gandhigram-624 302, Dindigul Dt. TN. Research Scholar, Dept. of Library and Information Science, Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University Gandhigram-624 302, Dindigul Dt. TN. 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper discusses number of institutional repositories, software used, what are the content available in IR, which language mostly used in Brazil. Currently the intellectual output of the educators and the organization plays an essential role in the education knowledge process of a Higher Educational Institution. Articles; Theses; Unpublished; Books; Datasets etc are scattered in many places of an institution in print and electronic form. Therefore it is essential to collect, classify, arrange and store these materials digitally in a single platform by establishing Institutional Repository (IR) and to provide easy access to them over intranet/internet to the institute community and others. The 84 repositories are available in Bazil country with consists of total 11, 17,688 number of records. But only one repository namely BDSF (Biblioteca Digital do Senado Federal) repositories have more than two lakhs records. Keywords: Institutional Repository, Brazil, software 1. INTRODUCTION An institutional repository (IR) is an online archive for collecting, preserving, and disseminating digital copies of the intellectual output of an institution, particularly a research institution. An institutional repository can be viewed as a "...a set of services that a university offers to members of its community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members. This includes materials such as monographs, academic journal articles, both preprints and post prints undergoing peer review, as well as electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs). Dr S.R. Ranganathan’s five laws of library science enforce on the thought of providing the right information to the right users on right time by making the document available to the user irrespective of users and the place of the document. An institutional repository might also include other digital assets generated by academics, such as administrative documents, course notes, learning objects, or conference proceedings. Deposit of material in an institutional repository is sometimes mandated by that institution. Some of the main objectives for having an institutional repository are to provide open access to institutional research output by self-archiving it, to create global visibility for an institution's scholarly research, and to store and preserve other institutional digital assets, including unpublished or otherwise easily lost literature such as theses or technical reports. We may define IR shortly as 'a digital archive of an intellectual product created by the staff and students of an individual institution so as to make it available and accessible by the end users within the institution in eform'. IR is a very powerful initiative that can serve as an engine of change for any institution and become an indispensable component for information and knowledge sharing in the scholarly world. IR provides a method for capturing and maintaining today's electronic resources, so that tomorrow's scholars can use and understand the thinking behind the published records. 2. WHAT ARE INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORIES? Institutional repositories are digital collections of the outputs created within a university or research institution. Whilst the purposes of repositories may vary in most cases, they are established to provide Open Access to the institution’s research output. Repositories adhere to an internationally agreed set of technical standards that means that they expose the metadata of each item in their contents on the Web in the same basic way. In other words, they are ‘interoperable’. This common protocol to which they all adhere is called the open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting. The contents of all repositories are then indexed by Web search engines such as Google and Google Scholar, creating online Open Access databases of freely-available global research. As the level of selfarchiving grows the Open Access corpus will represent an increasingly large proportion of the scholarly literature. 3. IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY It will help to develop a national research repository infrastructure by setting up, populating and linking individual repositories; It will stimulate development of services that draw on research information made available through the repository infrastructure; It will provide a window that gives open access to improve the sponsoring institution’s visibility and status; It will support the open-access model of publication. 31 Vol. 6, No. 1 January 2015 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences ©2009-2015 CIS Journal. All rights reserved. http://www.cisjournal.org 4. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This study is only limited to open access Institutional Repositories which are listed in the DOAR. It is only considered in Brazil and other countries are not considered. 5. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The following objectives are framed a. To know the name and strength of IRs in Brazil b. To identify the contents available in the IRs in Brazil c. To identify the various software used in IRs d. To elicit languages used in IRs 6. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION This study is aimed to discuss about the Institutional Repositories available in Brazil. The respected sources were collected from Open DOAR directory. In Brazil the name of the repositories and their strength are shown in table-1 Table 1: Institutional Repository in Brazil Vs Name of Institutions SL. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Name of the Institution Repository Acervo Digital da Unesp ARES - Acervo De Recursos Educacionais Em Saúde Banco Internacional de Objetos Educacionais Bibioteca Digital Ação Educativa Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações BDBComp (Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Computação) Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual da Universidade de São Paulo (BDPI/USP) Biblioteca Digital da UNICAMP Biblioteca Digital de Monografias (BDM) Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da Universidade de São Paulo (Digital Library USP) Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da Universidade Federal do Maranhão Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações Eletrônicas da UERJ Biblioteca Digital do IDP BDSF (Biblioteca Digital do Senado Federal) Biblioteca Digital Jurídica do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (BDJur) Biblioteca Multimídia Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - Minisétrio da Saúde (BVS) Biblioteca Virtual Sobre Corrupcao Brasiliana USP Carpe dIEN CBPF Index Central de Informações sobre Cooperação Jurídica Internacional (Information Center on International Legal Cooperation) DSpace at UFPR Guaiaca Infoteca-e ARCA (Institutional Repository of Fiocruz) Jobim Livre Saber - Repositorio Digital de Materiais Didaticos Livro Aberto Lume - Repositório Digital da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul PePSIC - Electronic Psychology Journals (Portal de Periódicos Eletrônicos de Psicologia (PePSIC)) Projeto Maxwell (MAXWELL) RCTI Repositório Acadêmico de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação (RABCI) Repositório de Dados Eleitorais Repositório de Divulgação das Produções Científicas e Técnicas da UFGD Repositório de Outras Coleções Abertas (ROCA) Repositório de Publicações Cientificas da Universidade Federal do Maranhão Repositório de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB No. of IR 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 No. of Records 89645 1437 19835 2157 0 16320 40810 1 1 1 1 42528 8717 0 49714 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 7989 1197 244830 25168 0 0 1340 7661 255 9152 338 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16795 335 29481 6289 9701 1364 492 104386 53358 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16604 126 422 73 110 2542 125 0 32 Vol. 6, No. 1 January 2015 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences ©2009-2015 CIS Journal. All rights reserved. http://www.cisjournal.org 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 Repositório Digital da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Repositório Digital da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul Repositório Eletrônico - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias Repositório Eletrônico Institucional (REI) Ri - INT (Repositório Institucional - Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia) Repositório Institucional da ENAP Repositório Institucional da Fundação Centro Tecnológico de Minas Gerais Repositório Institucional da Fundação João Pinheiro Repositório Institucional da PUCRS Repositório Institucional da UFPE Repositório Institucional da UFRB Repositório Institucional da UFSC Repositório Institucional da UFVJM Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Brasília (RIUnB) Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal da Bahia (RI/UFBA) Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal de Goiás RIUFLA (Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal de Lavras) Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal de Sergipe Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (RI UFU) Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Acre Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Pará (RIUFPA) Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal Fluminense (RIUFF) Repositório Institucional da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (RIUT) Repositório Institucional de Produção Científica da ENSP Repositório Institucional do UniCEUB Repositório Institucional Rede CEDES Repositório Institucional UFMS (RIUFS) Repositório Institucional UNESP SabeRES (Repositório Saberes em Gestão Pública) Repositório UEPG REPOSCOM (Repositórios Institucionais em Ciências da Comunicação) Repositorio Digital Repositorio Institucional da Fundacao Santo Andre Repositorio Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará Alice (Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from Embrapa) RIDI - Repositório Institucional Digital do Ibict Roca SciELO Public Health SciELO Social Sciences Scientific Electronic Library Online - Brazil (SciELO - Brazil) Total Table 1 shows the name of the Institutional repository are available in the Bazil. The 84 repositories are available in Bazil country with consists of total 11, 17,688 number of records. Among the 84, BDSF (Biblioteca Digital do Senado Federal) repositories have more than two lakhs records and Lume 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 84 246 338 190 0 425 1156 106 479 6208 47 281 48462 1 15416 14835 1042 4347 4 886 4237 200 262 3664 3828 5530 213 911 14605 5242 151 1851 72358 0 536 10138 5272 231 8944 54332 408 2542 1609 120 14739 1117688 - Repositório Digital da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul repository have more than one lakh records. But, it is highlighted that among the 84 repositories, 8 repositories has no single records in their repositories . 33 Vol. 6, No. 1 January 2015 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences ©2009-2015 CIS Journal. All rights reserved. http://www.cisjournal.org S.n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Table 2: Distribution of Software using IRs in Brazil Software No. of IR Percent Cumulative Percent Corisco 1 1.19 1.19 ETD-db 1 1.19 2.38 Maxwell 1 1.19 3.57 Nou-Rau 1 1.19 4.76 Drupal 2 2.38 7.14 SciELO 4 4.76 11.9 TEDE 4 4.76 16.66 DSpace 63 75.00 91.66 Not Mentioned 7 8.33 100 Total 84 100.00 Table 2 indicates the list of software are using in the institutional repositories in Brazil. Among the 84 repositories, 63 (75%) repositories are using DSpace software, 4(4.8%) repositories are established by equally using SciELO and TEDE software and 2(2.4%) repository S.n 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. are generated by using Drupal software. Finally 7 (8.3%) repository are not specified their software in the DOAR. So, it is evident from the table, DSpace software occupy the first position among the institutional repositories in Brazil. Table 3: Distribution of Contents in IRs in Brazil Content No. of IR Percent Articles; Conferences; Theses 1 1.19 Articles; Multimedia 1 1.19 Articles; Theses; Books; Special 1 1.19 Articles; Theses; Unpublished; Special 1 1.19 Conferences; Unpublished 2 2.38 Datasets 1 1.19 References; Books 1 1.19 Articles; Books 2 2.38 Articles; References 2 2.38 Articles; Theses 2 2.38 Articles; Theses; Unpublished; Books; Datasets 2 2.38 Books 2 2.38 Multimedia; Special 2 2.38 Theses; Books 2 2.38 Theses; Multimedia 2 2.38 Theses; Unpublished 2 2.38 Articles; Theses; Multimedia 3 3.57 Articles; Conferences; Theses; Books 4 4.76 Learning Objects; Multimedia; Software 5 5.95 Articles; Theses; Books 7 8.33 Articles 10 11.90 Theses 11 13.10 Articles; Conferences; Theses; Books; Learning Objects; 18 21.43 Multimedia Total 84 100.00 Cumulative Percent 1.19 2.38 3.57 4.76 7.14 8.33 9.52 11.9 14.28 16.66 19.04 21.42 23.8 26.18 28.56 30.94 34.51 39.27 45.22 53.55 65.45 78.55 100 Table 3 indicates distribution types of contents listed in the institutional repositories in Brazil. Among the 84 repositories in Brazil, 18(21.4%) repositories for Articles/Conferences/Theses/Books/Learning Objects/Multimedia, 10(11.9%) repositories for only articles is generated and 11(13.1%) repositories for theses is generated. It is found that most institutional repositories are holding the Articles; Conferences; Theses; Books; Learning Objects; Multimedia is the major contents. 34 Vol. 6, No. 1 January 2015 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences ©2009-2015 CIS Journal. All rights reserved. http://www.cisjournal.org S. No 1 2 3 4 Table 4: Distribution of Languages using IRs in Brazil Languages No. of IR Percent Cumulative Percent Spanish 1 1.2 100.0 English; Spanish; Portuguese 9 10.7 10.7 Portuguese/English 13 15.5 98.8 Portuguese 61 72.6 83.3 Total 84 100.0 9(10.7%) are using English/Spanish/Portuguese languages. It is concluded that, most of the repositories are also used Portuguese languages but only one repository are generated by using Spanish language only. Table 4 stated the distribution languages are used in the institutional repositories in Brazil. Among the 84 repositories, 61(72.6%) repositories are in only Portuguese, 13(15.5%) are using Portuguese/English and S. No 1 Table 5: IRs in Brazil Vs No. of Records Size of the IR No. of IR Percent Cumulative Percent 1-5000 44 52.38 52.38 2 5001-10000 11 13.10 65.48 3 4 10001-20000 9 10.71 76.19 20001-30000 2 2.38 78.57 5 40001-50000 4 4.76 83.33 6 7 50001-60000 2 2.38 85.71 70001-80000 1 1.19 86.90 8 80001-90000 1 1.19 88.09 9 10 Above 100000 2 2.38 90.48 100.00 Not specified 8 9.52 Total 84 100.00 The table 5 indicates the institutional repositories in Brazil were classified based on the no. of records available in the repositories. The no. of records were classified under following frequency. It is classified like that up to 5000, 5001-10000, 10001-20000, 20001-30000, 30001-40000, 40001-50000, 50001-60000, 70001-80000, 80001-90000 and above 100000 records which are S.n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 available in the sources. Among the 84 repositories, 44 (52.38%) has below 5000 records, 11(13.10%) has more than 5000 but below 10000 records. It is found that 2 (2.38%) repositories are having more than 100000 records in the collections and 8 (9.52%) repositories are not specified the collection of the Institute. Table 6: Relation between Content and Languages in IRs in Brazil English/ Portugues Portuguese/ Content Spanish/ e English Portuguese Articles 4(4.76) 3(3.57) 3(3.57) Articles; Books 1(1.19) 1(1.19) 0 Articles; Conferences; Theses 0 1(1.19) 0 Articles; Conferences; Theses; Books 1(1.19) 3(3.57) 0 Articles; Conferences; Theses; Books; 3(3.57) 15(17.86) 0 Learning Objects; Multimedia Articles; Multimedia 0 1(1.19) 0 Articles; References 0 2(2.38) 0 Articles; Theses 0 2(2.38) 0 Articles; Theses; Books 0 3(3.57) 4(4.76) Articles; Theses; Books; Special 0 1(1.19) 0 Articles; Theses; Multimedia 0 3(3.57) 0 Articles; Theses; Unpublished; Books; 0 1(1.19) 1(1.19) Datasets Spanish Total 0 0 0 0 10(11.90) 2(2.38) 1(1.19) 4(4.76) 0 18(21.43) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1(1.19) 2(2.38) 2(2.38) 7(8.33) 1(1.19) 3(3.57) 0 2(2.38) 35 Vol. 6, No. 1 January 2015 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences ©2009-2015 CIS Journal. All rights reserved. http://www.cisjournal.org 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Articles; Theses; Unpublished; Special Books Conferences: Unpublished Datasets Learning Objects; Multimedia; Software Multimedia; Special References; Books Theses Theses; Books Theses; Multimedia Theses; Unpublished Total 0 0 0 0 1(1.19) 2(2.38) 0 1(1.19) 0 0 2(2.38) 0 0 0 0 0 1(1.19) 2(2.38) 2(2.38) 1(1.19) 0 5(5.95) 0 0 5(5.95) 0 0 0 0 0 0 9(10.71) 1(1.19) 1(1.19) 8(9.52) 2(2.38) 2(2.38) 2(2.38) 61(72.62) 1(1.19) 0 2(2.38) 0 0 0 13(15.48) 0 0 1(1.19) 0 0 0 1(1.19) 2(2.38) 1(1.19) 11(13.10) 2(2.38) 2(2.38) 2(2.38) 84(100) Table 6 indicates relation between of contents and languages used in the institutional repositories in Brazil. Among the 84 repositories in Brazil, 15(17.86%) repositories content for Articles; Conferences; Theses; Books; Learning Objects; Multimedia in Portuguese language and 10 (11.90%) repositories are provide only article. It is found that only one repository is available by Spanish for theses purpose. Chi-Square Tests Value Df Pearson Chi-Square 61.757 69 Likelihood Ratio 59.526 69 N of Valid Cases 84 The Chi-square test is applied for further discussion. The computed Chi-square value is 61.757 and the degrees of freedom value is 69 which is higher than its tabulated value at 5 percent level of significance. Hence S. No Software 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Corisco Drupal DSpace ETD-db Maxwell Nou-Rau SciELO Not specified TEDE Total Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) .720 .785 the difference among the institutional repositories with respect content and languages is statistically identified as not significant . Table 7: Relationship between Language and Software Languages English/ Spanish/ Portuguese Portuguese/English Portuguese 0 1(1.19) 0 1(1.19) 1(1.19) 0 5(5.95) 47(55.95) 10(11.90) 0 0 1(1.19) 0 1(1.19) 0 0 1(1.19) 0 3(3.57) 0 1(1.19) 0 6(7.14) 1(1.19) 0 4(4.76) 0 9(10.71) 61(72.61) 13(15.47) Spanish 0 0 1(1.19) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1(1.19) Total 1(1.19) 2(2.38) 63(75.00) 1(1.19) 1(1.19) 1(1.19) 4(4.76) 7(8.33) 4(4.76) 84(100) Table 7 shows the relationship between languages used in institutional repositories in Brazil and Software. Among the 84, 63(75.00) repositories used in Dspace which includes 47(55.95%) Portuguese language and 10(11.90%) repositories in Portuguese/English languages. Some of the software like Corisco, ETD-db, Maxwell and Nou-Rau used in only one repository in Brazil. It is pointed out that 7 (8.33%) repositories are not specified languages used in their respective sources. 36 Vol. 6, No. 1 January 2015 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences ©2009-2015 CIS Journal. All rights reserved. http://www.cisjournal.org Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio N of Valid Cases Chi-Square Tests Value Df 31.654 24 25.624 24 84 The Chi-square test is applied for further discussion with respect of languages using in Institutional repositories versus software. The computed Chi-square value is 31.654 and the degrees of freedom value is 24 which is higher than its tabulated value at 5 percent level of significance. Hence the difference among the institutional repositories in software and languages is statistically identified as significant. [4] Dhanasegam.G. (2006). Knowledge Management in Libraries Indian Scenario. Indian Journal of Information, Library and Society. 19(1 -2):83-S8, [5] Arora, Jagdish (2004). Network-enabled digitized collection at the Central library: IIT Delhi. The International Information & Library Review, 36, 1, 1-11. Retrieved fromhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/p ii/S1057231703000523 [6] Das, Anup Kumar et.al. (2005). Digitization of scholarly materials in India for distance and open learners: ICDE international conference. Retrieved fromhttp://openmed.nic.in/1217/01/Anup_Kumar_ Das_ICDE_Conference_05.pdf [7] Dhanavandan, S.,& Tamizhchelvan, M., (2014). Repositories for library and information science in the world. Chinese Librarianship: an International Electronic Journal, 38. URL: http://www.iclc.us/cliej/cl38DT.pdf [8] Digital Library of fromhttp://www.dli.ernet.in/ [9] Griffin, Stephen M. (2002). NSF/DARPA/NASA Digital Libraries Initiative: A Program Manager's Perspective: D-Lib Magazine. Doi: 10.1045/july98-griffin. [10] Jain, P.K &Babber, Parveen (2006). Digital Library initiatives in India. The International Information & Library Review, 38, 3, 161-169. Doi:10.1016/j.iilr.2006.06.003 [11] Kashmir Knowledge open Repository (Knoor). Retrieved fromhttp://kashmiruniversity.net/download/poli.pdf [12] Kuny, T. (1998). Digital Library Projects: European Commission Telemetric for Libraries Program. Retrieved from http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/9/1/pl-2456-e.html 7. FINDINGS The 84 repositories are available in Bazil country with consists of total 11, 17,688 number of records. Among the 84, BDSF (Biblioteca Digital do Senado Federal) repositories have more than two lakhs records. In Brazil 63 (75%) repositories are using DSpace software, 4(4.8%) repositories are established by equally using SciELO and TEDE software and 2(2.4%) repository are generated by using Drupal software. The 61(72.6%) repositories are in only Portuguese, 13(15.5%) are using Portuguese/English and 9(10.7%) are using English/Spanish/Portuguese languages 8. CONCLUSION Institutional Repositories have a vital role in that removing access barriers will accelerate research, enrich education, and share learning. Analysis of institutional repositories in Brazil is not sufficient when comparing the growth of higher educational institutions. So, the library professionals trying to make the necessary initiatives to create the institutional repositories more. It is good effort for accessing all the IR in one place all over the world. REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] Ranganathan, Shiyali Ramamrita. "The five laws of library science.", Madras: The Madras Library Association, 1931) Anil Kumar, H. (2006). Knowledge Management Strategies for Effective Management Libraries, Digital Libraries in Knowledge Management. Sreekumar, M.G. (et al). Ed. New Delhi: Ess.pp.72-92. Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) .136 .373 India. Retrieved Ashalatha, et al. Building institutional repository: A overview.OCLC Sys. & Serv., 2007, 23, 78-86. 37