52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Behavior study of growth rate for male quail of Coturnix coturnix japonica and Coturnix coturnix coturnix
lineages
Nayara de Araújo Ferreira1, Andrea Luciana dos Santos3, Hyalo Batista dos Santos1, Ana Carolina César da Silva2,
Mariete Souza Ferro2, Annaiza Braga Bignardi Santana3, Mário Luiz Santana Júnior3
¹Animal Science Undergraduate Students - UFMT, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil. Scholarships sponsored by CNPq / FAPEMAT. E-mail:
[email protected], [email protected]
²Animal Science Undergraduate Student - UFMT, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil
³Animal Science Professors - UFMT, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the behavior of growth rate for male quail of Japanese
lineage (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and European lineage (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) in the period from 1 to 105
days old using the nonlinear Gompertz model. It was used 50 males from each lineage and the birds had ad libitum
access to water and ration. The point of change in standard acceleration, (LnB)/K), age that the bird reaches the
highest growth rate for male of Japanese lineage was 14.45 days, the weight to maximum growth rate was 47.71g
(A/e) and the maximum gain rate was 3.99g/dia (K*(A/e)). On the other hand, males from European lineage were
20.99 days, 103.90g e de 6.54g/day respectively, according to mathematical model of Gompertz. The equation of
mathematical model of Gompertz was adjusted adequately and through its derivative was possible to study the
behavior of growth rate on two lineages and then monitoring and evaluation of growth rate for male in Japanese
(Coturnix coturnix japonica) and European (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) quail that belong to animal breeding
program at UFMT.
Keywords: body growth, broilers, non-linear model, quail production
Estudo de comportamento da taxa de crescimento de machos de codornas da linhagem Coturnix coturnix
japônica e Coturnix coturnix coturnix
Resumo: A realização deste trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento da taxa de crescimento de
machos de codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) e europeias (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) no período de
1 a 105 dias de idade utilizando o modelo não-linear de Gompertz. Foram utilizados 50 machos de cada linhagem,
onde as aves tiveram acesso ad libitum à água e ração. O ponto de mudança do padrão de aceleração, (LnB)/K,
idade em que a ave atinge a maior taxa de crescimento para machos da linhagem japonesa foi de 14,45 dias, o peso
à taxa máxima de crescimento foi 47,71g (A/e) e a taxa máxima ganho por dia foi de 3,99g/dia (K*(A/e)). Para
machos da linhagem europeia, foi de 20,99 dias, 103,90g e de 6,54g/dia, respectivamente, de acordo com a derivada
da equação do modelo matemático de Gompertz. A equação do modelo matemático de Gompertz, foi ajustado
adequadamente, e com sua derivada foi possível o estudo do comportamento da taxa de crescimento das duas
linhagens e, portanto, o monitoramento e avaliação da taxa de crescimento de machos de codornas japonesas
(Coturnix coturnix japonica) e europeias (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) da população pertencente ao programa de
melhoramento genético de codornas da UFMT.
Palavras–chave: aves de corte, coturnicultura, crescimento corporal, modelo não-linear
Introduction
Quail productions were introduced in Brazil in the early 60 (SOUZA-SOARES and SIEWERDT, 2005).
Currently, quail for meat is spreading through all Brazilian regions for being an alternative source of protein of the
consumer market that is demanding products with differentiated quality such as taste, texture or other distinctive
attribute. Therefore, the determination of parameters of Gompertz equations for the quail is of utmost importance to
the knowledge of poultry production sector. These equations, as well as predict and deposition of body weight of
the quails nutrients at any age, age of great help in the definition of slaughter thereof, can contribute to improve the
performance and reduce the cost of production. So the mathematical models are considered key tools to describe the
performance and growth of birds, and allow an analysis to adopt strategies that enable better performance,
especially with regard to the increase in meat production. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate growth
rate in different lineages of male quail, in the period of 1 to 105 days old for population in Japanese (Coturnix
coturnix japonica) European (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) that belong to the Animal Breeding Program at the
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
University Federal of Mato Grosso, in Rondonópolis.Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate growth rate in
different lineages of male quail, in the period of 1 to 105 days old for population in Japanese (Coturnix coturnix
japonica) European (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) that belong to the Animal Breeding Program at the University
Federal of Mato Grosso, in Rondonópolis.
Material e Methods
The experiment was conducted in the experimental shed of quail department at the University Federal of
Mato Grosso, in Rondonópolis. It was used 50 males of European (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) and 50 of Japanese
(Coturnix coturnix japonica) lineages that belong to Animal Breeding Program at UFMT, in the period of 1 to 105
days old. The birds were placed in cages with dimensions of 100 cm length × 25 cm width × 20 cm height. The
feeders were gutter type and automatic drinkers. First of all, it was introduced initial ration (1 to 21 days old) which
had 25% of crude protein (CP), 1.19% calcium (Ca), 0.7% phosphorus (P), 2.5% ether extract (EE), 4.3% crude
fiber (CF) e, 2.682 Kcal/kg metabolizable energy (ME). After it, growth ration was used (22 to 35 days old) with
23% CP, 0.9% Ca, 0.6% P, 2.6% EE, 4.0% CF, 2.774 Kcal/kg ME. The birds had ad libitum access to water and
ration. The live weight of birds was measured weekly, from 1º until 70º day old and after this period (71º to 105º),
the weight was obtained every two weeks for determination of growth parameters. Colected data were adjusted for
growth equation described by Gompertz model: A*exp[-B*exp(-K*t)], in addition the calculation of age to a
maximum rate: (Ln B)/K, weight to a maximum rate: A/e and maximum rate K*(A/e) of derived from Gompertz
model, which A is the maturity weight; B, a constant of integration related to initial weight and without welldefined biological interpretation; K is interpreted as maturation rate, a speed indicator as the animal approaches its
adult size and e the Eulerian number.
Results and Discussion
As age increases, growth rate (Figure 1 and 2) of quail is reduced and it decreases weight gain. The change
of acceleration standard in a curve is related to (Ln B)/K value, which is the necessary time for the quail reaches the
biggest growth rate for male in Japanese lineage was 14.45 days, the weight for maximum growth rate was 47.71g
(A/e) and the maximum gain rate per day was 4.00g/dia (K*(A/e)). On the other hand, for males of European
lineage it was 20.99 days 103.89g and 6.54g/day, respectively, in accordance with the derived of equation from the
mathematical model of Gompertz. Accordingto Silva & Costa (2009) cited by Grieser 2012, the maximum growth
rate for Japanese and European quail is reached around 27 days old. Du Preez & Sales (1997) determined the
growth curve for European quail using Gompertz equations concluding that fast growth occurred until 21 days old,
after this period the gain starts to decrease because of a change by protein deposition and water for fat on the
carcass. Based on these results, male quail of Japanese lineage had faster growth reaching age with the maximum
growth rate early, but with maximum growth rate lower in Japanese males, however, weight and maximum rate of
daily gain were higher in European quail.
6
7
5
6
4
3
Japonesa
2
1
0
Growth rate (g/days)
Growth rate (g/days)
7
5
4
Europeia
3
2
1
0
0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 91 98 105
Age (days)
Figure 1 - Growth rate adjusted by Gompertz equation based
on age of male quail in Japanese lineage (Coturnix
coturnix japonica)
0
7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 91 98 105
Age (days)
Figure 2 - Growth rate adjusted by Gompertz equation
based on age of male quail in European
lineage (Coturnix coturnix coturnix)
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Conclusions
In conclusion, male growth of the first generation in Japanese (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and European
quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix), that belong to Animal Breeding Program of quail department at UFMT was
described adequately by Gompertz model which showed distinct growth behaviors. This model can be a useful tool
for monitoring the genetic progress of the population for male quail in Japanese and European lineages, from 1 to
105 days old and the knowledge of the period in which growth rate is maximum is 15 days old for Japanese
(Coturnix coturnix japonica) and 21 days old for European (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) quail.
Acknowledgements
To the University of Mato Grosso for financial support and infrastructure. To National Council for Scientific
and Technological Development for scientific initiation scholarship (PIBITI).
References
DU PREEZ, J.J.; SALES, J. Growth rate of different sexes of the European quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix).
British Journal of Poultry Science, v. 38, p.314-315. 1997.
GRIESER, D. O. Estudo do crescimento e composição corporal de linhagens de codornas de corte e postura. 2012.
109p. 2012. Tese de Doutorado. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Estadual de Maringá,
Maringá.
SILVA, J.H.V.; COSTA, F.G.P. Tabela de Exigência Nutricional de Codornas Japonesas e Europeias. 2. ed.
Jaboticabal-SP: Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa, Ensino e Extensão - FUNCEP, 2009. 107p.
SOUZA-SOARES, L.A.; SIEWERDT, F. Aves e Ovos: Criação de Codornas. Pelotas: Ed. da Universidade Federal
de Pelotas, UFPEL, 2005.
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