52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de julho de 2015
Desempenho de fêmeas bubalinas suplementadas com torta de palmiste criadas em sistema de lotação
intermitente na Amazônia Oriental
João Maria do Amaral Junior2, Samanta do Nascimento Monteiro3, Dayana Neves de Melo3, Elder Santana
Natividade do Carmo3, Arilson Moraes Cardoso4, Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano5, André Guimarães Maciel e Silva6.
1
Parte do trabalho de doutorado do primeiro autor, financiado pelo CAPES.
Doutorando do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal (UFPA/UFRA/Embrapa Amazônia Oriental). e-mail:
[email protected]. Bolsista da CAPES.
3
Graduando do curso de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA/Belém –PA.
4
Mestre em Ciência Animal (UFPA/UFRA/Embrapa Amazônia Oriental).
5
Eng. Agro. e Meteorologista, Dra. em Agrometeorologia, Pesquisadora da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental.
6
Professor Adjunto Instituto de Medicina Veterinária da UFPA/Castanhal-PA.
2
Resumo: Tendo em vista o aumento da produção da palma de óleo no estado do Pará e seu crescente uso na
produção animal, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o ganho de peso de fêmeas bubalinas submetidas à
suplementação com base na torta de palmiste, criadas em sistema de lotação intermitente. Utilizou-se 24 fêmeas
com idade e peso médio iniciais de 54 meses e 503,1 kg, respectivamente. Estes animais foram mantidos em
pastagem cultivada de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu sendo a área dividida em oito piquetes experimentais. O
período experimental foi de junho/2013 a junho/2014. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com
quatro tratamentos e seis repetições por tratamento. Os níveis de suplementação de torta de palmiste foram
determinados em função do peso corporal: 0% (controle), torta de dendê (0,25%), torta de dendê (0,50%), e torta de
dendê (1,00%). As médias obtidas em 12 meses de avaliações não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os
tratamentos, (12,1, 12,6, 14,5, 13,0 kg/dia em tratamento controle (0%), 0,25%, 0,50%, 1,00%, respectivamente.
Palavras–chave: Coprodutos, manejo, nutrição, produção animal, Pará
Performance of female buffalos supplemented with palm kernel cake reared in rotational grazing system in
eastern Amazon
Abstract: Given the increase of palm oil production in Pará state and the use in animal production, this study aims
to evaluate the weight gain of female buffalos subjected to supplementation based on palm kernel cake and reared
in rotational grazing system. Twenty four females that were 54 months old and had average initial body weight
(BW) of 503.1 kg were used. These animals were maintained on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture and the
area was divided in eight experimental paddocks. The experiment was executed in June, 2013 to June, 2014. The
experiment was analyzed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications per
treatment. The treatments were the supplementation based on the palm kernel cake with the following inclusion
levels related to BW: 0% (control), Palm kernel cake (0.25%), Palm kernel cake (0.50%) and Palm kernel cake
(1.00%). The obtained means during twelve months of evaluation did not present significant difference among the
treatment (12.1, 12.6, 14.4, 13.0 kg/day upon Control treatment (0%), 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.00%, respectively.
Keywords: By-products, management, nutrition, animal production, Pará
Introduction
The Palm Market is increasing in an accelerated way in Amazon area. The state of Pará produced in 2013
around 1,040,538 t of palm. It represents more than 90% of national production (IBGE, 2013) and an increase of
61% compared to the last year.
According to Oliveira et al. (2011), the use of by-products in animal feed is an interesting alternative to the
livestock activity since it reduces feed costs by converting products with low market value in high quality protein. It
also promotes, consequently, a reduction of environmental impacts by absorbing much of waste produced by
agribusiness (Abdalla et al., 2008). For selection of by-products to animal supplementation, it is indispensable to
analyze the following factors: available quantity, approaching of the industry or consumption place, nutritional
characteristics, transportation costs, conditioning and storage of it.
One of by-products produced in large amounts by agribusiness is the palm kernel cake. It has large
potential of utilization in ruminant feed. Therefore, this study was made to evaluate the performance of female
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Página - 1 - de 3
52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de julho de 2015
buffalos reared in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture, handled in rotation grazing system and supplemented
with palm kernel cake.
Material and Methods
The experiment was conducted at the Animal Research Unit “Dr. Felisberto Camargo”, owned by Embrapa
eastern Amazon, in Belém, Pará, Brazil. The study area is influenced by climate typology Af2 (Martorano et al.,
1993). The average rainfall of the less rainy month is superior to 60 mm and the annual precipitation is around
2,900 mm. Twenty four female buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis bubalis) corresponding to Murrah and Mediterranean
breeds that were 56 months old and had initial average body weight (BW) of 503.1 kg, were utilized. The animals
were from an experimental herd owned by Embrapa eastern Amazon. During twenty-one days the buffalos were
adapted to the experimental diets and supplemented during June, 2013 to June, 2014. The animals were placed in an
area of ten hectares divided in 8 paddocks where they grazed on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture in
rotational grazing system, with four occupation days and twenty-eight resting days and grazing cycle of thirty-two
days.
The forage supplies were homogeneous in all the experimental units, being around 8 kg of DM/100 kg of
BW throughout the experimental period. The animals received the supplementation once daily in single trough. The
treatments were the supplementation based on the palm kernel cake with the following inclusion levels related to
BW: 0% (control), 0.25%, 0.50% and 1.00%. Associated with each diet level, 0.15% of the wheat meal was
included in all of the diets as a flavor agent.
The chemical analysis of the nutrients can be viewed on the table 1.
Table 1. Chemical composition of dietary ingredients
Nutrient
PAL
DM %
90,47
Crude Protein (%DM)
11,12
NDF (%DM
69,87
ADF (%DM)
48,23
ASH (%DM)
4,61
EE (%DM)
11,64
Ingredient
WB
88,32
15,49
44,19
14,27
5,88
3,48
BB
37,40
8,19
68,14
40,55
6,76
2,54
Palm kernel cake (PAL); Wheat meal (WB); Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (BB); Dry matter (DM); Neutral detergent
fiber (NDF); Acid detergent fiber (ADF); ASH; Ether extract (EE).
For weight gain evaluation, a weighing at the beginning of the experiment was made and, posteriorly, in
each twenty-eight days, always after twelve hours jejune of solid and liquid. The total weight gain (TWG) was
obtained by the difference between final weight and initial weight . The dairy average gain (DAG) was obtained by
dividing the Total weight gain by the experiment duration days (365 days).
The experiment was analyzed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications
per treatment, considering the animal as an experimental unit. The statistical analysis was conducted using the
GLM procedure of SAS (Statistical Analysis System, version 9.0). The variable dependent data were subjected to
Tukey´s test (α = 0.05).
Results and Discussion
There was no significant difference (P>0.05) of the treatments upon the DAG. The no significant
difference among the treatments can be explained by the adequate conditions of the pasture management, which
represented an average forage supply of 8 kg of DM/100 kg of BW. It was a superior result to the minimum
suggested amounts by Silva et al. (2009) whereby, according to this author, we should guarantee at least 6 kg de
DM/100 kg of BW to guarantee the selectivity and satisfactory single gain.
Therefore, we could infer that the total availability of forage supply tends to increase the weight gain
independently of the palm kernel cake supplementation level.
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de julho de 2015
Table 2. Weight gain of female buffalos in grazing conditions receiving increasing supplementation levels of
palm kernel cake.
Variable
Treatment
a
CT
PT1b
PT2c
PT3d
EPMe
CV (%)f
Initial body weight (Kg)
508.0
494.7
502.0
508.0
Final body weight (Kg)
653.0
656.3
630.0
639.0
Daily average gain (Kg/animal)
0.428
0.477
0.413
0.399
15.9
24.93
CT - Control treatment; bPT1 - Palm kernel cake 0,25%; cPT2 -Palm kernel cake 0,50%; dPT3 - Palm kernel cake 1,00%; eSEM –
Standard error of mean; fCV% - Coefficient of variation.
a
Conclusions
The palm kernel cake utilization in female buffalos reared in rotational grazing system of Brachiaria
brizantha cv. Marandu during the year does not affect the animal gain weight.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank to Embrapa eastern Amazon, through all employees of Animal Research Unit "Dr.
Felisberto Camargo" and Marborges Agro SA for palm kernel cake donation used in the experiment. Also, they
record their thanks to CAPES/EMBRAPA for the scholarship granted to the first author.
References
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