UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA
CENTRO DE ESTUDOS AVANÇADOS EM DEMOCRACIA
DIGITAL E GOVERNO ELETRÔNICO
GRUPO DE PESQUISA EM COMUNICAÇÃO, INTERNET E DEMOCRACIA
O ESTADO DA ARTE DA DEMOCRACIA DIGITAL
UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA DOS PRINCIPAIS ESTUDOS DA E-DEMOCRACIA EM
2013
SALVADOR – BAHIA
Junho – 2013
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA
Centro de Estudos Avançados em
Democracia Digital e Governo Eletrônico
COORDENAÇÃO
Dr. Wilson Gomes
EQUIPE DE PESQUISADORES
Dr. Artur Ituassu
Camilo de Oliveira Aggio (doutorando)
Dilvan Azevedo (mestre)
Graça Penha Nascimento Rossetto (doutoranda)
Lucas Reis (mestre)
Maria Paula Almada (doutorando)
Dra. Paula Karini (doutora)
Rafael Cardoso Sampaio (doutorando)
Rodrigo Carreiro (doutorando)
Samuel Barros (doutorando)
ORGANIZAÇÃO DA BIBLIOGRAFIA
Rafael Cardoso Sampaio
2
INTRODUÇÃO
Essa revisão bibliográfica objetivou agrupar uma literatura considerável no tema de Democracia
Digital e realizar uma seleção dos estudos prioritários (classificados como “top 20”) para a
formação do grupo de pesquisa “Comunicação, Internet e Democracia”. Logo, a ideia era realizar
uma listagem que ajudasse a qualquer integrante que desejasse entrar na discussão. Assim, os
textos deveriam ser representativos das diferentes discussões realizadas na área.
Para tanto, foram realizados quatro procedimentos paralelos: 1) revisão da literatura das teses
defendidas por ex-integrantes do CID e dos artigos publicados do professor Wilson; 2) busca de
termos1 correlacionados no Google Scholar e no portal de Periódico CAPES e 3) avaliação da
literatura já levantada pelo professor Wilson para disciplinas da pós-graduação no passado e 4)
busca na base da Amazon e Google Books por livros de referência no campo. Ao fim, os
integrantes encarregados da função iniciaram a seleção dos artigos com base na proeminência
do: a) autor; b) periódico e c) estudo. Como tal pesquisa gerou um contingente de quase 100
artigos, julgou-se pertinente a criação de uma lista superior ao top 20 inicialmente demandado.
Assim, também foi incluída a categoria “clássicos” para bons textos de referência que tivessem,
no geral, 10 anos ou mais da publicação e a categoria “livros” incluindo todos livros autorais e
coletâneas que julgamos de boa qualidade na área.
Finalmente, a lista foi revisada na presença dos outros integrantes do grupo de pesquisa e do
coordenador do grupo e as sugestões foram incluídas. Novas sugestões ou dúvidas enviar para
[email protected]. Essa listagem estará sempre disponível no site do CEADD no link:
http://www.ceadd.com.br/top-20-democracia-digital/.
1
Foram pesquisados: e-Democracy, Electronic Democracy, Digital Democracy, Virtual Democracy e Online
Democracy. As pesquisas foram realizadas nas bases de pesquisa “Ciências Sociais Aplicadas”, ‘Ciências Humanas”
e “Multidisciplinares” no portal de periódicos da CAPES.
3
TOP 20
Os estudos que não podem faltar. Toda revisão de literatura do campo para estudos e
artigos deve partir desses textos apontados como essenciais ao campo. Como tal, compreende
estudos mais antigos e outros bem recentes, assim como revisões de literatura.
1. COLEMAN, S.; SPILLER, J. Exploring New Media Effects on Representative
Democracy. In: The Journal of Legislative Studies, vol. 09, number 3, 2003.
2. CHADWICK, Andrew. Bringing E-Democracy Back In: Why It Matters for Future
Research on E-Governance. Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 21 No. 4, W inter
2003 443-455, 2003.
3. DAHLBERG, Lincoln. Re-constructing digital democracy: An outline of four ‘positions’.
New Media & Society, V. 13, N. 6, p. 855–872, 2011.
4. DAHLGREN, Peter. The Internet, Public Spheres, and Political Communication:
Dispersion and Deliberation. Political Communication, 22:147–162, 2005.
5. FERBER, Paul; FOLTZ, Franz; PUGLIESE, Rudy. Cyberdemocracy and online politics:
a new model of interactivity. Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society, vol. 27, n. 5, p.
391-400, 2007.
6. GRÖNLUND, ÅKe. Emerging Electronic Infrastructures: Exploring Democratic
Components. Social Science Computer Review, 21, p. 55-72, 2003.
7. KAKABADSE, A.; KAKABADSE, N.K.; KOUZMIN, A. Reinventing the Democratic
Governance Project through Information Technology? A Growing Agenda for Debate.
Public Administration Review, 63(1), p.44-60, 2003.
8. JENSEN, Michael J.; VENKATESH, Alladi. Government Websites and Political
Engagement: Facilitating Citizen Entry Into the policy process. In: Center for research
on information technology and organizations, paper 399. Irvine: University of California,
2007.
4
9. NORRIS, P. Preaching To the Converted? Pluralism, Participation and Party Websites.
Party Politics 9(1), p. 21-45, 2003.
10. POLAT, K.R. The internet and political participation: exploring the explanatory links.
European Journal of Communication, 20 (4): 435-459. 2005
11. SÆBØ, Øystein; ROSE, Jeremy; FLAK, Leif Skiftenes. The shape of eParticipation:
Characterizing an emerging research area. Government Information Quarterly, v. 25, n.3,
p. 400–428, 2008.
12. SALTER Lee. Structure and Forms of Use. A contribution to understanding the ‘effects’
of the Internet on deliberative democracy. Information, Communication & Society, Vol.
7, No. 2, June 2004, pp. 185–206, 2004.
13. VEDEL, Thierry. The Idea of Electronic Democracy: Origins, Visions and Questions.
Parliamentary Affairs Vol. 59 No. 2, p. 226–235, 2006.
14. WRIGHT, Scott. Electrifying Democracy? 10 Years of Policy and Practice.
Parliamentary Affairs Vol. 59 No. 2, p. 236–249, 2006.
15. CHADWICK, Andrew. 2009. Web 2.0: New Challenges for the Study of E-Democracy
in an Era of Informational Exuberance. I/S: a journal of law and policy for the
information society, p. 9-42.
16. DAHLBERG, Lincoln. (2007). Rethinking the fragmentation of the cyberpublic: from
consensus to contestation. New Media Society, 9, pp. 827-847.
17. Wright, Scott. (2012). Politics as usual? Revolution, normalization and a new agenda for
online deliberation. New Media Society, 14(2) 244–261.
18. Medaglia, R. (2012). eParticipation research: Moving characterization forward (2006–
2011). Government Information Quarterly, 29(3), 346–360.
19. ÅSTRÖM, Joachim; GRÖNLUND, Åke. (2012), “Online Consultations in Local
Government: What Works, When, and Why?”, In: COLEMAN, S.; SHANE, P.M.
(Orgs.). Connecting Democracy: Online Consultation and the Flow of Political
Communication. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2012, p. 75-96.
20. SUSHA, Iryna; GRÖNLUND, Åke. (2012). “eParticipation research: Systematizing the
field”. Government information Quarterly, 29(3).
5
CLÁSSICOS
São estudos e artigos que provavelmente apareceriam entre os 20 mais importantes dessa lista,
mas que tem, geralmente, 10 ou mais anos desde sua publicação original. Assim, não devem,
salvo exceções, ser utilizados na revisão de literatura de artigos ou estudos menores, mas apenas
em documentos maiores, como relatórios, dissertações e teses.
AGRE Philip E. Real-Time Politics: The Internet and the Political Process. The Information
Society, 18:311–331, 2002.
BABER, Z. New Media, New Politics? The Internet and the Prospects for Digital Democracy.
Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 23(2):125-128, 2003.
BARNETT, Steven. New Media, Old Problems: New Technology and the Political Process.
European Journal of Communication, 12(2), 1997: 193–218.
BIMBER, Bruce. Information and Political Engagement in America: The Search for Effects of
Information Technology at the Individual Level. In: Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 54, No. 1.
2001.
BUCHSTEIN, Hubertus. Bytes that Bite: The Internet and deliberative Democracy.
Constellations, Londres, v. 4, n. 2, p. 248-263, Outubro1997.
BUCY, E.P.; GREGSON, K.S. Media Participation: a legitimizing mechanism of mass
democracy. In: New Media & Society, Vol (3):357-380, 2000.
COLEMAN, S. Can the New Media Invigorate Democracy?. The Political Quarterly, 70 (1), p.
16-22, 1999.
DELLI CARPINI, M. Gen.com: youth, civic engagement, and the new information environment.
Political Communication 17:341-349. 2000.
DAHLBERG, Lincoln. Democracy via cyberespace: mapping the rhetorics and practices of
three prominent camps. New media & society, (3) 2, p. 157-177, 2001.
6
DAHLBERG, Lincoln. Extending the public sphere through cyberspace: The case of
Minnesota E-Democracy. First Monday. (6) 3, 147-163, 2001.
DEAN, Jodi. Why the Net is not a Public Sphere. Constellations, 10(1), 2003, p. 95-112.
DAHLGREN, Peter. “The Public Sphere and the Net: Structure, Space, and Communication” in
W. Lance Bennett e Robert M. Entman (eds). Mediated Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ.
Press, 2001, pp. 33-55.
FERBER, Paul; FOLTZ, Franz; PUGLIESE, Rudy. The Politics of State Legislature Web Sites:
Making E-Government More Participatory. Bulletin of Science Technology Society, 23, 2003, p.
157-167.
FERBER, Paul; FOLTZ, Franz; PUGLIESE, Rudy. The Internet and Public Participation: State
Legislature Web Sites and the Many Definitions of Interactivity. Bulletin of Science, Technology
& Society, 25, 85-93, 2005.
GIMMLER, A. Deliberative Democracy, the Public Sphere and the Internet. Philosophy
& Social Criticism, 27 (4), p.21–39, 2001.
HOWARD, P. Review Essays: Can Technology Enhance Democracy? The Doubter’s Answer.
The Journal of Politics, 63(3), p.949-955, 2001.
JANSSEN, Davy; KIES, Raphael. Online Forums and Deliberative Democracy. Acta Politica,
40, p. 317–335, 2005.
MACINTOSH, Ann; WHYTE, Angus. Towards an evaluation framework for eParticipation.
Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, Vol. 2 No. 1, 2008, pp. 16-30.
MARCHE, S.; MCNIVEN, J.D. E-government and e-governance: The future isn't what it used to
be. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 20(1), p.74-86, 2003.
MITRA, Ananda. Marginal voices in Cyberspace. new media & society, 3 (1), p. 29–48, 2001.
MUSSO Juliet; WEARE Christopher; HALE Matt. Designing Web Technologies for Local
Governance Reform: Good Management or Good Democracy? Political Communication, 17:1–
19, 2000.
PAPACHARISSI, Zazi.T he virtual sphere: The internet as a public sphere. New Media &
Society, 4(1), 2002, p. 9-27.
7
SANFORD, Clive, ROSE, Jeremy. Characterizing eParticipation. International Journal of
Information Management, N. 27 p. 406–421, 2007.
SCHOLOSBERG, David; DRYZEK, John S. Digital democracy: authentic or virtual?
Organization & Environment, v.15, n.3, p.332-335, 2002.
SCHEUFELE, Dietram A.; NISBET, Matthew C. Being a Citizen Online: New Opportunities
and Dead Ends. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 7, p. 55 – 75, 2002.
STREET, John. Remote Control? Politics, Technology and 'Electric Democracy'. European
Journal of Communication, 12, p. 27-42, 1997.
STROMER-GALLEY, J. On-Line Interaction and Why Candidates Avoid It. Journal of
Communication, 50, 4 p. 111. 2000.
TAMBINI, D. (1999). New media and democracy: The civic networking movement. New Media
and Society, 10, 305-329.
THOMAS, Julian. Liberal Machines. American Behavioral Scientist, 43, 2000, p. 1548 - 1560.
WELLMAN, Barry; et al. Does the Internet Increase, Decrease, or Supplement Social Capital?
Social Networks, Participation, and Community Commitment. American Behavioral Scientist,
45(3), 2001, p.436-455.
LIVROS:
CHADWICK, A.; HOWARD, P. (Orgs.) Routledge Handbook of Internet Politics. 2009.
CHADWICK, Andrew. Internet Politics: States, citizens, and new communication technologies.
Nova York e Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
COLEMAN, S.; BLUMLER, J.G. The Internet and Democratic Citizenship: theory, practice and
policy. Cambridge University Press. 2009.
COLEMAN, S.; Gøtze, J. Bowling together: online public engagement in public deliberation.
Londres: Hansard Society, 2002.
COLEMAN, S.; SHANE, P.M. (Eds.). Connecting Democracy: Online Consultation and the
Flow of Political Communication. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2012.
DAHLBERG, Lincoln; SIAPERA, Eugenia (org.). Radical Democracy and the Internet:
interrogating Theory and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
8
DAHLGREN, Peter. Media and Political Engagement: Citizens, Communication and
Democracy (Communication, Society and Politics). Cambridge University Press; 1 edition
(February 23, 2009).
DAHLGREN, Peter (lrg.). Young Citizens and New Media: Learning for Democratic
Participation. Routledge, 2007.
DAVIS, Richard. Politics Online: Blogs, Chatrooms and Discussion Groups in American
Democracy, Routledge, London and New York, 2005.
HINDMAN, Matthew Scott. The Myth of Digital Democracy. Princeton University Press, 2008.
JENKINS, Hernry; THORBURN, David (Org.). Democracy and New Media. Cambridge: The
MIT Press, 2003.
LATHROP ,Daniel; RUMA, Laurel. Open Government: Collaboration, Transparency, and
Participation in Practice. O'Reilly Media; 1 edition, 2010.
LOADER, Brian (org.). Young Citizens in the Digital Age: Political Engagement, Young People
and New Media. Routledge, 2007.
MARGOLIS, Michael; MORENO, Gerson. The Prospect of Internet Democracy. Ashgate;
Har/Ele edition (2009).
MARGOLIS, Michael and RESNICK, David. (2000), “Politics as usual”, New York: Sage
Publications (2000).
MOSSBERGER, Karen. Digital Citizenship: The Internet, Society, and Participation. The MIT
Press (October 12, 2007).
NORRIS, P. Digital divide: Civic engagement, information poverty, and the Internet worldwide.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
NOVECK, Beth Simone. Wiki Government: How Technology Can Make Government Better,
Democracy Stronger, and Citizens More Powerful. Brookings Institution Press; Reprint edition
(November 2, 2010).
PAPACHARISSI, Zizi. A Private Sphere: Democracy in a Digital Age (Digital Media and
Society). Polity; 1 edition (September 7, 2010).
SHANE, Peter M. (Org.) Democracy Online: the prospects for political Renewal through the
Internet. Nova York: Routledge, 2004, p. 21‐34
SHARK, Alan. Beyond e-Government & e-Democracy: A Global Perspective. BookSurge
Publishing (June 16, 2008).
9
SMITH, Graham. Democratic Innovations: Designing Institutions for Citizen Participation.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009a.
SUNSTEIN, Cass. Republic.com Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.
WILHELM, A. Democracy in the Digital Age: Challenges to Political Life in Cyberspace. New
York: Routledge, 2000.
WOLTON, Dominique. E depois da Internet? – Para uma teoria crítica dos novos médias. Algés,
Portugal: Difel, 2001.
10