A fotografia no ensino de História: algumas considerações sobre o trabalho com essa fonte Marta Gouveia de Oliveira Rovai Colaboradora convidada pelo IQE – Instituto Qualidade no Ensino 1RHQVLQRGH+LVWyULDXPDGDVGLÀFXOGDGHVGRVSURIHVVRUHVWHP VLGRPXLWDVYH]HVWUDEDOKDUFRPRXVRGHLPDJHQVHPHVSHFLDO DIRWRJUDÀDHPVDODGHDXOD1RVOLYURVGLGiWLFRVHPJHUDOHOD DLQGDFRVWXPDDSDUHFHUHPIRUPDGHLOXVWUDomRFRPSRQGR PXLWRPDLVXPHVSDoRGDGLDJUDPDomRGRTXHGHFRQWH~GRH DSUHQGL]DGR 3RUIDOWDGHIRUPDomRWHyULFDRXPHVPRH[HUFtFLRSUiWLFRHVVH PDWHULDOWmRULFRpLJQRUDGRSHORVHGXFDGRUHVTXDQGRSRGHULD GDURXWUDGLPHQVmRDRGHEDWHHPVDODGHDXOD3RU PHLRGDDQiOLVHGHVVDIRQWHHQTXDQWRGRFXPHQWRKLVWyULFR PHVPRDTXHODWUD]LGDSHORVOLYURVMRUQDLVHUHYLVWDVRDOXQR SRGHSDVVDUDYHUFRQVWUXo}HVVRFLDLVQRTXHpDSDUHQWHPHQWH QDWXUDOL]DGRFRPRHYLGHQWHHPHURUHÁH[RGDUHDOLGDGH 3RGHDLQGDDPSOLDUDYLVmRVREUHGHWHUPLQDGRFRQWH[WR XOWUDSDVVDQGRRXFUX]DQGROHLWXUDVTXHRGRFXPHQWRHVFULWRQmR pFDSD]GHIRUQHFHUVR]LQKR 2SULPHLURSURFHGLPHQWRDVHUDSUHQGLGRSHORVSURIHVVRUHVSDUD TXHSRVVDPVHDUULVFDUDDQDOLVDUDIRWRJUDÀDpVDEHUTXHHP QRVVDVRFLHGDGHGRPLQDGDH[DXVWLYDPHQWHSHOR XVRGHLPDJHQVQmRpSRVVtYHOLJQRUiODVRXQmRGLDORJDUFRP HODV&DGDYH]PDLVHODVHVWmRSUHVHQWHVQRFRWLGLDQRHVFRODU HSUHFLVDPVHUGHFRGLÀFDGDV3DUDLVVRpQHFHVViULRTXHVHMDP entendidas não como cópias, mas como produção e produtoras da UHDOLGDGHQXPSURFHVVRTXHPHUHFHVHUOLGRHFRPSUHHQGLGRQR HVSDoRGHHQVLQR8PDYH]H[HUFLWDGDDSUiWLFDGHGHVFRQVWUXomR GHIRWRJUDÀDV²FRPRTXDOTXHURXWURGRFXPHQWRLPDJpWLFR²R ROKDUDWHQWRGHPHQLQRVHPHQLQDVUHFDLUiVREUHWRGDHTXDOTXHU HODERUDomRKLVWyULFDSULQFLSDOPHQWHQRSUHVHQWH $IRWRJUDÀDGHYHVHUHQWHQGLGDFRPRGRFXPHQWRHPRQXPHQWR RXVHMDHQTXDQWRUHYHODGRUDGHLQIRUPDo}HVHWHVWHPXQKRVGH XPDVRFLHGDGHLQVHULGDQXPWHPSRHWDPEpPFRPRPHQVDJHP TXHVHSUHWHQGHSHUSHWXDUFRPRHVFROKDHLQWHQFLRQDOLGDGH 4XDQGRIRLLQYHQWDGDQRVpFXOR;,;WULEXWDYDVHDHODD FDSDFLGDGHGHSURYDQROXJDUGDLPDJLQDomRGDVSLQWXUDV $FUHGLWDYDVHHPVXDFDSDFLGDGHGHUHSURGX]LUÀHOPHQWHRV IDWRV1RHQWDQWRRSURIHVVRUSRGHPRVWUDUDRVDOXQRVTXH XPDIRWRpLQFDSD]GHDSUHVHQWDUDGLPHQVmRVRFLDOHOD pSODQDpSXUDPHQWHYLVXDOVXDVFRUHVQmRUHSURGX]HPD UHDOLGDGHHHODFRQJHODWHPSRHHVSDoRGHL[DQGRHVFDSDUD GLQkPLFDYLYDGRVPRPHQWRV 8PDIRWRJUDÀDLQVHULGDQRWHPSRKLVWyULFRHFUX]DGDFRP RXWUDVLQIRUPDo}HVHPVDODGHDXODSRGHGDUGLFDVGRFDUiWHU LGHROyJLFRSROtWLFRUHOLJLRVRHDQWURSROyJLFRGHGHWHUPLQDGD UHDOLGDGH(ODQmRpDSHQDVGHVFULomRPDVFRPSRUWD GLIHUHQWHVVLJQLÀFDGRVSDUDTXHPUHWUDWRXHSDUDTXHPID] XVRGHOD$FHLWiODFRPRIDWRKLVWyULFRpVHPSUHOHJLWLPDUXPD HVFROKDGHXPLQGLYtGXRRXGHXPJUXSRHSRUWDQWRDVXD YLVmRGHPXQGR 3DUDTXHHVVHWUDEDOKRVHMDIHLWRFRPRVDOXQRVQmRKi UHFHLWDVPDVpSRVVtYHOLQGLFDUDOJXQVFDPLQKRVDRSURIHVVRU 3ULPHLURDQDOLVDUDIRWRJUDÀDDSDUWLUGHVXDFRQGLomRLQWHUQD TXDOVHMDRSUySULRHQIRTXHHHQTXDGUDPHQWRGDFkPHUD DVXDPDWHULDOLGDGHDDXWRULDDVSHVVRDVH[SUHVV}HV FHQiULRVHREMHWRVUHSUHVHQWDGRV6HJXQGRHQWHQGrODFRPR LQVHULGDQXPPXQGRPDLVFRPSOH[RGHUHODo}HVVRFLDLVGH LQWHQFLRQDOLGDGHVHDSURSULDo}HVHODID]SDUWHGHXPDVpULH IRWRJUiÀFDGHXPiOEXPGHXPMRUQDOGHXPDIDPtOLDGH XPSDUWLGRSROtWLFRRXGHXPDSURSDJDQGD"4XHFyGLJRVH YDORUHVGHpSRFDSRGHPVHUSHUFHELGRVQDVH[SUHVV}HVQRV FRPSRUWDPHQWRVHQDVUHODo}HVUHWUDWDGDVDOL"4XHPUHWUDWRX SDUDTXHPHSDUDTXr"6mRFRPSRVLo}HVHPSRVHSDUDPDUFDU SRVLo}HVVRFLDLVRXVmRFDSWXUDVLQVWDQWkQHDV"(PTXHPHLRV HODFLUFXORX" 8PDIRWRJUDÀDSRGHUHYHODUPXLWRVVHQWLGRVXPDPDUFDGH IDPtOLDXPVtPERORLGHQWLWiULRGHXPJUXSRXPDIRUPDGH FRQWUROHXPDGHQ~QFLDVRFLDOXPDUHVLVWrQFLD1XQFDHVWi DXVHQWHGHPHQVDJHQV1HVVHVHQWLGRpSUHFLVRGHVDÀDURV HGXFDQGRVSDUDUHDOL]DUHVVHFDPLQKRQRXVRGHIRQWHVFRPR SRVVLELOLGDGHGHDSUHQGL]DGRHP+LVWyULD eLPSRUWDQWHWDPEpPTXHHOHVVDLEDPTXHQHPVyGH LQWHQFLRQDOLGDGHVpHODERUDGDXPDIRQWHLPDJpWLFDeSRVVtYHO ²HLVVRpXPEHORH[HUFtFLRDVHUUHDOL]DGRHPDXOD²SHUFHEHU RVVLOrQFLRVDVDXVrQFLDVHDVODFXQDVQXPFHQiULRQXPD FRPSRVLomRGHSHVVRDVHREMHWRV 1HPWXGRRTXHRDXWRUGDIRWRJUDÀDGHVHMRXSRGHHVWDUH[SUHVVR DOLDVVLPFRPRQHPWXGRRTXHHVWiDOLIRLLQWHQFLRQDGRSHOR IRWyJUDIRVYH]HVDIRWRJUDÀDGHL[DHVFDSDURGHVYLRRÁDJUDQWH RTXHQmRSRGHULDVHUPRVWUDGRPDVDSDUHFHVXWLOPHQWH
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