Water Footprint of Bioenergy
Rita Monteiro
[email protected]
Brasília, 19 de março de 2013
Brasília,– 29 de março de 2013
WATER FOOTPRINT
different approaches
Rita Monteiro
[email protected]
WATER FOOTPRINT
Fluxo
de água
virtual
GRAY WATER
BLUE WATER
GREEN WATER
+
+
Life Cycle Assessment APPROACH
WATER FOOTPRINT
Because there are different approaches to
the same term, the need arises to
STANDARDIZATION
Rita Monteiro
[email protected]
ISO 14046
Rita Monteiro
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“The way that many parts are
integrated into the whole is more
important than the parties
themselves alone ..." Fritjof Capra
Rita Monteiro
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“life cycle thinking”
( a sistemic vision)
Rita Monteiro
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• Extraction of natural resources and
cradle energy
...
...
...
grave
• Product production
• Packaging and Distribution
• Use
• Final disposal / recycling
• Transport
...
• Processing resources / inputs
Life Cycle of Bioenergy
Analysis of Inventory
atmospheric
emissions
Produt
energy
materials
water
solid waste
effluents
Bioenergy – Agriculture stage
atmospheric
emissions
energy
fertilizers
Product (s)
water
agricultural lime
agrochemicals
solid
waste
effluents
• Runoff
• leaching
Impact Assessment
Water use – LOCAL IMPACTS
atmospheric
emissions
energy
fertilizers
Product (s)
water
agricultural lime
agrochemicals
solid
waste
effluents
• Runoff
• leaching
LOCAL IMPACTS RELATED
TO WATER USE Water Availability
Eutrophication
Fresh Water Aquatic Ecotoxicity
Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity
Human Toxicity
Terrestrial Ecotoxicity
Acidification
Abiotic Depletion
Marine sediment Ecotoxicity
Fresh Water sediment ecotoxicity
Carcinogens
Water Footprint of Bioenergy in Brazil
Preliminary Assessment
The importance of local assessment
Energy from Ethanol
Currently, sugar cane and its
derivatives are the second
main source of primary energy
national energy and ethanol
consumption is already higher
than petrol.
Ethanol usines in Brazil
( source: www.epe.gov.br (2011))
Energy from Biodiesel
Besides ethanol,
biodiesel
also
already
has
a
significant share in
the fuel matrix.
Map of oilseeds for biodiesel in Brazil
source: http://geografiaegeopolitica.blogspot.com/2010/06/o-programa-nacional-debiodiesel.html (2011))
Energy from forests
Forests
are
also
considered
energy
sources of renewable
energy
within
the
context
of
AGROENERGY
Mapa de localização das Florestas energéticas no Brasil
( source: Serviço Florestal Brasileiro /
http://mundogeo.com/blog/2000/01/01/florestas-energeticas-visao-territorial-egeotecnologias/)
Water Resources Management in Brazil
Brazil has 12% of
water availability in the
world, distributed in 12
river basin districts.
However
this
distribution is uneven
across the country,
because
75%
of
available
water
in
Brazil is allocated in
the Amazon region,
where there is a
concentration of only
5% of the population.
Amazon Region
74% of the available water
5% of population
other regions
26% of the available water
95% of population
Map of water availability in Brazil
( source: ANA – Agência Nacional da Águas)
Water Resources Management in Brazil
The evaluation of the
possibility of water
shortages in Brazil
(the ratio between
water withdrawal and
consumptive use for
local
availability)
suggests an overview
of critical regions
Map of water availability in Brazil
( source: ANA – Agência Nacional da Águas)
possibility of water shortages = water withdrawal / consumptive use
Stages of development of an
ISO standard
2009
2010
2011
J F MA MJ J A S O N D J F MA MJ J A S O N D J F MA MJ J A S O
Circulado pelo ISO
TC207/SC5 proposta de
um NWIP
ACEITAÇÃO DO NWIP
Formação do grupo de
trabalho
PRIMEIRA
REUNIÃO
(Estocolmo - Suécia):
Título,
Escopo,
e
estrutura - PWD1
Elaboração do PWD1
comentários PWD1
SEGUNDA
REUNIÃO
(Leon - México): rev.
dos comentários
Elaboração do PWD2
comentários PWD2
TERCEIRA
REUNIÃO
2009
2010
2011
2012
J F MA MJ J A S O N D J F MA MJ J A S O N D J F MA MJ J A S O N D J F MA MJ J A S O N D
TERCEIRA pelo
REUNIÃO
Circulado
ISO
(Lausane - Suíça): rev.
dos comentários
Elaboração do PWD3
comentários PWD3
QUARTA REUNIÃO
(Oslo - Noruega): rev.
dos comentários VOTO (PWD3=WD1)
Elaboração do WD2
comentários WD2
QUINTA REUNIÃO (São
Paulo- Brasil): rev. dos
comentários - VOTO
(WD2=CD1)
Elaboração do CD1
(WD2=CD1)
Elaboração do CD1
comentários CD1
SEXTA
REUNIÃO
(Bangkok - Thailandia):
rev. dos comentários VOTO (CD2)
Elaboração do CD2
comentários CD2
SÉTIMA
REUNIÃO
(Padova - Itália): rev.
dos comentários VOTO (CD2 = DIS)
Elaboração do DIS 1
comentários DIS1
OITAVA
REUNIÃO
(África do Sul): rev. dos
comentários - VOTO
DE EVOLUÇÃO (FDIS?)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
J F MA MJ J A S O N D J F MA MJ J A S O N D J F MA MJ J A S O N D J F MA MJ J A S O N D J F MA MJ J A S O N D
ISO / DIS 14046 - Environmental management WATER FOOTPRINT - Principles, requirements
and guidelines
• Water Footprint: metric to quantify the
potential environmental impacts related to
WATER
WATER FOOTPRINT ASSESSMENT
according to ISO 14046
• It is based on a life cycle assessment (with 4-stages)
–
–
–
–
Goal and scope definition
Inventories analyse
Impact assessment
Interpretation
• It is modular ( the different phases of the life cycle can
be added to represent the water footprint)
• It can identify potential impacts in relation to water
• It includes relevant geographical and temporal
dimensions
• It identifies the amount of use and changes in water
quality
• A WATER FOOTPRINT must necessarily include some kind of
impact assessment (The results of an inventory can be reported,
but should not be reported as a "water footprint".)
• The evaluation can be made as a stand alone assessment or as
part of an LCA, (compreensive approach)
• If the evaluation is done as a Stand-Alone assessment, the result
must have a qualifier in the name (i.e. WAF - Water
AVAILABILITY Footprint)
• Regional aspects must necessarily be considered
THE WORK CONTINUES TO ...
•
Definitions / requirements for inventories
How the use of ISO 14046 can help
organizations?
• assess the magnitude of the (s) potential (s) impact (s) environmental
(s) in relation to water;
• identify opportunities to reduce potential impacts related to water in
various stages of life cycle;
• develop strategic management of water-related risks;
• facilitate water efficiency in products, processes, and organizational
level;
• inform decision makers from government, industry and nongovernmental organizations of potential (s) impacts related to water
associated for each product protuction(eg, for the purpose of
strategic planning, prioritization, product design or resource
investment decisions );
Thank you for your attention!
Rita de Cássia Monteiro Marzullo
[email protected]
[email protected]