52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Desempenho produtivo de vacas leiteiras alimentadas com glicerina bruta na dieta1
Larissa Cardoso Feijó2, Marcella Martins Nunes Machado3, Silvio Márcio Vieira da Silva3, Kênia
Larissa Gomes Carvalho Alves4, Ana Paula Bays4, Rosemary Laís Galati5, Maria Fernanda Soares
Queiroz Cerom5
1
Parte da dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor, financiado pelo CNPq, FINEP e FAPEMAT.
Pós-graduanda em Ciência Animal - UFMT, Cuiabá - Mato Grosso, Brasil. Bolsista Capes. E-mail: [email protected]
3
Graduandos em Zootecnia pela UFMT, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil Bolsistas VIC.
4
Graduandos em Zootecnia pela UFMT, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil.
5
Docentes do Departamento de Zootecnia e Extensão Rural, FAMEV/UFMT, Cuiabá.
2
Resumo: Nove vacas mestiças Holandês x Zebu, no terço médio da lactação, foram utilizadas para avaliar o
efeito da inclusão crescente de glicerina bruta na dieta sobre a produção e composição do leite. Os animais
foram distribuídos em três quadrados latinos 3 x 3, e submetidos a três tratamentos que se basearam nas
inclusões crescentes de glicerina bruta (89% de glicerol): 0; 80 e 160 g/kg, na base seca. As dietas foram
compostas por 60% de silagem de milho e 40% de concentrado. O registro da produção de leite foi feito
durante três dias consecutivos, através de dispositivo acoplado à ordenhadeira, e as amostras para a obtenção
da composição do leite retiradas e compostas por animal para determinação dos teores de proteína, gordura,
lactose, extrato seco desengordurado, sólidos totais e N uréico. Verificou-se aumento linear (P<0,05) para
proteína do leite, e quadrático para lactose. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) da inclusão da glicerina sobre a
produção de leite, produção de leite corrigida para 3,5% de gordura, porcentagens de gordura, sólidos totais,
extrato seco desengordurado e nitrogênio uréico. A glicerina bruta pode ser utilizada em até 160g/kg de MS
para vacas mestiças Holandês x Zebu, no terço médio da lactação, pois não afeta negativamente a produção e
qualidade do leite.
Palavras–chave: glicerol, lactose, proteína, qualidade, sólidos totais
Productive performance of dairy cows fed with crude glycerin in the diet
Abstract: Nine crossbred Holstein x Zebu cows in the middle third of lactation, were used to evaluate the
effect of crude glycerin inclusion on dry matter and nutrient intake. Animals were distributed into three 3 x 3
latin square, composed by three treatments which were based on increasing inclusion of crude glycerin (89%
glycerol): 0; 80 and 160g/kg, on a dry basis. Diets were composed by 60% corn silage and 40% concentrate.
Milk production was measured during three consecutive days through a device coupled in the milking
machine, and samples withdrawals to composite milk per animal for milk composition (protein, fat, lactose,
nonfat dry extract, total solids and N urea). There was a linear increase (P<0.05) for milk protein, and
quadratic effect to lactose (P<0.05). There was no effect (P>0.05) of glycerin inclusion on milk production,
milk production corrected to 3.5% fat, fat percentage, total solids, nonfat dry extract and urea nitrogen. It
was concluded that crude glycerin can be used by up to 160g/kg DM in diets for Holstein x Zebu cows, in
the middle third of lactation, because not adversely affect production and milk quality.
Keywords: glycerol, lactose, protein, quality, total solids
Introduction
The use of glycerin in dairy cattle fed is presented as an alternative due to gluconeogenic capacity,
which can increase energy intake and mitigate the negative energy balance, because glycerol, the major
glicerin constituent, can be converted into glucose in the liver of ruminants, providing energy for cell
metabolism (Goff and Horst, 2001). In cases where the productive potential of the animals is limited by the
available amount of energy, greater glucose intake may result in a higher milk production.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the inclusion of crude glycerin on milk production and
composition of dairy cows in the middle third of lactation.
Material and Methods
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
The study was carried out in the Experimental Farm of the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso,
located in Santo Antonio de Leverger - Mato Grosso. Nine Holstein x Zebu cows, in the middle-third of
lactation were distributed in three 3 x 3 latin square, and subjected to three treatments: 0, 80 and 160 g of
glycerin/kg, on DM basis. Trial consisted of three periods of 20 days each, with the first eleven days for
adaptation to treatments, and the remaining nine days for data collection.
One hour before the first milking of the day, cows were fed in covered and individual pens of 4.5
m2/cow, with misting and ventilation, and unrestricted water. After the first milking, cows were conducted
again to pens, where they remained for over three hours to continue feeding. After this period, cows were
conducted to a paddock with trees and water, and remained until the next milking in the afternoon. After the
second milking and intake, cows were again conducted to paddock where they remained for about two hours
to rest and ruminate. As the last management of the day, cows were fed for more two hours in the stall, and
after, conducted again to paddock to stay overnight.
The animals were fed twice daily at 7 and 15 hours, with glycerin (89% glycerol) wich was added to
the concentrate daily, immediately after milking, allowing to 5% of remains. Crude glycerin from soybean
biodiesel was used and diets were composed by 60% corn silage and 40% concentrate, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Percentual composition (%DM) of diets with crude glycerin inclusion (0, 80 e 160 g/kg DM)
Ingredient
0
80
160
Corn silage
60,00
60,00
60,00
Ground corn
24,10
12,20
0,50
Soybean hulls
0,00
2,30
4,40
Crude glycerin
0,00
8,00
16,00
Soybean meal
11,80
13,40
15,00
Urea
1,60
1,60
1,60
Premix1
2,50
2,50
2,50
1
Composition: Calcium 252,5g, Fósforo 76g, Enxofre 20g, Magnésio 175g, Cobalto 60mg, Cobre 850mg, Iodo 65mg, Manganês
2000mg, Selênio 20mg, Zinco 6000mg, Iron 1000mg, Flúor 760 mg, Vitamin A 220000 UI/kg, Vitamin E 500 UI/kg, Lasalocida
3000mg.
To evaluate the milk production and composition, cows were milked twice a day. Milk production
was measured through a device attached to the milking machine, and samples withdrawals to composite milk
per animal for milk composition (protein, fat, lactose, nonfat dry extract, total solids and N urea), for three
consecutive days of each experimental period. Milk composition was analyzed by infrared absorption in a
Bentley 2000 equipament. Corrected milk to 3.5% fat (PLC) was estimated by the following equation: PLC
= (0.432 + 0.1625 x% fat milk) x milk production in kg / day.
Data were analyzed by ANOVA using the GLM model of SAS. The effects of treatment (crude
glycerin inclusions) were evaluated by means of polynomial orthogonal contrasts (linear and quadratic)
using the SAS procedure CONTRAST, considering as significant P values less than 5%, and trends P values
between 5 and 10%. Means were compared by Tukey test at 5%.
Results and Discussion
There was no effect (P>0.05) of glycerin on milk production and milk production corrected for 3.5%
fat, nor the percentages of fat, total solids, nonfat dry extract, and urea nitrogen (Table 2).
There was quadratic effect for lactose milk (P<0.05). According to Kass et al. (2013), changes in milk
composition depends of the administration way, the amount of glycerol and the end products in the rumen.
Because glycerol is largely fermented to propionate, or directly absorbed into the bloodstream (Remond et
al., 1993), glucose obtained by this route is used to synthesize lactose in the mammary gland (Accorsi et al.,
2005).
There was a linear effect on milk protein content with increasing glycerin. The results are in
agreement with Wilbert et al. (2013), which include the 4, 8 or 12% crude glycerin in the diet of cows in the
mid lactation found effect of milk protein production. This increase in the percentage of protein in milk may
be related to reduced proteolytic activity in the rumen. Paggi et al. (1999) found 20% reduction in the
proteolytic activity of ruminal microorganisms when animals supplemented with glycerol. This decrease
appears as possible benefit of increasing dietary protein escaping ruminal degradation, which, in turn,
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
increases the availability of amino acids in the mammary gland for protein synthesis, which can be converted
to milk protein.
Table 2- Production, production corrected to 3,5% fat, and composition of milk from cows fed with crude
glycerin
Diet (kg/day)
Variable
0
80
160
SEM
Equation
Milk, kg/day
Corrected milk kg/day
Fat (%)
Protein (%)
Lactose (%)
Total solid (%)
Nonfat dry extract (%)
N Urea (%)
13,47
13,48
3,68
3,42
4,19
12,29
8,62
20,27
14,64
14,65
3,64
3,43
4,29
12,38
8,74
22,36
14,00
14,01
3,41
3,52
4,18
12,10
8,69
22,26
0,37
0,37
0,12
0,02
0,03
0,14
0,04
0,77
Y = 13,50
Y = 13,51
Y = 3,84
Y = 3,36074 + 0,04833X
Y = 3,89000 +0,40222X -0,10222X2
Y = 12,45
Y = 8,62
Y = 19,64
Conclusions
It is recommended inclusions up to 160g/kg of crude glycerin in diets of cows in the in the middlethird of lactation.
References
Accorsi, P. A., M. Gamberoni, G. Isani, N. Govoni, R. Viggiani, et al. Leptin does not seem to influence
glucose uptake by bovine mammary explants. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, v.56, p.689698, 2005.
Goff, J. P., and R. L. Horst. 2001. Oral glycerol as an aid in the treatment of ketosis/fatty liver complex.
Journal of Dairy Science, v.84 (Suppl. 1):153. (Abstract).
Kass, M., Ariko, T., Samaruetel, J., Ling, K., Jaakson, H., Kaart, T., Arney, D., Kaert, O. & Ots, M. Longterm oral drenching of crude glycerol to primiparous dairy cows in early lactation. Animal Feed Science
and Technology, v.184, n.1-4, p.58-66, 2013.
Paggi, R.A., J.P. Fay and H.M. Fernandez. Effect of short-chain acids and glycerol on the proteolytic activity
of rumen fluid. Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.78, p.341-347, 1999.
Rémond, B., Souday, E., Jouany, J.P. In vitro and in vivo fermentation of glycerol by rumen microbes.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.41, p.121–132, 1993.
Wilbert, C.A.; Prates, E.R.; Barcellos, J.O.J.; Schafhäuser, J. Crude glycerin as an alternative energy
feedstuff for dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology, Amsterdam, v. 183 p.116-123, 2013.
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