Labor Gymnastics for the Psychic Health in an Elementary School
Prof. Dr. Iouri KALININE, Contestado University
Prof. Dr. Dari Francisco GÖLLER, Ijui University
Address: IOURI KALININE
Prof. Dr. Iouri Kalinine
Marechal Deodoro Street, 352, Apt. 901
ZIP: 89700-000 – Concórdia – SC
E-mail: [email protected]
Phone: 049 444-8931
ABSTRACT
LABOR GYMNASTICS FOR THE PSYCHIC HEALTH IN AN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
The objective of this research was to investigate the real effect of the Labor Gymnastics in
the mental recuperation of students in a Brazilian school. The research was realized at the
Elementary School Guilherme Clemente Köehler – Polivalente from Ijuí, RS, Brazil. It was
composed of 107 students from 5, 6, 7, and 8 grades. For the investigation of the mental work
productivity of the students was used the methodology of the “Simples Proof Test” that has been
used for a long time in Russia. The results of the research showed that the Labor Gymnastics,
realized by the students, after one hour of studies in mathematics, Portuguese and sciences provides
an increase of the mental work productivity in the students of the 5 grade, average of the 26,0%,
p<0,001; in the 6 grade in average 15,9%, p<0,001; in the 7 grade in average 14,7%; and in the 8
year students 11,5%, p<0,001. Based in these observations we can conclude that the Labor
Gymnastics increases the productivity of the mental work in students of 5, 6, 7, 8 grades. Probably,
it should be tried in the teaching and learning process in some Elementary Schools in Brazil.
UNITERMS: Labor Gymnastics, psychic health, school, the mental work productivity.
Introduction
Nowadays the process of teaching and learning in an elementary and high school, is
becoming more and more intense. The advances in a society scientific and technological are
developing quickly, it means that the young citizens need to have more knowledge. So, the students
spend the most part of the time in their studies and less time in physical activities, having damage
with the health. According to UTIVILHISKI, 1972; NICOGOCIAN & GASLER, 1977;
ANDROPOVA, 1968, 1982; KALININE, 1990; KALININE & GOLLER, 1995 studies, they have
noticed that the end of the school year, the mental students performance have reduced, due to
syllabus activities by previous classes. Besides, the students results presented by IAGODIN, 1988,
have appeared the mainly because of the excessive demand by school syllabus activities. The end of
the year in a high school, 50% of the students are with complaints in the cardiovascular system and
20% - 30% have presented psychic disturbance.
In front of this facts, it becomes obvious the necessity to look for ways to offer
improvements of the mental work from the students in their classes during the school day. A way to
solve this problem can be the Labor Gymnastic at school, that was approved in companies and
industries (CHACHBASIAN & TRACHTENBERG, 1961; BELINOVITCH, 1964; FEIGUIN &
LOVITCHKIA, 1971; NIFONTOVA, 1981; KOLLING, 1982; PEREIRA, 1987; PEGADO, 1990;
PULCINELLI, 1994; CASAGRANDE, 1997; GALANTE et al, 1998; LIMA, 1998; SALVE &
BANKOFF, 1998; KONRATH, 1999; PRADO, 1999; LEWINSKI & PESSATTO, 1999;
OLIVEIRA, 1999 and others.). The Labor Gymnastic in companies serves, mainly, increasing the
company production through the physical and psychic state improvement of the employees and
consist in intermissions with physical activities from 10 to 12 minutes, making from 8 to 12
physical activities. The physical activity intermission can be realized at 11h00 and 15h00, at this
time the employees are tired.
The Labor Gymnastic at school helps, mainly, to regain the mental work capacity of the
students and consist of:
a)Entered Gymnastic – 6 to 8 physical exercises made from 4 to 5 minutes, in the beginning
of the first day school class.
b)Pause of the Physical Culture – from 3 to 5 exercises realized from 2 to 3 minutes, after 30
minutes of the studies in each school day.
c)Intermission of the physical activity – 8 to 12 physical exercises realized from 10 to 12
minutes at the intermission after four day classes school.
The researches realized at schools in Russia showed that the Labor Gymnastic at school
practiced by the students increase the speed in doing their cognitive operations (IVANOV, 1961),
increase the information assimilated
and
eliminate the negative influences of the excessive
emotional nervous tension. (NIFONTOVA, 1981). The capacities to arithmetic activities and
logical increase in a high degree (PUTIVILHISKI, 1972). The researches by FOMIN (1964),
KALININE (1990), also showed that the corrected application of the Labor Gymnastic at school
cannot only regain, but increase the capacity of the students mental work.
At the same time the researches by FOMIN, 1964; GUR & VDOVITCHENCO, 1971;
LEONOV, 1975; GANDUR, 1983; KALININE, 1990, alerted that the Labor Gymnastic at school
can have positive effects only when the time of its application, the contents and the intensity in
doing the physical activities, the region where the school is located and the physical development of
the students at school will be considered.
Based at the text written up, its visible that the Labor Gymnastic at school can relieve the
mental tiredness of the students and benefit their mental health.
In spite of the great importance of the subject to the school reality, in a Brazilian literature
we haven’t found any work about the Labor Gymnastic utilization at school in Brazil. Many
researches about the utilization of the Labor Gymnastic realized in Brazil by KOLLING, 1982;
PEREIRA, 1987; PEGADO, 1990; PULCINELLI, 1994; CASAGRANDE, 1997; GALANTE et al,
1998; LIMA, 1998; SALVE & BANKOFF, 1998; KONRATH, 1999; PRADO, 1999; LEWINSKI
& PESSATTO, 1999; OLIVEIRA, 1999 explain only about the Labor Gymnastic in companies.
So, the purpose of this research was investigating the influence of the Pause of the Physical
Culture (a way of the Labor Gymnastic at School) in the mental work capacity of the students from
5ª, 6ª, 7ª e 8ª grade at the elementary school in Brazil during the school day .
Method and Material
The research was realized in a state public elementary school Guilherme Clemente Köehler –
Polivalente in Ijuí city, RS, Brazil. The students that participated the research were of the 53 class
(5ª grade), 62 class (6ª grade), 71 class (7ª grade) and 82 class (8ª grade), adding 107 students.
The Pause of the Physical Culture ( 5 physical exercises to higher members and trunk, done
in a dynamic regime during 2-3 minutes) was applied during a school week at 53, 62, 71 e 82
classes, after an hour of the studies at math, Portuguese and science classes. This is the time that
according to FOMIN (1964), GANDUR (1983), KALININE(1990), KALININE et. all. (1996) the
students began getting tiredness.
The productive of the mental work of the students was detected immediately before doing
the Labor Gymnastic and before 5 minutes in its realization. For the detection of the production in
students mental work was used the “Simple Proof Test” Method.
The “Simple Proof Test”, is a test done of a table with the alphabet letters put in line and
mixed (attached). The time spent to the “Simples Proof Test” is two minutes. When the test is
doing, the student needs to look for and mark two letters requested by the teacher (example: A and
B), running the lines from the left to the right. When finished the time, the student can mark with a
circle the last letter observed. Will be observed the number of the letters run (N) and the number of
mistakes done (E).
Q = (N/10)²/ [(N/10) + E] – it means the productivity of the mental work.
The “Simples Proof Test” Method was approved in a Academy of Science and Educational
of the URSS ( Program and Methods of the investigation in the Daily Regime, of the Work
Capacity and of the State of Health from the students, 1978), and was approved in many researches
realized by FOMIN (1964), ANDROPOVA (1968, 1982), FISCHER (1976), BELOUS (1977),
GANDUR (1983), KALININE (1990) and others.
The “Simples Proof Test” Method was created only to investigate the dynamic of production
change of mental work at the same person, it means that can’t be used to compare the productivity
of mental work in different people. This method show only the tiredness mental development of the
person.
The statistic treatment of the data acquired was realized through the “Signs Method”
utilization of the statistic that isn’t parametric (SIEGEL, 1975).
Results and Discussion
At the TABLE 1 – are presented the results of the investigation at the influence od
realization the Pause Physical Culture (5 physical exercises to higher members and trunk done in a
dynamic regime during 2-3 minutes) in class at the mental work productivity
of researched
students.
TAB. 1
The results of the research are presented at the table 1 show that the Labor Gymnastic in a
Pause Physical Culture way cause increase , with p < 0,001, the mental work productivity in these
students. The mental work productivity of the students after done the Pause Physical Culture
increased in average , a class from 6,1 to 38,7%.
The analyses of the results presented in the same table also show that the same kind of Pause
Physical Culture done in different times cause, in the same students, different effects. For example,
the increase of the mental work productivity in students of the 53 classroom on Wednesday
(8h40min) was 11, 6%, p<0,01 and the increase on Thursday (11h10min) was de 38,7%, p< 0,001.
The great difference in mental work productivity increase after the realization of the Pause
Physical Culture in students of the 53 classroom (11,6%, 8h40min.,Wednesday; 28,8%, 8h40min.,
Thursday; 38,7%, 11h10min., Thursday; and 25%, 8h30min, Friday) show the effects of the Labor
Gymnastic realization depend of many conditions in its application. What prove the results of the
researches from FOMIN (1964); GUR & VDOVITCHENCO (1971); LEONOV (1975), GANDUR
(1983); KALININE (1990).
At the GRAPHIC 1 are presented the results of the change investigation of the effects at the
Pause Physical Culture realization in mental work productivity of the researched students in
dependency of the grades they are studying.
GRAF. 1
The research results presented at the TABLE 1, and at the GRAPHIC 1show the kind “Pause
Physical Culture”, with the same content of the exercises prove in students of different grades the
different mental work productivity
The increase of the mental work productivity after the Pause Physical Culture realization in
students of the minor grades is better than the students of the higher students. The mental work
productivity after done the Pause Physical Culture increase average:
26,0% (p<0,001) – in the fifth grade students
15,9% (p< 0,001) – in the sixth grade students
14, 7% (p<0,001) – in the seventh grade students
11,4% (p<0,001) – in the eighth grade students
In researches by FOMIN (1964); GUR & VDOVITCHENCO (1971); LEONOV (1975),
GANDUR (1983); KALININE (1990), it was established that the effects of the Pause Physical
Culture realization at 5ª e 6ª grades in the Elementary Schools of the central region in Russia,
average a classroom, don’t overcome 15%. But the data in our research show the increase of the
mental work productivity in students of the 5ª e 6ª grades at the researched school is higher, 38,7%,
53 class, Thursday, 11h10min. (Look at TABLE 1), than the Russia school. It means that the
Elementary School from Ijuí, RS – Brazil will have more benefits with the Labor Gymnastic
realization than the Russia school.
CONCLUSION
Based by the results of the research realized, we can do the follow conclusions:
-The Labor Gymnastic, in the Pause Physical Culture way , can increase the mental work
productivity of the students of 5ª, 6ª, 7ª and 8ª grades at the Elementary state public Guilherme
Clemente Köehler School – Polivalente from Ijuí city, RS, until 38,7%;
-The increase of mental work productivity after the Pause Physical Culture realization by
minors students grades, average, it’s bigger than in higher students grades, (26,0%, 15,9%, 14, 7%,
11,4%, from fifth to eighth grades).
SUGESTION
Based in results acquired in this research, we recommend the experimental implantation of
the Labor Gymnastic in the Pause Physical Culture way, in same Elementary School from Brazil.
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Ciências Pedagógicas, 1978, 48p.
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ATTACHED
Simples Proof Test Protocol
UNIJUI – Human Movement Laboratory
Completed Name ______________________
date was born______
School ______________________________
Class____________
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zuzgvbhatemstagomdnaxupcrvvbxuerxbtpodfgmhzhcertbvaugb
hnzdbuotrexpoacgpmazsurvxmnhfcebavsfdgtmxvruszampgcao
btzgxohgutumsmcbzcohdnadexpzftbohvzgmnprtsudbosrcgmvx
dfbnavprsfreapxedandhoczbcmsxadgbtmtgoshfnasbavxurcedrv
bahdapgzmoveuotmdsfpcatxxeucnorehrangbvmzgfpbtsndemfzx
ohbdtazxdnascxzfmednstbpfgzcoernbmgptnefxsnxadhbrhavvz
nzuxgvbhbtemstagomdnaxupcrvahvopsbtmngxrfcdhndzrsvtneb
bmcgfazaopexubentvsrzdnhdcffxvadxnfuhzcbezcotarbdrpmhuz
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adgbtmtgoshfnasbavxurcedrvbahdapgzmoveuotmdsfpcatxxeuc
norehrangbvmzgfpbtsndemfzxohbdtazxdnascxzfmednstbpfgzc
oernbmgptnefxsnxadhbrhavvznzuxgvbhbtemstadnzuzgvbhdtaz
xdnascxzfmednstbpfgzcoernbmgptmpxhclespbqrtovrcpuxandm
ogatdavhctpexhbnfcmdxrozstbuzodnzuzgvbhatemstagomdnaxu
pcrvvbxuerxbtpodfgmhzhcertbvaugbhnzdbuotrexpoacgpmazsu
rvxmnhfcebavsfdgtmxvruszampgcaobtzgxohgutumsmcbzcohdn
adexpzftbohvzgmnprtsudbosrcgmvxdfbnavprsfreapxedandhocz
bcmsxadgbtmtgoshfnasbavxurcedrvbahdapgzmoveuotmdsfpcat
xxeucnorehrangbvmzgfpbtsndemfzxohbdtazxdnascxzfmednstb
pfgzcoernbmgptnefxsnxadhbrhavvznzuxgvbhbtemstagomdnaxu
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dcffxvadxnfuhzcbezcotarbdrpmhuzftbohvzgmnprtsudbosrcgm
vxdfbnavprsfreapxedandhoczbcmsxadgbtmtgoshfnasbavxurced
rvbahdapgzmoveuotmdsfpcatxxeucnorehrangbvmzgfpbtsndemf
zxohbdtazxdnascxzfmednstbpfgzcoernbmgptnefxsnxadhbrhav
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TABLE 1 – Results of the investigation of Labor Gymnastic in the Pause Physical Culture
way, at the mental work productivity of the 5ª, 6ª, 7ª e 8ª students grades at Clemente Köehler
Elementary School – Polivalente Ijuí city, RS, Brazil.
Class
53
Amount of
students per
class
21
Days of
application
Time of
Application
Labor Gymnastic
Wednesday
08h 40min
Thursday
08h 40min
Thursday
11h 10min
Mental work Productivity in unit.
Conditional, average per student
Qa
34,5
30,9
24,8
Qd
38,5
39,8
34,4
δ (%)
11,6**
28,8**
38,7**
Friday
08h 30min
30,8
38,5
25**
AVERAGE of 5 grade
30,2
37,8
26,0***
62
35
Tuesday
09h 40min
33,2
38,6
16,3**
Wednesday
09h 20min
29,5
34,6
17,3**
Wednesday
11h 10min
37,5
39,8
6,1*
Thursday
11h 10min
33,1
41,3
24,8**
AVERAGE of 6 grade
33,3
38,6
15,9***
71
30
Thursday
09h 20min
37,8
44,4
17,5**
Friday
08h 40min
37,2
41,6
11,8**
AVERAGE of 7 grade
37,5
43,0
14,7**
82
21
Monday
08h 40min
42,5
48,4
13,9**
Tuesday
11h 10min
40,1
43,3
8
Wednesday
09h 20min
37,7
40,2
6,6
Friday
11h 00min
41,2
48
16,5*
AVERAGE of 8 grade
40,4
45,0
11,4**
GENERAL AVERAGE
34,8
40,2
22,0%***
Obs.: *p< 0,05; ** p< 0,01; *** p< 0,001.
Qa – is the mental work productivity of the students just before the Pause Physical Culture
application of physical activity (average per student).
Qd – is the mental work productivity of the students, 5 minutes after the Pause Physical
Culture application od physical activity (average per student).
δ - is the increase in mental work productivity percentage of the students, after the Physical
activity Pause application.
GRAPHIC 1 Mental work Productivity of the students in conditional units before (Qa) and after
(Qd) of the Labor Gymnastic in the Pause Physical Culture way, like the mental
work productivity increase of “Qd” in relation the “Qa”.
38,6
37,8
40,0
35,0
45,0
43,0
45,0
40,4
37,0
33,3
30,2
30,0
Qa
25,0
20,0
17,60
Qd
15,90
Aumento
14,70
15,0
11,40
10,0
5,0
0,0
QUINTA
SEXTA
SÉTIMA
OITAVA