Mestrado em Urbanismo e Ordenamento do Território/ Master in Urban Studies and
Territorial Management
Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente / Master in Environmental Engineering
Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica / Strategic Environmental Assessment
5º ano – 1º semestre 2010-2011
EIA and SEA differences and
relationship
5ª aula
Prof. Doutora Maria do Rosário Partidário
CONTINUITY ACROSS DECISION-­‐MAKING !
POLICIES!
PLANS!
PROGRAMMES!
PROJECTS!
IMPACT ASSESSMENT!
SEA – generic!
Policy IA!
Project EIA
SEA zoning plans!
Sectoral EA
Regional EA / Programmatic EA
!
New idea!
EIA!
Same basic methodology!
EIA-based SEA!
SEA!
“Strategic” SEA!
New methodology!
Strategic Environmental
Assessment (SEA)
It is rooted on EIA!
!
But it works with processes and strategies
EIA - you know what you want to assess
SEA – we have an idea of what we want
(visions and intentions), but we do not know
exactly what we will do
How do you relate SEA and EIA?!
EIA - good design
SEA - good strategy
Sustainability vision
Difference between EIA and SEA
Sustainability objectives
actions
actions
SEA = Strategy, concept
Form: process, trends, continuity
EIA = Solution
Form: discrete, designed
2-3 years
actions
time
A
B
C D
time
Policy related considerations:
Transports
planning and
SEA - levels of
decisionmaking
organisational, regulatory, fiscal and
infrastructure policies, for example vehicle
taxes according to CO 2 emissions, parking
policies, road pricing, speed limits, new
infrastructure, better public transport,
transport management systems, public
campaigns
Policy
Network-Plan related considerations:
multi -modal development options for the
transport network for meeting objectives,
targets and needs identified through policy
consideration s, including new transport
infrastructure and transport management
measures
Corridor-Plan related considerations:
potential impacts of preferred options
within corridors between two main nodes,
according to needs identifies through
policy and network considerations
Network
Corridor
Programme related considerations:
3.
1.
identifying priority projects using multi criteria -analysis or cost -benefit analysis
Programme
2.
Project
Key questions for EIA and SEA!
!
SEA = GOOD STRATEGY
EIA = GOOD DESIGN!
What are your objectives?!
What are the main characteristics of
the projects?!
What are key drivers? !
Where is it located?!
What are your strategic options?!
What are project alternatives?!
What are key restrictions?!
What are its main physical, social,
economic effects?!
What are major interests?!
What are the most important
policies to be met?!
What are its major impacts?!
What are the mitigation measures?!
Key differences between SEA and EIA
•  SEAs broadly follows basic principles of EIA (eg
transparency, participation, etc.)
•  SEA have much larger boundaries than EIA in terms of
time, space and subject coverage
•  SEA is driven by the analysis, comparison and
assessment of major strategic options
•  SEAs is mainly focused on the causes of impact rather
than on the effects
•  SEAs can recommend (i) changes within the proposed
plans or programmes, (ii) improvements in coordination
between relevant agencies, (iii) new cross-sectoral
interventions, iv) suggestions for EIAs of future projects
and improve their quality
Key differences between EIA and SEA include
SEA
EIA
Nature of action
Strategy, visions, concepts
Construction / operation actions
Level of decision
Policy, planning, programming
Plan, Programme, Project
Critical decision moments along the
decision processes
Products of decision processes
(final outcomes)
Relation to
decision
Facilitator
Evaluator, often only to meet
administrative requirement
Alternatives
Spatial balance of location,
technologies, fiscal measures,
economic, social or physical
strategies
Specific alternative locations,
design, construction, operation
Scale of impacts
Macroscopic,
mainly global, national, regional
Microscopic,
mainly local
Long to medium term
Medium to short-term
Focus
Time scale
(cont.)
SEA
EIA
State of the Environment
Reports, Local Agenda 21,
statistical data, policy and
planning instruments
Field work, sample
analysis, statistical data
Mainly descriptive but mixed
with quantifiable
Mainly quantifiable
Rigor of
analysis
Less rigor/more uncertainty
More rigor/less uncertainty
Outputs
Broad brush
Detailed
Public
perception
Vague / distant
More reactive (NIMBY)
Postevaluation
Other strategic actions or
project planning
Objective evidence /
construction and operation
Key data
sources
Data
Very important
SEA does not / should not replace EIA
but EIA will benefit by having a better context for
improved performance if SEA is in place
• Qual a melhor maneira de perceber
a AAE?
• Avaliação Ambiental + • Estratégica
• Ou será melhor
• AAE = BOA
ESTRATÉGIA
• AIA = BOM
DESENHO
Algumas diferenças fundamentais
entre AAE e AIA
Em AAE
Em AIA
A perspectiva é estratégica e de longo prazo
A perspectiva é de execução e de curto e
médio prazo
O processo é cíclico e contínuo
O processo é discreto, motivado por
propostas concretas de intervenção
Não se procura saber o futuro, o objectivo é
ajudar a construir um futuro desejável
O projecto de intervenção tem que ser
conhecido com o nível de pormenor
adequado
A definição do que se pretende fazer é vaga, a
incerteza é enorme e os dados são sempre
muito insuficientes
A definição do que se pretende fazer é
relativamente precisa e os dados são
razoavelmente disponíveis ou podem ser
recolhidos em campo
O seguimento da AAE faz-se através da
preparação e desenvolvimento de políticas,
planos, programas e projectos
A estratégia pode nunca vir a ser concretizada
uma vez que as acções previstas em planos e
programas podem nunca ser executadas
O seguimento da AIA faz-se através da
construção e exploração do projecto
Os projectos sujeitos a AIA são executados,
uma vez assegurada a sua viabilidade
ambiental.