3ROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVGHDOLPHQWDomRQR
%UDVLOXPDUHYLVmRIXQGDPHQWDGDQRV
FRQFHLWRVGHEHPHVWDUVRFLDOHGH
VHJXUDQoDDOLPHQWDUHQXWULFLRQDO
)RRGSXEOLFSROLFLHVLQ%UD]LODUHYLHZ
EDVHGRQFRQFHSWVRIZHOIDUHVWDWHDQG
IRRGDQGQXWULWLRQVHFXULW\
)52=, '6 *$/($==, 0$0 3ROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV GH DOLPHQWDomR QR %UDVLO XPD
UHYLVmR IXQGDPHQWDGD QRV FRQFHLWRV GH EHPHVWDU VRFLDO H GH VHJXUDQoD DOLPHQWDU H
QXWULFLRQDO&DGHUQRVGH'HEDWHV&DPSLQDV63Y;,SGH]
5(6802
2REMHWLYRGHVWHDUWLJRIRLDSUHVHQWDUDVDQiOLVHVHQFRQWUDGDVQDOLWHUDWXUDVREUHRWHPDJHUDOGH
SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV GDQGRVH rQIDVH jV SROtWLFDV GH DOLPHQWDomR ,QLFLRXVH FRP D UHYLVmR
ELEOLRJUiILFDYLVDQGRVLWXDUDDERUGDJHPQXPDUFDERXoRPDLVDPSORGHGLVFXVV}HVVREUHHVWDGR
GHEHPHVWDUVRFLDOSDUDHPVHJXLGDDQDOLVDUDVSROtWLFDVGHDOLPHQWDomRHPXPEUHYHUHODWR
KLVWyULFR$SyVDLQWURGXomRGR3ODQR5HDOKRXYHLPHGLDWDPHOKRUDTXDQWLWDWLYDGRFRQVXPR
GH DOLPHQWRV HP GHFRUUrQFLD GR DXPHQWR GH UHQGD GD SRSXODomR &RQWXGR R QtYHO GH
GHVLJXDOGDGHSHUPDQHFHXVLJQLILFDWLYRHMiHPSHUFHEHXVHRILPGRVJDQKRVGHFRUUHQWHVGD
HVWDELOL]DomR PRQHWiULD 3RGHVH FRQFOXLU TXH D HVWDELOL]DomR HFRQ{PLFD QmR UHVXOWRX HP
PHOKRUD GR TXDGUR QXWULFLRQDO GD SRSXODomR H QHP WmR SRXFR HP XP PRPHQWR SDUD D
FRQVWUXomRGHXPDSROtWLFDGREHPHVWDUEDVHDGDQDVHJXUDQoDDOLPHQWDUHQXWULFLRQDO
3DODYUDVFKDYH (VWDGR GH EHPHVWDU VRFLDO SROtWLFDV GH DOLPHQWDomR
3ODQR5HDOVHJXUDQoDDOLPHQWDUHQXWULFLRQDO
$%675$&7
7KHJRDORIWKLVDUWLFOHLVWRSUHVHQWWKHGLIIHUHQWDQDO\VHVIRXQGLQWKHOLWHUDWXUHRQWKHJHQHUDO
LVVXHRISXEOLFSROLFLHVZLWKSDUWLFXODUHPSKDVLVRQIRRGSROLFLHV7KHELEOLRJUDSKLFUHYLHZILUVW
DWWHPSWHGWRVLWXDWHWKLVDSSURDFKLQWKHZLGHUVFRSHRIGLVFXVVLRQRIWKHVWDWHRIZHOIDUHIROORZHG
E\ WKH DQDO\VLV RI VXFK IRRG SROLFLHV LQ WKH IRUP RI D EULHI KLVWRULFDO DFFRXQW $IWHU WKH
LQWURGXFWLRQ RI ´3ODQR 5HDOµ WKHUH ZDV DQ LPPHGLDWH TXDQWLWDWLYH LPSURYHPHQW LQ IRRG
FRQVXPSWLRQ FDXVHG E\ WKH LQFUHDVH LQ WKH SRSXODWLRQ·V LQFRPH +RZHYHU VLJQLILFDQW OHYHOV RI
HFRQRPLFDO GLVSDULW\ SHUVLVWHG DQG E\ WKH HQG RI JDLQV FRPLQJ IURP WKH PRQHWDU\
VWDELOL]DWLRQ EHFDPH HYLGHQW 7KH FRQFOXVLRQ PD\ EH GUDZQ WKDW WKH HFRQRPLF VWDELOL]DWLRQ
UHVXOWHG QHLWKHU LQ DQ LPSURYHPHQW RI WKH SRSXODWLRQ·V QXWULWLRQDO VWDWXV QRU LQ VHL]LQJ WKH
RSSRUWXQLW\IRUVWDUWLQJDVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJSROLF\EDVHGRQIRRGDQGQXWULWLRQVHFXULW\
.H\ZRUGV ZHOIDUH VWDWH IRRG SROLFLHV 3ODQR 5HDO IRRG DQG QXWULWLRQ
VHFXULW\
'$1,(/$6$1&+(6
)52=,
3URIHVVRUD$GMXQWDGR
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH1XWULomRGR
&HQWUR8QLYHUVLWiULR)LODGpOILD
8QL)LO1XWULFLRQLVWD8)5-
(VSHFLDOLVWDHP,QWHUYHQo}HV
1XWULFLRQDLVHP6D~GH
&ROHWLYD8)5-H0HVWUHHP
$OLPHQWRVH1XWULomR
8QLFDPS0HPEURGR
&RPLWr*HVWRUGR3URJUDPD
)RPH=HUR/RQGULQD35
(QGHUHoRHOHWU{QLFR
IUR]L#XROFRPEU
0$5,$$1721,$0
*$/($==,
3URIHVVRUDDSRVHQWDGDGR
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH$OLPHQWRVH
1XWULomR'(3$1GD
)DFXOGDGHGH(QJHQKDULDGH
$OLPHQWRV)($GD
8QLYHUVLGDGH(VWDGXDOGH
&DPSLQDV81,&$03
&DL[DSRVWDO&DPSLQDV
63&(3
(QGHUHoRHOHWU{QLFR
PJDOHD]]L#]LSPDLOFRPEU
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
59
,1752'8d®2
2 WH[WR IRL RUJDQL]DGR HP TXDWUR SDUWHV D SULPHLUD GDV TXDLV EDVHDGD HP WUDEDOKRV TXH
DERUGDPRWHPDGREHPHVWDUVRFLDO1DVHJXQGDSDUWHGHXVHPDLRUrQIDVHjVSROtWLFDVGHDOLPHQWDomR
WHPD FHQWUDO GR SUHVHQWH DUWLJR FRP XPD EUHYH LQWURGXomR GH VHX KLVWyULFR 1D WHUFHLUD SDUWH
DSUHVHQWRXVHDUHFHQWHFRQILJXUDomRGDVSROtWLFDVGHDOLPHQWDomRDGRWDGDVQR%UDVLOGXUDQWHRSHUtRGR
FRPSUHHQGLGR HQWUH D DGRomR GR 3ODQR 5HDO H R SURFHVVR HOHLWRUDO GH 3RU ~OWLPR IRUDP
SRQWXDGRV QDV FRQVLGHUDo}HV ILQDLV DOJXPDV SRVVLELOLGDGHV H OLPLWHV GDV SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV GH
DOLPHQWDomRHQXWULomRQR%UDVLO
%(0(67$5 62&,$/ &21&(,726 ( 2 &$62 %5$6,/(,52 '(
6(*85$1d$$/,0(17$5(1875,&,21$/
'HDFRUGRFRP$UUHWFKHRZHOIDUHVWDWHIRLXPIHQ{PHQRGRVpFXOR;;WHQGRFRPREDVH
DSURYLVmRGHVHUYLoRVVRFLDLVSHORVTXDLVHUDSRVVtYHOFREULUDVPDLVYDULDGDVIRUPDVGHULVFRGDYLGD
LQGLYLGXDOHFROHWLYD7UDWDYDVHGHXPGLUHLWRDVHUDVVHJXUDGRSHOR(VWDGRDFDPDGDVH[SUHVVLYDVGD
SRSXODomR GRV SDtVHV FDSLWDOLVWDV GHVHQYROYLGRV GD pSRFD 3DtVHV FRPR D $OHPDQKD GHUDP RULJHP D
SURJUDPDV GH VHJXUR VRFLDO Mi QR ILQDO GR VpFXOR ;,; RIHUHFHQGR SROtWLFDV GH SURWHomR D LGRVRV
PXOKHUHVHLQFDSDFLWDGRV2XWURVSDtVHVDGRWDUDPWDLVSURJUDPDVQRLQtFLRGRVpFXOR;;2ZHOIDUHVWDWH
VH H[SDQGLX H FRQVROLGRXVH LQVWLWXFLRQDOPHQWH QR SHUtRGR SyVJXHUUD TXDQGR JDQKRX PDLRUHV
GLPHQV}HV QRV SDtVHV FDSLWDOLVWDV GHVHQYROYLGRV HP GHFRUUrQFLD GH XP FRQMXQWR GH SURJUDPDV GH
SURWHomRVRFLDOTXHDVVHJXUDYDPRGLUHLWRjDSRVHQWDGRULDKDELWDomRHGXFDomRVD~GHHWF
/DYLQDVHWDODSRQWDPWUrVPRGHORVRFLGHQWDLVSDUDRZHOIDUHVWDWHDSDUWLUGDYLVmRGH9DQ
3DULMV 8PSULPHLURVHEDVHLDHPXPVLVWHPDGHVHJXURVVRFLDLVGHFDUiWHUREULJDWyULRTXHIXQFLRQDDH[SRVWHPIDYRU
GRVTXHFRQWULEXtUDPQDTXDOLGDGHGHWUDEDOKDGRUHVDRORQJRGDVXDYLGDDWLYDSDUDXPIXQGRHSRGHPVHEHQHILFLDUGHOH
HP FDVR GH VLQLVWUR 1HVVH PRGHORQmRSUHYDOHFHPPHFDQLVPRVGHVROLGDULHGDGHPDVDLGpLDGH PpULWR
SHVVRDO VHQGR WDPEpP FODVVLILFDGR FRPR PHULWRFUiWLFRSDUWLFXODULVWD HP 7LWPXVV H FRQVHUYDGRU
FRUSRUDWLYR SRU (VSLQJ$QGHUVHQ 3RVWHULRUPHQWH GXDV VXERSo}HV IRUDP IRUPXODGDV $6&2/,
PHULWRFUiWLFRSDUWLFXODULVWDFOLHQWHOtVWLFRHPHULWRFUiWLFRSDUWLFXODULVWDFRUSRUDWLYR
3DUDPDLRUHVLQIRUPDo}HVVREUHVXDVSURSRVWDVFRQVXOWDU9DQ3DULMVH2VLWHKWWSZZZELHQEHWDPEpPDSUHVHQWDDV
SURSRVWDVGHVVHDXWRU
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
60
8PVHJXQGRPRGHORH[S}HDTXHVWmRGDVWUDQVIHUrQFLDVH[DQWHHQHVWHFDVRRLQWHUHVVHFROHWLYRSUHGRPLQD
VREUH R LQGLYLGXDOHHVWHQGHVHDWRGRVDLGpLDGHVHJXUDQoDQmRSRUFRQWULEXLomRPDVSRUGLUHLWRGHFLGDGDQLD (VWD
IRUPDIRLSULPHLUDPHQWHFRQKHFLGDSHODVFODVVLILFDo}HVFRPRLQVWLWXFLRQDOUHGLVWULEXWLYRHVRFLDOGHPRFUDWD
$QRYLGDGHGDFODVVLILFDomRGH9DQ3DULMVHQFRQWUDVHQXPWHUFHLURPRGHORGHWUDQVIHUrQFLDGH
UHQGDVHPVHUHFRUUHUjRSomROLEHUDOGH(VSLQJ$QGHUVHQRXjUHVLGXDOGH7LWPXVVHPTXH
R(VWDGRVRPHQWHLQWHUYpPHPVLWXDo}HVH[WUHPDV2DXWRUDSXG683/,&<DSUHVHQWDSURSRVWD
LQVSLUDGD QR SHQVDPHQWR GH 7KRPDV 3DLQH VHJXQGR R TXDO GHYHULD RFRUUHU WUDQVIHUrQFLD GH UHQGDV
LQFRQGLFLRQDOPHQWHDFDGDLQGLYtGXRLQGHSHQGHQWHGDVXDFRQGLomRVRFLDORXGRIDWRGHVHURXQmRVHUFRQWULEXLQWHGHXP
VLVWHPDGHSURWHomRVRFLDO
1HVVH PRGHOR p D LGpLD GH HTLGDGH TXH VXVWHQWD D DUJXPHQWDomR R TXH DSDUHFH FRPR D
FDSDFLGDGH GH DWULEXLU D FDGD XP LJXDO SRGHU GH FRPSUD SDUD TXH VHMD XWLOL]DGR QXP PHUFDGR FRPSHWLWLYR
/$9,1$6HWDO1HVVDGLUHomRpTXHVHHVWDEHOHFHPDTXHOHVTXHGHIHQGHPDH[LVWrQFLDGHXPD
UHQGD PtQLPD RX GH XP LPSRVWR GH UHQGD QHJDWLYR GLIHUHQFLDQGRVH GR SDUDGLJPD LQVWLWXFLRQDO
UHGLVWULEXWLYR DR DILUPDUVH R UHSDVVH GH UHFXUVRV ILQDQFHLURV DR LQYpV GH EHQV H VHUYLoRV 683/,&<
2 TXDGUR GH EHPHVWDU VRFLDO YHPVH LPSULPLQGR QDV GLVFXVV}HV WHyULFDV HP GLIHUHQWHV
PRPHQWRV HP QRVVD SROtWLFD GH VD~GH H QXWULomR 2 TXDGUR GH GLVWULEXLomR GH UHQGD QR %UDVLO p
GHVLJXDO1HVVHFRQWH[WRDGRWDVHXPPRGHORGHEHPHVWDUVRFLDOTXHVHDSUR[LPDPDLVGRPHULWRFUiWLFR
SDUWLFXODULVWD '5$,%( QXPD UHDOLGDGH HP TXH DV Do}HV JRYHUQDPHQWDLV WrPVH HVWDEHOHFLGR
JHUDOPHQWHDSDUWLUGHSUiWLFDVFRPSHQVDWyULDVGLVWDQFLDQGRVHGDDPSODDGRomRGHXPPRGHORGHQWUR
GRSDUDGLJPDLQVWLWXFLRQDOUHGLVWULEXWLYR2PRGHORLQVSLUDGRHP7KRPDV3DLQHpDOJRDLQGDPDLVGLVWDQWH
2 EHPHVWDU VRFLDO DSDUHFH QDV FRQFOXV}HV JHUDLV GR HVWXGR GH -RVXp GH &DVWUR HP VHX OLYUR
*HRJUDILDGD)RPHTXHDQDOLVDDVLWXDomRDOLPHQWDUHPGLIHUHQWHViUHDVGR%UDVLOGDpSRFD&DVWUR
UHIHULDVHjUHDOLGDGHGHTXLQ]HDQRVDQWHULRUHVDTXDQGRMiVHGHSDUDYDFRPDVGLIHUHQoDVVRFLDLVH
RVGRLVWLSRVGHIRPHDRUJkQLFDHDSROtWLFD$GLVFXVVmRVREUHRWHPDEHPHVWDUVRFLDOpH[WHQVDHSRU
FHUWRDSRSXODomREUDVLOHLUDDLQGDQmRGHVIUXWDGHVVDGHVHMiYHOVLWXDomRYDOHOHPEUDUTXHHODpPDUFDGDSRU
1DV SDODYUDV GH &DVWUR ´2 %UDVLO VXEGHVHQYROYLGR HP IDVH GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR DXW{QRPR H GH DFHOHUDGR SURFHVVR GH
LQGXVWULDOL]DomR QmR FRQVHJXLX DLQGD VH OLEHUWDU GD IRPH H GD VXEQXWULomR TXH GXUDQWH VpFXORV PDUFDUDP GXUDPHQWH D HYROXomR VRFLDO
HQWUDYDQGRRVHXSURJUHVVRHREHPHVWDUVRFLDOGRVHXSRYRµ
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
61
SURIXQGD GHVLJXDOGDGH VRFLDO TXH QmR UHFXRX VLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWH QHP PHVPR QRV DQRV GH
HVWDELOL]DomRHFRQ{PLFD
eSRVVtYHOHQFRQWUDUQDSHUFHSomRGH9DOHQWHXPFDPLQKRSDUDVHSHQVDUREHPHVWDU
VRFLDO D SDUWLU GD IRUPXODomR GH SROtWLFDV GH DOLPHQWDomR TXH FRQVLGHUHP R FRQFHLWR GH VHJXUDQoD
DOLPHQWDUHQXWULFLRQDO
$ 6HJXUDQoD $OLPHQWDU H 1XWULFLRQDO WUDWD H[DWDPHQWH GH FRPR D
VRFLHGDGHRUJDQL]DGDSRUPHLRGHSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVGHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHGR
(VWDGR H GD VRFLHGDGH FRPR XP WRGR SRGH H GHYH JDUDQWLU R GLUHLWR D
DOLPHQWDomR D WRGRV RV FLGDGmRV $VVLP D DOLPHQWDomR p XP GLUHLWR GR
FLGDGmRHD6HJXUDQoD$OLPHQWDUH1XWULFLRQDOSDUDWRGRVpXPGHYHUGR
(VWDGRHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHGDVRFLHGDGH9$/(17(S
2FRQFHLWRGHVHJXUDQoDDOLPHQWDUSURFXUDUHSHQVDUDVGHVLJXDOGDGHVQRSDtV8PGRVREMHWLYRV
GD VHJXUDQoD DOLPHQWDU VHULD JDUDQWLU R DFHVVR DRV DOLPHQWRV VHP FRPSURPHWHU SDUFHOD VXEVWDQFLDO GD
UHQGD IDPLOLDU QmR REVWDQWH D GLVSRQLELOLGDGH GH DOLPHQWRV GH TXDOLGDGH RULJLQDGRV GH IRUPDV
SURGXWLYDVQmRH[FOXGHQWHVHVXVWHQWiYHLV$SURGXomRGHDOLPHQWRVHRFRQVXPRFRPRLQGLFDGRUHVGH
VHJXUDQoD DOLPHQWDU SDVVDP D FRQILJXUDU SURPRomR j VD~GH GD IDPtOLD DPSOLDQGRVH R FRQFHLWR QR
SURFHVVRGHVD~GHQXWULomRFRPRDILUPD*DOHD]]LS
$JDUDQWLDGDDOLPHQWDomRSDUDDIDPtOLDGHSHQGHGRDFHVVRDRVDOLPHQWRV
ILQDQFHLUR ItVLFR H VRFLDO HQWHQGLGR FRPR FRQGLomR GLVWLQWD GD
GLVSRQLELOLGDGHGRDOLPHQWRV&RQWXGRD6HJXUDQoD1XWULFLRQDOQmRHVWi
JDUDQWLGDSHORDFHVVRDRVDOLPHQWRV2VSUREOHPDVGH6D~GHUHODWLYRVDPi
QXWULomR TXDQGR VH DQDOLVD DV LQDGHTXDo}HV SRU IDOWD RX SHOR H[FHVVR GH
QXWULHQWHVVmRLQGLFDGRUHVGHVHJXUDQoD
1HVVHSURFHVVRRFRQFHLWRGHVHJXUDQoDDOLPHQWDUHQXWULFLRQDOUHVXOWRXDSyVDUHDOL]DomR GD
SULPHLUD &RQIHUrQFLD GH 6HJXUDQoD $OLPHQWDU &16$ HP XPD GHFODUDomR S~EOLFD H XP GRFXPHQWR
SURJUDPiWLFRFRPDVFRQGLo}HVHRVUHTXLVLWRVSDUDXPDSROtWLFDQDFLRQDOGHVHJXUDQoDDOLPHQWDU8P
JUXSRGHWUDEDOKRUHWLURXGDVUHVROXo}HVGD,&16$WUrVHL[RVHGH]SULRULGDGHVSDUDDIRUPXODomRGDV
SROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVGHVHJXUDQoDDOLPHQWDU
2VQ~PHURVGR,%*(31$'GmRFRQWDGDH[WHQVmRGRSUREOHPDHPRVPDLVULFRVFRQFHQWUDYDPGDUHQGDWRWDOGR
SDtV(P(PRVPDLVSREUHVFRQFHQWUDYDPGDUHQGDHHPHVWHYDORUGLPLQXLSDUD3$(6(
%$5526HWDO
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
62
$03/,$5$6&21',d¯(6'($&(662­$/,0(17$d®2(
5('8=,56(83(621225d$0(172)$0,/,$5
3ULRULGDGH
2ULHQWDU R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR SDUD D JHUDomR GH HPSUHJRV H
GLVWULEXLomRGHUHQGD
3ULRULGDGH
$XPHQWDUDGLVSRQLELOLGDGHGHDOLPHQWRV
3ULRULGDGH
5HGX]LURFXVWRGRVDOLPHQWRVHVHXSHVRQRRUoDPHQWRIDPLOLDU
6(*81'2(,;2 $66(*85$5 6$Ó'( 1875,d®2 ( $/,0(17$d®2 $
*583263238/$&,21$,6'(7(50,1$'26
3ULRULGDGH
&RPEDWHUDGHVQXWULomRHUHGX]LUDPRUWDOLGDGHPDWHUQRLQIDQWLO
3ULRULGDGH
3URWHJHUDVD~GHHRHVWDGRQXWULFLRQDOGRJUXSRPDWHUQRLQIDQWLO
3ULRULGDGH
)RUWDOHFHUR3URJUDPDGH$OLPHQWDomRGR7UDEDOKDGRU3$7
3ULRULGDGH
$PSOLDUR3URJUDPDGH$OLPHQWDomR(VFRODU
3ULRULGDGH
3URWHJHURXWURVJUXSRVHVSHFtILFRV
7(5&(,52(,;2 $66(*85$5 $ 48$/,'$'( %,2/Ð*,&$ 6$1,7É5,$
1875,&,21$/ ( 7(&12/Ð*,&$ '26 $/,0(1726 ( 6(8
$3529(,7$0(172
(67,08/$1'2
35É7,&$6
$/,0(17$5(6((67,/2'(9,'$6$8'É9(,6
3ULRULGDGH
*DUDQWLUDTXDOLGDGHKLJLrQLFRVDQLWiULDQXWULFLRQDOHWHFQROyJLFDGRV
DOLPHQWRV
3ULRULGDGH
(VWLPXODUSUiWLFDVDOLPHQWDUHVHHVWLORVGHYLGDVDXGiYHLV
)RQWH%5$6,/
35,0(,52(,;2
&RP EDVH QHVVHV HL[RV H SULRULGDGHV R FRQFHLWR GH VHJXUDQoD DOLPHQWDU IRL UHIRUPXODGR H
DPSOLDGR FRPRWHUPR´QXWULFLRQDOµ(VVDVRULHQWDo}HVIL]HUDPSDUWHGRGRFXPHQWREUDVLOHLUR SDUDD
&~SXOD0XQGLDOGH$OLPHQWDomRUHDOL]DGDHPSHOD)$22UJDQL]DomRGDV1Do}HV8QLGDVSDUDD
$JULFXOWXUD H SDUD $OLPHQWDomR 7DO FRQFHLWR IRL DGRWDGR LQWHUQDFLRQDOPHQWH DSyV D FRQWULEXLomR
EUDVLOHLUD
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
63
8PDDQiOLVHTXHDVVRFLHDFRPSUHHQVmRGREHPHVWDUVRFLDODRGLUHLWRjDOLPHQWDomRVHJXUDGR
SRQWRGHYLVWDDOLPHQWDUHQXWULFLRQDODX[LOLDQDGHILQLomRGHRXWURVGLUHLWRVHVVHQFLDLVFRPRRGRDFHVVR
jVD~GHHjHGXFDomRHQWUHRXWURVEHQVHVHUYLoRVLPSRUWDQWHVQmRVySDUDRHVWDEHOHFLPHQWRGHXPD
SROtWLFDGHVHJXUDQoDDOLPHQWDUHQXWULFLRQDOFRPRWDPEpPSDUDDGHILQLomRGHRXWURVPHFDQLVPRVGH
SURWHomRVRFLDOTXHYHQKDPJDUDQWLUXPDTXDOLGDGHGHYLGDSOHQDHFRQWtQXD
$ VHJXLU REVHUYDUVHi FRPR IRUDP GHVHQYROYLGDV DV GLIHUHQWHV SROtWLFDV UHODFLRQDGDV j
DOLPHQWDomR
32/Ì7,&$6
+,67Ð5,&2
'(
$/,0(17$d®2
'(
'(6(192/9,0(172
68$
80
%5(9(
5(/$72
,03/(0(17$d®2
(
(QWUHRVDQRVGHHDGpFDGDGHFRQVWUXLXVHHFRQVROLGRXVHLQVWLWXFLRQDOPHQWHQR
%UDVLO R ´(VWDGR VRFLDOµ 6XD LPSOHPHQWDomR PDQLIHVWRXVH QD HPHUJrQFLD GH VLVWHPDV QDFLRQDLV
S~EOLFRVRXUHJXODGRVSHOR(VWDGRQRTXHWDQJHjHGXFDomRVD~GHLQWHJUDomRHVXEVWLWXLomRGHUHQGD
DVVLVWrQFLDVRFLDOHKDELWDomRTXHMXQWDPHQWHFRPDVSROtWLFDVGHVDOiULRVHHPSUHJRUHJXODUDPGLUHWD
RXLQGLUHWDPHQWHRYROXPHDVWD[DVHFRPSRUWDPHQWRVGRHPSUHJRHGRVDOiULRQDHFRQRPLDDIHWDQGR
SRUWDQWRRQtYHOGHYLGDGDSRSXODomRWUDEDOKDGRUD
2LQtFLRGD3ROtWLFD1DFLRQDOGH$OLPHQWDomRH1XWULomRQR%UDVLOGDWDGH1RHQWDQWRR
PDUFRLQWURGXWyULRGDDomRVRFLDOGR(VWDGRVXUJLXDSDUWLUGHTXDQGRD1XWULomRSDVVRXDVHU
LQVWLWXtGDFRPRREMHWRGHHVWXGRVVLVWHPiWLFRVHVRPHQWHDSyVXPDGpFDGDWHYHPDUFDGDSUHVHQoDQD
LPSOHPHQWDomR SROtWLFD 6HJXQGR /·$EEDWH QHVVH SHUtRGR IL]HUDPVH RV SULPHLURV LQTXpULWRV
VREUHDOLPHQWDomRRVTXDLVIRUQHFHUDPLQGLFDGRUHVGDIRUWHFRUUHODomRHQWUHUHQGDVDOiULRVHDFHVVRj
DOLPHQWDomR
2 (VWDGR SDVVRX D VH SUHRFXSDU RILFLDOPHQWH FRP R VDOiULR PtQLPR HVWDEHOHFHQGRR QD
&RQVWLWXLomRGHHLQVWLWXLQGRROHJDOPHQWHSHOR'HFUHWR/HLGHDEULOGH&RQWXGRQHVVD
1XPDWHQWDWLYDGHVLVWHPDWL]DU$85(/,$12'5$,%(RVPRYLPHQWRVUHODFLRQDGRVjVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVQR%UDVLOpSRVVtYHO
LGHQWLILFDUDVHJXLQWHSHULRGL]DomR,QWURGXomRHH[SDQVmRIUDJPHQWDGD&RQVROLGDomRLQVWLWXFLRQDO
&ULVHHDMXVWDPHQWRGRVLVWHPD5HHVWUXWXUDomRGRVLVWHPD
3DUD 6RDUHV R ~OWLPR H DWXDO PRPHQWR GHYHP VHU GHILQLGRV FRPR SHUtRGR GH ´DMXVWDPHQWR FRQVHUYDGRUµ TXDQGR WHUtDPRV D
LQWURGXomRGHXPDSROtWLFDVRFLDOGHSHUILOQHROLEHUDO
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
64
pSRFD FHUFD GH GHVWH HUD XWLOL]DGR SDUD VXSULU R JDVWR FRP D DOLPHQWDomR ² ´UDomR HVVHQFLDOµ
',((6(
9LVDQGR PHOKRUDU DV FRQGLo}HV GH VD~GH GR WUDEDOKDGRU DVVDODULDGR LQVWLWXLXVH R 6HUYLoR GH
1XWULomR H 3UHYLGrQFLD 6RFLDO 6$36 FXMD DWXDomR HUD FHQWUDGD QR ELQ{PLR DOLPHQWDomRHGXFDomR
FDUDFWHUL]DQGRVHHQWUHRXWUDVDWLYLGDGHVSHODLPSODQWDomRGHUHVWDXUDQWHVSRSXODUHVSRVWRVGHYHQGD
GH DOLPHQWRV VXEVLGLDGRV H FDPSDQKDV GH HGXFDomR DOLPHQWDU GLULJLGD DRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV /
$%%$7(
$ &RPLVVmR 1DFLRQDO GH $OLPHQWDomR &1$ LQVWLWXtGD HP HVWDEHOHFHX SULQFtSLRV
IXQGDPHQWDLV SDUD LPSOHPHQWDomR GH SROtWLFD S~EOLFD GHDOLPHQWDomR VHQGR D TXHVWmR GD GHVQXWULomR
HOHLWDR´SUREOHPDQ~PHURµGHVD~GHS~EOLFDQR%UDVLO
$ &RPLVVmR 1DFLRQDO GH $OLPHQWDomR IRL R yUJmR LQFXPELGR GH DVVLVWLU R JRYHUQR QD
IRUPXODomR GD 3ROtWLFD 1DFLRQDO GH $OLPHQWDomR 6HJXQGR RV QXWUyORJRV GHVVD FRPLVVmR DV SULQFLSDLV
FDXVDVGDVXEQXWULomRVmRRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRHFRQ{PLFRLQVXILFLHQWHQRSDtVHVXDSUySULDHYROXomR/·$%%$7(
TXHIL]HUDPFRPTXHRFtUFXORYLFLRVRIRUMDGRSHORELQ{PLRVXEQXWULomRHVXESURGXomRIRVVHXPGRVPDLVVpULRVIDWRUHV
D HVWUDQJXODU DV DVSLUDo}HV H LQLFLDWLYDV GH SURJUHVVR H HOHYDomR GR SRYR (VWD DQiOLVH SDVVDYD SHOD SHUFHSomR
VRFLRHFRQ{PLFD GD VLWXDomR DOLPHQWDU PDV D XUJrQFLD H[LJLGD SHOD JUDYLGDGH GR TXDGUR PRWLYRX D
DGRomRGHXPSODQRTXHHQIDWL]DYDDVUHODo}HVHQWUHVXEQXWULomRHVD~GH9$6&21&(/26
(VWHSODQRGHDOFDQFHQDFLRQDOLQWHJUDULDGXDVHWDSDVXPDSULPHLUDGHQRPLQDGDIDVHSUHOLPLQDU
YLVDQGRDiUHDVHJUXSRVGDSRSXODomRHPIDYRUGDVTXDLVVHULDP HPSUHJDGRVHDSXUDGRVRVPDLVPRGHUQRV
PpWRGRVGHPHOKRUDPHQWRGDVFRQGLo}HVGHQXWULomRGDVFROHWLYLGDGHV(DRXWUDVHULDDIDVHGHDomRJHUDOHQYROYHQGR
DFRQVROLGDomRGHTXDWURJUDQGHVSURMHWRV3ODQRGH$VVLVWrQFLDH(GXFDomR$OLPHQWDUj,QIkQFLDH$GROHVFrQFLD
3ODQRV5HJLRQDLVGH3ROtWLFD$OLPHQWDUµ3ODQRVGH7HFQRORJLD$OLPHQWDU3ODQRVGH(VWXGRV/·$%%$7(
$ GHVSHLWR GDV LQWHQo}HV PRWLYDGRUDV GHVVHV SODQRV R ~QLFR SURJUDPD FRQFUHWL]DGR IRL R
3URJUDPD 1DFLRQDO GH 0HUHQGD (VFRODU TXHFRQWRX FRP D SDUWLFLSDomR HIHWLYD GR 81,&() )XQGR
GDV1Do}HV8QLGDVSDUDD,QIkQFLD²MiTXHXPDGDVJUDQGHVGLILFXOGDGHVHQFRQWUDGDVSHOD&1$IRLD
QmRGLVSRQLELOLGDGHGHUHFXUVRVHFRQ{PLFRVHKXPDQRV²WHQGRUHFHELGRDSRLRWDPEpPGHLQVWLWXLo}HV
FRPRD)$2HD2062UJDQL]DomR0XQGLDOGD6D~GH/·$%%$7(3(/,$12
(PD&1$IRLH[WLQWDMXQWDPHQWHFRPDFULDomRGR,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGH$OLPHQWDomRH
1XWULomR ,1$1$SDUWLUGHVVDLQLFLDWLYDRJRYHUQREUDVLOHLURGHVHQYROYHXXPHVTXHPDDVVLVWHQFLDO
GHQVR QR TXDO RV SURJUDPDV GH DOLPHQWDomR 3URJUDPD 1DFLRQDO GH 'HVHQYROYLPHQWR 3URJUDPD GH
1XWULomR H 6D~GH 3URJUDPD 1DFLRQDO GH $OLPHQWDomR H 1XWULomR3521$1 , H ,, 3URMHWR GH
$EDVWHFLPHQWRHPiUHDVGH%DL[D5HQGD352$%3URJUDPDGH&RPHUFLDOL]DomRH$EDVWHFLPHQWRHP
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
65
ÉUHDV 5XUDLV352&$% 3URJUDPD GH $OLPHQWDomR DR 7UDEDOKDGRU3$7 VH GHVWDFDUDP DR HIHWLYDU D
GLVWULEXLomR GH JrQHURV DOLPHQWtFLRV jV SDUFHODV GD SRSXODomR FRQVLGHUDGDV PDLV YXOQHUiYHLV
ELRORJLFDPHQWH PDWHUQRLQIDQWLO HVFRODUHV JHVWDQWHV QXWUL]HV 3RUpP QD WHQWDWLYD GH VXSULU
SUHFDULDPHQWHRVPtQLPRVVRFLDLVH[LVWLXJUDQGHQ~PHURGHSURJUDPDVYROWDGRVSDUDFULDQoDVPHQRUHV
GHVHWHDQRVRTXHDFDUUHWRXVXSHUSRVLomRGHDWHQGLPHQWRDOLPHQWDU3(/,$12)(/,&,(//2
*$5&,$
&RQFRPLWDQWH DR DXPHQWR VXEVWDQFLDO QRV JDVWRV FRP RV SURJUDPDV GH VXSOHPHQWDomR
DOLPHQWDU D PHOKRULD GD VLWXDomR QXWULFLRQDO IRL WDPEpP H[SOLFDGD SHOR DXPHQWR GRV LQYHVWLPHQWRV
S~EOLFRVQDiUHDGHVDQHDPHQWREiVLFRDOpPGDPHQRUIHFXQGLGDGHHQWUHRXWURVIDWRUHV
e LQHJiYHO D H[LVWrQFLD GD IRUWH FRUUHODomR HQWUH R HVWDGR QXWULFLRQDO H DV FRQGLo}HV
VRFLRHFRQ{PLFDV(VWDIRLDSRQWDGDQDVFRQVLGHUDo}HVILQDLVGD3HVTXLVD1DFLRQDOGH6D~GHH1XWULomR
RFRUULGDQRILQDOGDGpFDGDGHTXDQGRSRGHVHDYDOLDUHPHQVXUDURSUREOHPDQXWULFLRQDOGLDQWH
GDV3ROtWLFDV3~EOLFDVGH$OLPHQWDomRLPSOHPHQWDGDVQHVVHSHUtRGR$SHVDUGHGHVQHFHVViULRDVVRFLDUSRUVXD
REYLHGDGH RV UHVXOWDGRV HQFRQWUDGRV j VLWXDomR VyFLRHFRQ{PLFD HP TXH YLYH JUDQGH SDUWH GD SRSXODomR EUDVLOHLUD p
GUDPiWLFRYHULILFDUPRVTXHDFDGDSHTXHQDTXHGDQDUHQGDGLVSRQtYHOHQFRQWUDPRVXPDMXVWHLPHGLDWRFRPDSLRUDGR
GHVHPSHQKRELROyJLFR%5$6,/
'XUDQWHDQRVWDQWRSRUPHLRGHSROtWLFDVGHVD~GHTXDQWRGHQXWULomRWHQWRXVHEXVFDURTXH
)DYHUHW )LOKR 2OLYHLUD FKDPDUDP GH FDPLQKRV GR VHWRU VD~GH SDUD R EHPHVWDU VRFLDO
EUDVLOHLUR $DQiOLVHGDVWHQGrQFLDVGR VHWRUVD~GHPRVWURXPHVPRDLQGDGHIRUPDSUHOLPLQDU TXHR
GLUHLWRXQLYHUVDOGHDFHVVRDRVEHQHItFLRVQDVSROtWLFDVVRFLDLVRVFLODHQWUHDLQWHQomRGHFRORFDUREHP
HVWDUVRFLDOEUDVLOHLURQRPROGHLQVWLWXFLRQDOUHGLVWULEXWLYRHXPDWHQGrQFLDHVWUXWXUDOTXHHQFDPLQKDSDUDR
SDGUmRUHVLGXDOGH7LWPXVVFRPXPDFLUFXQVFULomRGDFOLHQWHODDOYRpSURSRVWRXPPRGHORLGHDO
XQLYHUVDOL]DQWH H LJXDOLWiULR HVWDQGR VHPSUH UHODWLYL]DGR SRU XPD FRQVLGHUDomR GH FDUiWHU VHOHWLYR (VVDV
WHQGrQFLDVXQLYHUVDOL]DQWHVHVWmRORQJHGHFRQIHULUDRVLVWHPDEUDVLOHLURFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGRWLSRLQVWLWXFLRQDO
UHGLVWULEXWLYR
$V SROtWLFDVVRFLDLVFRQVWLWXHPVHWUDQVIHUrQFLDVGHUHQGDVHMDQDVXDIRUPDPRQHWiULD VHMD QD
SURYLVmR GH EHQV H VHUYLoRV TXH LQGHSHQGHP GR SRGHU GH EDUJDQKD LQGLYLGXDO RX GH JUXSRV
VRFLRRFXSDFLRQDLV 'Dt HQWHQGHUVH R HVWDGR GR EHPHVWDU FRPR XP PRGHOR HVSHFtILFR GH
(QWUH HVVHV RXWURV IDWRUHV WHPRV D KLSyWHVH OHYDQWDGD SRU 3RVW 9LFWyUD H %DUURV TXH H[SOLFD D UD]mR SHOD TXDO DV FULDQoDV
EUDVLOHLUDVDSUHVHQWDPEDL[DVSUHYDOrQFLDVGHGpILFLWGHSHVRSDUDHVWDWXUDQDSUHVHQoDGHDOWDVSUHYDOrQFLDVGHGpILFLWGHHVWDWXUDSDUDLGDGH
6HJXQGR VHXV DUJXPHQWRV HVVD EDL[D SUHYDOrQFLD GH GHVQXWULomR DWXDO SHVRHVWDWXUD SRGHULD HVWDU HYLGHQFLDQGR HP YH] GH XP ERP
HVWDGRQXWULFLRQDOGLIHUHQoDVQDFRPSRVLomRPXVFXODUDGLSRVRyVVHRHiJXDFRUSRUDORXSURSRUo}HVFRUSRUDLVUHIHULGDVSHODVPHGLGDV
GRSHUtPHWURFHIiOLFRSHUtPHWURDEGRPLQDOHHVWDWXUDUHODWLYDPHQWHjVFULDQoDVQDVTXDLVIRLEDVHDGDDUHIHUrQFLD1&+6
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
66
WUDQVIHUrQFLDVVRFLDLVGHEDVHILVFDOFXMRREMHWLYRpSURPRYHUREHPHVWDUGRVLQGLYtGXRVSRUPHLRGH
XPDUHGLVWULEXLomRGDUHQGDHGDULTXH]DDWLYRVFRPSURPHWLGDFRPDLGpLDGHMXVWLoD/$9,1$6HWDO
1DKLVWyULDUHFHQWHGR%UDVLOGXUDQWHDLPSOHPHQWDomRGR3ODQR5HDOIRLSRVVtYHOREVHUYDUXPD
PDLRUWUDQVIHUrQFLDGHUHQGDTXDQGRRVVHWRUHVPDLVHPSREUHFLGRVREWLYHUDPJDQKRVVLJQLILFDWLYRVHP
UHODomRDRFRQMXQWRGDSRSXODomR,QIHOL]PHQWHRVHIHLWRVGDHVWDELOL]DomRQmRIRUDPGXUDGRXURVHQR
ILQDO GD GpFDGDGHHVWHSURFHVVRVHUHYHUWHX SDUFLDOPHQWHQmRVHQGRSRVVtYHODLQGDDILUPDU TXH
FDPLQKDPRVHPGLUHomRjDGRomRGHXPPRGHORGHEHPHVWDUVRFLDOPDLVGLVWULEXWLYR0('(,526
$ VHJXLU REVHUYDUVHi PDLV GHWLGDPHQWH R OXJDU GR VHWRU DOLPHQWDomR H QXWULomR QD UHFHQWH
SROtWLFDVRFLDOEUDVLOHLUD
32/Ì7,&$6
'(
$/,0(17$d®2
'(6,*8$/'$'(62&,$/
3/$12
5($/
(
$ REVHUYDomR GR JDVWR VRFLDO IHGHUDO GHVGH SHUPLWH DQDOLVDU D DWHQomR TXH D iUHD GH
DOLPHQWDomRHQXWULomRWHPUHFHELGR&RQVLGHUDQGRVHRFRQMXQWRGRVLQYHVWLPHQWRVS~EOLFRV QD iUHD
VRFLDOHPUHODomRDVXDSDUWLFLSDomRQR3,%3URGXWR,QWHUQR%UXWRWHPVHGHXPPRGRJHUDOTXDWUR
FODURV SHUtRGRV 2/,9(,5$ IRUWH FRQWUDomR GRV JDVWRV S~EOLFRV VRFLDLV TXH
SDVVDUDP D DEUDQJHUFHUFDGHGR3,%SDUDOHODPHQWHDRSURFHVVRGHGHPRFUDWL]DomR
RFRUUHX FRQVLGHUiYHO H[SDQVmR GRV JDVWRV VRFLDLV FRP JUDGDWLYR DXPHQWR D FDGD DQR QHVVHSHUtRGRRFRUUHXIRUWHUHGXomRQRVJDVWRVTXHUHWRUQDPDYDORUHVGRLQtFLRGDGpFDGDGHH
VREDH[SHULrQFLDGR3ODQR5HDOUHFXSHUDUDPVHRVQtYHLVDOFDQoDGRVQRILQDOGDGpFDGDGH
FRPSDUWLFLSDomRHPWRUQRGHGRJDVWRVRFLDOIHGHUDOHPUHODomRDR3,%
'H IRUPD LOXVWUDWLYD D 7DEHOD UHWUDWD D SDUWLFLSDomR GH RLWR VHWRUHV QR JDVWR VRFLDO IHGHUDO
HQWUHH
67
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
7$%(/$
&RPSRVLomRSHUFHQWXDOGRJDVWRVRFLDOIHGHUDO%UDVLO²
$QRV
3UHYLGrQFLD
$VVLVWrQFLD
6D~GH
$OLPHQWRVH
(GXFDomR
+DELWDomRH
6DQHDPHQWR
7UDEDOKR
6RFLDO
6RFLDO
1XWULomR
)RQWH,3($',326H)81'$3,(63,Q2OLYHLUDH6RDUHV
8UEDQLVPR
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
68
$OWHUDo}HV LQWURGX]LGDV QD &RQVWLWXLomR GH H SULQFLSDOPHQWH R DXPHQWR GR
Q~PHUR GH EHQHILFLiULRV GR VLVWHPD VmR UHVSRQViYHLV SHOD PDLRU SDUWLFLSDomR GD 3UHYLGrQFLD
6RFLDOQRFRQMXQWRGHJDVWRVTXHpDFRPSDQKDGDSRUXPDPHQRUSDUWLFLSDomRGRVHWRUVD~GH
&RQIRUPH 6RDUHV R VLJQLILFDWLYR DXPHQWR GR VHWRU WUDEDOKR QR LQtFLR GD GpFDGD GH
pIUXWRGDLQFRUSRUDomRGRVYDORUHVGRVHJXURGHVHPSUHJRQHVWDUXEULFDVHQGRHVWHVHR
VHWRUGH$VVLVWrQFLD6RFLDODTXHOHVTXHUHFHEHUDPPDLRUDSRUWHGHUHFXUVRVQRLQtFLRGRVDQRV
QRYHQWD
(PUHODomRDRVUHFXUVRVPRELOL]DGRVSDUDRVHWRUDOLPHQWDomRHQXWULomRpLPSRUWDQWH
VDOLHQWDUWDQWRRDXPHQWRGDSDUWLFLSDomRGRVHWRUQDPHWDGHILQDOGDGpFDGDGHVHQGRR
iSLFHHPFRPRDSRUWHGHGRVJDVWRVFRPRWDPEpPDVLJQLILFDWLYDGLPLQXLomR
HPH$SyVWHUHPVLGRVLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWHUHGX]LGRVHVVHVUHFXUVRVGXUDQWHRLQtFLR
GD GpFDGD GH QRYHQWD TXDQGR RV SURJUDPDV GH DOLPHQWDomR H QXWULomR IRUDP TXDVH TXH
H[WLQWRVDUHFXSHUDomRGRVSULPHLURVDQRVGR3ODQR5HDOHQmRVHVXVWHQWRXHMi
HPRFRUUHXSHUGDQmRVyUHODWLYDFRPRDEVROXWDGHUHFXUVRVFRPRVPLOK}HVGHUHDLV
GHVWLQDGRVjDOLPHQWDomRHQXWULomRHPPLQJXDQGRSDUDVRPHQWHPLOK}HVHP
6HJXQGR 2OLYHLUD HVVD GLPLQXLomR GHFRUUH GD TXHGD GRV UHFXUVRV GHVWLQDGRV D
VXESURJUDPDVDOLPHQWDUHVHDRSURJUDPDGROHLWH$VLWXDomRSHUPDQHFHXUXLPQRVDQRVVHJXLQWHV
(P R ,1$1 IRL H[WLQWR H VRPHQWH RLWR PHVHV GHSRLV IRL FULDGD QRYD HVWUXWXUD GH
DUWLFXODomRGDiUHDGHDOLPHQWDomRHQXWULomR
'XUDQWH D GpFDGD GH D VLWXDomR GDV GHVLJXDOGDGHV VRFLDLV H GD SREUH]D
SHUPDQHFHUDP QR FHQiULR SROtWLFR EUDVLOHLUR FRPR p DSRQWDGR QD WDEHOD $ DXVrQFLD GH
PHFDQLVPRVSURWHWRUHVHPXPDSUHYLVmRQmRRWLPLVWDWHQGHUiDDJUDYDUDLQGDPDLVRTXDGUR
GH PLVpULD H H[FOXVmR GR 3DtV QR GHFRUUHU GR VpFXOR ;;, 0$77262 *,29$11,
/$9,1$6HWDO*$/($==,
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
69
7$%(/$
'HVLJXDOGDGHHSREUH]DQR%UDVLO²
3DUFHODGHUHQGDGRV
5D]mRHQWUHDUHQGDPpGLD
%UDVLO
3DUFHODGHUHQGDGRV
PDLVSREUHV
PDLVULFRV
GRVPDLVULFRVHDGRV
3URSRUomRGHSREUHV
PDLVSREUHV
ÌQGLFHGH*LQL
)RQWH31$'VGHYiULRVDQRV,Q3$(6(%$5526HWDO
9HULILFDVH TXH QR SHUtRGR SyVHVWDELOL]DomR GD PRHGD HP GLDQWH QmR KRXYH
PHOKRUDVLJQLILFDWLYDQRTXDGURGDGHVLJXDOGDGH$SHVDUGDUD]mRHQWUHDUHQGDPpGLDGRV
PDLVULFRVHDGRVPDLVSREUHVWHUVRIULGRXPDOHYHTXHGDTXDQGRVHFRPSDUDPRVDQRV
GHHYrVHTXHQRSHUtRGRGHDDUD]mRHQWUHDUHQGDPpGLDGRV
PDLVULFRVHDGRVPDLVSREUHVVHPDQWHYHSUDWLFDPHQWHLQDOWHUDGDDVVLPFRPRRtQGLFH
GH *LQL R TXH LQGLFD TXH R JUDX GH GHVLJXDOGDGH QD GLVWULEXLomR GH UHQGD QmR VRIUHX
DOWHUDomRQHVVHSHUtRGR
$LQGDQD7DEHODQRWDVHXPSHTXHQRDXPHQWRGDSDUFHODGHUHQGDDSURSULDGDSHORV
PDLVSREUHVTXHHUDGHHPHSDVVDDVHUGHHP2FRQWUROHGD
LQIODomR UHGXQGRX QXPD LPSRUWDQWH H LPHGLDWD UHGXomR GR Q~PHUR GH SREUHV 3RUpP HP
RV HIHLWRV GHVWH UHVXOWDGR GLPLQXtUDP VXD DEUDQJrQFLD YHULILFDQGRVH DXPHQWR GD
SURSRUomR GH SREUHV QD SRSXODomR TXH FKHJRX D HP FRPSDUDomR DRV HQFRQWUDGRVHP
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
70
$ PHOKRULD GH UHQGD REWLGD FRP D HYROXomR GR 3,% SHU FDSLWD HQWUH H p
DSRQWDGDFRPRUHVSRQViYHOSRUVLJQLILFDWLYRVDYDQoRVWDQWRTXDOLWDWLYRVFRPRTXDQWLWDWLYRV
QD DOLPHQWDomR GD SRSXODomR &<5,//2 HW DO 1HVVH SHUtRGR R SUHoR UHDO GRV EHQV
WDPEpP GLPLQXLX DR PHVPR WHPSR HP TXH KRXYH PDLRU GLVSRQLELOLGDGH GH SURGXWRV
LPSRUWDGRV1RVMRUQDLVpSRVVtYHOHQFRQWUDUDILUPDo}HVHQWXVLDVPDGDVFRPRDGRHPSUHViULR
$QWRQLR(UPtULRGH0RUDHV)ROKDGH63DXOR
2V GDGRV PRVWUDP D RFRUUrQFLD GH XPD YHUGDGHLUD UHYROXomR
DOLPHQWDU QR %UDVLO SyV5HDO &RP R DXPHQWR GH SRGHU GH
FRPSUD GRV JUXSRV PDLV SREUHV R FRQVXPR DJUHJDGR GH DUUR]
IHLMmRHIDULQKDPDQWHYHVHSUDWLFDPHQWHHVWiYHOHQTXDQWRTXH R
FRQVXPR GH IUDQJR PDVVDV OHLWH ODWLFtQLRV IUXWDV H YHUGXUDV
H[SORGLX ,VVR p XP ERP VLQDO PXLWR ERP PHVPR (OH LQGLFD
XPD PHOKRULD VXEVWDQFLDO GR SDGUmR DOLPHQWDU GRV TXH PDLV
SUHFLVDYDPPHOKRUDU(VWiSURYDGRTXHXPDPRHGDHVWiYHO
DFRSODGDDXPDERDSROtWLFDDJUtFRODWHPXPLPSDFWRIDQWiVWLFR
QDPHOKRULDGHVD~GHGDQRVVDSRSXODomR
9DOHGHVWDFDUTXHWDLVDOWHUDo}HVDOLPHQWDUHVQmRGHUDPFRQWDGHDOWHUDUEHQHILFDPHQWH
RHVWDGRQXWULFLRQDOHDVD~GHGDSRSXODomREUDVLOHLUDGXUDQWHDHVWDELOL]DomRGDPRHGDFRPR
UHYHODP RV HVWXGRV SRSXODFLRQDLV GH 0RQWHLUR HW DO GH 6LFKLHUL HW DO H GH
0DULQKRHWDO
$SHVDUGHVVHVHIHLWRVSRVLWLYRVHVSHFLDOPHQWHHPUHODomRDRDFHVVRDRVDOLPHQWRVSHOR
DXPHQWR GH UHQGD FRPR WDPEpP HP UD]mR GRV HIHLWRV GD YDORUL]DomR FDPELDO HVWXGRV
UHFHQWHVDILUPDPTXHDTXHOHIRLXPSHUtRGRSDUWLFXODUHTXHSyVDVLWXDomRVHPRGLILFRX
5RFKDGLVFXWLXRHVJRWDPHQWRGRVHIHLWRVGLVWULEXWLYRVGR3ODQR5HDO3DHVH%DUURVHW
DO DSRQWDUDP SDUD XPD ´HVWDELOLGDGH LQDFHLWiYHOµ GD VLWXDomR HFRQ{PLFD H XPD
SHUPDQrQFLDGDGHVLJXDOGDGHHGDSREUH]DH/DYLQDVHWDOVDOLHQWDUDPTXHGHILQVGH
HP GLDQWH RFRUUHX XPD TXHGD QR JUDX GH DFHVVR DRV DOLPHQWRV HP GHFRUUrQFLD GD
GLPLQXLomRGDUHQGDLQGLYLGXDOHGRDXPHQWRGRSUHoRGDFHVWDEiVLFD
3RUILP6DQWRVDSRQWDSDUDRVOLPLWHVGDIHVWHMDGDHVWDELOL]DomRDRREVHUYDUDV
DOWHUDo}HVDOLPHQWDUHV
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
71
$ UHYROXomR QD GLHWD DOLPHQWDU HP FDORULDV H SURWHtQDV GH
PLOK}HV GH SHVVRDV GH EDL[D UHQGD YHLR UHYHODU GH IRUPD
OLWHUDOPHQWH SDOSiYHO TXH R LPSRVWR LQIODFLRQiULR HUD
IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWH LPSRVWR VREUH RV FDUHQWHV PLOK}HV GH
SHVVRDV GH EDL[D UHQGD SDVVDUDP D FRQVXPLU RYRV H IUDQJRV
SRUTXH R DFUpVFLPR PDUJLQDO HP VHX SRGHU GH FRPSUD QmR OKHV
SHUPLWLDFRQVXPLU)XVFDVQHPPLOKDUHVHPLOKDUHVGHEHQVH
PHUFDGRULDVjGLVSRVLomRGRVFRQVXPLGRUHV3RUTXHIUDQJRHQmR
IDLVmR RX SHUX" 3RUTXH SHOD HVWDELOL]DomR GD PRHGD p SRVVtYHO
DOWHUDU SDUD PHOKRU R SDGUmR GH YLGD GRV DVVDODULDGRV VHP
TXDOTXHU SROtWLFD YLVDQGR HVSHFLILFDPHQWH D DOWHUDU R SHUILO GH
GLVWULEXLomRGHUHQGD2OLPLWHGHVVDSROtWLFDpFODUR4XDQGRD
LQIODomR HVWDELOL]DUVH HP WRUQR GH ]HUR QmR KDYHUi PDLV VDOWRV
QR SRGHU GH FRPSUD GD PRHGD LQIODomR ]HUR QR %UDVLO
REULJDUiDXPDRSomRHQWUHDVREUHYLYrQFLDHVWDYHOPHQWHEDQDOGD
PDLRULDGDSRSXODomRRXDLQWHUYHQomRQRSHUILOGDGLVWULEXLomR
GHUHQGD
$VGHVLJXDOGDGHVUHODFLRQDGDVDRDFHVVRGRVDOLPHQWRVVmRDSRQWDGDVSRU0DOXI
FRPR XP GRV SULQFLSDLV WUDoRV GD HYROXomR UHFHQWH GR FRQVXPR GH DOLPHQWRV QR %UDVLO
FRH[LVWLQGR XPD FRQFHQWUDomR GH LQGLYtGXRV FRP GpILFLW HQHUJpWLFR HQWUH DTXHOHV TXH QmR
UHFHEHP UHFXUVRV VXILFLHQWHV SDUD FRPSUDU XPD FHVWD EiVLFD GH DOLPHQWRV RX VLPSOHVPHQWH
SHORFRQVXPRQmRUHJXODUGHXPPHVPRSDGUmRDOLPHQWDUEiVLFRHRVTXHSRGHPPDQWHUXP
SDGUmRGHFRQVXPRGHSDtVHVGHVHQYROYLGRV
2DFHVVRUHJXODUHDGHTXDGRDRVDOLPHQWRVSDUDDVIDPtOLDVGRV
HVWUDWRV LQIHULRUHV p FXVWRVR QR VHQWLGR GH TXH DEVRUYH SDUFHOD
VLJQLILFDWLYD GD UHQGD IDPLOLDU H SRGH FRPSURPHWHU R DFHVVR D
RXWURVEHQVHVHUYLoRVQHFHVViULRVDXPDYLGDGLJQD(PVHJXQGR
OXJDUJUDYHVSUREOHPDVSRULQVXILFLrQFLDGHDOLPHQWDomRGHYLGRV
j UHVWULomR QR DFHVVR DRV DOLPHQWRV SRU UD]}HV GH UHQGD Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
72
FRH[LVWHP FRP SDGU}HV GH FRQVXPR GDV FDPDGDV PpGLDV H
VXSHULRUHV DQiORJRV DRV HQFRQWUDGRV QRV SDtVHV GH UHQGD PDLV
HOHYDGD0$/8)
$HVVDVLWXDomRTXHFRORFDHPULVFRGHYXOQHUDELOLGDGHELROyJLFDRVTXHQmRSRVVXHP
UHQGDVDWLVIDWyULDSDUDPDQWHUXPSDGUmRDOLPHQWDUGLJQRGRSRQWRGHYLVWDQXWULFLRQDOVRPD
VHDLPSRVVLELOLGDGHGHXPDFHVVRXQLYHUVDODRVEHQVHVHUYLoRVEiVLFRVQHFHVViULRVDREHP
HVWDUVRFLDOGHQXQFLDQGRRHVFkQGDOREUDVLOHLURGHQRVVDVGHVLJXDOGDGHVVRFLDLV
(PERUDHPQRVVDOHJLVODomRVHMDSRVVtYHOHQFRQWUDUHPVHIRUWHVDUJXPHQWRVGHTXHD
DOLPHQWDomRpXPGLUHLWRIXQGDPHQWDOGRVHUKXPDQRGRSRQWRGHYLVWDGDVD~GH
$ VD~GH p XP GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDO GR VHU KXPDQR
GHYHQGRR(VWDGRSURYHUDVFRQGLo}HVLQGLVSHQViYHLVDR
VHX SOHQR H[HUFtFLR 3DUiJUDIR R $ VD~GH WHP FRPR
IDWRUHV GHWHUPLQDQWHV FRQGLFLRQDQWHV HQWUH RXWURV D
DOLPHQWDomRDUHQGDDHGXFDomRRWUDQVSRUWHROD]HU
H R DFHVVR DRV EHQV H VHUYLoRV HVVHQFLDLV RV QtYHLV GH
VD~GH GD SRSXODomR H[SUHVVDP D RUJDQL]DomR VRFLDO H
HFRQ{PLFD GR 3DtV $UW R /HL QR GH
6HWHPEURGH
$LQGDH[LVWHXPDODFXQDHQWUHDSURPRomRGRGLUHLWRHVXDH[HFXomRGRSRQWRGHYLVWD
OHJDO (QFRQWUDPRV QDV DILUPDo}HV GH 9DOHQWH TXH ´VHP XPD DOLPHQWDomR DGHTXDGD
WDQWR GR SRQWR GH YLVWD GD TXDQWLGDGH FRPR GD TXDOLGDGH QmR Ki R GLUHLWR j YLGD QmR Ki
GLUHLWRjKXPDQLGDGHµ(VVDDUJXPHQWDomRHQFRQWUDUHVVRQkQFLDDRREVHUYDUPRVRVFDPLQKRV
GRZHOIDUHVWDWHTXHSDVVDSHODJDUDQWLDGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVHEiVLFRVSDUDTXHDSRSXODomR
WHQKDTXDOLGDGHGHYLGD
$VSROtWLFDVGHDOLPHQWDomRWrPSHUPDQHFLGRQRFDPLQKRDVVLVWHQFLDOLVWDHPHUJHQFLDO
QXPDEXVFDSRUUHVROYHURSUREOHPDLPHGLDWRGDIRPHHQmRVHWHPSULRUL]DGRXPDSURSRVWD
PDLV HIHWLYD D ORQJR SUD]R &RP HIHLWR RSWRXVH SRU XPD SROtWLFD HFRQ{PLFD QD TXDO D
HVWDELOL]DomRGDPRHGDIRLSULRUL]DGDFRPDDGRomRGR3ODQR5HDODRPHVPRWHPSRTXH R
352'($3URJUDPDGH'LVWULEXLomR(PHUJHQFLDOGH$OLPHQWRVSURPRYHXDGLVWULEXLomRGH
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
73
FHVWDVEiVLFDVGHDOLPHQWRVFRPDOWRYDORUHQHUJpWLFRjVIDPtOLDVGRVPXQLFtSLRVFRQVLGHUDGRV
HPULVFRQXWULFLRQDO&$59$/+2/$9,1$6HWDO
$ IRUPXODomR GD UHFHQWH SROtWLFD GH VHJXUDQoD DOLPHQWDU GR SDtV IRL DPSODPHQWH
GLIXQGLGD HP SRU PHLR GD SXEOLFDomR GR 0DSD GD )RPH HODERUDGR SHOR ,3($
3(/,$121R%UDVLODH[FOXVmRVRFLDOVHUHIOHWLDQDH[LVWrQFLDGHXPDSRSXODomRDOYR
GHPLOK}HVGHLQGLJHQWHVHVHXFRPEDWHSDVVRXDLQFRUSRUDUDDJHQGDGRJRYHUQRIHGHUDO
TXHHODERURXR3ODQRGH&RPEDWHj)RPHHj0LVpULD²3ULQFtSLRVSULRULGDGHVHPDSDVGDV
Do}HVGRJRYHUQR3(5(,5$&$6752
$WDUHIDGHLGHQWLILFDUGHIRUPDSUHFLVDDVSRSXODo}HVDOYRQmRIRLXPDH[FOXVLYLGDGH
EUDVLOHLUD PDV VLP SDUWH GH XPD SROtWLFD RULHQWDGD SHOR %DQFR 0XQGLDO TXH YLVDYD IRPHQWDU
LQLFLDWLYDV QHVVH VHQWLGR HQWUH RV SDtVHV HP GHVHQYROYLPHQWR VLPXOWDQHDPHQWH j DGRomR GH
PHGLGDVHFRQ{PLFDVHPFRQVRQkQFLDFRPR&RQVHQVRGH:DVKLQJWRQ(VVHTXDGURGHDMXVWH
QHROLEHUDODFDEDULDOHYDQGRQDRSLQLmRGH6RDUHVDXPGHVDMXVWHVRFLDOQD$PpULFD/DWLQD$V
FUtWLFDVVmRUHFRUUHQWHVHPUHODomRDRVFDPLQKRVWUDoDGRVSULQFLSDOPHQWHQRTXHVHUHIHUHjV
RSo}HVGHHVWUDWpJLDGHVVDQRYDIDVHGDVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVDVTXDLVSRGHPVHULGHQWLILFDGDVD
SDUWLU GHVHLVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFRPSRUWDPHQWRSUyFtFOLFRHUHJUHVVLYRWDQWRGRJDVWRFRPR
GRILQDQFLDPHQWRVRFLDOHVYD]LDPHQWRRUoDPHQWiULRGRVVHWRUHVVRFLDLVGHVFHQWUDOL]DomR
GRV VHUYLoRVVRFLDLVSULYDWL]DomRWRWDORXSDUFLDOGHVHUYLoRVIRFDOL]DomRUHWRUQR GD
IDPtOLDHGRVyUJmRVGDVRFLHGDGHFLYLOVHPILQVOXFUDWLYRVFRPRDJHQWHVGREHPHVWDUVRFLDO
$VFUtWLFDVUHFODPDPGRFRPSURPHWLPHQWRFRPUHFHLWDVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVHGDDFHLWDomR
GHPRGHORVSUHYLDPHQWHHVWDEHOHFLGRV8PFXULRVRH[HPSORpRSDUDOHOLVPRH[LVWHQWHHQWUHR
3521$62/ 3URJUDPD 1DFLRQDO GH 6ROLGDULHGDGH PH[LFDQR H R &RPXQLGDGH 6ROLGiULD
EUDVLOHLUR62$5(60XLWRPDLVTXHXPDSUR[LPLGDGHYHUQDFXODUDPERVRVSURJUDPDV
VDOLHQWDP D LPSRUWkQFLD GD GHVFHQWUDOL]DomR H VH FDUDFWHUL]DP SHOD IRFDOL]DomR GDV Do}HV
VHJXLQGR RV RXWURV HOHPHQWRV GR FRUROiULR H[SRVWR DFLPD (VVD FRPSDUDomR FKHJRX D
LQFRPRGDURVJHVWRUHVGRSURJUDPDEUDVLOHLURPHUHFHQGRXP´GLUHLWRGHUHVSRVWDµSRUSDUWH
GH 3HOLDQR S VHFUHWiULD H[HFXWLYD GR &RPXQLGDGH 6ROLGiULD TXDQGR IRUDP
DSUHVHQWDGDV DV SHFXOLDULHGDGHV GR SURJUDPD HP UHODomR DR VHX FRQJrQHUH GR 0p[LFR $
DUWLFXODomRHDSDUFHULDVmRFRPSRQHQWHVIXQGDPHQWDLVGR&RPXQLGDGH6ROLGiULDHQmRHQFRQWUDVLPLODU HP
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
74
RXWURVSDtVHVGD$PpULFD/DWLQDHPERUDVHMDUHFRUUHQWHVXDFRPSDUDomRSH[FRPR3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH
6ROLGDULHGDGH3521$62/GR0p[LFR
1D GpFDGD GH R FRQFHLWR GH VHJXUDQoD DOLPHQWDU JDQKRX HYLGrQFLD QR FHQiULR
SROtWLFREUDVLOHLUR6HJXQGR9DOHQWHLQLFLRXVHXPDIDVHPHPRUiYHOGHPRELOL]Do}HVQRSDtVHP
TXHRHQIUHQWDPHQWRGDIRPHHGDPLVpULDSDVVDDVHUXPDTXHVWmRGLVFXWLGDQRERMRGDVSROtWLFDVHFRQ{PLFDVH
VRFLDLVHGDVHJXUDQoDDOLPHQWDUFRPRGHEDWHFRQWLQXDGRHQWUHDVRFLHGDGHFLYLOHRJRYHUQR
2 JRYHUQR SDUDOHOR FRPSRVWR SRU SROtWLFRV GD RSRVLomR PHPEURV GH 2UJDQL]Do}HV
1mR*RYHUQDPHQWDLV,JUHMDVHLQWHOHFWXDLVHQWURXQRFHQiULRVRFLDOHDSUHVHQWRXjVRFLHGDGHH
DRJRYHUQRSRVWHULRUDRSHUtRGRGHXPDSURSRVWDGHDomRGHQRPLQDGD3ROtWLFD1DFLRQDO
GH 6HJXUDQoD$OLPHQWDU 125'(5 DSRQWDQGR SDUD D UHDOLGDGH KLVWyULFD GH UHFHVVmR
TXHRSDtVYLYHQFLDYDPDUFDGDSHODSUHVHQoDGHLQIODomRDOWDFRPFUHVFLPHQWRGRGHVHPSUHJR
TXHGDGRVVDOiULRVHGLPLQXLomRGRVJDVWRVS~EOLFRVHPiUHDVOLJDGDVjDOLPHQWDomRHQXWULomR
&$59$/+2
(P IRL FULDGR R &RQVHOKR GH 6HJXUDQoD $OLPHQWDU &216($ 0HVPR FRP
DPSOD SDUWLFLSDomR GD VRFLHGDGH FLYLO QmR KRXYH D FRQWUDSDUWLGD HVSHUDGD HP UHODomR DRV
UHFXUVRV ILQDQFHLURV H PDWHULDLV PRELOL]DGRV SHOR JRYHUQR IHGHUDO H D SDUWLFLSDomR GRV
PLQLVWURV GD iUHD HFRQ{PLFD IRL PHQRV DWLYD GR TXH R SURPHWLGR $V Do}HV H DERUGDJHQV
LPSOHPHQWDGDV D SDUWLU GR &216($ QmR LQRYDUDP HP UHODomR jV SROtWLFDV GH DOLPHQWDomR
DQWHULRUHVVXDVDWLYLGDGHVVHFRQFHQWUDUDPHPDo}HVTXHSXGHVVHPDWXDUQRFRPEDWHLPHGLDWR
jIRPHDWHQGLPHQWRjVFULDQoDVGHVQXWULGDVHjVJHVWDQWHVGHULVFRQXWULFLRQDOIRUWDOHFLPHQWR
H GHVFHQWUDOL]DomR GD PHUHQGD HVFRODU UHYLVmR GR 3$7 3URJUDPD GH $OLPHQWDomR GR
0XLWDVGDVFUtWLFDVDR3521$62/FDPLQKDPHPGLUHomRDRXVRSROtWLFRHSRSXOLVWDHPTXHRPHVPRLQFRUUHXHQRTXDOD
ILJXUDGRSUHVLGHQWHIRLDVVRFLDGDDRDWHQGLPHQWRGRVPDLVSREUHVHQYROYHQGRLQWHUHVVHVHOHLWRUDLV$5(//$121R
FDVR EUDVLOHLUR FUtWLFDV QHVVD GLUHomR QmR IRUDP IRUPXODGDV H QmR VH DVVRFLDUDP RV SURJUDPDV VRFLDLV SURPRYLGRV SHOR
&RPXQLGDGH6ROLGiULDjVHVWUDWpJLDVHOHLWRUDLVGRJRYHUQRIHGHUDO
3RGHPRV LGHQWLILFDU R VXUJLPHQWR GR FRQFHLWR GH VHJXUDQoD DOLPHQWDU QR PXQGR FRPR XPD UHVSRVWD jV OLPLWDo}HV QD
SURGXomRGHDOLPHQWRVUHVXOWDQWHVGHJXHUUDVRXERLFRWHVSROtWLFRV*$/($==,2FRQFHLWRGHVHJXUDQoDDOLPHQWDU
GHX rQIDVH j SURGXomR GR VLVWHPD DJURDOLPHQWDU YROWDGR SDUD FULDomR GH HVWRTXHV SDUD VXSULPHQWR HP VLWXDo}HV GH
HPHUJrQFLDFRPRDILUPD*DOHD]]LS$6HJXUDQoD$OLPHQWDUSDVVDHQWmRDVHUHQWHQGLGDFRPRXPDTXHVWmRGH
HVWRTXHVHVWUDWpJLFRVHGHRIHUWDVHJXUDHDGHTXDGDFHQWUDQGRSRUWDQWRRHQIRTXHQRDOLPHQWRHQmRQR+RPHP6XSHUDGDD
FULVH GH HVFDVVH] QD GpFDGD GH IRUDP LQWURGX]LGRV QRYRV HOHPHQWRV QD GLVFXVVmR GH VHJXUDQoD DOLPHQWDU &RP D
SHUFHSomRTXHXPDRIHUWDVXILFLHQWHGDSURGXomRQmRJDUDQWLDRDFHVVRXQLYHUVDODRVDOLPHQWRVEiVLFRVIRUDPFRORFDGRVHP
SDXWDRVSUREOHPDVGHGHPDQGDHGLVWULEXLomR2REMHWLYRILQDOGDVHJXUDQoDDOLPHQWDUPXQGLDOpDVVHJXUDUTXHWRGDVDVSHVVRDVWHQKDPHP
WRGRPRPHQWRDFHVVRItVLFRHHFRQ{PLFRDRVDOLPHQWRVEiVLFRVTXHQHFHVVLWHPDVHJXUDQoDDOLPHQWDUGHYHWHUWUrVSURSyVLWRVHVSHFtILFRVDVVHJXUDUD
SURGXomRDOLPHQWDUDGHTXDGDFRQVHJXLUDPi[LPDHVWDELOLGDGHQRIOX[RGHWDLVDOLPHQWRVHJDUDQWLURDFHVVRDRVDOLPHQWRVGLVSRQtYHLVSRUSDUWH
GHTXHPRVQHFHVVLWD2LWDYD6HomRGR&RPLWrGH6HJXUDQoD$OLPHQWDU0XQGLDODSXG*$/($==,
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
75
7UDEDOKDGRUUHWRPDGDGR3URJUDPDGH$VVHQWDPHQWR5XUDOHGLVWULEXLomRGHDOLPHQWRVjV
IDPtOLDVDWLQJLGDVSHORIODJHORGDVHFDGR1RUGHVWH62$5(6
2&216($MXQWDPHQWHFRPD$omRGD&LGDGDQLDFRQYRFDUDPHPMXOKRGHD,
&RQIHUrQFLD 1DFLRQDO GH 6HJXUDQoD $OLPHQWDU UHXQLQGR FHUFD GH GHOHJDGRV GH WRGR R
SDtV 1HVWD FRQIHUrQFLD IRL HODERUDGR XP UHODWyULR ILQDO TXH QDV SDODYUDV GH 9$/(17(
UHIOHWLX D SUHRFXSDomR GR SRYR EUDVLOHLUR FRP D FRQFHQWUDomR GH UHQGD H GD WHUUD FRPR XPD GDV
SULQFLSDLVGHWHUPLQDQWHVGDIRPHHGDPLVpULDQRSDtV
3RU RFDVLmR GD SULPHLUD FRQIHUrQFLD VREUH VHJXUDQoD DOLPHQWDU FRQVROLGRXVH R
HQWHQGLPHQWRGHTXHDJDUDQWLDGDVHJXUDQoDDOLPHQWDUHQXWULFLRQDOVHULDHVVHQFLDOSDUDXPD
HVWUDWpJLD GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR VRFLDO SDUD R %UDVLO 1HVVH PRPHQWR KLVWyULFR D VHJXUDQoD
DOLPHQWDU SDVVRX D LQFRUSRUDU RXWUD FDWHJRULD FRQFHLWXDO R WHUPR QXWULFLRQDO VHQGR DVVLP
GHILQLGR
6HJXUDQoD DOLPHQWDU H QXWULFLRQDO FRQVLVWH HP JDUDQWLU D WRGRV
FRQGLo}HV GH DFHVVR D DOLPHQWRV EiVLFRV VHJXURV H GH TXDOLGDGH
VXILFLHQWH GH PRGR SHUPDQHQWH H VHP FRPSURPHWHU R DFHVVR D
RXWUDVQHFHVVLGDGHVHVVHQFLDLVFRPEDVHHPSUiWLFDVDOLPHQWDUHV
VDXGiYHLV FRQWULEXLQGR DVVLP SDUD D H[LVWrQFLD GLJQD HP XP
FRQWH[WR GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR LQWHJUDO GD SHVVRD KXPDQD
9$/(17(
'LDQWHGHVVHQRYRTXDGURVXUJHHPFULDGRSHOR'HFUHWRQRGD3UHVLGrQFLD
GD 5HS~EOLFD GH GH MDQHLUR R 3URJUDPD &RPXQLGDGH 6ROLGiULD TXH IRL RUJDQL]DGR HP
IRUPDWRGHUHGHHQYROYHQGRRVWUrVQtYHLVGHJRYHUQRHFLQFRSDUFHLURVFRPRLQWHUORFXWRUHV
&RQVHOKR GR &RPXQLGDGH 6ROLGiULD RUJDQL]DGR FRP R PHVPR SDUDGLJPD GR H[WLQWR
&216($ 6HFUHWDULD ([HFXWLYD 0LQLVWpULRV 6HWRULDLV *RYHUQRV (VWDGXDLV *RYHUQRV
0XQLFLSDLV3(/,$12
2 &RPXQLGDGH 6ROLGiULD QmR GHVHQYROYHX QHQKXPD HVWUXWXUD SDUDOHOD RX SURJUDPD
SUySULR 1D UHDOLGDGH VXD FRQVWLWXLomR SUHWHQGHX LQWHJUDU H DUWLFXODU GLYHUVRV SURJUDPDV GH
GLIHUHQWHVPLQLVWpULRV(GXFDomR6D~GH$JULFXOWXUD7UDEDOKRH3ODQHMDPHQWRHPVHLViUHDV
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
76
GHDWXDomREXVFDQGRQmRHIHWXDUDKDELWXDOUXSWXUDGDVDWLYLGDGHVMiH[LVWHQWHVHPQRPHGD
FRQVWUXomR GH XPD QRYD HVWUXWXUD 6XDV Do}HV VH FRQFHQWUDUDP HP FLQFR SULQFtSLRV EiVLFRV
SDUFHULD VROLGDULHGDGH GHVFHQWUDOL]DomR LQWHJUDomR H FRQYHUJrQFLD GH Do}HV 9(//2=2
8QLUYiULRVSURJUDPDVGHDomRVRFLDOHPXP~QLFRWHFLGRSDUHFHXVHURREMHWLYRPDLRU
GR &RPXQLGDGH 6ROLGiULD TXH LQWHJUD DV Do}HV GH YiULRV PLQLVWpULRV JRYHUQRV HVWDGXDLV H
PXQLFLSDLV HP XPD HPSUHLWDGD SHOR UHVJDWH GRV PHFDQLVPRV GH SURWHomR VRFLDO $ HVVD
LQWHJUDomR FKDPD 9HOOR]R GH IDFHWD PDLV IUiJLO GD HVWUDWpJLD GR &RPXQLGDGH 6ROLGiULD
1HVVH VHQWLGRRDXWRUTXHVWLRQDHVWHSURJUDPDHQWHQGHQGRTXHpQHFHVViULRDYDOLDUHPTXH
PHGLGDDQRomRGHSDUFHULDWHPDVVXPLGRXPSDSHODSHQDVGHFDUiWHUUDFLRQDOL]DGRUGDVDo}HV
QRV PROGHV GR TXH YHP RFRUUHQGR QD iUHD GH VD~GH XPD HVSpFLH GH PXQLFLSDOL]DomR GD
LQWHUYHQomRQDiUHDVRFLDO
(P DQiOLVH VREUH R 352'($ XP GRV SURJUDPDV TXH LQWHJUDUDP R &RPXQLGDGH
6ROLGiULDSXEOLFDGDSRU/$9,1$6HWDODGLVWULEXLomRGHDOLPHQWRVLQQDWXUDUHYHORX
GHILFLrQFLDV QD FRPSOHPHQWDomR GRV UHTXHULPHQWRV FDOyULFRV QHFHVViULRV jV IDPtOLDV HP
VLWXDomR GH ULVFR DOLPHQWDU $LQGD VXJHULD TXH VH D PHVPD TXDQWLGDGH GH UHQGD IRVVH LQWHJUDOPHQWH
WUDQVIHULGD jV IDPtOLDV GH IRUPD GLUHWD HVVDV WHULDP FRPR DGTXLULU PDLV FDORULDV 3RU ILP D FREHUWXUD GR
SURJUDPDPDQWHYHVHEDVWDQWHOLPLWDGDIUHQWHDRSDVVLYRH[LVWHQWH
(VVH PHVPR SURJUDPD IRL FRQVLGHUDGR SRU 3HOLDQR FRPR XP GRV SULQFLSDLV
DYDQoRVGRMiLQVWLWXtGR&RPXQLGDGH6ROLGiULDGRJRYHUQRIHGHUDO$DXWRUDUHVVDOWRXHOHYDGD
FLIUDGHXQLGDGHVGHFHVWDVFRQWHQGRNJGHDOLPHQWRV$WpRILQDOGDTXHOHDQRFHUFDGH
PLOKmR GH FHVWDV IRUDP GLVWULEXtGDV HP FDUiWHU HPHUJHQFLDO SHOD &21$% &RPSDQKLD
1DFLRQDOGH$EDVWHFLPHQWR
5HGXomRGDPRUWDOLGDGHQD,QIkQFLD3URJUDPDGH&RPEDWHj'HVQXWULomR,QIDQWLO´3URJUDPDGR/HLWHµ3URJUDPDVGH
$JHQWHV &RPXQLWiULRV GH 6D~GH 3$&6 3URJUDPD 1DFLRQDO GH ,PXQL]DomR 31, 3URJUDPDV GH 6DQHDPHQWR %iVLFR GD
)XQGDomR 1DFLRQDO GH 6D~GH 6XSOHPHQWDomR $OLPHQWDU 3URJUDPD 1DFLRQDO GH 'LVWULEXLomR (PHUJHQFLDO GH $OLPHQWRV
352'($3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH$OLPHQWDomR(VFRODU31$($SRLRDR(QVLQR)XQGDPHQWDO3URJUDPD&HVWDGH6D~GH
(VFRODU 3URJUDPD 1DFLRQDO GH 7UDQVSRUWH (VFRODU 317( 3URJUDPD 1DFLRQDO GH &HVWD GH 0DWHULDO (VFRODU 317(
3URJUDPDGH(GXFDomR,QIDQWLO3URJUDPD79HVFROD$SRLRj$JULFXOWXUDIDPLOLDU3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH)RUWDOHFLPHQWR
GD $JULFXOWXUD )DPLOLDU 352*(5 3URJUDPD 1DFLRQDO SDUD R 'HVHQYROYLPHQWR GH (QHUJLD QRV (VWDGRV H 0XQLFtSLRV
352'((0*HUDomRGH(PSUHJRH5HQGDH4XDOLILFDomR3URILVVLRQDO3URJUDPDGH*HUDomRGH(PSUHJR352*(5
3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDomR3URILVVLRQDO3/$1)25'HVHQYROYLPHQWR8UEDQR3URJUDPD+DELWDU%UDVLO3URJUDPD
GH$omR6RFLDOHP6DQHDPHQWR3$663(/,$12
1R ILQDO GH R 352'($ DFXVDGR GH XVR HOHLWRUDO IRL H[WLQWR $SHVDU GH WHU VLGR SHQVDGR FRPR XP SURJUDPD
HPHUJHQFLDO VXD JHVWmR H UHVXOWDGRV WDPEpP IRUDP TXHVWLRQDGRV /$9,1$6 HW DO SRUpP D VXD H[WLQomR UHFHEHX
FUtWLFDV UHODFLRQDGDV DR HIHWLYR SHULJR GD QmRVREUHYLYrQFLD GH VHXV yUImRV DR ODGR GH VHX LPSDFWR QHJDWLYR SDUD D SHTXHQD
DJURLQG~VWULD)ROKDGH63DXOR
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
77
2 DWXDO GLDJQyVWLFR QXWULFLRQDO GD SRSXODomR EUDVLOHLUD UHYHOD GH IRUPD GUDPiWLFD D
VLWXDomRGHSUHVHQoDGHGHVQXWULomRHRDXPHQWRVLPXOWkQHRGDSUHYDOrQFLDGRVREUHSHVRHGD
REHVLGDGH GD SRSXODomR EUDVLOHLUD UHVXOWDGR GD WUDQVLomR QXWULFLRQDO YLYHQFLDGD SRU QRVVD
VRFLHGDGH0217(,52HWDO
(VVH QRYR SHUILO QXWULFLRQDO Mi HVWi SDVVDQGR D RFXSDU OXJDU GH GHVWDTXH QR
GLPHQVLRQDPHQWR GDV SROtWLFDV GD iUHD GH VD~GH H QXWULomR 2 0LQLVWpULR GD 6D~GH HP XP
,QIRUPH7pFQLFR,QVWLWXFLRQDOUHODWRXDVVHWHGLUHWUL]HVGD3ROtWLFD1DFLRQDOGH$OLPHQWDomRH
1XWULomR 31$1 XPD GDV TXDLV Mi YROWDGD SDUD D VLWXDomR GH GRHQoDV UHODFLRQDGDV DRV
GLVW~UELRVQXWULFLRQDLV(FRPRHVWUDWpJLDSDUDRDOFDQFHGHVVDHVSHFtILFDGLUHWUL]SUHWHQGHXVH
UHDOL]DU PHGLGDV YROWDGDV j SURPRomR GD VD~GH H DR FRQWUROH GRV GHVYLRV DOLPHQWDUHV H QXWULFLRQDLV SDUD
FRQVWLWXtUHPDVFRQGXWDVPDLVHILFD]HVSDUDSUHYHQLUVXDLQVWDODomRHHYROXomR%5$6,/
)RUDPJDVWRVFRPDVGLUHWUL]HVGHVVD31$1HPFHUFDGHPLOK}HVGHUHDLV
SURPRYHQGRVHPHVPRTXHGHIRUPDSDUFLDODOJXQVUHVXOWDGRVDHODERUDomRGHJXLDVDOLPHQWDUHV
VHJXQGR D GLYHUVLGDGH UHJLRQDO H D SURGXomR GLVWULEXLomR H YHLFXODomR GH PDWHULDO LQIRUPDWLYR VREUH
DOLPHQWDomRDGHTXDGDHSHVRVDXGiYHOGHVWLQDGRjSRSXODomRHPJHUDOHjIRUPDomRGHSURIHVVRUHVGRHQVLQR
EiVLFR%5$6,/
/HDOH%LWWHQFRXUWUHJLVWUDPRIDWRGHTXHDDXVrQFLDGHXPPRQLWRUDPHQWRGR
HVWDGR QXWULFLRQDO GD SRSXODomR EUDVLOHLUD QmR FRQGL] FRP R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR HFRQ{PLFR
DOFDQoDGR SHOR SDtV TXH QHFHVVLWDULD GH XP VLVWHPD GH LQIRUPDomR iJLO H GH TXDOLGDGH SDUD
HVWDUVLVWHPDWLFDPHQWHUHYHQGRDVGLUHWUL]HVGHVXDSROtWLFDGHVD~GHHQXWULomR
1RLQtFLRGRDQRGHRPRPHQWRSROtWLFRQR%UDVLOUHVJDWRXRFRQFHLWRGRGLUHLWR
jDOLPHQWDomRFRPRXPGRVSURFHVVRVOHJDLVIXQGDPHQWDLVSDUDJHUDUFLGDGDQLDHGHPRFUDFLD
GRSRQWRGHYLVWDGD6HJXUDQoD$OLPHQWDUH1XWULFLRQDO%5$6,/
$SyVDVHOHLo}HVJHUDLVGHRJRYHUQRHPVHXSULPHLURSURQXQFLDPHQWRDILUPRX
TXH D SULRULGDGH VHULD D HUUDGLFDomR GD IRPH (P MDQHLUR GH IRL FULDGR R 0LQLVWpULR
([WUDRUGLQiULR GH 6HJXUDQoD $OLPHQWDU H &RPEDWH j )RPH FRP R REMHWLYR GH LPSOHPHQWDU
DOJXPDVGDVDo}HVGHOLQHDGDVQROLYUR8PDSURSRVWDGHSROtWLFDDOLPHQWDUSDUDR%UDVLO352-(72
)20(=(52SDUWHGRSURJUDPDGHJRYHUQR
1RHQWDQWRQRGLDGHMDQHLURGHDFRQWHFHXXPDSULPHLUDUHIRUPDPLQLVWHULDO
8QLUDPVHDVSDVWDVGD6HJXUDQoD$OLPHQWDUFRPDGD$VVLVWrQFLD6RFLDO1ROXJDUGHDPERV
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
78
HQWURX XP QRYR PLQLVWpULR GHQRPLQDGR ´'HVHQYROYLPHQWR 6RFLDO H &RPEDWH j )RPHµ DRV
FXLGDGRV GD HTXLSH GH XP QRYR PLQLVWUR (P DXWRDYDOLDomR R JRYHUQR PHQFLRQRX TXH R
3URMHWR )RPH=HURHVWiSUHVHQWHHPPXQLFtSLRVHDWHQGHD PLOKmRGHIDPtOLDV (
UHODWRX OLPLWDo}HV QD RSHUDFLRQDOL]DomR GRV GLIHUHQWHV DVSHFWRV UHODFLRQDGRV j VXD
LPSOHPHQWDomR$7+,$66&2/(6(
&216,'(5$d¯(6),1$,6
2HVIRUoRSROtWLFRGRDWXDOJRYHUQRHPGDUFHQWUDOLGDGHDXPDSROtWLFDGH6HJXUDQoD
$OLPHQWDU H 1XWULFLRQDO SDUHFH WHU SHUGLGR IRUoD SROtWLFD QD PHGLGD TXH VH XQLUDP GRLV
PLQLVWpULRV IUDFRV GR SRQWR GH YLVWD RUoDPHQWiULR SDUD UHDOL]DU GHVDILRV GREUDGRV (P
SURVVHJXLPHQWR DR SODQHMDGR QR DQWLJR PLQLVWpULR GD 6HJXUDQoD $OLPHQWDU R &216($
MXQWDPHQWHFRPRUHFpPIRUPDGRPLQLVWpULRGR'HVHQYROYLPHQWR6RFLDOH&RPEDWHD)RPH
UHDOL]RXD,,&RQIHUrQFLD1DFLRQDOGH6HJXUDQoD$OLPHQWDUH1XWULFLRQDOHQWUHRVGLDVH
GHPDUoRGHQDFLGDGHGH2OLQGD3((VWLYHUDPSUHVHQWHVFHUFDGHGHOHJDGRVH
REVHUYDGRUHV TXH GLVFXWLUDP GLUHWUL]HV SDUD FRPSRU D QRYD 3ROtWLFD 1DFLRQDO GH 6HJXUDQoD
$OLPHQWDUH1XWULFLRQDO
$DWXDOEXVFDSHODJDUDQWLDGD6HJXUDQoD$OLPHQWDU H1XWULFLRQDOQR %UDVLOGHPRQVWUD R
GHVHMRGHHQFRQWUDUXPPRGHORGHSURWHomRVRFLDOTXHSRVVDGHILQLWLYDPHQWHDVVHJXUDURGLUHLWR
D XPD DOLPHQWDomR VDXGiYHO H FRQVHTHQWHPHQWH R GLUHLWR j HGXFDomR H j VD~GH
/DPHQWDYHOPHQWH DLQGD VH HVWi GLVWDQWH GH XP PRYLPHQWR FRPR R ZHOIDUH VWDWH SRLV DV OXWDV
QDFLRQDLV SHORV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV VmR SRXFR DEUDQJHQWHV HP UHODomR DRFRQMXQWR GH SHVVRDV
GHVIDYRUHFLGDVHPQRVVDSRSXODomR
&RQVLGHUDU DV GHVLJXDOGDGHV VRFLDLV FRPR SRQWR GH SDUWLGD p XUJHQWH DR VH HIHWLYDU D
SROtWLFDGHVHJXUDQoDDOLPHQWDUHQXWULFLRQDO8PDGDVTXHVW}HVFHQWUDLVpDUHGXomRGRSHVRGRV
JDVWRVFRPDOLPHQWDomRGDVIDPtOLDVLQWHJUDQWHVGRVHVWUDWRVLQIHULRUHVGHUHQGD'HVWDFDVHTXHD
HPHUJrQFLDGDIRPHQmRGHYHOHYDUDVHSHUGHUGHYLVWDDLPSRUWkQFLDGDDGHTXDomRjVQHFHVVLGDGHV
QXWULFLRQDLVTXHGHYHPHVWDULQVHULGDVHPXPFRQWH[WRPDLVDPSORGDVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVSDUDR
VHWRU
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
79
2DFHVVRDRVDOLPHQWRVHVWHYHPDLVGLVSRQLELOL]DGRQRSHUtRGRSyVLPSOHPHQWDomRGD
SROtWLFD GD HVWDELOL]DomR WHQGRVH UHGX]LGR QR ILQDO GH 1HVVH PRPHQWR R SHUILO GH
FRQVXPRDOLPHQWDUIRLPDUFDGRSRUXPPDLRUSRGHUGHFRPSUDHSHODGLPLQXLomRGHSUHoRV
GHDOJXQVJrQHURVDOLPHQWtFLRV
,QIHOL]PHQWHQmRVHWHPYDORUL]DGRQDSUiWLFDRPRQLWRUDPHQWRGRHVWDGRQXWULFLRQDO
GH QRVVD SRSXODomR (QWUH DV GLILFXOGDGHV SRGHPRV DLQGD DSRQWDU DV GLIHUHQWHV SROtWLFDV
HVWDGXDLV SDUD D iUHD GH DOLPHQWDomR D DXVrQFLD GH FRUSR WpFQLFR FDSDFLWDGR H HP DOJXQV
HVWDGRV D IDOWD GH SDUFHULD FRP XQLYHUVLGDGHV H LQVWLWXLo}HV GH SHVTXLVDV $OpP GLVVR R
SURFHVVRGHDYDOLDomRGDVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVGHVHJXUDQoDDOLPHQWDUHQXWULFLRQDOpLQVXILFLHQWH
SDUDJHUDUPDWXULGDGHQRSURFHVVRSROtWLFRVHMDHOHPXQLFLSDOHVWDGXDORXIHGHUDO
'HVWDFDVH DLQGDD QHFHVVLGDGH GH XP PDLRU FRQKHFLPHQWR GDV SRSXODo}HVDOYR H D
UHJXODULGDGH GH SHVTXLVDV GH FRQVXPR DOLPHQWDU SDUD TXH VHMDP LPSOHPHQWDGDV SROtWLFDV
S~EOLFDVTXHLQWHJUHPDQRomRGHHTLGDGH2GHVDILRGHVHJXLUUHIOHWLQGRHSURSRQGRIRUPDV
GH LQWHUYHQo}HV QR SODQHMDPHQWR H QD DYDOLDomR GDV SROtWLFDV GH DOLPHQWDomR H QXWULomR VH
FRORFD SDUDOHODPHQWHjVQHFHVVLGDGHVVRFLDLVOLJDGDVjTXDOLGDGHGHYLGDHjPLQLPL]DomRGRV
DJUDYRVUHODFLRQDGRVDRDXPHQWRGDVGRHQoDVFDUrQFLDLVRXFU{QLFDVGHULYDGDVGDHVFDVVH]RX
GRH[FHVVRQXWULFLRQDO
5()(5È1&,$6
$5(//$12 2 / /D SROtWLFD GH VDOXG HQ 0p[LFR XQ HMHPSOR GH OLEHUDOLVPR VRFLDO" ,Q
/$85(// $ & RUJ (VWDGR \ SROtWLFDV VRFLDOHV HQ HO OLEHUDOLVPR 0H[LFR )XQG
)ULHGULFK(EHUW6WLIWXQJ
$55(7&+(076(PHUJrQFLDHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGR:HOIDUH6WDWHWHRULDVH[SOLFDWLYDV
%,%6mR3DXOR$QSRFV
$6&2/,8:HOIDUHVWDWHDOOLLWDOLDQD5RPD/DWHU]D
$7+,$6 : 6&2/(6( ( /XOD DSRQWD HUUR H DWUHOD )RPH =HUR D FUHVFLPHQWR
HFRQ{PLFR)ROKDGH6mR3DXOR6mR3DXORGHIHY
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
80
$85(/,$12/'5$,%(60$HVSHFLILFLGDGHGR:HOIDUH6WDWHEUDVLOHLUR,Q%5$6,/
0LQLVWpULRGD3UHYLGrQFLDH$VVLVWrQFLD6RFLDO&(3$/$SROtWLFDVRFLDOHPWHPSRGHFULVH
DUWLFXODomRLQVWLWXFLRQDOHGHVFHQWUDOL]DomR%UDVtOLD03$6&(3$/
%5$6,/ 0LQLVWpULR GD 6D~GH ,QVWLWXWR 1DFLRQDO GH 1DFLRQDO GH $OLPHQWDomR H 1XWULomR
,1$13HUILOGHFUHVFLPHQWRGDSRSXODomREUDVLOHLUDGHDDQRV3HVTXLVD1DFLRQDO
VREUH6D~GHH1XWULomR%UDVtOLD
BBBBBBBBBBBBB &216(/+2 &2168/7,92 '2 352*5$0$ &2081,'$'(
62/,'É5,$*UXSRGH7UDEDOKR6HJXUDQoD$OLPHQWDU2UoDPHQWR6HJXUDQoD$OLPHQWDU
%UDVtOLDPLPHR
BBBBBBBBBBBBB 0,1,67e5,2 '$ 6$Ó'( 6HFUHWDULD GH 3ROtWLFDV GH 6D~GH 3ROtWLFD
1DFLRQDOGH$OLPHQWDomRH1XWULomRGR6HWRU6D~GH,Q5HYGH6D~GH3~EOLFD6mR3DXOR
YQS
BBBBBBBBBBBBB 0LQLVWpULR GDV 5HODo}HV ([WHULRUHV 6HFUHWiULD GH (VWDGR GRV 'LUHLWRV
+XPDQRV²,QVWLWXWRGH3HVTXLVD(FRQ{PLFD$SOLFDGD$6HJXUDQoDDOLPHQWDUHQXWULFLRQDO
HRGLUHLWRKXPDQRjDOLPHQWDomRQR%UDVLO%UDVtOLD,3($
&$59$/+2 & ( 2 %UDVLO GR 5HDO 6HP ,QIODomR 6HP &UHVFLPHQWR 6HP (PSUHJR
&DGHUQRVGR&($6QS
&$6752-*HRJUDILDGD)RPH5LRGH-DQHLUR*U\SKXV
&<5,//2'66$(6060%5$*$0%7HQGrQFLDVGRFRQVXPRGHDOLPHQWRVHR
3ODQR5HDOXPDDYDOLDomRSDUDDJUDQGH6mR3DXOR3ODQHMDPHQWRHSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVQ
S
',((6($+LVWyULDGR6DOiULR0tQLPR3HVTXLVD',((6(6mR3DXORQS
'5$,%(62:HOIDUH6WDWHQR%UDVLO&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVHSHUVSHFWLYDV&LrQFLDV6RFLDLV+RMH
6mR3DXOR$132&6
(63,1*$1'(56(1 * 7KH WKUHH ZRUOGV RI ZHOIDUH VWDWH 1HZ -HUVH\ 3ULQFHQWRQ
8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
)$9(5(7),/+232/,9(,5$3('52-$XQLYHUVDOL]DomRH[FOXGHQWHUHIOH[}HV
VREUHDVWHQGrQFLDVGRVLVWHPDGHVD~GH5LRGH-DQHLUR8)5-,(,
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
81
)(/,&,(//2 ' *$5&,$ 5:' &LGDGDQLD H 6ROLGDULHGDGH DV Do}HV FRQWUD IRPH H D
PLVpULD5HYLVWD1XWULomR38&&$03YQS
*$/($==, 0$ 6HJXUDQoD $OLPHQWDU H 1XWULFLRQDO (YROXomR &RQFHLWXDO H ,QGLFDGRUHV
$QDLVGD-RUQDGDGH&LrQFLDV1XWULFLRQDLV5LEHLUmR3UHWRS
BBBBBBBBBBBBB RUJ 6HJXUDQoD $OLPHQWDU H &LGDGDQLD $ &RQWULEXLomR GDV
8QLYHUVLGDGHV3DXOLVWDV&DPSLQDV0HUFDGRGDV/HWUDV
*,29$11, *' 6LVWHPDV GH SURWHomR VRFLDO ,Q 2/,9(,5$ 0$ RUJ 5HIRUPD GR
(VWDGRH3ROtWLFDVGH(PSUHJRQR%UDVLO81,&$03,(FS
/
$%%$7( 6 $V 3ROtWLFDV GH $OLPHQWDomR H 1XWULomR QR %UDVLO 3HUtRGR GH D 5HYLVWD1XWULomR38&&$03YQSMXOGH]
/$9,1$6 / 0$1®2 ' *$5&,$ (+$0$5$/05 $FHVVLELOLGDGH DOLPHQWDU H
(VWDELOL]DomRHFRQ{PLFDQR%UDVLOQRVDQRV1RYD(FRQRPLDYQS
/$9,1$6 /%$+,$ 0 0$1®2 0 %,77$5 0*$5&,$ (+ %(=(55$ 5
&RPELQDQGR R &RPSHQVDWyULR H 5HGLVWULEXWLYR R GHVDILR GDV SROtWLFDV VRFLDLV QR %UDVLO
7H[WRSDUD'LVFXVVmR1ž5LRGH-DQHLUR,3($
/($/ &0 %,7(1&2857 6$ ,QIRUPDo}HV 1XWULFLRQDLV 2 TXH VH WHP QR 3DtV"
&DGHUQRVGH6D~GH3~EOLFDYQSMXOVHW
0$/8) 5 &RQVXPR GH $OLPHQWRV QR %UDVLO WUDoRV JHUDLV H Do}HV S~EOLFDV ORFDLV GH
VHJXUDQoD
DOLPHQWDU
3yOLV
3DSHU
'LVSRQtYHO
KWWSZZZSROLVRUJEUSXEOLFDFRHVSDSHUVKWPO!$FHVVRHPDJR
HP
0$77262-$GHVRUGHPGR7UDEDOKR6mR3DXOR(G6FULWWD
0$5,1+2 63 0$57,16,6 3(5(675(=2 -33 2/,9(,5$'& 2EHVLGDGH HP
DGXOWRVGHVHJPHQWRVSDXSHUL]DGRVGDVRFLHGDGH5HYLVWDGH1XWULomRYQS
0('(,526 0 $ WUDMHWyULD GR :HOIDUH 6WDWH QR %UDVLO 3DSHO UHGLVWULEXWLYR GDV SROtWLFDV
VRFLDLVGRVDQRVDRVDQRV7H[WRSDUD'LVFXVVmR1ž5LRGH-DQHLUR,3($
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
82
0217(,52&$HWDO'DGHVQXWULomRSDUDD2EHVLGDGH$WUDQVLomR1XWULFLRQDOQR%UDVLO
LQ9HOKRVH1RYRV0DOHVGD6D~GHQR%UDVLODHYROXomRGRSDtVHGHVXDV6mR3DXOR
+8&,7(&183(16863
0217(,52&$021',1,/&267$5%/0XGDQoDVQDFRPSRVLomRHDGHTXDomR
QXWULFLRQDO GD GLHWD IDPLOLDU QDV iUHDV PHWURSROLWDQDV GR %UDVLO ² 5HYLVWD GH
6D~GH3~EOLFDYQS
125'(5$&$&RQVWUXomRGD6HJXUDQoD$OLPHQWDUHP$VVHQWDPHQWRV5XUDLVTXHVW}HV
FRQWH[WRVHPpWRGRV&DGHUQRVGH'HEDWHY9,S
2/,9(,5$)$(YROXomRGHWHUPLQDQWHVHGLQkPLFDGRJDVWRVRFLDOQR%UDVLO
7H[WRSDUD'LVFXVVmR1ž5LRGH-DQHLUR,3($
3$(6 ( %$5526 5 +(15,48( 5 0(1'2d$ 5 $ HVWDELOLGDGH LQDFHLWiYHO
GHVLJXDOGDGHHSREUH]DQR%UDVLO7H[WRSDUD'LVFXVVmR1ž5LRGH-DQHLUR,3($
3(/,$12 $ 0 2V 3URJUDPDV $OLPHQWDUHV H 1XWULFLRQDLV QR &RQWH[WR GD UHFHVVmR
HFRQ{PLFD LQ &+$+$' -3 &(51,1, RUJ &ULVH H LQIkQFLD QR %UDVLO
6mR3DXOR,QVWLWXWRGH3HVTXLVDV(FRQ{PLFDV
BBBBBBBBBBBBFRRUG20DSDGD)RPH6XEVtGLRVj)RUPXODomRGHXPD3ROtWLFDGH
6HJXUDQoD$OLPHQWDU%UDVtOLD,3($
3(/,$12 $ 0 5(6(1'( / ) / %(*+,1 1 2 &RPXQLGDGH 6ROLGiULD 8PD
(VWUDWpJLD GH &RPEDWH j )RPH H j 3REUH]D 3ODQHMDPHQWR GH 3ROtWLFDV 3~EOLFDV Q
3(5(,5$*6 &$6752 ,55 &RQVLGHUDo}HV VREUH R 3ODQR GH &RPEDWH j )RPH H j
0LVpULD&DGHUQRVGH6D~GH3XEOLFDYVS
3267&/9,&7Ð5$&*%$5526$-'(QWHQGHQGRDEDL[DSUHYDOrQFLDGHGpILFLW
GHSHVRSDUDHVWDWXUDHPFULDQoDVEUDVLOHLUDVGHEDL[RQtYHOVyFLRHFRQ{PLFRFRUUHODomRHQWUH
tQGLFHVDQWURSRPpWULFRV&DGHUQRVGH6D~GH3~EOLFDYQMDQPDUS
352-(72 )20( =(52 8PD SURSRVWD GH SROtWLFD GH VHJXUDQoD DOLPHQWDU SDUD R
%UDVLO6mR3DXOR)XQGDomR'MDOPD*XLPDUmHV
Cadernos de Debate, Vol. XI, 2004
83
52&+$ 6 3REUH]D H GHVLJXDOGDGH QR %UDVLO 2 HVJRWDPHQWR GRV HIHLWRV GLVWULEXWLYRV GR
3ODQR5HDO7H[WRSDUD'LVFXVVmR1ž5LRGH-DQHLUR,3($
6$1726:623ULPHLURDQRGRJRYHUQRGH)HUQDQGR+HQULTXH&DUGRVR&DGHUQRVGH
FRQMXQWXUD5LRGH-DQHLUR,83(5-
6,&+,(5, 5 &$6752 - 0285$ $6 )DWRUHV $VVRFLDGRV DR 3DGUmR GH &RQVXPR
$OLPHQWDUGD3RSXODomR%UDVLOHLUD&DGHUQRVGH6D~GH3~EOLFDQVXSO66
62$5(6 / 7 5 $MXVWH QHROLEHUDO H GHVDMXVWH VRFLDO QD $PpULFD /DWLQD 3HWUySROLV
9R]HV&ODVFR
683/,&< ( 0 5HQGD GH FLGDGDQLD D VDtGD p SHOD SRUWD 6mR 3DXOR &RUWH] 3HUVHX
$EUDPR
7,708665(VVD\VRQWKHZHOIDUHVWDWH/RQGRQ$OOHQ8QZLQ
9$/(17( )/6 'LUHLWR KXPDQR j DOLPHQWDomR 'HVDILRV H FRQTXLVWDV 6mR 3DXOR
&RUWH]
9$13$5,-632TXHpXPDVRFLHGDGHMXVWD"6mR3DXORÉWLFD
BBBBBBBBBB:KDW
VZURQJZLWKDIUHHOXQFK%RVWRQ%HDFRQ3UHVV
9$6&21&(/26)$*$3ROtWLFD6RFLDOGH$OLPHQWDomRH1XWULomRQR%UDVLO$FXPXODomR
GR&DSLWDOH5HSURGXomRGDIRPHGHVQXWULomR6D~GHHP'HEDWHSGH]
9(//2=29&RPXQLGDGH6ROLGiULD+iDOJR1RYRQR5HLQRGDV3ROtWLFDV6RFLDLV"3+<6,6
5HYLVWDGH6D~GH&ROHWLYDYQS
Download

Políticas públicas de alimentação no Brasil