THE FUNDAMENTAL ROLE OF
SCIENCE IN INNOVATION
Brazilian Scenario
Alvaro T. Prata
Secretary for Technology Development and Innovation
MCTI – Federal Government
World Science Forum 2013
Rio de Janeiro, November 26th, 2013
Some Achievements in
Education and Science
Top federal and state universities at international level, plus some
private ones;
Over 14,000 doctoral degrees granted per year;
Strong graduate system with tri-annual evaluation of all study
programs;
Internet platform with all CV’s of scientists and researchers (2.5
millions curricula);
Virtual library of scientific publications (~ 32,000 journals);
Scholarships from “scientific initiation” to post-doc and research;
Strong science and leading position in some sectors as agriculture
and tropical desease.
Good Examples to Follow
Deep sea oil exploration - PETROBRAS;
Agricultural research (orange juice, sugar, soybeans, coffee,
maize, cotton, poultry, beef, pork) - EMBRAPA;
Aircraft design and fabrication – EMBRAER;
Flexible Fuel Vehicle – Ethanol and Gasoline;
Banking Automation – Reliable and Efficient.
General Picture
Brazil has a good Science;
Our Science is “not converted at large” into
Economic and Social Benefits.
Low innovation in many industrial sectors !
Exports and Imports
Brazil – Trade Balance (US$ milhões FOB)
Total
Other Products
Industry
Federal Government Guidelines
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Expand and Strengthen Democracy;
Economic Growth;
Sustainable Development;
Protect the Environment;
Eradicate Poverty and Reduce Inequalities;
Government for All;
Education;
Infrastructure for the Cities;
Universalize Health;
Ensure Security and Fight Crime;
Promote Culture;
National Sovereignty;
13. Place Brazil at the front line of Science and Technology.
National Priorities:
Education
Science
Innovation
Entrepreneurship
Inclusive Growth
Inclusive Growth
Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Development
Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
México (2007)
Argentina (2007)
Chile (2004)
Brasil (2010*)
0,37
0,51
0,68
1,19
1,16
Índia (2005)
África do Sul (2006)
Rússia (2009)
China (2008)
0,61
0,95
1,24
1,54
Italia (2009)
Espanha (2009)
Canadá (2009)
França (2008)
Alemanha (2009)
EUA (2008)
Coréia do Sul (2008)
Japão (2008)
Finlândia (2008)
0,00
* Brazil: estimate for 2010
(2010)
1,27
1,38
1,95
2,11
2,82
2,79
3,36
3,44
3,46
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
Sources: National Main Science and Technology Indicators, 2009/1 - OECD; Brazil: MCT;
Chile and India: World Development Indicators, 2008 - The World Bank
Scientists&Engineers versus R&D Investment
http://battelle.org/docs/default-document-library/2012_global_forecast.pdf
Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Development
Awarded doctoral degrees per million inhabitants:
2006 or most recent year
Argentina (2005)
Chile
México
Brasil (2009)
11,7
18,2
Índia (2005)
África do Sul
China
Rússia
16,4
26,1
58,7
23,0
27,8
242,8
Canadá
Japão
França
Espanha
Itália
Coréia do Sul
Estados Unidos
Alemanha
Finlândia
128,6
136,4
155,1
161,1
165,2
179,9
188,6
302,7
362,8
0
100
200
300
400
Sources: Capes/MEC and IBGE for Brazil; Science and Engineering Indicators – 2010 (data for 2006);
U.S. Census Bureau, International Database
Brazil needs Engineers !
Brazil: 1.95 Engineers per 10 thousand hab.
Decentralizing
Higher, Vocational and Technical Education
Federal Universities:
2002 (•)
2010 (•)
2014 (•) (forecast)
43 main campus
148 campi
59 main campus
274 campi
63 main campus
321 campi
2002
INSTITUTOS FEDERAIS DE
EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E
TECNOLÓGICA
Source: MEC
140 campi
2010
INSTITUTOS FEDERAIS DE
EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E
TECNOLÓGICA
345 campi
2014
INSTITUTOS FEDERAIS DE
EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E
TECNOLÓGICA
(forecast)
362 campi
Plano de Ação 2007 – 2010
Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação para o Desenvolvimento Nacional
INCT – National Institutes of Science and Technology
122
US$ 330 million
FAPs
US$ 116.5 millions
MEC
US$ 0.6 million
CAPES
MS
US$ 16.3 millions
US$ 9.5 millions
BNDES
US$ 12,3 millions
Petrobras
US$ 11.8 millions
CNPq
US$ 60 millions
FNDCT
US$ 103 millions
Plano de Ação 2007 – 2010
Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação para o Desenvolvimento Nacional
Areas of knowledge
Nuclear 2
Antartic and ocean 3
Others 7
6,250 researchers
Energy 7
Biodiversity
Environment 7
Health 39
122
Agriculture 9
Amazon 7
ICTs 7
Engineering, Physics
Math 14
Social Sciences 10
Biotechnology/
Nanotechnology 11
Structuring Initiatives
National Institutes of Science and Technology;
Sciences Without Borders;
Legal Framework for Innovation;
Inova Enterprise.
Some Strategic Instruments
Brazilian Initiative for Nanotechnology;
Brazilian Networks for Technological Services and
Innovation– SIBRATEC;
Incubators and Science Parks;
Brazilian Program for Industrial Research and
Innovation – EMBRAPII.
How to increase innovation in the
Brazilian industry?
An Institution with large capillary all over the country and very
attached to each regional identity.
47 Research Units
16 business offices
9.800 Employees
How to increase innovation in the
Brazilian industry?
The search for a R&D model able to produce productivity impact similar as the one made by
EMBRAPA to our agricultural business was the basic inspiration for EMBRAPII
Production
Increase 250%
Productivity (t/ha)
Area
Increase 32%
Sources: The Economist Sep. 2013, Embrapa and Ministry of Agriculture
INSTRUMENTS TO SUPPORT S,T&I
Credit
Legal/Tax
Incentives
Low interest rates
INNOVATIVE
ENTERPRISE
Grants
Qualified
Personnel
Government
Purchases
Venture
Capital
Some National Networks
20 Unidades de
Pesquisa do MCTI
Redes SIBRATEC de
Centros de
Inovação: 14
Institutos
SENAI de
Tecnologia: 63
1
Redes SIBRATEC de
Extensão
Tecnológica: 22
1
1 1
1
2
1
Institutos
SENAI de
Inovação: 24
1
1
2
3
2
2
Universidades
Federais: 63
Campus: 321
Institutos
Federais:
362 Campus
Redes SIBRATEC de
Serviços
Tecnológicos: 20
CONSECTI
CONFAP
CNI
Institutos Nacionais
de Ciência e
Tecnologia: 126
Incubadoras:: 384
Parques
Tecnológicos: 79
Brazil: Atractive Partner
Move to become the world 5th economy;
Strong investment in education, science and
technology;
Stable economy and democracy;
No internal and external conflicts;
Good university system.
Thank you !