BRAZILIAN INTERNET
GOVERNANCE MODEL
Hartmut Glaser
Executive Coordinator
Brazilian Internet Steering Committee
[email protected]
3
HISTORY
• First Network Connection (Bitnet) => October 88
• Delegation of the “.br” Zone => April 89
• First Internet TCP/IP Connection => January 91
• Definition of the Domain Names Structure => May 91
• Commercial Operation of the Internet => January 95
• Creation of ‘Comitê Gestor da Internet no Brasil’ => May 95
• Automatization of ‘Registro.br’ Services => October 97
• NAP Facilities in São Paulo => November 1997
STATISTICS
Internet Users (%) in Brazil
1990
0,00
1991
0,00
1992
0,01
1993
0,03
1994
0,04
1998
1,51
1999
2,08
2000
2,94
2001
4,66
2002* 2003** 2004**
8,22 12,00 15,00
* Until 2002 – data from UN-Statistics Division
** 2003 and 2004 - estimate
1995
0,11
1996
0,47
1997
0.82
TOTAL HOSTS = 380.000.000
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
.net
.com
.jp
.it
.edu
.nl
.de
.fr
.au
.uk
.ca
.br
.tw
.se
.pl
.us
.be
141.788.322
106.658.870
19.668.895
9.398.958
9.238.213
8.458.045
6.264.784
5.127.240
4.906.182
4.302.225
4.260.553
3.998.966
3.574.416
2.683.229
2.517.280
2.488.667
2.104.966
Networks
Commercial
Japan
Italy
Educational
Netherlands
Germany
France
Australia
United Kingdom
Canada
Brasil (~1,05%)
Taiwan
Sweden
Poland
United States
Belgium
(April/2005)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
TOTAL DOMAIN NAMES = 72.000.000
(Jan 2005)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
.com
.de
.net
.uk
.org
.info
.nl
.biz
.it
.us
36.464.312
8.646.538
5.818.207
4.108.068
3.533.686
3.489.156
1.473.343
1.144.088
1.000.017
919.968
11. .br
768.000
12. .jp
695.358
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
.de
.uk
.nl
.it
.us
8.646.538
4.108.068
1.473.343
1.000.017
919.968
6. .br
768.000 (~1.07%)
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
695.358
593.492
539.244
430.760
366.236
337.708
315.930
.jp
.kr
.ca
.be
.fr
.se
.pl
Top 10 of the ccTLDs are more then 71% of all ccTLDs.
All ccTLDs are more then 36% of the domain name market.
TOTAL DOMAIN NAMES <.br>
Data
Quantidade
01/Jan/1996
730
01/Jan/1997
7.500
01/Jan/1998
26.000
01/Jan/1999
68.000
01/Jan/2000
151.000
01/Jan/2001
360.000
01/Jan/2002
450.000
01/Jan/2003
413.000
01/Jan/2004
01/Jan/2005
540.000
700.000
LEGAL BASIS
1.- Inter-Ministry Resolution - Ministry of Science
and Technology + Ministry of Communication
=> May 31, 1995
- Creates 1st Brazilian Internet Steering Committee - CGIbr
and then modified by
2.- Presidential Decree
=> September 03, 2003
- Establishes the ‘new’ Model of Internet Governance
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
• MULTILATERAL Participation
– Four ‘stakeholder’ groups
• DEMOCRATIC Process
– Elections of the representatives for
the Civil Society
• TRANSPARENCY
– Public consultation throughout the
process
COMPOSITION OF CGI.br
Four stakeholder groups
•
•
•
•
•
Government Sector
Private Sector
Third Sector
Academic Sector
Expert
• Total
9 members
4 members
4 members
3 members
1 member
21 members
ELECTION PROCESS
•
Organizations from the 3 sectors form the respective
constituencies
Private Sector => 4 segments
1.
2.
3.
4.
Telecom Infrastructure Providers
Internet Service Providers
Hardware & Software Industries
General Business Sector Users
•
Organizations from the 3 sectors appoint candidates
•
Elections process in two steps (electronic voting)
during July 2004.
COMITÊ GESTOR DA INTERNET NO BRASIL
GOVERNO
1
2
3
4
5
6
N.S.
7
8
9
10
SOCIEDADE CIVIL
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
01.- Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia
10.- Notório Saber
02.- Ministério das Comunicações
11.- Setor Empresarial - Provedores de
Acesso e Conteúdo
03.- Casa Civil da Presidência da República
04.- Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e
Comércio Exterior
05.- Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e
Gestão
12.- Setor Empresarial - Provedores de InfraEstrutura de Telecomunicações
13.- Setor Empresarial - Bens de Informática,
de Telecomunicações e de Software
14.- Setor Empresarial - Usuários
06.- Ministério da Defesa
07.- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento
Científico e Tecnológico
15.- Terceiro Setor
16.- Terceiro Setor
17.- Terceiro Setor
18.- Terceiro Setor
08.- Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações
09.- Fórum Nacional dos Secretários Estaduais
da Ciência e Tecnologia
20
19.- Setor Acadêmico
20.- Setor Acadêmico
21.- Setor Acadêmico
21
ATTRIBUTIONS
• establish strategic guidelines for the use and
development of the Internet in Brazil;
• establish policy guidelines for the administration of
the ".br" ccTLD (Domain Names and IP numbers);
• propose R&D programs to promote quality and
widespread use of the Internet in Brazil;
• propose regulatory measures concerning the Internet
in Brazil;
• recommend the adoption of technical standards to
promote security and quality of the Internet service
in Brazil;
• take the required measures to guarantee that the
administration of the Internet in Brazil be compatible
with the accepted international practices.
CURRENT WORK
• Technical Committees
–
–
–
–
–
–
Internet Metrics/Indicators/Statistics
Anti SPAM
Internet Global Governance
IP Policy
Strategic Planning
Network Access Points (NAPs)
• Working Groups
– Network Engineering and Operation
– Security and Emergency Response Team
– Human Resources
CREATION OF AN EXECUTIVE ENTITY
– PRIVAT AND NOT-FOR-PROFIT –
TO IMPLEMENT AND TO PROVIDE
SUPPORT FOR ALL CGI.BR PROJECTS
AND DECISIONS
==> NIC.br <==
NIC.br – NÚCLEO DE INFORMAÇÃO
E COORDENAÇÃO DO PONTO BR
(Brazilian Network Information Center)
The 21 Members of CGI.br - COMITÊ GESTOR DA INTERNET NO
BRASIL form the ASSEMBLY of the NÚCLEO DE INFORMAÇÃO
E COORDENAÇÃO DO PONTO BR – NIC.br, a privat not-for-profit
entity.
This ASSEMBLY nominates the ADMINISTRATION COUNCIL of
NIC.br with 7 Members (3 from Government and 4 from Civil
Society).
This Council nominates the EXECUTIVE BOARD which
implements and execute all decisions of CGI.br.
NIC.br – NÚCLEO DE INFORMAÇÃO
E COORDENAÇÃO DO PONTO BR
GOVERNO
1
2
3
4
5
N.S.
6
7
9
9
10
SOCIEDADE CIVIL
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
NIC.br
Administration Council (7)
1234567
Executive
Board (3)
REGISTRO.BR
CERT.br
PROJETOS
PTT, etc.
OUTROS
SERVIÇOS
NIC.br – NÚCLEO DE INFORMAÇÃO
E COORDENAÇÃO DO PONTO BR
SERVICES:
• Registro.br => Domain Names and IPs assignment in Brazil
• CERT.br => Brazilian Computer Emergency Response Team
• PTT.br => NAPs Projects (12 NAPs)
• Events
• LACNIC => NIC.br is the Operational Center for LACNIC
• Statistics
REGISTRO.br
(Registry Services for .br)
CHARACTERISTICS OF “Registro.br”
CGI.br decides the “tree structure” of the
domains under “.br” (SLD).
For each SLD (.com.br, .org.br, .gov.br,
.net.br, .eng.br, adv.br, etc.) apply specific
policies.
The denomination and the quantity of
these SLDs are decided by CGI.br.
STRUCTURE OF <.br>
“Registro.br” demands from the petitioner of a domain
name:
• To live in Brazil (or, to have a legal representative in
the country);
• To adhere to the principles of the registry services;
• To declare that he assumes all responsabilities for
the chosen domain name and for the selected SLD;
• To maintain up-dated all data of the 3 contact
persons - administrative, technical and billing.
STRUCTURE OF <.br>
The domain name must be served minimum
by two DNS - Domain Name Servers.
The complete registration process is done via
WEB, directly by the petitioner, using the URL
=> <http://registro.br>
“Registro.br” is run as a ‘non-for-profit’ entity.
GT-ER => ENGENHARIA E
OPERAÇÃO DE REDES
As atribuições básicas do GT-ER incluem:
• Planejamento da evolução de infra-estrutura e de
serviços Internet no Brasil através de estudos,
recomendações e de propostas de padrões comuns
para protocolos e serviços;
• Recomendação de procedimentos administrativos
para a alocação de endereços IPs e o registro de
domínios para qualquer instituição solicitante no
país;
• Recomendação de normas para a implantação e
operação de Pontos de Troca de Tráfego - PTTs no
Brasil;
• Participação e realização de eventos na área.
GT-S => SEGURANÇA
O GT-S é formado por dois sub-grupos:
backbones => cujo principal objetivo é discutir a
questão da segurança nas redes ligadas à Internet
sob a ótica das redes provedoras de backbone,
e
provedores => com ênfase nos aspectos de
segurança relacionados com as empresas
provedoras de acesso à Internet.
GT-RH => RECURSOS HUMANOS
Criado em 1995, o GT - RH tem a missão de preparar
recursos humanos para apoiar a operação e a
expansão da Internet no Brasil, tanto no que tange
a sua operação, como nos serviços que podem ser
oferecidos através da rede.
Eventos promovidos:
• Cursos à distância sobre Gerência de Rede
OTHER ACTIVITIES OF “NIC.br”
(during 2003/5)
• Mirror of “Root-Server” F
• “Up-grade” of all secondaries DNSs for <.br>
• Instalation of 2 NAPs - PTTMetro/SP and PTTMetro/BSB
• iNOC for all ASs in Brazil (SIP telephones)
• Participation in events:
IETF, NANOG, LACNIC, ICANN, other RIRs, WG = GT-ER, GT-S, GT-RH
• Introduction of IDNA (accents => â, á, à, ê, é, è, í, ô, ó, ú;
cedilha => ç and til => ã, õ)
MoU => NIC.br and LACNIC
“NIC.br” perform services for LACNIC:
• Development and Maintenance of Software
• Collocation/Operation of the Hardware
• Engineering Infrastructure
RELATED WEBSITES
Brazilian Internet Steering Committee (Comitê Gestor
da Internet no Brasil) - CGI.br
=> http://cgi.br
Brazilian Network Information Center (Núcleo de
Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
=> http://nic.br
Domain Name Registry (Registro de Nomes)
=> http://registro.br
Security/Statistics (Segurança/Estatísticas)
=> http://cert.br
NAPS (Pontos de Troca de Tráfego)
=> http://ptt.br
OBRIGADO!
GRACIAS!
THANK YOU!
MERCI!
Hartmut Glaser
[email protected]