Chapter 1 - The Foundations
for a New Kind of Science
Wolfram, Stephen. A New
Kind of Science. Wolfram
Media, Inc. 2002.
www.xiscanoe.org
o livro (2002)...
Three centuries ago science was
transformed by the dramatic new idea that
rules based on mathematical equations
could be used to describe the natural
world.
My purpose in this book is to initiate
another such transformation...
mathematics concepts...
1984... Wolfram!
http://www.sciencetimeline.net/
os porquês... a descoberta...
• I took a sequence of simple programs and
then systematically ran them to see how
they behave. And what I found...
• very simple programs produce great
complexity... as anything I had ever seen!
o princípio...
Principle of Computational Equivalence
that whenever one sees behavior that is not
obviously simple – in essentially any system –
it can be thought of as corresponding to a
computation of equivalent sophistication
a particular system will behave just by running
na experiment and watching what happens
relações com outras áreas
• Matemática
... how small the scope is of what is now
considered Mathematics... and... the core of
this book can be viewed as introducing a
major generalization of mathematics – with
new ideas and methods...
relações com outras áreas
• Física (teoria dos números, cálculo,
probabilidade)
• Biologia (modelagem matemática)
• Ciências Sociais (economia a psicologia)
• Ciência da Computação (complexidade)
• Filosofia (limites do conhecimento, unicidade
da condição humana, matemática)
• Arte (padrões e formas, sons, imagens, ...)
• Tecnologia (suportar a inovação nas áreas
mencionadas)
CA music generator
natural biotic types
Patterns of some
seashells, like the
ones in Conus and
Cymbiola genus, are
generated by natural
CA.
http://www.answers.com/topic/cellular-automaton
arts
iniciativas do passado
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Inteligência Artificial
Vida Artificial
Complexidade Computacional
Catástrofe
Caos
Complexidade
Cibernética
Sistemas Dinâmicos
Evolução
Matemática Experimental
Fractal
Nanotecnologia
Dinâmica Não-Linear
Computação Científica
Mecânica estatística
inquietações em 1974 (fourteen
years old!!)
• What is the fundamental origin of the
complicated patterns that one sees in
turbulent fluids?
• How are the intricate patterns of
snowflakes produced?
• What is the basic mechanism that allows
plants and animals to grow in such
complex ways?
Chapter 2 – The Crucial Experiment
22.000 BC
Arts
Biology
...
Esquistossomose
?????