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LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA - INGLÊS
1ª QUESTÃO
a) Cite os conselhos irônicos que o primeiro pôster dá aos adolescentes que se sentem incomodados pelos
pais.
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b) Explique as duas leituras possíveis do segundo pôster.
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Resolução:
a) O primeiro pôster aconselha que os adolescentes que acham que sabem tudo e que se sentem
atormentados por seus pais saiam de casa, arrumem um emprego e paguem suas próprias contas.
b) 1ª interpretação: “Comprei uma nova prancha de surf para minha esposa – melhor negócio que já fiz.”
2ª interpretação: Troquei minha esposa por uma prancha de surf nova – melhor negócio que já fiz.”
A dupla interpretação é possível devido ao fato de que o termo “trade” pode significar “negócio” ou
“troca”, e “for” pode ser traduzido como “para” ou “por”.
Espera-se que o candidato seja capaz de perceber a ironia e a sutileza dos dois pôsteres.
2ª QUESTÃO
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a) A terceirização de empregos é fonte de preocupação de um dos personagens do cartum. Identifique dois
outros problemas do “mundo real” apontados pelos personagens.
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b) Na quarta fala, a palavra “real” é utilizada como um advérbio para enfatizar a reação do personagem face
aos problemas apontados. Qual é essa reação?
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Resolução:
a) O candidato deve mencionar entre os itens a seguir como problemas do “mundo real” apontados pelos
personagens:
1. o alto custo de moradia;
2. o alto custo da assistência médica;
3. a diminuição das aposentadorias/pensões.
b) O personagem fica muito tentado a continuar na escola para não ter que enfrentar os problemas do
mundo real.
A resposta da letra "a" encontra-se nas falas "1" e "2".
Espera-se que o leitor entenda a frase "I'm real tempted to stay in school."
Texto para as próximas 2 questões:
SCENTS AND SENSIBILITY
Researchers say smells can affect a shopper's behavior. So stores are trying to
cash in on what the nose knows
By Jeremy Caplan
Posted Sunday, Oct. 8, 2006.
http://www.time.com/time/magazine.
The latest technique for putting consumers in a spending mood is to fill the air with a seductive scent.
That's why Select Comfort, a nationwide chain of 400 bedding stores, is in the market for one that will soothe
shoppers browsing for bedding. ScentAir, one of several firms that design scents for retail settings, has
suggested a mix of cashmere wood, amber, cardamom, cinnamon and bergamot. The blend, it says, will
convey quiet repose.
The demand for these olfactory serpresidente vice-presidentes - by stores, hotels, casinos and even
museums - is stimulated by a growing body of research that demonstrates how smells affect consumer
behavior. Advertising studies in Martin Lindstrom's book Brand Sense suggest that although most
contemporary commercial messages are aimed at our eyes, many of the emotion-triggering moments people
remember on a given day are actually prompted by smell. And scents, experiments have shown, can evoke
an array of sensations. Citrus notes, for example, are perceived to be energizing or invigorating, whereas
vanilla can suggest warmth and comfort.
Coming up with just the right aroma is a complex process. For the Westin hotels, ScentAir created a
fragrance that melds green tea, geranium, green ivy, black cedar and freesia to evoke a peaceful aura in the
chain's lobbies. "Tea, the ascendant note, suggests serenity and tranquillity," says ScentAir CEO David Van
Epps. "Black cedar adds body, fullness to the aroma. As for the rest of the tones, each has its own
characteristics, and it's as much an art as a science."
Sony hoped to benefit from both last year when it decided to try to broaden the mix of people
shopping for consumer electronics in its SonyStyle stores to include more women. "Our products are about
seeing and hearing," says the stores' creative director, Christine Belich, referring to Sony's cameras, TVs
and music gear, "so it seemed natural to add smell to create an immersive sensory experience."
Not everyone appreciates retailers' attempts to lead consumers around by the nose. "What might be
delicate and delightful to one person is enough to give the next person a migraine," says Gabrielle Glaser,
author of "The Nose: Profile of Sex, Beauty, and Survival". To Glaser, the idea that Sony would target
women with a smell is patronizing. "It's like 'Oh, Mommy, we understand you.' So condescending!" But
retailers say she misinterprets their intent. "We're not trying to manipulate people", responds Sony's Belich.
"It's subtle, and it's mainly about making sure people have a pleasant experience. "SonyStyle now uses the
scent in each of its 37 stores.
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Other businesses are signing on too, some choosing scents that carry apt connotations for particular
products they want to sell, a technique called billboarding. Bloomingdale's, for instance, billboards the smell
of baby powder in its infant-clothing department, while hints of lilac and coconut waft around the department
store's intimate-apparel and swimsuit displays. One of ScentAir's most popular aromas, freshly baked
chocolate-chip cookies, has been adopted widely by sellers of model houses and real estate agents in North
Carolina to make prospective buyers feel at home the instant they walk in. Upscale ice cream chain Emack &
Bolio's recently adopted a waffle-cone smell to attract patrons to the scoop shop within the Orlando, Fla.,
Hard Rock Hotel, where sales had been flagging. The effect? Ice cream sales shot up more than a third.
ScentAir is now expanding its repertoire by cooking up smells that are meant not to charm but to
repel: last month it re-created the smell of burning electrical wire for a military simulation; earlier, it had
dreamed up dinosaur dung (fecal matter) for a children's museum.The firm is taking its smell sense even
closer to consumers and hoping to cash in on the $8.3 billion Americans already spend annually on air
fresheners, candles and scented plug-ins. In August, ScentAir began offering a small home version of its
smell machine for $30 a month. It comes with scent choices like eucalyptus mint, citrus musk and lavender
with ylang-ylang, a derivative of a south Asian evergreen tree said to have aromatherapeutic benefits.
3ª QUESTÃO
ANSWER IN ENGLISH.
Why are businesses interested in olfactory services?
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Resolução:
Because smells can affect shoppers' behaviour and put them in a spending mood.
4ª QUESTÃO
ANSWER IN ENGLISH.
What does Glaser think about Sony's decision to add smell to their products?
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Resolução:
Glaser says that what might be delicate and delightful to one person is enough to give the next person
a migraine.
Texto para a próxima questão:
BRIBERY
Bribery is the practice of offering a professional, or a person with authority money or other favors in
order to circumvent ethics or other rules in a variety of situations. It is a form of corruption and is generally
illegal, or at least cause for sanctions from one's employer or professional organization. The term corruption
generally refers to bribery.
For example, a motorist may bribe a police officer not to issue a ticket for speeding, a citizen seeking
paperwork or utility line connections may bribe a functionary for faster serpresidente vice-presidente, a
construction company may bribe a civil servant to award a contract, or a narcotics smuggler may bribe a
judge to lessen criminal penalties.
In some cases, the briber holds a powerful role and controls the transaction; in other cases, a bribe
may be effectively extracted from the person paying it.
Expectations of when a monetary transaction is appropriate can also differ: tipping, for example, is
considered bribery in some societies.
The level of non-monetary favors that constitute an incentive to unethical behavior is variable and
may constitute a matter of opinion in a given field:
Music
"Payola" is the commonplace practice where record companies buy air time from radio and television
stations for songs they are promoting.
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Government
A grey area may exist when payments to smooth transactions are made. United States law is
particularly strict in limiting the ability of businesses to pay for the awarding of contracts by foreign
governments; however, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act contains an exception for "grease payments"; very
basically, this allows payments to officials in order to obtain the performance of ministerial acts which they
are legally required to do, but may delay in the absence of such payment. In some countries, this practice is
the norm, often resulting from a developing nation not having the tax structure to pay civil servants an
adequate salary. Nevertheless, most economists regard bribery as a negative practice because it
encourages rent seeking behavior. A state where bribery has become a way of life is a kleptocracy.
Medicine
Pharmaceutical corporations may seek to reward doctors for heavy prescription of their drugs
through gifts. The American Medical Association has published ethical guidelines for gifts from industry
which include the tenet that physicians should not accept gifts if they are given in relation to the physician's
prescribing practices. Doubtful cases include grants for traveling to medical conventions that double as
tourist trips.
Dentists often receive samples of home dental care products such as toothpaste, which are of
negligible value; somewhat ironically, dentists in a television commercial will often state that they get these
samples but pay to use the sponsor's product.
Law
In legal situations, lawyers, judges, and others with power may be subject to bribery or payoff for
making a decision that benefits someone willing to pay for favors. Operation Greylord revealed that bribery
was rampant in the bench and bar community of Chicago in the early 1980s.
Politics
Politicians receive campaign contributions and other payoff from powerful corporations when making
choices in the interests of those corporations, or in anticipation of favorable policy.
Acessado em 03/09/2005 às 10h35min. www.wikipedia.org/wiki/bribery
5ª QUESTÃO
Answer in Portuguese.
Based on the text, what types of bribery have been observed among politicians?
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Resolução:
It has been observed, among politicians, that they receive campaign contributions and other payoff from
powerful corporations when making choices in the interests of those corporations, or in anticipation of
favorable policy.
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