Brazil and the World: Brazil in regional and global history, 1808-2010
Module # 7YYB0002 (Level 7, 20 credits)
Tutor: Leslie Bethell
Classes: Wednesdays 10:00-12:00 in room 2A Chesham Building; tutorials 12:0013:00 some weeks in the same room.
**Please note that, the two last sessions for this class will occur during the same
week on Monday 21 March & Wednesday 23 March. The class on 21 March will
take place in room K0.31**
Email: TBC
Office Hours: TBC
Educational Aims of the Course
Since its independence from Portugal in 1822 Brazil has been seen, by both Brazilians
and outside observers, as destined to become one of the great nations of the world
and to play a major, and generally positive, role not only in regional but also in global
affairs - because of its continental size, its huge natural resources and its people (a
unique mixture of indigenous, Portuguese, African, German, Italian, Japanese,
Syrian-Lebanese, etc), but also because of the absence of significant linguistic,
religious, racial, ethnic and regional divisions and conflicts within Brazil and Brazil's
peaceful relations with its neighbours (at least since the Paraguayan War) and the
rest of the world.
For more than a century and a half Brazil was largely inward looking, concerned
primarily with state building, economic development and the search for national
identity, relatively peripheral in regional affairs, except in the Rio de la Plata, and
despite strong relations with Europe and, after 1889, with the United States in global
affairs. During the last 15-20 years, however, Brazil has for the first time in its
history begun to play a role in both regional and global affairs commensurate with its
size, resources, population, economy and 'soft power (despite the notable absence
of significant ´hard power´). It is now recognised by its neighbours and the rest of the
world as one of the ´emerging powers´ that will play a major part in shaping the 21st
century.
The aim of the course is to enable students to understand Brazil's political,
economic, social and cultural relations with its region (whether defined as the
Western Hemisphere, including the United States, or Latin America, or South
America) and the rest of the world (Britain, Europe, Africa, the 'South') - during the
Empire (1822-89), the first 25 years of the Republic (1889-1914), the period between
the First World War and the Second World War, the Cold War (both under
democracy, 1945-64 and under military dictatorship, 1964-85) and finally the postCold War period.
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The course will be part history of ideas: what Brazilian politicians, policymakers and
intellectuals thought about Brazil's place in the region and the world; part history of
international relations: Brazil’s relations with, and Brazilian policy towards, the
region and the rest of the world.
Learning Outcomes of the Course
On successful completion of this module students will be able to demonstrate
practical and intellectual skill appropriate to a level 7 module and in particular they
will be able to ;
-demonstrate a sound grasp of key issues in Brazilian thinking about, and policy
towards, Europe, the United States, Latin America and the rest of the world, from
independence to the present day
-understand how Brazil has been seen by outsiders at various points in its history
-describe the central goals of Brazilian foreign policy at different phases of the
country’s development
-critically assess the extent to which Brazilians, and the managers of the Brazilian
state, have seen themselves as part of “South America” and/or “Latin America”
-understand which countries Brazilian elites sought to emulate at various points in
Brazilian history
-appreciate the importance to Brazil of relations with Great Britain in the nineteenth
century, and with the United States in the 20th century
-analyze the implications of the increasing presence of Brazilian multinationals in the
global economy
-assess the recent controversies surrounding Brazil’s activist foreign policy
Teaching Arrangements
Teaching will consist of one weekly two-hour seminar held over a single semester. In
most cases the seminar will involve a presentation by the tutor in the first hour,
followed by a variety of interactive formats in the second hour. A one-hour tutorial
may be held on some weeks.
Attendance
Attendance at all class meetings is mandatory, and, in accordance with college
regulation, students may be removed from the program if they do not attend regularly.
Attendance at sessions — whether seminars, tutorials, or screenings — is monitored.
Unavoidable absence must always be explained to the member of staff concerned,
preferably in advance. Of course, you may at times be unwell or otherwise unable to
meet a particular deadline for good reason. You must inform the course tutor at once in
all such cases. If you are absent through illness for more than a week you must provide
a medical certificate as soon as you return. If you fail to attend three or more sessions
in any course without valid excuse, you will be contacted and your absence
investigated.
Assessment
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Student performance will be primarily evaluated through written work: a mid-term
essay of 1,500 words and a final essay of 4,000 words. The work must be submitted
by 5pm on the day of the deadline, in electronic format via KEATS.
In developing both essays students are strongly encouraged to review literature
from complimentary sources (i.e., readings we have not covered in class), and to
meet and discuss your ideas and progress with the tutor/s as you proceed
Assessment will consist of:
A) Questions (titles below) for the first essay (1,500 words) due 5pm
Wednesday 24 February. The essay is weighted at 25% of the module mark
and the pass mark is 50:
Examine Brazil’s commercial and financial relations with Britain in the 19th century
OR Was Brazil part of Britain’s ‘informal empire’ in the 19th century?
Why and how was the Brazilian slave trade abolished?
Why did Brazil go to war with Paraguay in 1864? OR Why did the Paraguayan war
last so long?
Examine the origins and the nature of mass European immigration to Brazil before
the First World War.
What changes were there in Brazilian foreign policy in the transition from Empire to
Republic?
Why did Brazil have a different view of the United States from most of Spanish
America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
Examine Brazil’s view of Pan-Americanism and Brazil’s role in the Pan-American
conferences 1889-1910.
Examine English OR French influence on Brazilian cultural and intellectual life in the
19th century.
B) Questions (titles below) for the second essay (4,000 words) due 5pm Monday
25 April. The essay is weighted at 75% of the module mark and the pass mark
is 50:
What was the impact of the First World War OR the World Depression (1928-33) OR
the Second World War on Brazil?
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Explain the decline of British trade and investment in Brazil in the first half of the
20th century OR Explain the growth of US trade and investment in Brazil in the first
half of the 20th century.
Examine Brazil’s political relations with Argentina 1889-1945 OR 1945-64 OR 196491
To what extent did intellectuals and writers in Spanish America and Brazil think of
Brazil as part of Latin America 1889-1945?
Examine the relations between the Soviet Union and Brazil and the influence of
communism in Brazil 1917-1945
Examine Getúlio Vargas’s policy towards immigration and Brazil’s immigrant/ethnic
communities 1930-45
How far was Brazilian culture ‘Americanised’ during the Second World War?
Examine the impact of the end of the Second World War and the beginning of the
Cold War on political developments in Brazil 1944-8
Compare a política externa independente (1961-4) with Brazil´s ‘Third World’ foreign
policy during the 1970s.
What was the role of the United States in the 1964 golpe in Brazil? OR Examine USBrazilian relations under the military regime (1964-85)
Compare Brazilian foreign policy under the Cardoso and Lula administrations
Assess Brazil’s role in EITHER regional politics OR global politics since the end of the
Cold War.
Course outline
Lecture/seminar I
Introduction
Portuguese America in the Atlantic world, 1500-1808;
The Portuguese court in Brazil, 1808-21;
The Independence of Brazil, 1822-5, in regional and global perspective.
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From Independence to the First World War
Lecture/seminar II
Brazil in the international economy: trade and finance
Brazil´s commercial and financial relations with Great Britain, the rest of Europe
(Portugal, France, Germany, etc.) and the United States. Was Brazil part of Britain´s
´informal empire´?
Lecture/seminar III
(i) International migration to Brazil
The transatlantic slave trade (to abolition in 1850); early European immigration; the
abolition of slavery (1888) and the beginnings of mass European immigration (from
Portugal, Italy, Spain, etc).
(ii) Intellectual and cultural relations with Europe.
Lecture/seminar IV
Brazil, Spanish America and the United States during the Empire (1822-1889)
Wars in the Rio de la Plata: 1825-8, 1851-2, 1864-70 (the Paraguayan War);
Brazil and Pacific republics; Brazil and the United States
Lecture/seminar V
The ´americanization´ of Brazil´s foreign relations during the First Republic (to
1914)
Political relations with the United States; Pan-Americanism and Pan-American
conferences (1889 to 1910); the settlement of Brazil’s frontiers in South America;
rivalry with Argentina; the second Hague peace conference (1907).
The world-views of Nabuco, Rio Branco, Oliveira Lima, etc.
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From First World War to Second World War
Lecture/seminar VI
1914-1929
Brazil and the First World War, Versailles peace conference and League of Nations;
relations with the US and the Spanish American republics; Pan-American
conferences 1923 and 1928.
Brazil in the international economy (trade, loans and direct investment): the United
States replaces Great Britain as Brazil´s principal commercial and financial partner.
Lecture/seminar VII
1930-45
Impact of the World Depression; Brazil’s political and economic relations with
Britain, Germany and the United States; influence of international communism and
fascism.
Brazil and the Second World War – US economic, political, military and cultural
hegemony; peace and the creation of the United Nations.
The Cold War
Lecture/seminar VIII
1945-64
Post-War conjuncture: ´democratisation’ 1945-6 and beginnings of Cold War 1946-8;
relations with the United States; 1950s (foreign policy of Vargas and Kubitschek
administrations); relations with Peron’s Argentina; ISEB and new ideas on Brazil´s
foreign relations; 1961-4 Quadros and Goulart administrations: politica externa
independente.
Lecture/seminar IX
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1964-89
The 1964 golpe and the role of the United States.
Military dictatorship (1964-85): intervention in the Dominican Republic (1965);
relations with the United States, the Spanish South America dictatorships (the ´interAmerican Cold War´) and, under Médici and Geisel, the Third World, especially
Africa.
Rapprochement with Argentina and origins of Mercosul.
Post-Cold War
Lecture/seminar X
Brazil in the post Cold War world (c.1990-2010)
Brazil as an emerging regional power. Mercosul, South America, Latin America;
relations with United States.
Brazil as an emerging global power. Multilateral institutions; the US; Europe; the
‘South’ - Africa, Asia, China.
Brazil in the region and in the world in the 21st century.
SELECT COURSE READING.
General reference:
Leslie Bethell (ed.), Cambridge History of Latin America vols III (1985) & V
(1986)/História da América Latina (EDUSP) vols III (2001) e V (2002), chapters on
Brazil 1808-1930, published separately in Brazil: Empire and Republic (1989).
Leslie Bethell (ed.), Cambridge History of Latin America vol. IX Brazil since 1930
(2008); paperback edition 2015.
Amado Luiz Cervo & Clodoaldo Bueno, História da política exterior do Brasil São
Paulo: Editora Atica, 1992; 3rd ed. revista e ampliada, Editora UnB, 2008; 4th ed.,
2012.
José Vicente Sá Pimenta (org.), Pensamento Diplomático Brasileiro. Formuladores e
Agentes da Política Externa (1750-1964) 3 vols. Brasília: FUNAG, 2013
Rubens Ricupero, ´O Brasil no mundo [1808-1831]´, Leslie Bethell, ‘O Brasil no
mundo [1822-89]’ (English version available), Francisco Doratioto, ‘O Brasil no
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mundo [1889-1930]´, Leiticia Pinheiro, ´O Brasil no mundo [1930-1964]´, Francisco
Carlos Teixeira da Silva, ´O Brasil no mundo [1964-2010]´, in História do Brasil
Nação, Lilia Moritz Schwarcz (org.), vols. I, II, III, IV &V (Madrid: Fundación
MAPFRE and Rio de Janeiro: Editora Objetiva, 2011-14).
Joseph Smith, Brazil and the United States: convergence and divergence (Athens, Ga.
and London: University of Georgia Press, 2010)
Leslie Bethell, ‘O Brasil e a ideia de América Latina em perspectiva histórica’,
Estudos Históricos (CPDOC/FGV), no. 44, (2009), pp. 289-321/‘Brazil and Latin
America’, Journal of Latin American Studies, 42/3, 2010, pp. 457-485.
Seminar I
Leslie Bethell (ed.), Cambridge History of Latin America vols I & II (1984) /História
da América Latina (EDUSP) vol I (1997) & II (1999), chapters on Brazil 1500-1808
published separately in Colonial Brazil (Cambridge, 1987)
A.J R. Russell-Wood, ´The Portuguese Atlantic, 1415-1808´, in Jack P. Greene &
Philip D. Morgan (eds), Atlantic history, A critical appraisal (Oxford, 2009)
Gabriel Paquette, Imperial Portugal in the age of Atlantic revolutions. The LusoBrazilian world c, 1770-1850 (Cambridge, 2013)
Leslie Bethell, ‘The independence of Brazil’, in Cambridge History of Latin America,
vol III (1985)/Brazil: Empire and Republic (1989)
Kenneth Maxwell, ´Why was Brazil different? The contexts of independence´, in
Naked tropics: essays on empires and other rogues (2003)
Seminar II
Alan K Manchester, British preëminence in Brazil, its rise and decline; a study in
European expansion [1933] (New York, 1964).
Richard Graham, Britain and the onset of modernization in Brazil 1850-1914
(Cambridge: 1968).
Leslie Bethell, ‘O Brasil no século XIX: parte do ‘império informal’ britânico?’, in
José Murilo de Carvalho e Adriana Pereira Campos (orgs), Perspectivas da cidadania
no Brasil Império (Rio de Janeiro: Editora Civilização Brasileira, 2011), pp. 15-35.
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Marcelo de Paiva Abreu & Luiz Aranha Correa do Lago, A economia brasileira no
Império 1822-1889, Texto para discussão no. 584, Departamento de Economia, PUCRio, novembro de 2010
Gustavo H. B. Franco & Luiz Aranha Corrêa do Lago, ´O processo econômico´, in
História do Brasil Nação, Lilia Moritz Schwarcz (org.), vol. III A abertura para o
mundo 1889-1930 (Madrid: Fundación MAPFRE and Rio de Janeiro: Editora
Objetiva, 2012).
Nancy Mitchell, ‘Protective imperialism versus Weltpolitik in Brazil. Part One. PanGerman vision and Mahanian response; Part Two. Settlement, trade and opportunity,
International History Review xviii (1996)
Seminar III
Herbert S. Klein, The Atlantic slave trade (Cambridge, 1999; 2nd ed. 2010)
Leslie Bethell, The abolition of the Brazilian slave trade. Britain, Brazil and the Slave
Trade Question 1807-1869 (Cambridge, 1970; Digital paperback reprint, 2008).
Jeffrey Needell, ‘The abolition of the Brazilian slave trade in 1850; historiography,
slave agency and statesmanship’, Journal of Latin American Studies, 32, 2001
Walter Nugent, Crossings. The great transatlantic migration, 1870-1914
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992), chapter 13: Brazil.
Jeffrey Lesser, Immigration, Ethnicity and national identity in Brazil, 1808 to the
present (Cambridge, 2013)
Needell, Jeffrey D. A tropical belle epoque : elite culture and society in turn-of-thecentury
Rio de Janeiro, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1987, chapter 6, pp. 178233.
Seminar IV
Ron Seckinger, The Brazilian Monarchy and the South American republics, 18221831: Diplomacy and state building (Baton Rouge, La, 1984)
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José Vicente Sá Pimenta (org.), Pensamento Diplomático Brasileiro. Formuladores e
Agentes da Política Externa (1750-1964) 2013, vol. I (chapters on V. do Uruguai,
Duarte da Ponte Ribeiro, M de Paraná and V. do Rio Branco)
Gabriela Nunes Ferreira, O Rio da Prata e a consolidação do estado imperial (São
Paulo Hucitec, 2006), capítulo 1, pp. 23-69.
Francisco Doratioto, Maldita guerra: nova história da Guerra do Paraguai (São
Paulo, Companhia das Letras, 2002), ´Conclusões´, pp. 471-85.
Leslie Bethell, The Paraguayan War (1864-1870) London: Institute of Latin
American Studies, 1996
Luis Cláudio Villafane Gomes Santos, O Brasil entre a América e a Europa. O
Império e o interamericanismo (do Congresso do Panamá a Conferencia de
Washington) (São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2003), capítulo 2 ´O império e os
Congressos Interamericanos´, pp 69-107.
Luis Cláudio Villafane Gomes Santos, O Império e as repúblicas do Pacifico. As
relações do Brasil com Chile, Bolívia, Peru, Ecuador e Colômbia (1822-1889)
(Curitiba: Editora UFPR, 2002)
Lawrence F. Hill, Diplomatic relations between the United States and Brazil
[Durham: Duke University Press, 1932] (New York: AMS Press, 1971).
Seminar V
José Vicente Sá Pimenta (org.), Pensamento Diplomático Brasileiro. Formuladores e
Agentes da Política Externa (1750-1964) 2013, vol. II (chapters on Rio Branco,
Nabuco, Rui Barbosa)
Ori Preuss, Bridging the Island. Brazilians´ Views of Spanish America and
Themselves, 1865-1912 Madrid, 2011; ´Brazil into Latin America. The demise of
slavery and monarchy as transnational events´, Luso-Brazilian Review 49/1, 2012.
Leslie Bethell, ‘O Brasil entre Europa, Estados Unidos e América Latina no
pensamento de Joaquim Nabuco, Novos Estudos CEBRAP, no. 88, November 2010
(English translation available).
E. Bradford Burns, The unwritten alliance: Rio-Branco and Brazilian-American
relations (New York: Columbia University Press, 1966).
Leslie Bethell, ‘O Brasil e as Conferências Pan-Americanas’, in Alzira Alves de
Abreu (org.), Dicionároi Histórico-Biográfico da Primeira República (1889-1930) 3
vols. (Rio de Janeiro: CPDOC/FGV, Online) (English translation available)
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Joseph Smith, Unequal giants: diplomatic relations between the United States and
Brazil, 1889-1930 (Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1991); Smith,
Brazil and the United States, 2010, chapters 2 & 3, pp. 30-80.
Synésio Sampaio Góes Filho, ‘Fronteiras: o estilo negociador do Barão do Rio Branco
como paradigma da política exterior do Brasil’ & Clodoaldo Bueno, ‘Rio Branco e o
projeto da América do Sul’, in Carlos Henrique Cardim & João Almino (orgs), Rio
Branco, a América do Sul e a modernização do Brasil (Brasília, 2002).
Carlos Henrique Cardim, A Raiz das Coisas. Rui Barbosa: O Brasil no mundo (Rio de
Janeiro, 2007), pp. 165-184: ´Balança da Segunda Conferência da Paz de Haia´.
Seminar VI
Bill Albert, South America and the First World War. The impact of the war on Brazil,
Argentina, Peru and Chile (Cambridge, 1988), pp. 17-24, 77-94, 130-143.
Francisco Luiz Teixeira Vinhosa, O Brasil e a primeira guerra mundial (Rio de
Janeiro, Editora IHGB, 1990), Parte II ´A participação do Brasil na guerra´, pp. 99183.
Emily S. Rosenberg, World War I and the growth of United States predominance in
Latin America (New York, 1987), chapter III Anglo-American rivalry in Brazil/
´Anglo-American Economic Rivalry in Brazil during World War I´ Diplomatic
History 2/2 1978, pp.131-152.
Olivier Compagnon, O adeus a Europa. A América Latina e a Grande Guerra
(Argentina e Brasil, 1914-1939) Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, 2014
Eugênio Vargas Garcia, O Brasil e a Liga das Nações (1919-1926): vencer ou não
perder Porto Alegre, Editora da Universidade RGS/Brasília, DF: FUNAG, 2000,
capítulo 1, ´O Brasil e o estabelecimento da Liga das Nações´, pp. 27-48.
Eugênio Vargas Garcia, Entre América e Europa: a política externa brasileira na
década de 1920 (Brasília: Editora UnB, 2006), ´Conclusão´, pp. 577-602.
Richard Downes, ‘Autos over rails: how US business supplanted the British in Brazil,
1910-28’, JLAS 24/3, 1992
Seminar VII
José Vicente Sá Pimenta (org.), Pensamento Diplomático Brasileiro. Formuladores e
Agentes da Política Externa (1750-1964) 2013, vol. II (chapter on Afonso Arinos).
Vol. III (chapters on Aranha and Macedo Soares)
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Marcelo de Paiva Abreu, ‘Anglo-Brazilian economic relations and the consolidation
of American pre-eminence in Brazil, 1930-1945’, in Christopher Abel & Colin M.
Lewis (eds), Latin America, economic imperialism and the state: the political
economy of the external connection from independence to the present (London, 1985).
Stanley E. Hilton, Brazil and the great powers, 1930-1939: the politics of trade
rivalry Austin: University of Texas Press, 1975, chapter 1 ´Brazil´s view of the world
crisis´, pp. 3-38, chapter 7 ´Epilog: Brazil and the Great Powers at war´, pp. 212-28.
Stanley E. Hilton, ´Brazilian diplomacy and the Washington-Rio de Janeiro axis
during the World War II era´, Hispanic American Historical Review 59/2, May 1979,
pp. 201-31 and Frank D. McCann, ´Critique`, HAHR 59/4, November 1979, pp. 691700.
Gerson Moura, Relações exteriores do Brasil 1939-50 [1982] (Brasília, 2012), chap.
IV Os anos da guerra.
Eugenio Vargas Garcia, O sexto membro permanente. O Brasil e a criação da ONU
(Rio da Janeiro: Contraponto, 2012), ´Conclusão´, pp. 291-307.
Antonio Pedro Tota, The Seduction of Brazil. The Americanisation of Brazil during
World War II (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2009) [Port. ed. 2000].
Neil Lochery, Brazil. The Fortunes of War. World War II and the making of modern
Brazil New York: Basic Books, 2014
Seminar VIII
Leslie Bethell, ´Brazil´, in Leslie Bethell & Ian Roxborough (eds), Latin America
between the Second World War and the Cold War 1944-1948 (Cambridge, 1992),
Port. ed. 1996.
Gerson Moura, Relações exteriores do Brasil 1939-50 [1982] (Brasília, 2012), chap.
V Os anos pós-guerra (1945-50).
Stanley E. Hilton, "The United States, Brazil, and the Cold War, 1945-1960: End of
the Special Relationship." Journal of American History 68/3, 1981.
Iuri Raymundo Siepe, ‘Peron e a integração latino-americana: o Brasil e a Terceira
Posição peronista (1946-55)’, in Rafael D. Villa & Suzely Kalil (orgs), Ensiaos
latino-americanos de política internacional (São Paulo, 2007).
Christopher Darnton, Rivalry and Alliance Politics in Cold War Latin America
(Baltimore, 2014), chapter 3 Antagonism and Anti-Communism in ArgentineBrazilian Relations.
W. Michael Weis, Cold warriors and coups d’etat: Brazilian- American relations
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1945-1964 (Albuquerque N.M.: University of New Mexico Press, 1993); ´The
twilight of Pan Americanism: the Alliance for Progress, neo-colonialism and nonalignment in Brazil, 1961-4´, International History Review 23/2 2001
Paulo Gilberto Fagundes Vizentini, Relações exteriores do Brasil (1945-1964). O
nacionalismo e a política externa independente (Petrópolis: Vozes, 2004)
James G. Hershberg, ‘The United States, Brazil and the Cuban missile crisis, 1962,
Journal of Cold War Studies, Part I 6/2 (2004), Part II 6/3 (2004); ‘High-spirited
confusion’: Brazil, the 1961 Belgrade Non-Aligned Conference, and the limits of an
‘independent’ foreign policy during the High Cold War’, Cold War History 7/3 2007.
Seminar IX
Carlos Fico, O Grande irmão – da operação Brother Sam aos anos de chumbo. O
governo dos Estados Unidos e a ditadura militar brasileira (Rio de Janeiro: 2008),
capítulo 2, ´João Goulart e a Operação Brother Sam´, pp. 65-123, capítulo 3, ´Os anos
de apoio incondicional´, pp. 127-183.
Williams da Silva Gonçalves and Shiguenoli Miyamoto, ´Os militares na política
externa brasileira: 1964-84´, Estudos Históricos 6/12 1993.
Tanya Harmer, ´Brazil´s Cold War in the Southern Cone, 1970-5´, Cold War History
12/4, 2012; Allende´s Chile and the Inter-American Cold War (Chapel Hill, 2011)
Matias Spektor, Kissinger e o Brasil (Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2009)
Jerry Davila, Hotel Tropico. Brazil and the challenge of African decolonisation 19501980 (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010)
Andrew Hurrell, The Quest for Autonomy: the evolution of Brazil´s role in the
international system, 1964-1985 [Oxford DPhil thesis, 1986] (Brasilia: FUNAG,
2013)
Andrew Hurrell, ‘The international dimensions of democratisation in Latin America:
the case of Brazil’, in Laurence Whitehead (ed.), The international dimension of
democratisation (Oxford, 1996).
Seminar X
Andrew Hurrell, ‘Brazil as a regional great power: a study in ambivalence’, in Iver
Neumann (ed.), Regional great powers in international politics (London 1992)
Maria Regina Soares de Lima & Monica Hirst, ‘Brazil as an intermediate state and
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regional power: action, choice and responsibilities’, International Affairs 82/1, 2006
Sean W. Burges, Brazilian foreign policy after the Cold War Gainesville: University
of Florida Press, 2008
Lael Brainard & Leonardo Martinez-Diaz (eds), Brazil as an economic superpower?
Understanding Brazil’s changing role in the global economy (Washington, D.C.:
Brookings Institution Press, 2009)
Paulo Roberto de Almeida, ‘Lula’s foreign policy: regional and global strategies’, in
Joseph L. Love and Werner Baer, Brazil under Lula (2009)
Andres Malamud, ‘A leader without followers? The growing divergence between the
regional and global performance of Brazilian foreign policy’, Latin American Politics
and Society 53/3 (2011)
Tullo Vigevani & Gabriel Cepaluni, Brazilian Foreign Policy in Changing Times. The
Quest for Autonomy from Sarney to Lula (2012)
Michael Reid, Brazil. The troubled rise of a global power (New Haven & London,
2014)
[ Seminars VII-X
Some general studies of Brazilian foreign policy since 1930:
José Augusto Guilhon Albuquerque (org.), Sessenta anos de política externa
brasileira (1930-1990), 4 vols, 1996-2000.
Paulo Gilberto Fagundes Vizentini, Relações internacionais do Brasil: de Vargas à
Lula (1951-2002) São Paulo, Fundação Pérsio Abramo 2003; 2nd ed. 2005.
Patricía Soares Leite, O Brasil e a cooperação Sul-Sul em três momentos de política
externa [os governos de JQ/JG, Geisel e Lula] (Brasília: Funag, 2011)
Luiz Fernando Ligiero, A autonomia na política externa brasileira – a política
externa independente e o pragmatismo responsável (Brasília: Funag, 2012).
Luis Claúdio Villafañe G. Santos, A América do Sul no discurso diplomático
brasileiro (Brasilia: FUNAG, 2014)
Bernardo Sorj & Sergio Fausto (orgs), Brasil e América do Sul: olhares cruzados
(São Paulo: Instituto FHC, 2012)
NB. Books published by FUNAG are can be freely downloaded.
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