BLUE YOUNG TALENT - BYT
CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINAR DE INVESTIGAÇÃO MARINHA E AMBIENTAL - CIIMAR
PROPOSTA DE PLANO DE ESTÁGIO
A realizar no ano letivo de 2014-2015
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Propostas de Estágio - Programa BYT CIIMAR
Tema
Licenciaturas Admitidas
1
Amino acids as modulators of cell-mediated immune responses.
Biologia, Bioquímica, Ciências do Meio Aquático.
2
Aplicação do quitosano à remediação biológica de poluentes
emergentes.
Química, Bioquímica, Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente e áreas
afins
3
Biodegradation of two widely used fluorinated pesticides with
environmental relevance.
Biologia, Bioquímica, Ciências e Tecnologia do Ambiente e afins.
4
Caracterização do estuário do rio Douro recorrendo a parâmetros ou
variáveis oceanográficas e meteorológicas.
Ciências de Engenharia, Ciências e Tecnologia do Ambiente,
Física, Geologia, Ciências do Meio Aquático
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Caracterização morfo-sedimentar do estuário do Douro com base em
dados de campanhas.
Geologia, Ciências de Engenharia, Ciências e Tecnologia do
Ambiente, Ciências do Ambiente, Física, Ciências do Meio
Aquático
6
Desenvolvimento de ferramentas moleculares eficazes na
identificação de espécies.
Todas as licenciaturas na área das ciências biológicas
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Ecological experimentation: design, collection and analysis of data.
Biologia, Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente
8
Ecological modelling in ecotoxicology.
Biologia, Ciências e Tecnologia do Ambiente e áreas afins.
9
Effect of exogenous enzymes on digestibility and function and
integrity of intestine in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
Ciências do Meio Aquático, Biologia
10
Effects of pharmaceuticals in the gut microbiome of European
Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax).
Biologia, Bioquímica, Ciências do Meio Aquático e afins
11
Elongating at the Sea”: the repertoire of Elovl genes in Metazoans
Biologia, Bioquímica, Ciências do Meio Aquático
12
Guerra biológica: decifrando a genómica de venenos naturais e os
mecanismos de resistência natural a venenos
Biologia, Bioquímica, Ciências dos Computadores e áreas afins
13
Isolation, culturing and chemical exploration of Antarctica
cyanobacteria.
Biologia, Bioquímica, Química, Ciências Farmacêuticas
14
Light Quality Effect on Growth and Bioactive Compounds of Microand Macroalgae.
Biologia, Bioquímica, Ciências do Meio Aquático, Microbiologia,
Ciências Farmacêuticas
15
Molecular mode of Action of Emerging Pollutants.
Biologia, Bioquímica, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Ciências do Meio
Aquático, Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente e áreas afins
16
Parasites of Eledone cirrhosa (Lamarck, 1798) (Cephalopoda:
Octopodidae).
Biologia, Biologia Marinha
17
Potencial dos microrganismos autóctones para a biorremediação de
poluentes emergentes.
Ambiente, Biologia, Bioquímica ou áreas afins
18
Remoção de fármacos em ambientes estuarinos – potencial da
bioremediação.
Química, Bioquímica, Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente e áreas
afins
19
Temporal in and spatial patterns nursery habitat quality for juvenile
flounder.
Biologia, Bioquímica, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ambiente, Ciências
do Meio Aquático
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20
The reproductive effort of Lepeophtheirus pectoralis (Copepoda:
Caligidae).
Biologia, Biologia Marinha
Proposta 1
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Benjamín Costas
GRUPO: Nutrition and Immunobiology
CO-ORIENTADOR(A/CO-SUPERVISOR): Rita Azeredo
GRUPO: Nutrition and Immunobiology
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: CIIMAR
TEMA/Theme: Amino acids as modulators of cell-mediated immune responses
RESUMO/SUMMARY
Emerging evidence shows that many amino acids regulate key metabolic pathways that are crucial, for
instance, to immune responses. In particular, arginine, methionine and tryptophan appear to have
important roles regarding immune modulation. Through the generation of decarboxylated Sadenosylmethionine, methionine is a donor of the methyl group that participates in the methylation of
DNA and proteins, the synthesis of spermidine and spermine, and regulation of gene expression (1).
Serotonin, melatonin and N-acetylserotonin, products of tryptophan catabolism, can enhance host
immunity by inhibiting the production of superoxide, scavenging free radicals and attenuating the
production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (2). Moreover, the immunomodulatory effects that arginine
presents for fish have been already reported (3). The present proposal will focus on the role of key
amino acids in the versatile immune machinery expected to occur in stimulated cells.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
The main goal of this proposal is to provide better understanding and unravel the role of particular
amino acids on immune mechanisms in fish.
In particular it is intended to verify:
1)to what extent arginine, methionine and tryptophan modulate cell-mediated immunity in response
to different stimuli;
2)to assess whether those amino acids can stimulate cell proliferation and improve survival.
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
 Cells isolation and culture.
 Production of macrophage activating factors.
 Cells stimulation with different pathogen associated molecular patterns.
 RNA isolation and quantification, cDNA transcription, PCR, electrophoresis and RT-qPCR.
 Immunological techniques (spectrophotometry, luminescence) to assess functional goals in
stimulated cells.
REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
1. Li P, Yin YL, Li D, Kim SW, Wu GY (2007) Amino acids and immune function. British Journal of
Nutrition 98, 237-252.
2. Perianayagam MC, Oxenkrug GF, Jaber BL (2005) Immune-modulating effects of melatonin, Nacetylserotonin, and N-acetyldopomine. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1053,
386-393.
3. Costas B, Conceição LEC, Dias J, Novoa B, Figueras A, Afonso A (2011) Dietary arginine and
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repeated handling increase disease resistance and modulate innate immune mechanisms of
Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 31, 838-847.
ÁREA CIENTÍFICA: Aquaculture – Fish Immunology
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: Biologia, Bioquímica, Ciências do Meio Aquático.
Proposta 2
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Carlos Rocha Gomes ([email protected])
GRUPO: EcoBioTec
CO-ORIENTADOR(A/CO-SUPERVISOR): Marisa Almeida ([email protected])
GRUPO:EcoBioTec
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: Departamento de Química e Bioquímica da FCUP
TEMA/Theme: Aplicação do quitosano à remediação biológica de poluentes emergentes
RESUMO/SUMMARY
A remediação biológica é considerada uma técnica adequada, e de baixo custo, para a limpeza de
áreas moderadamente contaminadas sendo importante aferir as potencialidades desta técnica para
remoção de poluentes emergentes que afectam diversos ecossistemas. Assim serão realizadas
diversas experiências em que se estudará o efeito da adição de quitosano e/ou derivados na remoção
de diversos poluentes emergentes, como por exemplo fármacos ou nanopartículas metálicas.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
Avaliar as potencialidades da aplicação do quitosano para a remoção de poluentes emergentes em
ambientes estuarinos
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
Para as experiências serão recolhidas diversas amostras em diferentes estuários e serão realizadas
experiências em microcosmos com sedimentos dopados com diferentes fármacos e/ou nanopartículas
metálicas.
Os compostos serão determinados usando técnicas analíticas de cromatografia no caso dos fármacos
ou de espectroscopia de absorção atómica no caso das nanopartículas metálicas
REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
Alysson Lira Angelim et al. ; Journal of Environmental Management, 127 (2013), 10-17
ÁREA CIENTÍFICA: Química Ambiental
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: Química, Bioquímica, Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente e áreas afins
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Proposta 3
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Maria de Fátima Magalhães Carvalho
GRUPO: ECOBIOTEC
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: CIIMAR
TEMA/Theme: Biodegradation of two widely used fluorinated pesticides with environmental relevance
RESUMO/SUMMARY
During the last decades, environmental contamination by fluorinated organic compounds has received
increasing attention because of their several uses (Key et al., 1997). Epoxiconazole and fludioxonil are
two fluorinated fungicides highly used worldwide for the control of several relevant phytopathogenic
diseases. As a result of their intensive agricultural applications, these compounds have been found as
contaminants of water and soils (Berenzen et al., 2005; Bermúdez-Couso et al., 2007). Trace levels of
these compounds have been also detected in effluents of wastewater treatment plants ((Kahle et al.,
2008)). The presence of these compounds in the environment is a subject of increasingly public
concern as there are strong scientific evidences that they produce endocrine disruption effects (Orton
et al., 2011). This proposal intends to investigate the potential of natural microbial communities
derived from different environmental matrices to degrade the target pesticides. The outcomes of this
investigation will allow a better understanding of the fate of these compounds in the environment.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
The specific objectives of this proposal are:
(i) To investigate the biodegradation of epoxiconazole and fludioxonil with microbial cultures obtained
from different environmental matrices, under several growing conditions;
(ii) to investigate the role of alternative carbon sources in the biodegradation of the target pollutants;
(iii) to identify potential dead-end metabolites resultant from biotransformation reactions;
(iv) to identify and characterise microorganisms involved in the degradation processes.
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
A range of environmental samples will be collected from different sources (polluted and non-polluted)
and used as inocula for enrichment experiments. Biodegradation of the target pesticides will be
investigated in batch mode both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Biodegradation will be also
investigated using each pesticide as a sole carbon source and in co-metabolism with a supplementary
carbon source, such as acetate. Biodegradation of the target compounds will be followed using
chromatographic methodologies such as HPLC and GC-MS. Another important indicator of
biodegradation will be fluoride release, which will be analysed by potenciometry, using a fluoride
selective electrode and for epoxiconazole chloride release will be additionally followed through a
colorimetric method. If degradation occurs, microbial consortia will be characterized with molecular
biology techniques. From the degrading consortia, attempts to obtain single degrading isolates will be
made. Analysis of major metabolic intermediates and potential dead-end metabolites will be
conducted with degrading cultures.
REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
1) Berenzen, N, Lentzen-Godding, A, Probst, M, Schultz, H, and Liess, M (2005). A comparison of
predicted and measured levels of runoff-related pesticide concentrations in small lowland streams
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on a landscape level. Chemosphere 58: 683–691.
2) Bermúdez-Couso, A, Arias-Estévez, M, Nóvoa-Muñoz, JC, López-Periago, E, Soto-González, B, and
Simal-Gándara, J (2007). Seasonal distributions of fungicides in soils and sediments of a small river
basin partially devoted to vineyards. Water Research 41: 4515 – 4525.
3) Kahle, M, Buerge, IJ, Hauser, A, Muller, MD, and Poiger, T (2008). Azole fungicides: occurrence and
fate in wastewater and surface waters. Environmental Science & Technology 42: 7193–7200. Key,
BD, Howell, RD, and Criddle, CS (1997). Fluorinated organics in the biosphere. Environmental
Science and Technology 31: 2445-2454.
4) Orton, F, Rosivatz, E, Scholze, M, and Kortenkamp, A (2011). Widely used pesticides with previously
unknown endocrine activity revealed as in vitro antiandrogens. Environmental Health Perspectives
119: 794-800.
ÁREA CIENTÍFICA: Biotecnologia Ambiental
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: Biologia, Bioquímica, Ciências e Tecnologia do Ambiente e afins.
Proposta 4
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Isabel Iglesias Fernández
GRUPO: COD
CO-ORIENTADOR(A/CO-SUPERVISOR): Helena Granja
GRUPO: COD
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: COD - CIIMAR
TEMA/Theme: Caracterização do estuário do rio Douro recorrendo a parâmetros ou variáveis
oceanográficas e meteorológica
RESUMO/SUMMARY
O que se pretende em este projecto é proceder a uma caracterização do estuário do rio Douro
recorrendo a determinados parâmetros ou variáveis oceanográficas e meteorológicas. O aluno
aprenderá as principais técnicas estatísticas utilizadas nas Ciências da Terra de modo a poder fazer
uma análise crítica dos dados disponíveis (dados meteorológicos de diversas fontes, dados de caudal
fluvial e dados de campanhas realizadas no estuário) e assim elaborar uma caracterização do estuário
sob a acção de agentes forçadores tais como vento, marés, correntes, pluviosidade.
Com esta caracterização pretende-se conhecer o comportamento sazonal e identificar eventuais
eventos extremos, como cheias e storm surges.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
Caracterização da meteorologia da área de estudo (vento, precipitação, temperatura, etc).
Estudo das principais características hidrodinâmicas do estuário (correntes, marés, caudais, etc).
Participação em campanhas de amostragem no estuário que eventualmente possam ser realizadas
durante o período de estágio.
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
Análise crítica de artigos científicos para estabelecer o estado da arte.
Utilização de ferramentas estatísticas para análise de dados (meteorológicos, hidrodinâmicos) de
diversas fontes e de campanhas (ADCP’s, CTD’s, drifters, etc).
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Utilização de software científico.
REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
Azevedo, I. C.; Bordalo, A. A. & Duarte, P. M. Influence of river discharge patterns on the
hydrodynamics and potential contaminant dispersion in the Douro estuary (Portugal) Water Research,
2010, 44, 3133-3146
Pinto, J. Influência do Regime de Escoamento Fluvial na Hidrologia e Dinâmica do Estuário do Douro
Universidade de Évora, 2007
Gómez-Gesteira, M.; Gimeno, L.; deCastro, M.; Lorenzo, M. N.; Alvarez, I.; Nieto, R.; Taboada, J. J.;
Crespo, A. J. C.; Ramos, A. M.; Iglesias, I.; Gómez-Gesteira, J. L.; Santo, F. E.; Barriopedro, D. & Trigo, I.
F. The state of climate in NW Iberia Climate Research, 2011, 48, 109-144
Trauth, M. MATLAB Recipes for Earth Sciences, Springer, 2007.
AREA CIENTÍFICA: Oceanografía física
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS:
Licenciatura em Ciências de Engenharia
Licenciatura em Ciências e Tecnologia do Ambiente
Licenciatura em Física
Licenciatura em Geologia
Licenciatura em Ciências do Meio Aquático
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Proposta 5
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Helena Granja
GRUPO: COD
CO-ORIENTADOR(A/CO-SUPERVISOR): Isabel Iglesias Fernández
GRUPO: COD
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: COD – CIIMAR
TEMA/Theme: Caracterização morfo-sedimentar do estuário do Douro com base em dados de
campanhas
RESUMO/SUMMARY
Pretende-se com este projecto proceder a uma caracterização morfo-sedimentar do estuário do
Douro com base em dados de campanhas, relativos a sedimentos em suspensão e carga de fundo, e
em dados de batimetria disponíveis relativos a diferentes períodos, para avaliação de áreas
preferenciais de acumulação e de erosão. Os resultados deste projecto integrarão a base de dados
relativa às campanhas de monitorização do estuário incluídas no ECORISK.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
Caracterização do transporte sedimentar, incluindo os principais modos e direcções de transporte.
Relacionamento do transporte sedimentar com a dinâmica de fluidos (correntes de maré e fluvial).
Identificação das áreas mais susceptíveis à erosão e à acumulação de sedimentos de fundo.
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
Análise crítica de artigos científicos para situar o estado da arte.
Participação em campanhas de amostragem no estuário para recolha de amostras de sedimentos em
suspensão e de fundo. Tratamento laboratorial das amostras de sedimento.
Utilização de software científico.
REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
Fradique, C. and Cascalho, J. Sedimentary processes in Douro Estuary (Portugal). A heavy mineral
study. Thalassas, 2004, 20 (2): 61-68
Ivens Portela, L. Sediment transport and morphodynamics of the Douro River estuary. Geo-Mar Lett
(2008) 28:77–86.
McNally, W. H., Mehta, A. J. Sediment transport in estuaries. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems
(EOLSS), Coastal zones and estuaries, Sediment transport in estuaries. http://www.eolss.net
Pinto, J. Influência do Regime de Escoamento Fluvial na Hidrologia e Dinâmica do Estuário do Douro
Universidade de Évora, 2007
Trauth, M. MATLAB Recipes for Earth Sciences, Springer, 2007.
AREA CIENTÍFICA: Morfodinâmica costeira
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS:
Licenciatura em Geologia
Licenciatura em Ciências de Engenharia
Licenciatura em Ciências e Tecnologia do Ambiente
Licenciatura em Ciências do Ambiente
Licenciatura em Física
Licenciatura em Ciências do Meio Aquático
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Proposta 6
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Filipe Pereira
GRUPO: Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology (BBE)
CO-ORIENTADOR(A)/CO-SUPERVISOR:
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: CIIMAR; laboratório Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology (BBE)
TEMA/Theme: Desenvolvimento de ferramentas moleculares eficazes na identificação de espécies
RESUMO/SUMMARY
A identificação de espécies tem uma grande importância em áreas tão diversas como ecologia,
forense, indústria alimentar, medicina, etc. No entanto, uma correcta identificação é difícil de obter
em amostras degradadas, vestigiais ou com misturas de material biológico de diversas espécies. Neste
estágio iremos desenvolver um kit versátil de diagnóstico molecular para a discriminação dos
principais grupos taxonómicos (filos) e identificação de espécies presentes em amostras degradadas. O
kit incluirá iniciadores de PCR (‘primers’) para a amplificação em simultâneo de várias regiões
genómicas pela técnica da reacção em cadeia da polimerase (multiplex PCR). A identificação dos
grupos taxonómicos será obtida através da análise do tamanho e sequência das regiões-alvo no DNA.
O método será validado em alimentos processados e amostras ambientais degradadas.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
O objectivo principal desta linha de investigação é desenvolver ferramentas moleculares eficazes na
identificação de espécies. Os objectivos específicos deste estágio são:
- Adaptar métodos de extracção de DNA para amostras degradadas;
- Desenvolver um kit de multiplex PCR para a discriminação dos principais grupos taxonómicos;
- Validar o multiplex PCR através da realização de estudos de especificidade, reprodutibilidade e
sensibilidade;
- Testar o kit em amostras ambientais e alimentos processados com misturas de material biológico de
diferentes espécies.
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
Bioinformática:
Recolha de sequências de DNA de bases de dados, alinhamento de sequências de DNA, desenho de
primers, construção de um multiplex PCR.
Genética molecular:
Extracção de DNA de diferentes tipos de materiais biológicos, amplificação de DNA por PCR, separação
de fragmentos de DNA por electroforese de agarose e poliacrilamida, sequenciação de DNA.
REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
Pereira F, Carneiro J, Amorim A. Identification of species with DNA-based technology: current progress
and challenges. Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences. 2008. 2:187-200.
Pereira F, Carneiro J, Matthiesen R, van Asch B, Pinto N, Gusmão L, Amorim A. Identification of species
by multiplex analysis of variable-length sequences. Nucleic Acids Research. 2010. 38 (22): e203.
(mais
referências
e
detalhes
http://fpereira.portugene.com/research3.html)
sobre
esta
investigação
em:
ÁREA CIENTÍFICA: Genética
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: Todas as licenciaturas na área das ciências biológicas
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Proposta 7
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Iacopo Bertocci
GRUPO: Aquatic Ecology and Evolution
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: Viana do Castelo (field), CIIMAR Porto (laboratory)
TEMA/Theme: Ecological experimentation: design, collection and analysis of data
RESUMO/SUMMARY
Ecology is a quantitative, mechanistic and predictive science that is ‘difficult’ compared to other
scientific disciplines as it deals with extremely variable systems. This makes necessary to identify the
appropriate tools to make Ecology more effective in solving practical problems. Understanding basic
ecological processes, in fact, is necessary to predict the effects of anthropogenic disturbances, to
preserve biological diversity and to guarantee sustainable development. Measuring and explaining the
variability inherent in ecological systems is the main challenge of ecological research. Within this
internship, the basic logical and methodological requirements necessary to achieve these objectives
will be presented with reference to basic and real ecological problems and directly involving the
candidate in the field collection of empirical data from a manipulative experiment aimed at examining
the effects of multiple anthropogenic disturbances on rock pool organisms.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
The internship will allow the candidate to get experience in the basic principles of experimental
ecology, including: (1) the quantitative nature of ecology, (2) the importance of logic in designing
ecological studies, (3) the basics of experimental design, (4) some common techniques for the
collection of field data (non-destructive visual sampling procedures), (5) notions on common
procedures for the statistical analysis of data and (6) the interpretation of ecological results.
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
Field work – Non-destructive methods (sampling quadrates) for the estimation of abundance and
diversity of sessile organisms (algae and invertebrates)
Lab work – Front lectures on principles of experimental design, basic analysis of data through
multivariate (multivariate analysis of variance based on permutations: PERMANOVA) and univariate
(analysis of variance: ANOVA) techniques.
REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
Underwood A.J. (1997). Experiments in ecology: their logical design and interpretation using analysis
of variance. Cambridge University Press.
Quinn J., Keough M. (2002). Experimental design and data analysis for biologists. Cambridge University
Press.
Relevant ecological literature may be suggested throughout the internship, depending on the specific
addressed issues.
ÁREA CIENTÍFICA: Ecology – Biology – Environmental Sciences
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: Biology – Environmental Science and Technology
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Proposta 8
ORIENTADORA/SUPERVISOR: Dourtora Carmen Barrena de los Santos
GRUPO: Endocrine Disruptors and Emergent Contaminants
CO-ORIENTADOR/CO-SUPERVISOR: Doutor Miguel M. Santos
GRUPO: Endocrine Disruptors and Emergent Contaminants
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research.
TEMA/Theme: Ecological modelling in ecotoxicology
RESUMO/SUMMARY
The high proportion of shipping of chemical substances is increasing the risk of accidental spillage and
the consequent impacts on marine ecosystems (French McCay et al. 2006). Among those chemicals,
Hazardous and Noxious Substance (HNS) are substances other than oil which, if introduced into the
marine environment, are likely to create hazards to human health, to harm living resources and other
marine life, to damage amenities and/or to interfere with other legitimate uses of the sea (IMO 2000).
However, their toxicity and ecological impacts on marine organisms are poorly known, making it
difficult to predict the effects on marine ecosystems (Neuparth et al. 2011). Assessing the impact of
exposure to HNS requires analytical and modelling tools to examine the biological and ecological
effects of single compounds on sentinel organisms (Manahan 2010). Traditionally, the acute/chronic
ecotoxicity of a pollutant is assessed in bioassays where organisms are exposed to a concentration
range of the pollutant, and threshold effect levels are determined for model test organisms and
endpoints in terms of reproduction, survival or growth (Rand 1995). The challenge at this point is to
extrapolate the results at the individual level to ecological relevant levels, such as populations, and
after that, integrate population and food web models to assess effects on ecosystems. A precursor
step in developing ecotoxicology algorithms for ecosystem modelling systems is gathering data on
endpoints for different species.
The candidate will participate in achieving the objectives of the project “ECORISK: Ecological Risk
Assessment of Oils and Hazardous and Noxious Substances Spills in the NW Portuguese Coast and
Douro and Minho Rivers estuaries”. More specifically, he/she will participate in the design and
implementation of ecological models as a basis to extrapolate effects of environmental stress at the
individual level to relevant organization levels in ecological risk assessments. The model will be
founded on ecotoxicological data collected from literature search and experimental work.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
 Assess effects of pollutants on marine organisms through ecotoxicology bioassays.
 Implementation of ecological models applied to ecotoxicological data.
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REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
French-McCay, D. P., Whittier, N., Ward, M., and Santos, C. (2006). Spill hazard evaluation for
chemicals shipped in bulk using modeling. Environmental Modelling and Software, 21(2):156–169.
IMO – International Maritime Organisation, 2000. Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Cooperation to Pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances (OPRC-HNS Protocol).
Manahan, S. E. (2010). Environmental chemistry. CRC press.
Neuparth, T., Moreira, S., Santos, M., and Reis-Henriques, M. (2011). Hazardous and Noxious
Substances (HNS) in the marine environment: Prioritizing HNS that pose major risk in a European
context. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(1):21–28.
Rand, G. M. (1995). Fundamentals of aquatic toxicology: effects, environmental fate and risk
assessment. CRC Press.
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ÁREA CIENTÍFICA: Ecotoxicology and Marine Ecology.
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: Licenciatura em Biologia, Licenciatura em Ciências e Tecnologia do Ambiente e áreas
afins.
Proposta 9
Estágio patrocinado por:
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Helena Peres
GRUPO: Fish Nutrition & Immunobiology Group
CO-ORIENTADOR(A/CO-SUPERVISOR): Aires Oliva- Teles
GRUPO: Fish Nutrition & Immunobiology Group
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: FCUP e CIIMAR
TEMA/Theme: Effect of exogenous enzymes on digestibility and function and integrity of intestine in
turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
RESUMO/SUMMARY
Intensive production of marine fish is still heavily dependent on diets including high levels of highquality fishmeal (FM) to meet their protein requirements. However, due to the increased demand,
decreased availability, raising costs and the potential presence of organic and inorganic contaminants
in FM, it is of economic and environmental utmost importance to replace or at least decrease diet
dependency of FM, by replacing it with more sustainable and renewable protein sources, such as plant
feedstuffs.
Plant proteins, because of their availability and low cost, are promising alternative protein sources in
aquafeeds. However, high dietary levels of plant feedstuffs usually results in decreased performance
and digestive disorders due to the reduction of feed consumption, essential amino acid deficiency,
high levels of fibre and non-starch polysaccharides, presence of antinutritional factors and indigestible
components. Supplementation of deficient amino acids with crystalline amino acids, exogenous
enzymes and palatability enhancers have shown to increase feed consumption, and improve the
nutritional value of plant proteins.
Exogenous enzymes supplements may be of particular importance for carnivorous fish as it may
improve the digestive utilization and alleviate the usual digestive disorders associated to the use of
plant ingredients in diet formulation.
Turbot, a very high market value species, is one of the major marine fish cultured in the
Mediterranean countries and its production is increasing in Portugal and within UE. However, due to
its carnivorous feeding habits and high protein requirement the dietary inclusion of plant feedstuffs is
still limited to high protein plant feedstuffs, such as gluten. Thus it is important to develop strategies
to alleviate the limitations of using plant ingredients in aquafeeds for this species.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
The overall objective of this project is optimize feed formulation for turbot (Scophthalmus maximus),
integrating high levels of plant protein associated with specific supplements, including exogenous
enzymes complex. A multidisciplinary approach, using multiple criteria and methodologies, will be
used to assess the effects of such diets on performance, digestibility, digestive function and capacity,
12
morphological and physiological integrity and microbiota of gastrointestinal tube.
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
A digestibility trial will be performed with turbot juveniles for determining the apparent digestibility of
plant based diets supplemented or non-supplemented with exogenous enzymes. The digestibility trial
will be run at the Marine Zoology Station in a recirculation water system equipped with tanks and
feces sedimentation columns designed according to the Guelph system. Apparent digestibility
coefficients will be estimated by an indirect method, using chromium oxide as external marker.
Four experimental plant-based diets will be formulated supplemented. Proper dietary
supplementation with commercially available essential AA will be done, if necessary, to adjust the diet
EAA profile according to Peres and Oliva-Teles (2008). Three of these diets will be supplemented with
different commercial available exogenous enzyme complex’s including proteases, non-starch
polysaccharidases and phytases. Each diet will be tested in triplicated.
During this trial a representation sample of feces will be collected to determine the apparent
digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, protein, lipids, phosphorus and energy of the
experimental diets.
At the end of the trial intestinal gut of 3 fish per tank will be samples and divided into 3 portions:
pyloric caeca, anterior and posterior intestine to measure digestive enzymes activity, namely trypsin,
quiomotrypsin, total protease, lipase, amylase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine-alanine peptidase,
according to Castro et al. (2013). A small portion of each section will be collected for histological
following standard histological techniques according to Enes et al. (2012).
The intestinal gut of another 3 fish per tank will be sampled for the profiling of gut microbial
communities, including the characterization of population structure, density and dynamics of each
experimental diet and across the ecological gradient of the gut. This analysis will also allow to identity
the climax gut microbial OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units). This will be carried out by mutation
analysis techniques of the 16S rDNA gene (DGGE - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis or TGGE temperature gradient gel electrophoresis, reviewed by Albuquerque et al. 2009).
REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
 Albuquerque P, Mendes MV, Santos CL, Moradas-Ferreira P, & Tavares F. (2009) DNA signaturebased approaches for bacterial detection and identification. Sci. Total Environ. 407: 3641-3651.
 Castro, C., Perez-Jimenez, A., Coutinho, F., Pousao-Ferreira, P., Brandao, T. M., Oliva-Teles, A., &
Peres, H. (2013). Digestive enzymes of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) and white seabream (Diplodus
sargus). Effects of dietary brewer's spent yeast supplementation. Aquaculture, 416, 322-327.
 Enes, P., Perez-Jimenez, A., Peres, H., Couto, A., Pousao-Ferreira, P., & Oliva-Teles, A. (2012).
Oxidative status and gut morphology of white sea bream, Diplodus sargus fed soluble non-starch
polysaccharide supplemented diets. Aquaculture, 358, 79-84.
 Peres, H., & Oliva-Teles, A. (2008). Lysine requirement and efficiency of lysine utilization in turbot
(Scophthalmus maximus) juveniles. Aquaculture, 275(1-4), 283-290.
ÁREA CIENTÍFICA: Aquaculture - Fish Nutrition
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: Ciências do Meio Aquático & Biologia
13
Proposta 10
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Marta Ferreira
GRUPO: Letox – Group of Environmental Toxicology
CO-ORIENTADOR(A/CO-SUPERVISOR): Catarina Magalhães
GRUPO: ECOBIOTEC - Bioremediation and Ecosystems Functioning
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: Letox
TEMA/Theme: Effects of pharmaceuticals in the gut microbiome of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus
labrax)
RESUMO/SUMMARY
Exposure to anthropogenic compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, have been implicated in the
disruption of several physiological mechanisms in aquatic species. Pharmaceuticals primarily enter the
environment via the discharge of raw and treated sewage, consequently impacting aquatic
ecosystems and fish inhabiting those systems (1). Psychopharmaceuticals (PP) target the central
nervous systems, and chronic exposure to PP has been suspected to affect all endocrine systems
including behaviour, growth, stress, reproduction and immune system, thereby impeding fitness and
survival on a population scale (2). Indigenous microbiome play a critical role in the lives of their
vertebrate hosts, and the link between these microbes and the host health is currently the focus of a
growing number of investigations, revealing a key contribution of the microbiota to the host
physiology and disease predisposition (3). While fish microbiota is now understood as the first barrier
against pathogens, and the immune system and commensal microbiome are thought to be an
integrative defence system, teleost microbiome research is well behind the one in human and mouse
models (4).
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
Considering that microbiome is an integrate part of the defense system and that PP exposure disrupt
the immune system, the main goal of this project is to evaluate the effects of Psychopharmaceuticals
on european seabass microbiome at the diversity level.
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
Seabass will be chronically exposed (21 days) to a selected psychopharmaceutical with a 7 days
recovery period in a flow-through system with artificial seawater.
Gut (with contents) will be sampled in different time periods for total DNA extraction and sequencing
to assess shifts into the diversity of the host microbiota. Sequence analyses will be performed by
using illumina technology and the primer set 515F-806R in order to cover both Bacteria and Archaea
communities. Bioinformatic tools will be apply to analyse all the data generated from next generation
sequencing.
REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
1) Fent, K., A.A. Weston, and D. Caminada, 2006. Ecotoxicology of human pharmaceuticals. Aquatic
Toxicology, 76(2): p. 122-159.
2) Kreke, N. and D.R. Dietrich, 2008. Physiological endpoints for potential SSRI interactions in fish.
Critical Reviews in Toxicology 38(3): p. 215-247.
3) Huttenhower C., D. Gevers, R. Knight, S. Abubucker, J.H. Badger, A.T. Chinwalla, H.H. Creasy, A.M.
Earl, et al., 2012. Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome, Nature 486: p.
207-2014
14
4) Llewellyn, M., Boutin, S., Hoseinifar, S.H., Derome, N., 2014. Teleost microbiomes: progress towards
their characterisation, manipulation and applications in aquaculture and fisheries. Frontiers in
Microbiology.5:207. doi:10.3389/fmcb.2014.00207
ÁREA CIENTÍFICA: Ecotoxicologia, Microbiologia, Bioinformática
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: Biologia, Bioquímica, Ciências do Meio Aquático e afins
Proposta 11
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Filipe Castro
GRUPO: Animal Genetics and Evolution
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: CIIMAR/ TEMA
TEMA/Theme: “Elongating at the Sea”: the repertoire of Elovl genes in Metazoans
RESUMO/SUMMARY
A central question in evolutionary genomics is how morphological and physiological diversity between
taxa arises from differences in gene repertoire. The extraordinary number of full genome sequences
currently available, offers a unique opportunity to investigate the evolution of complex gene networks
such as the pathway controlling fatty acid biosynthesis. Fatty acids (FA), participate in fundamental
physiological processes such as energy storage, biomembrane composition and signaling cascades.
The pathway leading to synthesis of saturated, and long chain polyunsaturated FA (PUFAs) depends on
the complex action of two sets of enzymes: Desaturases and Elongases.
FA research is a thriving field, namely that focused on human health/aquaculture. Nevertheless,
surprisingly little is known regarding elongase diversity and function in most metazoan lineages
(molluscs, sponges, annelids), even though many are commercially explored. Here will focus on
Elongases (Elovl), crucially important for PUFA metabolism. The discovery of alternative FA
biosynthetic pathways, new gene isoforms or previously unknown gene families might prove of
significant value for other fields including animal nutrition and aquaculture.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
To determine the evolutionary history, i.e. gene duplication timings and processes (contribution of
genome vs
tandem duplications), infer patterns of loss, determine gene functions in various metazoan lineages of
gene
families involved in FA biosynthesis. This will include FA elongation gene families (Elovl1, Elovl2, Elovl3,
Elovl4, Elovl5, Elovl5, Elovl6, Elovl7).
REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
1) Diversity and history of the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (Acsl) gene family in vertebrates.
Lopes-Marques M, Cunha I, Reis-Henriques MA, Santos MM, Castro LF. BMC Evol Biol. 2013 Dec
12;13:271. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-271.
2)Functional desaturase Fads1 (Δ5) and Fads2 (Δ6) orthologues evolved before the origin of jawed
vertebrates. Castro LF, Monroig Ó, Leaver
MJ, Wilson J, Cunha I, Tocher DR. PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e31950.
3) Vertebrate fatty acyl desaturase with Δ4 activity. Li Y, Monroig O, Zhang L, Wang S, Zheng X, Dick JR,
You C, Tocher DR.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Sep 28;107(39):16840-5.
15
ÁREA CIENTÍFICA: Ciências Biológicas/Aquacultura/Evolução
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: Biologia, Bioquímica, Ciências do Meio Aquático
Proposta 12
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Agostinho Antunes (Investigador CIIMAR e Professor Convidado FCUP)
GRUPO: Genómica Evolutiva
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: CIIMAR
Tema/Theme: Guerra biológica: decifrando a genómica de venenos naturais e os mecanismos de
resistência natural a venenos
RESUMO/SUMMARY
Famílias de genes que codificam proteínas e péptidos com atividade tóxica são
sintetizados por vários animais, incluindo medusas, gastrópodes marinhos, peixes,
cobras
e mesmo
mamíferos.
A prospeção de
toxinas
tem-­­se
focado
mais
recentemente em venenos de cobras, um campo de investigação promissor que
resultou na descoberta de importantes drogas para o tratamento do cancro.
Contudo, outros grupos de vertebrados (p.ex. peixes) e invertebrados (p.e.x. cnidários)
possuem milhares de espécies venenosas, representando um inexplorado recurso para
a caracterização genómica de genes que codificam venenos naturais. Compreender a
base genética da diversificação de genes codificadores de venenos em vários
vertebrados e invertebrados pode fornecer importante informação para compreender
a evolução de espécies, especialização ecológica, e novidades genéticas que poderão
ser de elevada importância para a investigação biomédica e evolutiva.
Contrastando com o sucesso evolutivo dos compostos venenosos, algumas espécies de
metazoários adquiriram naturalmente resistência ao efeito dos venenos. Os mecanismos
moleculares responsáveis por essa resistência natural encontram-­­se ainda pouco
caracterizados. Adicionalmente, os animais venosos estão protegidos dos seus próprios
venenos. A caracterização e compreensão desses mecanismos de resistência natural aos
venenos pode fornecer informação valiosa para o desenho de novos e mais
eficientes
antídotos,
que
será
de
grande
importância
para
a
investigação
farmacêutica e a saúde humana. Essas toxinas, ligeiramente modificadas ou em
diferentes doses, podem também ter importantes propriedades biomédicas em alguns
organismos.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
Neste contexto, propomos um projeto de sequenciação genómica para caracterizar:
(1) genes codificadores de venenos em diversas espécies de metazoários, e (2)
genes de resistência a venenos em metazoários naturalmente resistentes ao efeitos do
veneno. Especificamente, este estudo vai considerar mamíferos, répteis e peixes
(vertebrados) e moluscos e cnidários (invertebrados), mas outras espécies de
metazoários serão também considerados para análises filogenéticas e de genómica
comparativa. A estratégia proposta neste estudo baseia-­­se em análises comparativas
da genómica/proteómica de genes codificadores de venenos em espécies influenciadas
por diferentes pressões seletivas (distintas condições de habitat e alimentação), que
produzem venenos para matar ou imobilizar as presas, ou para defesa contra
16
predadores. Serão ainda efetuadas análises genómicas/proteómicas de genes candidatos
de resistência-­­a-­­venenos em metazoários que naturalmente adquiriram resistência ao
efeito dos venenos, porque se especializaram em alimentar-­­se de presas venenosas
ou porque estabeleceram relações simbióticas com animais venenosos. Esta estratégia
irá
permitir
estudar:
(1)
a
diversificação
de
genes
codificadores
de
venenos/resistência a venenos em vários organismos (vertebrados e invertebrados), e (2)
serão comparados eventos de evolução paralela ou adaptativa de genes codificadores
de venenos/resistência a venenos em diferentes ramos da árvore filogenética dos
metazoários.
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
Esta estratégia irá permitir identificar substituições sinónimas (silenciosas) e não-­­
sinónimas (substituições aminoacídicas) para testar evidências de seleção a nível
molecular utilizando testes estatísticos robustos. Interações funcionais importantes em
sistemas enzimáticos (complexo recetor ligando) e interações proteína-­­proteína serão
estudados em detalhe atómico utilizando técnicas computacionais. A integração final
destes resultados irá permitir a simulação computacional de vários aspetos das
complexas interações biológicas que influenciam a evolução dos venenos, que
poderão ser validados através de testes funcionais experimentais com proteínas
recombinantes. O significado evolutivo de determinadas mutações poderá ser de
particular interesse para a saúde humana e investigação farmacêutica, nomeadamente
para produção de antídotos mais eficientes. Finalmente, os dados obtidos serão
também utilizados para reanalisar a história evolutiva e as relações filogenéticas das
espécies venenosas estudadas, o que poderá fornecer informação importante para
compreender a recente expansão de espécies tóxicas em vários ecossistemas (p.ex.
blooms de medusas, lesmas marinhas) provavelmente como resultado de alterações
ambientais induzidas pelo homem ou pelo aquecimento global.
Tarefas a desempenhar pelo estudante que se integrará na equipa deste projeto de
investigação (PTDC/AAC-­­AMB/121301/2010) financiado pela FCT (2013 a 2015): Análise
laboratorial e bioinformática de genes codificadores de venenos em metazoários
(vertebrados e invertebrados). O trabalho experimental incluirá a recolha de
organismos e extração de DNA/RNA, PCR, sequenciação e outras metodologias de
genómica
molecular.
Interpretação
dos
resultados
obtidos
utilizando
métodos
filogenéticos e de adaptação molecular. Participação na elaboração de manuscritos.
REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
SUNAGAR K, JOHNSON WE, O’BRIEN SJ, VASCONCELOS V, ANTUNES A. (2012)
Evolution of CRISPs associated with toxicoferan-­­reptilian venom and
mammalian reproduction. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29(7): 1807-­­1822. (Factor
de impacto: 5.510).
FRAZÃO B, VASCONCELOS V, ANTUNES A. (2012) Sea anemone (Cnidaria, Anthozoa,
Actiniaria) toxins -­­ an overview. Marine Drugs 10, 1812-­­1851. (Factor de impacto:
3.854).
BRUST A, SUNAGAR K, UNDHEIM EA, VETTER I, YANG D, CASEWELL NR, RUDER T,
JACKSON TN, KOLUDAROV I, ALEWOOD PF, HODGSON WC, LEWIS RJ, KING GF,
ANTUNES A, HENDRIKX I, FRY BG (2013) Differential evolution of domains:
comparative evolution of Psammophis and Echis snake venom metalloproteinases
(SVMP). Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 12(3):651-­­663 (Factor de impacto: 7.398).
SUNAGAR K, FRY B, JACKSON TNW, CASEWELL NR, UNDHEIM EAB, VIDAL N, ALI
SA, KING GF, VASUDEVAN K, VASCONCELOS V, ANTUNES A (2013) Molecular
evolution of vertebrate neurotrophins: Co-­­option of the highly conserved nerve
17
growth factor gene into the advanced snake venom arsenal. PLoS One 8(11):e81827
(Factor de impacto: 4.092).
DUTERTRE S, JIN A, VETTER I, HAMILTON B, SUNAGAR K, LAVERGNE V, DUTERTRE
V, FRY BG, ANTUNES A, VENTER D, ALEWOOD P, LEWIS R (2014) Evolution of
separate predation-­­ and defence-­­evoked venoms in carnivorous snails. Nature
communications 5:3521. (Factor de impacto: 10.015).
Outros trabalhos do grupo publicados:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Agostinho+Antunes Referências na comunicação
social:
http://www.tvi24.iol.pt/503/tecnologia/caracol-­­veneno-­­ciencia-­­caracol-­­marinho-­­dor-­­cronica­­tvi24/1548668-­­4069.html
http://www.jn.pt/paginainicial/interior.aspx?content_id=2622856#AreaComentarios
ÁREA CIENTÍFICA: Genómica, Genética, Evolução Molecular, Bioinformática.
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: Biologia, Bioquímica, Ciências dos Computadores. Outras licenciaturas
afins na área poderão eventualmente ser consideradas.
18
Proposta 13
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Pedro Leão
GRUPO: BLUE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ECOTOXICOLOGY
CO-ORIENTADOR(A/CO-SUPERVISOR): Catarina Magalhães
GRUPO: ECOBIOTEC
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: CIIMAR
TEMA/Theme: Isolation, culturing and chemical exploration of Antarctica cyanobacteria.
RESUMO/SUMMARY
One of the most successful strategies for natural product discovery is simply to look for new chemistry
in places/organisms where no one else has previously looked [1]. At CIIMAR, we have a number of
cryopreserved geological samples from Antarctica niches at the cold-arid limit of life which we know
contain cyanobacteria [2]. These are photosynthetic bacteria that are also prolific chemists – hundreds
of bioactive compounds have been isolated from cyanobacteria, two of which are currently used to
treat cancer [3]. In this project, the student will isolate and perform large-scale culturing of
cyanobacteria present in the above-mentioned samples, and will classify the isolates using molecular
taxonomy. The student will then explore the potential new chemistry present in these organisms, by
performing bioassay-guided isolation of biologically active compounds present in the cyanobacterial
biomass, using diverse chromatographies. Once a pure compound is isolated, the student will learn
how to structurally characterize it using modern spectroscopic techniques. As such, this project is
particularly suited for those aiming at a multidisciplinary research experience, blending microbiology
with organic chemistry.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
Isolate, culture, and characterize at the 16S rRNA level at least two cyanobacteria; obtain sufficient
amounts of biomass for at least two cyanobacteria; isolate at least one new compound; characterize
(even if partially) one new compound.
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
Biology: Basic microbiology techniques; micromanipulation; DNA extraction, PCR, cloning and
sequence analysis; in vitro (microplate-based) luminescence assays.
Chemistry: Organic extraction, normal phase column chromatographies, HPLC, LC-MS, 1D and 2D
NMR, HR-MSn.
REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
[1] Clardy J (2007) Discovery of New Compounds in Nature. Proc Am Phil Soc 151: 201-210.
[2] Pointing SB, Chan Y, Lacap DC, Lau MCY, Jurgens JA, Farrell RL (2009) Highly specialized microbial
diversity in hyper-arid polar desert. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107: 1254-1254.
[3] Gerwick WH, Moore BS (2012) Lessons from the Past and Charting the Future of Marine Natural
Products Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology. Chem Biol 19: 85-98.
ÁREA CIENTÍFICA: Microbiologia/Química Orgânica
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: Biologia/Bioquímica/Química/Ciências Farmacêuticas
Proposta 14
19
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Doutora A. Catarina Guedes
GRUPO: LBC – Laboratório de Biodiversidade Costeira
CO-ORIENTADOR(A/CO-SUPERVISOR): Doutora Isabel Azevedo
GRUPO: LBC – Laboratório de Biodiversidade Costeira
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: FC_UP - Lab 2.54 - Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n (Edificio FC5)
4169-007 PORTO.
TEMA/Theme: LIGHT QUALITY EFFECT ON GROWTH AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF MICRO- AND
MACROALGAE
RESUMO/SUMMARY
Algae are currently cultivated to produce biomass and a vast number of high added-value products,
e.g. pigments and polyunsaturated fatty acids for further applications.
One of the major factors affecting algae growth and their biochemical composition is light in terms of
quality and intensity.
In this project, algal cultures produced in a climatic chamber with newly developed LED technology
will be compared with cultures produced under a traditional fluorescent light system. Therefore, the
main goal of this research effort is to compare the effect of the two light sources (fluorescent vs LED)
on algal biomass and carotenoids production and assess their total antioxidant capacity.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of this internship will be to assess the effects of the light quality (fluorescent versus
LED) on:
 algal biomass productivity
 carotenoids profile and productivity
 total antioxidant capacity of their extracts
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
Several cultures will be run using the above mentioned LED technology, and compared with control
cultures grown in traditional chambers equipped with fluorescent lamps. Biomass increase, as well as
the yields of several carotenoids will be duly calculated using the following methods:
(1) The biomass quantification will be achieved by optical density, dry and/or fresh weight;
(2) The quantification and the characterization of the carotenoids profile will be achieved by
spectrophotometric analysis and HPLC;
(3) The extraction of chemical families of high added value products (e.g. peptides, polysaccharides,
PUFA and carotenoids) will be performed by solid-liquid and high-pressure extractions.
(4) The extracts antioxidant activity will be assessed by spectrophotometric methods.
REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
A. Catarina Guedes, Maria S. Gião, Rui Seabra, A. C. Silva Ferreira, Paula Tamagnini, Pedro MoradasFerreira and F. Xavier Malcata “Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of cell extracts from microalgae”.
Marine Drugs, 2013, 11(4): 1256-1270
A. Catarina Guedes, Maria S. Gião, Ana A. Matias, Ana V. M. Nunes, Catarina M. M. Duarte, Manuela E.
Pintado and F. Xavier Malcata “Supercritical fluid extraction of carotenoids – including lutein and
chlorophylls a, b and c from a wild strain of Scenedesmus obliquus for use in food processing”. Journal
of Food Engineering, 2013, 116(2): 278-482
A. Catarina Guedes, Helena M. Amaro, Maria S. Gião and F. Xavier Malcata “Optimization of ABTS
radical cation assay specifically for determination of antioxidant capacity of intracellular extracts of
microalgae and cyanobacteria”. Food Chemistry, 2013, 138(1): 638-643
20
A. Catarina Guedes, Helena M. Amaro, Ricardo D. Pereira and F. Xavier Malcata “Effects of
temperature and pH on growth and antioxidant content of the microalga Scenedesmus
obliquus”.Biotechnology Progress, 2011, 27: 1218–1224
A. Catarina Guedes, Helena M. Amaro, Catarina R. Barbosa, Ricardo D. Pereira and F. Xavier Malcata
“Fatty acid composition of several microalgae and cyanobacteria, with a focus on eicosapentaenoic,
docosahexaenoic and α-linolenic acids, for eventual dietary uses”. Food Research International, 2011,
44: 2721-2729
Luís A. Meireles, A. Catarina Guedes, Catarina R. Barbosa and F. Xavier Malcata “On-line control of
light intensity in a microalgal bioreactor using a novel automatic system.” Enzyme and Microbial
Technology, 2008, 42: 554-559
Seyedeh Fatemeh Mohsenpour, Bryce Richards, Nik Willoughby “Spectral conversion of light for
enhanced microalgae growth rates and photosynthetic pigment production”. Bioresource Technology,
2012, 125: 75-81
ÁREA CIENTÍFICA: Biotecnologia
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: Biologia, Bioquímica, Ciências do Meio Aquático, Microbiologia, Ciências Farmacêuticas
Proposta 15
21
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Miguel Santos
GRUPO: Endocrine Disruptors and Emergent Contaminants
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: CIIMAR
TEMA/Theme: Molecular mode of Action of Emerging Pollutants
RESUMO/SUMMARY
The presence of the so-called “Emerging Pollutants” in the environment has proved a problem of
increasing proportions not only to wildlife but also to Humans. Many of these chemicals are not new,
but the knowledge of their impact in non-targeted organisms and the molecular and biochemical
mechanisms responsible for the disruption are still poorly characterized. This is particularly evident in
the case of pharmaceuticals and personal care products that often end up being released into aquatic
ecosystems through urban and industrial effluents. In this context, the main objective of this work
program will be to contribute for a better understanding of the impact of emerging pollutants of
concern and the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. We will apply a multiple-parametric
approach that will combine animal bioassays with molecular biology.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
 To screen the toxicity of emerging pollutants using animal bioassays
 To unravel the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of disruption of selected emerging
pollutants
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
Ecotoxicological bioassays, Bioinformatics, RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, Real Time PCR
REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
Oaks JL, Gilbert M, Virani MZ, Watson RT, Meteyer CU, Rideout BA, Shivaprasad HL, Ahmed S,
Chaudhry MJ, Arshad M, Mahmood S, Ali A, Khan AA, 2004. Diclofenac residues as the cause of vulture
population decline in Pakistan. Nature, 427:630-33.
J, Soares, AM, Coimbra, MA, Reis Henriques, NM, Monteiro, MN, Vieira, JMA, Oliveira, P, Guedes-Dias,
A, Fontaínhas Fernandes, S, Silva Parra, AP, Carvalho, L Filipe C Castro, MM, Santos, 2009. Disruption
of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryonic development after full life-cycle parental exposure to low levels
of ethinylestradiol. Aquatic Toxicology, 95: 330-338.
Lima, D., Reis-Henriques, M.A., Silva, R., Santos, A.I., L. Filipe C. Castro, M. M. Santos, 2011. Tributyltininduced imposex in marine gastropods involves tissue-specific modulation of the Retinoid X Receptor.
Aquatic Toxicology, 101: 221-227.
Castro, L.F.C., Santos, M.M., 2014. To bind or not to bind: The taxonomic scope of nuclear receptor
mediated endocrine disruption in invertebrate phyla. Environmental Science and Technology, 48:
5361-5363.
Neuparth, T., Martins, C., de los Santos, C.B., Costa, M.H., Martins, I., Costa, P.M., Santos, M.M. 2014.
Hypocholesterolaemic pharmaceutical simvastatin disrupts reproduction and population growth of the
amphipod Gammarus locusta at the ng/L range. Aquatic Toxicology, in press.
ÁREA CIENTÍFICA: Ciências do Ambiente/Ciências Biológicas
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: Biologia, Bioquímica, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Ciências do Meio Aquático, Ciências e
Tecnologias do Ambiente e áreas afins.
22
Proposta 16
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Maria João Faria Leite Dias dos Santos
GRUPO/GROUP: Animal Pathology
CO-ORIENTADOR(A/CO-SUPERVISOR): Francisca Isabel Merino Nunes Cabral Cavaleiro
GRUPO/GROUP: Animal Pathology
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: Animal Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biology of Faculty of
Sciences (UP)
TEMA/Theme: Parasites of Eledone cirrhosa (Lamarck, 1798) (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae)
RESUMO/SUMMARY
Species of octopodid cephalopods reach high market prices and are currently considered potential
candidates for aquaculture. This is because of their (i) short life cycle; (ii) fast growth; (iii) easy
adaptation to captivity; (iv) high fertility; and (v) high nutritional value. There is therefore the necessity
of conducting parasitological surveys that result in the collection of detailed data, namely on parasite
communities’ composition and structure. Such data will be crucial to the successful application of
disease control measures. The curled octopus, Eledone cirrhosa (Lamarck, 1798) (Cephalopoda:
Octopodidae), is a neritic, nectobenthic species of small- to medium-sized octopus (Hastie et al.,
2009). It is one of the cephalopod species reported in the Portuguese General-Directorate for Fisheries
and Aquaculture (DGPA) database (see Fonseca et al., 2008). Its parasite fauna was so far seldom
addressed in the literature, and no parasitological survey has so far been conducted in specimens
caught in Portuguese coastal waters. Among the parasites, reported for territorial waters of other
countries, are species of cestodes, nematodes and copepods (see e.g. Pascual et al., 1996; Gestal et
al., 1999). This project is intended to characterize the parasite fauna of E. cirrhosa in Portuguese
coastal waters.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:




Characterization of the parasite community of E. cirrhosa in Portuguese coastal waters, by
considering its composition and structure
Evaluation of pathological lesions resulting from parasite infections
Evaluation of the effect of parasites on the host’s condition factor and their potential
economic impact on aquaculture facilities
Molecular characterization of the most abundant parasites
(Preparation of the manuscript “Parasite fauna of Eledone cirrhosa (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in
Portuguese coastal waters”)
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
Octopus data as total length and weight, the sex and stage of sexual maturity, as well as the
occurrence of external lesions, will be recorded for each host, prior to performing the parasitological
survey. During the course of the latter, all organs will be examined for parasites under the stereo
dissecting microscope. The site of infection and the occurrence of internal lesions will be recorded.
Isolated parasites will be cleaned of mucus and other debris, identified to the lowest possible
taxonomic level under the microscope and then stored in 70% alcohol. A few specimens of the most
abundant species of parasites will be used in the molecular analysis. Prevalence and abundance levels
23
will be calculated for each identified parasitic taxon, and then, the recorded infection levels will be
compared with the ones reported in the literature. Host correlates of infection and a relationship
between the recorded infection levels and the host’s condition factor will be evaluated using different
statistical tests. Molecular characterization of the most abundant species will be performed by the
usual procedures. Also, a review of the literature on the subject will be performed in order to organize
a manuscript on the parasite fauna of E. cirrhosa.
Founding of this project will be supported by AquaImprove project- task 11.
REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
Fonseca, T., Campos, A., Afonso-Dias, M., Fonseca, P., & Pereira, J. (2008). Trawling for cephalopods
off the Portuguese coast—Fleet dynamics and landings composition. Fisheries Research, 92, 180–188.
Hastie, L. C., Pierce, G. J., Wang, J., Bruno, I., Moreno, A., Piatkowski, U., & Robin, J. P. (2009).
Cephalopods in the north-eastern Atlantic: species, biogeography, ecology, exploitation and
conservation. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 47, 111–190.
Gestal, C., Belcari, P., Abollo, E., & Pascual, S. (1999). Parasites of cephalopods in the northern
Tyrrhenian Sea (western Mediterranean): new host records and host specificity. Scientia Marina, 63,
39–43.
Pascual, S., Gestal., C., Estévez, J. M., Rodríguez, H., Soto, M., Abollo, E., & Arias, C. (1996). Parasites in
commercially-exploited cephalopods (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) in Spain: an updated perspective.
Aquaculture, 142, 1–10.
ÁREA CIENTÍFICA: Marine Parasitology
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: BIOLOGIA, BIOLOGIA MARINHA
24
Proposta 17
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Ana Paula Mucha
GRUPO: EcoBioTec
CO-ORIENTADOR(A/CO-SUPERVISOR): Marisa Almeida
GRUPO: EcoBioTec
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: Laboratório EcoBioTec, CIIMAR
TEMA/Theme: Potencial dos microrganismos autóctones para a biorremediação de poluentes
emergentes
RESUMO/SUMMARY
Os poluentes emergentes são compostos que não estão actualmente abrangidos pela legislação da
qualidade da água existente. No entanto, são compostos que têm um impacto significativo sobre a
qualidade dos ecossistema e, em última instancia, sobre a saúde humana. Os fármacos estão entre os
compostos emergentes que a maioria das estações de tratamento de águas residuais não é capaz de
eliminar. Assim, estes compostos podem acabar no meio aquático, com consequências imprevisíveis.
A biorremediação microbiana é uma abordagem biológica comprovada para a transformação e
eliminação de contaminantes orgânicos de ambientes poluídos. Nesse sentido, o objectivo deste
estudo é desenvolver técnicas de biorremediação que possam estimular a capacidade das
comunidades microbianas para degradar produtos farmacêuticos em ambientes estuarinos.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
Investigar a resposta de microorganismos autóctones, provenientes de ecossistemas estuarinos, a
poluentes emergentes, nomeadamente compostos farmacêuticos. Esta resposta será avaliada em
termos de abundância e estrutura genética da
comunidade microbiana assim como a sua capacidade de biodegradação dos poluentes.
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
Quantificação da abundância microbiana por microscopia de epifluorescência.
Extracção de DNA microbiano.
Caracterização da estrutura genética da comunidade microbiana usando a técnica ARISA (automated
rRNA intergenic spacer analysis).
Análise dos perfis de ARISA e sua relação com os teores em compostos farmaceuticos usando software
específico (PRIMER)
ÁREA CIENTÍFICA: Biologia
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: Ambiente, Biologia, Bioquímica ou áreas afins
25
Proposta 18
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Marisa Almeida
GRUPO: EcoBioTec
CO-ORIENTADOR(A/CO-SUPERVISOR): Mª Clara Basto
GRUPO: EcoBioTec
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: Departamento de Química e Bioquímica da FCUP
TEMA/Theme: Remoção de fármacos em ambientes estuarinos – potencial da bioremediação
RESUMO/SUMMARY
Os estuários são recursos valiosos, no entanto, as áreas estuarinas estão expostas a uma vasta gama
de poluentes que podem afectar negativamente estes habitats incluindo os múltiplos sapais
característicos destas zonas. O desenvolvimento de estratégias de limpeza destes ecossistemas
representa um sério desafio. A remediação biológica é considerada uma técnica adequada, e de baixo
custo, para a limpeza de áreas moderadamente contaminadas. É no entanto importante aferir as
potencialidades desta técnica para remoção de fármacos e outros poluentes emergentes que afectam
estes ecossistemas tão sensíveis. Neste trabalho tal será efectuado usando sedimentos dopados com
diversos fármacos, monitorizando a sua degradação/remoção.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
Avaliar as potencialidades da remediação biológica para a remoção de fármacos e poluentes
emergentes em ambientes estuarinos
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
Para atingir os objectivos do trabalho, serão realizadas amostragens em diferentes estuários e
realizadas experiências em microcosmos usando os sedimentos dopados com diversos fármacos. A
degradação dos compostos seleccionados será avaliada ao longo do tempo utilizando técnicas
analíticas de cromatografia
ÁREA CIENTÍFICA: Química Ambiental
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: Química, Bioquímica, Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente e áreas afins
26
Proposta 19
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Vânia Freitas
GRUPO: EEBIG
CO-ORIENTADOR(A/CO-SUPERVISOR): Marta Ferreira & Joana Campos
GRUPO: LETOX & LMCEE
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: CIIMAR
ÁREA CIENTÍFICA: Biologia, Ecologia
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: Biologia, Bioquímica, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ambiente, Ciências do Meio
Aquático
TEMA/Theme: Temporal in and spatial patterns nursery habitat quality for juvenile flounder
27
RESUMO/SUMMARY
Estuaries and shallow coastal areas have been considered essential habitats for marine fish species for
providing nurseries for juveniles with good feeding conditions, refuge opportunities and high
connectivity with other habitats [1]. Such ecological features affecting growth and survival of juveniles
are strongly determinants of recruitment level and adult stock replenishment [2]. Species response in
terms of juvenile growth and condition is a widely used indicator of habitat quality as it integrates
environmental features and individual performance. Because of the dynamic nature of these
environments, indicators that are able to capture variation in growth and condition at different time
scales (both long and short term) are necessary. Here we will combine traditional measures of growth
and condition (field growth rates, energy density) with techniques that provide higher individual
resolution, such as otolith increment analysis, with high-throughput biochemical tools such as RNADNA ratio-based and lipid storage condition indices [3,4].
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this project is study temporal and spatial variation in nursery habitat quality for flounder
Platichthys flesus based on juvenile growth and condition. Morphometric and biochemical indices that
respond at different time scales will be combined to produce an accurate characterization of the
individual-environmental linkage in the estuarine system. Together with abundance data these
indicators will be used to evaluate the relative quality of different areas occupied by young-of-the-year
flounder.
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
1. Quantitative sampling in study area. Monthly surveys during the recruitment period will take place
in the estuarine system in parallel with monitoring of environmental conditions. Three areas will be
sampled to analyse spatial variability in growth and condition in relation to environmental factors.
2. Biochemical condition (R/D, lipid storage). Nucleic acid analyses will be performed in muscle tissue
using a fluorometric method as described in [5] and temporal comparisons will be done after a
correction for body length according to [3]. Prior to analyses, pilot tests and optimization of analytical
techniques is required. A lipid storage index will be assessed based on the ratio of the quantity of
triacylglycerols (TAG; reserve lipids) to the quantity of sterols (ST; structural lipids.
3. Otolith microstructure analysis. Sagittal otoliths will be removed and daily growth increments will
be read as in [6]. This information will be used to estimate absolute growth rates and recent growth
(based on the width of the peripheral increments).
4. Data treatment and statistical analysis.
REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
[1] Able KW (2005) A re-examination of fish estuarine dependence: Evidence for connectivity between
estuarine and ocean habitats. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 64:5–17
[2] Gibson RN (1994) Impact of habitat quality and quantity on the recruitment of juvenile flatfishes.
Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 32:191–206
[3] Buckley LJ, Caldarone E, Ong TL (1999) RNA-DNA ratio and other nucleic acid based indicators for
growth and condition of marine fishes. Hydrobiologia 401:265-277
[4] Amara R, Meziane T, Gilliers C, Hermel G, Laffargue P (2007) Growth and condition indices in
juvenile sole Solea solea measured to assess the quality of essential fish habitat. Marine Ecology
Progress Series 351, 201-208
[5] Caldarone EM, Wagner M, St Onge-Burns J, Buckley LJ (2001) Protocol and Guide for Estimating
Nucleic Acids in Larval Fish using a Fluorescence Microplate Reader (Reference Document 01-11).
Northeast Fisheries Science Center, USA, p 1-22
[6] Martinho F, Van der Veer HW, Cabral HN, Pardal MA (2013) Juvenile nursery colonization patterns
for the European flounder (Platichthys flesus): A latitudinal approach. J Sea Res 84: 61-69
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Proposta 20
ORIENTADOR(A)/SUPERVISOR: Francisca Isabel Merino Nunes Cabral Cavaleiro
GRUPO/GROUP: Animal Pathology
CO-ORIENTADOR(A/CO-SUPERVISOR): Maria João Faria Leite Dias dos Santos
GRUPO/GROUP: Animal Pathology
LOCAL DE REALIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: Animal Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biology of Faculty of
Sciences (UP)
TEMA/Theme: The reproductive effort of Lepeophtheirus pectoralis (Copepoda: Caligidae)
RESUMO/SUMMARY
Lepeophtheirus pectoralis (Müller, 1777) (Copepoda: Caligidae) is one of the most common parasites
of the European flounder, Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae), an
economically important species of fish. It is usually found on the fish’s skin. High infection levels were
reported in the literature (e.g. Boxshall, 1974; Schmidt, 2003; Marques et al., 2006; Cavaleiro & Santos
2007, 2009), which indicates that the parasite can be responsible for disease outbreaks leading to a
significant economic loss. To the present date, no study attempted to characterize the reproductive
effort of the parasite, an important aspect of parasite life history strategies (see Cavaleiro & Santos,
2014). Such information is crucial to define control measures that prevent epizootic outbreaks from
occurring in aquaculture systems. This project is aimed at characterizing the reproductive effort of L.
pectoralis in detail, and will therefore develop the body of knowledge on this important caligid
copepod.
OBJECTIVOS/OBJECTIVES:
- Characterize different measures of reproductive effort (egg number, egg size, total reproductive
effort and egg sac length)
- Evaluate whether L. pectoralis is mainly an r- or K-strategist
- Evaluate the existence of a trade-off between egg number and egg size
- Evaluate seasonal variations in measures of reproductive effort
- Evaluate an effect of season, host’s and parasite’s characteristics on egg number and size
(Preparation of the manuscript “The reproductive effort of Lepeophtheirus pectoralis (Copepoda:
Caligidae).
PRINCIPAIS METODOLOGIAS/MAIN METHODOLOGIES:
Measures of reproductive effort (egg number, egg size, total reproductive effort and egg sac length)
will be assessed from specimens of L. pectoralis isolated from P. flesus during a previous work. A total
of 120 ovigerous females, 30 per season of the year, will be used in the analysis. The recorded egg
number and egg size data will allow to draw a conclusion about the reproductive strategy of L.
pectoralis (r- or K-strategist) and on the existence of a trade-off between egg number and egg size.
Seasonal variations in these measures will be evaluated and the recorded trends will be compared
with those reported in the literature for other species of parasitic copepods. An effect of season and
host’s and parasite’s characteristics on egg number and size will be evaluated using a generalised
linear model. For this to be possible, body and genital complex size will also be assessed for each
parasite. The recorded data will be compared with those reported in the literature for other species of
parasitic copepods and used to organize a manuscript on the reproductive effort of L. pectoralis.
29
REFERÊNCIAS/REFERENCES:
Boxshall, G. A. (1974). Infections with parasitic Copepods in North Sea marine fishes. Journal of the
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 54, 355–372.
Cavaleiro, F. I. & Santos, M. J. (2007). Survey of the metazoan ectoparasites of the European flounder
Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758) along the north-central Portuguese coast. Journal of Parasitology,
93, 1218–1222.
Cavaleiro, F. I. & Santos, M. J. (2009). Seasonality of metazoan ectoparasites in marine European
flounder Platichthys flesus (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae). Parasitology, 136, 855–865.
Cavaleiro, F. I. & Santos, M. J. (2014). Egg number-egg size: an important trade-off in parasite life
history strategies. International Journal for Parasitology, 44, 173–182.
Marques, J., Teixiera, C., & Cabral, H. (2006). Differentiation of commercially important flatfish
populations along the Portuguese coast: evidence from morphology and parasitology. Fisheries
Research, 81, 293–305.
Schmidt, V. (2003). Parasites of European flounder (Platichthys flesus L.) from the German Bight, North
Sea, and their potential use in eco-system monitoring. Ph.D. Thesis. Universität Hannover, Kiel, Russia,
154 p.
ÁREA CIENTÍFICA/SCIENTIFIC AREA: Marine Parasitology
LICENCIATURAS ADMITIDAS: BIOLOGIA, BIOLOGIA MARINHA
30