World Bank
Green Freight Transport Initiative for Brazil
Transporte de Carga de Baixo Carbono
Georges Darido, Transport Specialist
[email protected]
June 15, 2011
Convergência de agendas – green freight
1. Logística: eficiência, competitividade e crescimento
Supporting improvements in the freight and logistics
sector to drive efficiency, competitiveness, and growth
2. Um setor de transporte mais limpo ou “verde”
The “Green” agenda:
• Promoting climate change mitigation by supporting steps
to reduce the carbon intensity of the freight sector
• Supporting governments dealing with local air pollution
• Finding synergies and co-benefits, such as congestion
management in urban areas and energy independence
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Tendência crescente de emissões no setor
Ministério do Meio Ambiente, 1º inventário Nacional de Emissões Atmosféricas Por Veículos
Automotores Rodoviários, Janeiro 2011.
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Peso do combustível no custo operacional
• Fuel is a very important part of truck operating costs
(excluding maintenance and depreciation costs)
• Approximate share of total operating costs in Brazil:
Tolls, 10%
Insurance,
20%
Fuel, 40%
Wages,
30%
• In China, fuel can be as much as 59% of operating costs
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Papel do Banco Mundial
• Apoiar o setor público na definição de estratégias e
complementação de planos existentes
– Plano Nacional de Mudanças Climáticas para o setor de transporte:
• Qual e o potencial de cada estratégia no Brasil?
• O que se pode fazer no curto prazo e com pouco recurso?
• Reduzir barreiras como falta de financiamento ou
informação, e riscos de inovação
– Empréstimos e assistência técnica ao setor público para
transporte de baixo carbono
– Induzir investimentos inovadores, por exemplo: avaliar testes
pilotos e criar um “revolving fund”
– Carbon finance e MDL (mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo)
 Objetivo: Acelerar o processo de modernização no
setor de transporte
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Estratégias para Transporte de Baixo Carbono
Infrastructure
• Improving condition of existing roadways to reduce operating
costs
• Expanding rail/waterway network to induce mode shifts
Logistics (reducing empty truck kms)
• Network optimization with communications equipment and new
facilities (terminals, etc.)
Behavior and maintenance
• Driver training (eco-driving) and incentives
• Financing and capacity building for small operators
• Better regulations and enforcement
Technologies for Energy Efficiency
• Oldest trucks: scrappage programs
• Trucks in operations: incremental technology improvements,
incentives for experimenting and adopting
• New trucks: standards, smart incentives (tax) and regulations
• Public-Private Partnerships and voluntary programs
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Atividades do Banco Mundial
• Infraestrutura: (equilíbrio modal e eficiência)
– Apoiando o PNLT na transferência modal
– Financiamento para novas rodovias estratégias, restauração e
manutenção, condição da malha e pavimentação
– Estudos: hidrovias, ferroanel em SP, esquema PPP para corredores
multimodais
• Logística: (reduzir circulação de veículos vazios)
– Primeira pesquisa OD de carga urbana em SP
– Estudos para instalações intermodais, plataformas logísticas
• Comportamento e manutenção: (fator humano):
– Teste piloto e avaliação de boas praticas operacionais, treinamento, e
sistemas de incentivos
• Tecnologias de melhor eficiência energética
– Teste piloto e avaliação de tecnologias pouco conhecidas ou com um
grande potencial de difusão (payback <3 anos)
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Logística e Carga Urbana em São Paulo
• World Bank/GEF funded effort in SP
to develop:
– First freight origin-destination
study (freight flow survey)
– Technical lead: CET-SP
– Administration: ANTP
• Objective: Urban freight transport
model to test/refine policies:
• Area and time restrictions for trucks
– Urban Freight Vehicle (VUC): size
and performance standards
– Distribution hubs, logistics platforms,
and mini terminals
– Exclusive corridors and bypasses:
ring road and rail
– Tolling/pricing?
World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Perfil da frota de caminhões no Brasil
• 2009 profile of trucks fleet in Brazil (>1.3 million) by
engine/emissions technology and type of ownership:
>20
yrs
6-20 yrs
2,159
800,000
700,000
Cooperatives
125,834
Companies
600,000
Independent Owners
500,000
400,000
1,182
597,219
300,000
524
186,592
63,171
71,668
98,189
392
200,000
30,316
48,755
100,000
606
108,075
24,478
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P5
(EURO
III)
P4
(EURO
II)
P3
(EURO I)
P2
(Euro 0)
P1 and
Older
0
World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
ANTT 2010
Registry
Estratégias de curto prazo
• Tecnologias para veículos pesados
– Velhos: programa para sucateamento (scrappage)
• Experiência internacional
– Em operação: melhorias incrementais (retrofit) e
incentivos para eficiência energética
• Teste piloto: avaliação de tecnologias como pneus verdes e
defletores
– Novos: normas, políticas de imposto, e incentivos para
financiamento
• Experiência internacional
• Comportamento e manutenção
– Teste pilote: treinamento, incentivos, parametrização e
telemetria
• Modelos de parcerias voluntarias
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CASE 1: ESTADOS UNIDOS
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Modelo de parceria nos EUA: SmartWay
Informed choices
Shipper
Technology
Vendor
Verification
Data
Reduzir
Emissões
embarcador
Economia
Combustível
Data
Partnership
Consumers
Green Marketing
Facilitator
Coordenador
Data
Partnership
Facilitation
Banker
Financer
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Carrier
Transportador
“SmartWay Partnership” results in the US
>2,700 Partners:
–
–
–
–
Drive approximately 650,000 trucks (10% of industry)
Travel over 60 billion miles per year (30% of industry)
Consume over 12 billion gallons of fuel (32% of industry)
In addition, encompasses - rail operators, freight shippers,
logistics companies, technology manufacturers, trucks stops,
ports, banks, vehicle and equipment dealer and service
centers
Since 2004, SmartWay Partners saved:
–
–
–
–
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14.7 million metric tons of CO2
1.5 billion gallons of diesel fuel
3.6 billion dollars in fuel costs
Equivalent to taking about 3 million cars off the road for 1
year
World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Why is SmartWay successful in the US?
Shippers:
– Top of the supply chain, drive
marketplace demand
– Give preferred status to
SmartWay Carrier Partners
– Get better data to improve their
own shipping operations
– Modify logistics operations to
improve efficiency & reduce
emissions, for example:
• Inter-modal Shipping
• Full Truck Loads
• Warehouse Improvements
• Idle-Reduction at facilities
– Get recognition and PR value
with SmartWay brand
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Carriers:
– Gain competitive advantage:
• Preferred status, plus
• Fuel efficiency, savings
– Reduce emissions
– Integrate fuel saving
technologies and strategies
into fleets, such as:
• Idle Reduction
• Improved Aerodynamics
• Efficient Tire Systems
• Driver Training
• Renewable Fuels
• Advanced Lubricants
– Get recognition and PR value
with SmartWay brand
World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Leque de tecnologias econômicas
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
CASE 2: CHINA
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Sector situation in China
• Tire pressure
– Most drivers only use hammer to check tire pressure
– 14% of drivers check pressure less than once per week
• Truck loads
– Empty of partially empty trucks are common
– Overloading is common
• Many cost-effective technologies available but not yet
widely applied
–
–
–
–
Low rolling resistance tires
Aluminum wheels
Automatic tire pressure monitoring
Aerodynamics: e.g. skirts or nosecone
• Introduction of Euro IV fuel makes emission reduction
technologies possible
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Pilot Testing in Guangzhou, China
• Carried out 2008-2009
– Technology testing on 14 trucks in three truck fleets
• Tire systems
• Aerodynamics
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Pilot Testing: Tire equipment (a)
• Dual low rolling resistance tires: reduces rolling
resistance
Load and Inflation
• 830 kPa
• 5,000 kg
455/50R 22.5
RULE: For every 70 kPa under
inflation is 1% penalty in fuel
economy
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Pilot Testing: Tire equipment (b)
• Aluminum wheels: reduces weight of wheel
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Pilot Testing: Tire equipment (c)
• Automatic tire pressure monitoring system: keeps
tire pressure more constant
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Pilot Testing: Aerodynamics (a)
• Skirts: reduce wind underneath the trailer
HDPE plastic will last life
of trailer
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Pilot Testing: Aerodynamics (b)
• Nosecone: reduces turbulence
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Pilot Testing: Aerodynamics (c)
• Gap fairing: reduces the tractor-trailer gap
Distance between back of
cab and front of trailer
Trailer Gap
Will make difference in %
of savings
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Green Trucks Pilot Project Guangzhou
Results of Test on 3 Fleets + Driver Training:
• XingBang Co. – Tires & Monitoring, [local & Long Haul]
~1.8% fuel efficiency improvement
• Star of City Logistics Co. – Tires, Monitoring, nose cone,
Trailer Skirts, [Long Haul] ~ 3.5% improvement
• Baiyun Municipal Garbage – Tires, Monitoring, [Local]
up to 18% improvement
Guangdong Demonstration Proj (1)
• Technology Demonstration
– Energy Efficiency truck technologies demonstration
• 1500-1800 trucks
– Pilot testing of logistics operation technologies:
• Pilot Advanced Brokerage Information System
• Pilot “Drop-and-Hook” freight operations
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Guangdong Demonstration Proj (2)
• Innovative Finance
– Green Freight technology rebate
• based on the prevailing down payment rate for a truck loan
– performance-based payments
• based on the prevailing interest rate of a truck loan
– better access for SMEs to commercial finance
• creating quality pipeline projects for commercial banks
• sharing information between banks and SMEs
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Guangdong Demonstration Proj (3)
• Large-scale Capacity Building
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
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Policy research
Training for installation and operation of technologies
Training for government officials and enterprise managers
Marketing and branding
Awareness raising and information dissemination
“Green Freight Trade Fairs” and “Green Freight Summits”
Driving market demand for green freight service providers
Enhanced Carbon Accounting and Supply Chain Efficiency
World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Brazil “Green Trucks” Project, Phase I:
• Ongoing activities:
– Study and market surveys to understand the sector
– Seeking partners to conduct pilot tests of:
• Innovative, energy-efficiency technologies
• Improved behavior and maintenance practices
• Improved logistics
• Potential activities:
–
–
–
–
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Technical assistance to design/evaluate pilot tests
Facilitate policy dialog
Technical site visits for officials
Workshop(s) to collect and disseminate findings
World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Technology pilot test in Brazil
• Truck fleet (partners: NTC, companies)
• Proposed technologies to be tested:
– Aerodynamic deflectors, gap fairings, and trailer skirts
– Low rolling resistance tires
– Tracking and dispatch systems
– Training
– Others
• Experimental design
• Evaluation and auditing (World Bank)
• Dissemination
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil
Obrigado pela atenção
• Georges Darido
Tel: +1-202-473-7319
[email protected]
• Shomik Mehndiratta
• Ricardo Marar
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World Bank - Green Freight Transport for Brazil