STUDIES
PORTUGUESE
IN
LITERATURE
AGENTS
LONDON
CO.,
SIMPKIN,
MARSHALL
"
LIMITED
STUDIES
IN
PORTUGUESE
LITERATURE
BY
AUBREY
F.
G.
BELL
OXFORD
B.
H.
BLACKWELL,
BROAD
1914
STREET
PREFACE
Nearly
literature
lies
century
a
that
les
dont
ignore
it
navigateurs
Hesperides,
with
then
much
has
that
English
uncharted
its
occasionally
de
cantigas
of
eclogues
In
the
many
The
the
neglect
of
autos
of
Gil
noble
many
ating
fascin-
The
the
of
prose
the
Vicente,
remain
noitring
recon-
appearance
an
delight,
Diniz,
King
in
Portuguese
charnecas.
dreary
of
brunt
Theophilo
the
Braga
by
those
criticism.
with
has
been
a
all
King
exquisite
unknown
but
and
valuable
has
work
(born
of
They
repetitions,
in
his
are
have
It
writings
often
by
Senhor
easy
to
which
without
and
is
so
perish.
to
borne
1843).
tasteless
allowed
manuscripts
been
against
reaction
certain
which
indifference
and
editions
rare
literary
part
Yet
and
quinhentistas,
there
Portugal
repelled
little
confessed
readers.
English
to
amigo
lyrical
the
Duarte,
be
beneath
revealing
interest
to
must
country.
study,
much
in
taken
the
Since
unreached.
it
on
of
land
a
ces
dont
mais
"
but
have
une
"
apples
done,
de
"
cotes
richesses
golden
critics
repays
dulness
fruits
the
les
vu
Portuguese
with
compared
les
of
said
was
ont
been
this
of
be
might
completement
literature
it
ago
deal
form,
irrelevant
be
with
combed
honeypolitical
vi
PREFACE
digressions of great length, little pedantries,
other
or
abstractions.
vague
defects
these
of
works
not
proving
literature.
in
art, but
real
merits
construction.
they
searching
and
their
But
the
are
a
whole
his
balance
counter-
books
His
motive
great
of
domain
method
are
power,
Portuguese
is
thetical,
largelyhypowith the result that a singleingenious supposition,
chapters
subsequently disproved, involves whole
in
Unfortunately
destruction, like
of
editions
his
works
contradictions.
and
being
labour
outlined
he
in
should
of
remains
successive
corrections
of
one
chief
the
of
Portugal, after fiftyyears
still
unhappily large,in
cards, the
network
a
he
But
figuresof contemporary
persistent
of
house
a
working
his Historia
fill in
to
da Litter atur
thirty-twovolumes.
It
a
the
gaps,
Portugiieza,
impossible that
was
conclusion
so
gigantic
satisfactory
of poetry, criticism, philosophy, psychology,
task
a
the w^ork
history,politics
actually accomplished
; but
bring to
a
"
him
by
is
truly marvellous
regret that
and
intrude
admire
has
into
the
deplore
and
he
allowed
his
real achievement,
his
Michaelis
Dra
working with
has accomplished much
as,
for instance, in her
Sd
de
'"^
politicsto
creep
literarycriticism, and
inanity of
de
but
she
must
one
may
but
can
style,one
untiringresearches
enthusiasm.
never-failing
Senhora
1
While
sectarian
of
works
pompous
his very
in extent.
Born
first
Two
Miranda,
in
came
in her
Oporto
vols., Halle,
definite
edition
in the
1904.
of
of
a
year
lasting value,
and
edition
of the
of Cancioneiro
Berlin
1876-
bitious,
am-
insight,
scholarship and
splendid
1851, the daughter
to
true
less
Vasconcellos,^
Professor,
Gustav
poems
da
of
Ajuda,^
Michaelis,
cLi"c^cL I 02.5' ^^-ec. )
vii
PREFACE
in
the Geschichte
important books, articles,editions,etc. She
and
surest
Hving authorityon questions of
other
many
is the
best
Portuguese
literature.
done, and
wide
a
of
and
Gil
of
edition
an
Castro, Viceroy of India,
de
interrelations
and
of
attributed
these
but
are
The
2
Grober,
Grundriss
and
de
(? 1486-1552),^
Miranda,
de
Lobo
Rodrigues
Bernardes
Andrade
de
(c. 1580-1625)
Bd.
Philologie.
romanischen
der
Pedro
Camoes,
"
tasks.^
similar
(c. 1512-1557), Sa
Luis
some
Ribeiro)
Ribeiro
Bernardim
Francisco
Caminha,^
by
are
Bernardim
hundred
a
and
Miranda,
de
poems
Joao
dates
Portugal (1520-1606), Diogo
de
(c. 1520-1600),
Liefg. 2
of
Falcao
Manoel
'
of
out
necessary
the
study of
a
entirety to
three
eclogues
Christovam
Dom
their
in
great
letters of Dom
the
(whose
Falcao
the
have
Ribeiro, Sa
Bernardim
Christovam
of
critical edition of the works
A
perseverance.
Vicente,
who
be
to
difficulties but
those
to
open
remains
however,
Much,
field,of many
fascination,lies
time
in
Litteratur,^and
Porhigiesischen
der
are
Abtg.
2.
2.
3.
is the
Especially urgent
of
publication
a
number
large
of
works
still in manuscript.
3
See
Bernardim
Ribeiro
Braga gives
See
1549.
also
Poeslas
de Mirajida
de Sd
der
Grundriss
famous
There
poem
few
are
language
than
hauntingly
more
his Romance
"
Pedro
great poets
de
of his
ribeira
de
Que
leva
aguas
time,
in
Franco)
Pola
Andrade
Michaelis
C.
tain.
uncer-
possibly
or
de
Vascon-
de Vasconcellos
Michaelis
beautiful
very
Theo-
Ribeiro's
most
octosyllabic redondilhas.
in
poems
the
Portuguese
:
Vae
*
e
are
1482-1552,
Bernardim
289-295.
Egloga [Jano
is his
(ed.
Carolina
and
Phil., pp.
rom.
poets
Ribeiro'sas
Bernardim
cellos,1885), Notas, pp. 767-771
in
of both
dates
exact
Por
{Christovam Falcao).
Bticolismo
The
philo Braga, Porto, 1897.
Senhor
0
e
o
triste de
Caminha
and
as
um
rio
ao
mar
Avalor."
(c. 1520- 1589)
corresponded
with
was
them
a
friend
in
verse
of all the
(Sa de
PREFACE
VUl
still too
Portugal,and deserve a
spite of the traditionallydull and
of this kind of poetry, they reveal a
In
special study.
artificial character
real
of
love
of
charm
the
growth ; and
pervades the plays
of
life
as
Gil
the
eclogues
a
idylliccharacter
his piquant
Vicente, so
of
the
direct
soil, and
found
be
to
pensive
their
flavour
are
dreamy
the
Portugal, and
just
characterization, real
of
of
The
song.
inhabitants, made
natural
observation
of
power
regions
of
character
and
Nature
many
of
outside
little known
in
of
many
the
Portuguese eclogues.
fascinating study is that of Portuguese
of King Duarte,
sentences
prose, in the clearlychiselled
the
quaint and various early Chronicas, the coloured
Another
seas,
of the conquests
beyond the
picturesque accounts
the balanced
periods of Joao de Barros' ^ Decadas,
the
fervent
and
Alcoforado,
the
or
A
"
refers
poetry
for the
[from
Lisboa
another
in
the
by J. Priebsch
1496-1570.
2
A
His
seiscentista
life
during
was
Nosso
was
the
going
long
Senhor.
been
da
the
wars
Gra^a].
"el
he
he
Lembraivos
but
spent
wrote
he
in
had
See
Academia
of
the
to
Poesias
Real
in
write
e
Cadaval
and
edition
Halle.
leisure
delle
de
Sciencias
critical
A
1791.
but
de Pedro
das
de
Duque
clear
with
to
de
simplicity.
his
improve
prison. To a young
thus, Polonius-fashion
sempre
de
Andrade"),
nuestro
theirs.
Lisboa,
sought
Manuel
Dialogos Apologaes,
to
possession
who
language,
same
Francisco
published recently at
(1608-1666)
years
and
publicar pela
in the
It is
seiscentistas.
the
styleof
part is inferior
stirringone,
a
to
MS.
the
affectionatelyas
Convento
has
1
him
mandadas
a
of
Marianna
Beja,
majestosa lingua,"
Familiares
most
Caminha,
Andrade
de
to
direct
of
nun
have
we
portugueza
Cartas
Miranda
his
that
preciseand
Mello's^
the
gongorismo
difficult to believe
in the
of
letters
quem
relation
:
"
sois.
Ide
style
who
com
Fallay
ix
PREFACE
admirably
clear
the
of
prose
turgidity,abstractness,
it is unnecessary
that
be
It may
the
modern
of many
speak.^
to
Portuguese genius
the
Of
extravagant.
Gallicisms
and
and
simple
times
at
and
inflated
Herculano,^
Alexandre
Queiroz,
de
restrained, at times
writers
of
drier,
the
of Almeida-Garrett,
sentences
E9a
letters,the plastic,
de Castro's^
Joao
vigour of Dom
glowing prose
sensuous,
the
little
but
has
originality.It willinglylooks abroad, and
mutable
and
changes. Even
delights in novelties
too
Gothic
rigid for the
architecture, for instance, was
claim
to
of
taste
the
loaded
they
quickly,and,
they
clothe
the
once
their
late
They assimi-
additions.
Manueline
it with
century, and
sixteenth
the
in
Portuguese
from
impulse given
Thus
garb.
native
in
borrowings
abroad,
and
Italy
alternatinginfluence of France
and
and
recently, of Germany
Spain, and, more
England, Portuguese poets have shown that they possess
the
beneath
genuine gift of
Yet
something was
a
again
verdade.
aporfieis. Perguntai
(Go
obedecey aos mayores."
;
Him
and
who
questions.
you
His
Real
Academia
and
Life, written
1
Born
2
Alexandre
3
The
its
becomes
at
1500
;
defects
use
died
de
Herculano
inabilityto
the
truth.
has
Be
two
words
numerica.
desigua^do
not
at
of
savour
Segui
menos.
Lord.
os
remember
Ever
stiff-necked.
few
Ask
good ; obey your elders.)
recently been republished by the
the
first edition
{Lisbon,1645),
Picon.
is to
Madrid,
with
duction
intro-
1912.
And
shortly.
appear
Goa, 1548.
Carvalho
of modern
Jugay
Our
by D. Jacinto Octavio
by Mr. Edgar Prestage,
Lisbon,
chief
from
with
the
the
turned
century
and
pouco.
Follow
de Catal-una
Espanola
notes
less.
even
Guerra
the
Speak
are.
Gamble
celebrated
and
sixteenth
Nao
bons
his
the
own.
when
gained
was
foreign models,
imitate
to
of
of their
character
a
lost if much
writers
Portuguese
and
song
e
Araujo, 1810-1877.
Portuguese
where
ten
are
are
its vague
possible
"
e.g.
pomposity
' '
,
number
"
PREFACE
X
literature
Portuguese
of the sixteenth
without
in the
century
would
do
native
strains
de
The
well
to
back
go
Gil
of
of
poets
love
as
beyond
Vicente
death
and
Camoes
Fratelli
a
might
by the
study
the
vezes,
do
te
amor,
tell
the
worlds
Paradise
and
Amor
chamo).
They
the
that
characteristics
often
fantastic
of
of
all aspects
1
1485-1549.
Teixeira
de
"'
made
He
sol
E
Nao
tudo
literature
passard jamais
(Porque
ella
Sobrevivente
e
o
aos
words
a
.
!
e
Infinito
mundos
ha
e
e
"
of
outline,
de
Saudade
Eternidade)
as
dreamy,
prolixityand
ficar
de
a
:
digressions
Manoel
of Dom
a
"
(1911) :
.
.
to
endless
Mas
passara.
in
not
s'allegra."
vagueness
Mardnos
Pascoaes.
will
fummo
Tristi
certain
father
guese
Portu-
and
said the
Portuguese
the
was
national
a
is eternal
satire, and
a
chamo
recent
a
imagination, a tendency
grotesque
vilancete
a
morte
a
of
were
dal
que
of
They forget that
Purgatory
dolce
have
Saudade
stars.^
and
Other
2
Morte
vezes
last lines
"
bombast,
of
joy, and
line
a
^: Mil
us
Nell'aer
e
motto
Vimioso
in
not
without
:
their
cult of Saudade, and
poem
have
centuries
la sorte."
for
take
Conde
survive
century
to
the
love
tempo
un
Ingenero
They
theless,
never-
rough redondilhas
the
and
of
"
of desire
object
an
**
are
twentieth
the
Portuguese poets through
death
(Mil
recaptured. Camoes,
never
Miranda.
of
sung
was
first quarter
and
doubt, is the greatest poet of Portugal ;
Portuguese
of Sa
fifteenth
estrellas."
Portugal.
an
xi
PREFACE
of
absence
vigour
in naturalness
have
and
rivers
the
crystallino,
all have
huas
Que
mi
sacam
flow
conscious
6
the
Mondego,
Se
Lega
manso
Lega,
de
Sa
"
de
is inimitable
of its
verses
:
Lega,
!
manso
tiver descanso
eu
ti
se
sosegados
movimentos
teus
Nao
alteram
te
Nem
!
comega
Sempre
Vao
Tejo
Douro,
Francisco
grace
corres
Em
Lima,
River
inevitable
Como
"
som
lyricof
to
rio
art,
coragom."
o
the
The
and
"
no
Neiva, brando
addressed
easy
lirias
"
doce
guese
Portu-
Portugal has produced
perfectlyrics:
spontaneous
Portugal
their poets.
Menezes,^
in the
Fez
of
the
word,
a
reason
of
number
"
The
In
finds compensation
poetical feeling than
for this very
astonishing
an
charm.
and
more
perhaps
which
precision,
and
;
ventos
mudados."
tempos
(River Le^a, still.
Ah, how
still thy flow !
Could
Rest
wouldst
Calm
thy
Thee
The
the
Bernardes,
praises
etc.
Vasconcellos,
few
of
See
of
his
his
pp.
de
changes prove.)
poems
Sd
;
assail
de
749-751.
have
that
contemporaries,
Poesias
1885), Notas,
move
fail
winds
no
Nor
1515-1584.
waters
time's
instil !
thou
without
Ever
1
e'er know
I rest
survived
Antonio
Miranda
(ed.
fullyconfirm
Ferreira,
C.
Diogo
Michaelis
de
xii
PREFACE
spiritand with equal beauty of expression
Diogo Bernardes, captive in Africa,^ turns his thoughts
In
the
to
the
same
River
"
Lima,
Mas
ribeira
O
(But
Of
Lima
in
shall
me
soft and
The
Though
movimento."
forgetfulness
cause
it has
help
to
not
attract
study it,appears
like
all the
with
A
'*
Vi
To
1
He
2
He
venir
freed,
was
among
the
celebrated
to
wrote
Sa
Que
The
those
who
shepherdess of the
scented
woods, pleasant
Portugal :
e
nevosa
;
gentil,graciosa."
serrana
embracing
history,^
the literature
Portuguese captives, by Philip II.
Lima
continually (in 0 Lyma), and many
years
that
his walks
de Miranda
ever
were
along its
rio abaixo,
Geschichte
2.
der
Abtg.
Prestage's
2
murmurando,
vou
sketch
pela
beira
do
in Senhora
is to
literature
Carolina
von
Michaelis
Encyclopedia
Britannica.
found
de
Philologie).
de Vasconcellos'
Encyclopedie {Portugal: Litterature),or
article in the
be
Michaelis
der romanischen
Theophilo 'Bvdig^[Grundriss
(sold separately);
Grande
Lima."
meu
of Portuguese
Litteratur,
portugiesischen
und
article in La
me
rio acima,
suavemente
vae
general
best
Vasconcellos
Bd.
to
:
So
in
striking
or
other
"Agora
3
alta, fria
write its complete
earlier he
banks
of the
hills of
e
clear-cut
fair,humble
a
grace
serra
forget.)^
readers, but,
many
flowered
and
streams,
to
men
in
Portuguese literature, poor
serra^
of its waters,
gentle motion
power
effects,may
esquecimento,
d'esquecer,
suave
e
formosa
ser
in my
saddened
thoughts the banks
shall be fair,for which
I long.
ever
Never
brando
seu
mim
virtude
tem
:
saudosa.
em
que
his home
was
pensamento
Lima
do
causara
Inda
de
atribulado
meu
Nao
banks
deixara
nunca
No
A
whose
on
in Mr.
Edgar
PREFACE
of Galicia,ancient
and
xiii
modern,
be
must
task
a
occupying
danger
Perhaps, however, there is some
learned
at the present day lest,while
critics,in a kind
of literary
are
skilfully
spillikins,
siftingtheir facts and
dates, the general reader may take less and less interest
in the literature thus scientifically
presented to him, and
continue
in scarceness.
These
stragglingnotes can lay
claim to originalresearch, but may
no
as
possiblyserve
for a more
a stepping-stonetill the crying need
thorough
and complete study of Portuguese literature in English
years.
many
is
of
supplied. The name
known
to
English readers.
has
intimate
so
which
therefore, good
Edgar
Prestage
is well
Probably no Englishman
ture,
acquaintance with Portuguese litera-
an
he
Mr.
has
for twenty
studied
that
hope
years.
There
is,
will
he
supply this
and provide English students
with the first history
want
of Portuguese literature ever
in English.
written
it will
doubt
No
other
has
Portugal
to
reason
as
come
subjects of
port-wine, revolutions,
would
indeed
they help
spread
historyhas
bred
"
that
many,
and
pen
1
a
reward
politics.
Great
chapters
could
an
many
de
bra90
e
;"^
saber
is,capable of carrying through with
what
Sir
Peter
*'
as
Wyche
the
Execution."
of
Santillana.
Sa
de
in
Wisdome
Miranda
the
of
describing
the
the
sword
seventeenth
of
Performances
Gallantry of
phrase
that
sympathetic attitude
juster,more
unfailing song, which
throughout
the
de
many
oifer besides
to
of these
for
Marques
to
interest
notorious
It is the
shock
rotative
and
Homem
described
century
and
of
this land
towards
its
to
the
be
a
the
guese,
Portu-
Contrivance
Spanish poet, the
CONTENTS
PAGE
PREFACE
V
-
LIST
I.
II.
GENERAL
OF
DINIZ
KING
xvii
WORKS
THE
AND
EARLY
-
EARLY
IV.
-
V.
VI.
VII.
DE
-
-
-
CAMOES
-
-
'55
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
114
162
ALMEIDA-GARRETT
....
THREE
POETS
OF
THE
NINETEENTH
184
CENTURY
-
MODERN
I98
NOVELISTS
-
IX.
40
-
81
MIRANDA
-
TWO
VIII.
VICENTE
GIL
si.
I
-
PROSE
-
III.
LYRICS
POETS
PORTUGUESE
OF
INDEX
TO
QUOTATIONS
-
TO-DAY
-
INDEX
-
-
221
-
240
243
xviii
GENERAL
Innoccncio
Silva
da
Lisboa,
1883,
WORKS
Diccionario
:
bibliographico
portugucz.
etc.
Lcbesque (Pliileas)
:
he
litteraire
Portugal
Paris,
d'aujourd'luii.
1904.
Loiscaii
{A.) :
Michaelis
dc
la litterature
[Carolina)
Litteratur
(Grundiss
portugaise.
Geschichte
:
der
portugie-
romanischen
der
1886.
Pans,
Philologie.
Abtg. 2).
2.
Poesias
de
Article
Pereira
de
Vasconcellos
sischen
Bd.
Histoire
Sa
Miranda
(J. M.)
La
:
Halle, 1885.
(Notes).
Literature
Portuguese
on
Silva
da
de
in La
Grande
litterature
Encyclopedie.
Rio
portugaise.
de
'Janeiro, 1886.
Prestage [Edgar)
Century.
London,
London,
Century
Remedios
of
by
the
19th Century
George
i8th
the
(in
The
Later
VL).
Saintsbury, Chapter
Literature
Portuguese
on
dos) :
(Mendes
origenes
Bias
Tom.
a
4.
[VV.) :
L. S.
da
Historia
actuahdade.
Curso
in
Britan-
Encyclopaedia
litteratura
2^
edigao.
dc
elementar
portuguesa
Coimbra,
litteratura
desde
'
1902.
portuguesa.
1892.
Lisboa,
[J. C.
Sismondi
ate
[Jose) :
7"^edigao.
Storck
of
(last edition).
nica
Simoes
end
1907.
Article
as
the
to
1909.
Literature
Portuguese
Nineteenth
Literature
Portuguese
:
de)
De
:
la
litterature
du
midi
de
1'Europe.
Paris, 1829.
Vida
Obras
c
dc
Luis
de
Camocs
(General
duction).
Intro-
Lisboa, 1897 [1898].
Wolf [F.):
Studien
Geschichte
zur
der
giesischen Nationalliteratur.
Hist,
Sec
also
de
Ticknor
las ht. castell.
(G.)
;
maurice-Kelly [J.) :
second
und
portu-
Berlin, 1859.
y
History
portug.
of
Litterature
edition, 1913.
spanischen
2
Spanish
torn.
Literature
Espagnole
1895-96.
Madrid,
;
(French
and
Fitz-
tion),
transla-
CHAPTER
KING
During
DINIZ
the
of
the
of
frontier.
Mondego.
to
Castille,
the
rivers
Minho
government
and
Tagus
and
the
countries
spoken
new
national.
in
became
in
both
Portuguese
In
(Mathilda),
between
Raymond,
(Theresa)
proclaimed
however,
first
only
between
Henriques
Amadeo,
very
the
The
The
of
he
independent,
cosmopolitan
daughter
to
But
Tareja
same.
Affonso
and
Urraca
of
difference.
were
King
was,
river
Leon
region
cousin
was
division
the
Court
the
became
It
real
remained
1147
Burgundy.
soon
1140.
a
of
daughter
artificial
this
daughter
Affonso,
Henry,
Portugal
that
slowly
his
of
his
the
the
momentarily
King
of
to
region
of
son
of
King
him
This
marriage.
Mafalda
the
giving
Henry,
Count
changes
to
advanced
VI.,
half
first
many
southward
and
the
entrusted
Count
in
of
and
underwent
boundary
Galicia
LYRICS
eleventh
the
Alfonso
and
son
further
of
extended
its
granted
Raymond,
it
1093
Tagus,
EARLY
Galicia
1065
In
the
half
century
In
THE
AND
second
twelfth
I
two
language
ideas
of
rather
the
than
married
Count
of
IN
STUDIES
2
and
Savoy,
came
was
possibly
arrived
in
the
connection
Galicia
It
with
first
had
Provence
visit
to
earlier
through
established
been
that
Mafalda
Countess
Provencal poet
is,however, probable that an even
Marcabrus,
Portugal.^
of
train
the
Proven9al poetry
through Italy,and that it
first
Portugal
to
that
Braga thinks
Senhor
thus
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
Santiago de Compostella. Santiago was
Between
meeting-place of pilgrims from all Europe.
and
Galicia
was
especiallythe connection
facilitated by the fact that the north-western
and
close one,
France
region of
the
from
dominion
the
Peninsula
the
on
was
of
of the
one
the
few
a
parts freed
Nothing could be
pilgrims,singing songs
Moors.
than
that
these
road, should
have
introduced
natural
more
a
of the
some
forms
Proven9al poetry into Galicia, and thence to Portugal.
Count
on
a
Henrique went
pilgrimage^ to
1093
of
In
Santiago, and
Vaticana
"
Santiago
A
E
por
1
Tvovadores
"^
So
old
veer
the
tells of Conde
ancient
the
C.
da
at
to
of
meu
cora9om
fazer
oragom
Floras
da
romaria,
de
Santiago,
Santiago
de
Galiza
the
"
Bargangdos (printed
dos
King
Porto, 1871.
;
Romaria
Linhagem
daughter
pilgrimage
^
vinha
Que
pilgrimages:
Theophilo Braga.
Por
galecio-portiiguezes.
romance
da
logu' i."^
amigo
meu
Historica) speaks of the marriage
menta
with
puz' en
dia por
um
"
and
of similar
fazer romaria
Por
in the Cancioneiro
again
over
find echoes
we
an
and
over
of D.
of Armenia,
Mendo
"
who
in Portugaha
Alao
was
de
Monu-
Bargan9a
going
upon
a
Santiago."
Vat., No.
different
265.
The
periods,
or
spelling
even
in
of
the
Portuguese
same
varies
period,
and
so
finitely
in-
to-day
El
duas
Per
que
Ca
verey
Et
amigo
(The King
el
com
vem
que
:
vi
nunca
que
bem
gram
hy."^
Santiago presently,
and
pilgrimage will come,
heart, so Heaven
pardon
favours
Heaven
gives me
Am
glad
For
the
The
King,
whom
the
King
at
two
love
my
I
me,
thereby :
shall I see, and together
saw,
is coming hither.)
I ne'er
yet another
in
foreign influence
underwent
Portugal
fez Deus
to
Mother, in
With
3
vem
me
que
el rey
meu
LYRICS
de coragom
praz-me
Deus
me
perdon',
sse
cousas,
tenho
Em
EARLY
rromaria
Santiagu em
Rey, madre,
A
^'
THE
AND
DINIZ
KING
their
on
passed by Crusaders
to the Holy Land, and
frequently driven
they were
way
to take refuge there.
Thus, in 1147,
by stress of weather
thousand
from Flanders,
Crusaders
of thirteen
a force
for
way,
its coast
Affonso
Wherever
"
quotations
vowels
have
(for Saa)
de
two
Sa
as
Miranda
apparent
inconsistency
Thomaz
is due
said
be
echoes
a
z,
of the
here
that
of the
poetry
1
C. da
Luis,
Lusiads
verse
if any
No.
Vat.
J
Luiz,
these
458
the
and
the
spelling
fact
that,
reader,
has
{cf.Nos.
of
not
429,
Licis
knowing
he
will
455,
de
the
attempted
article).
been
has
two
Jlor(Jlos).
Camoes
latter
and
his
wrote
documents.
are
make
sadly
but
them
Portuguese,
689).
"
title-pageof the
to
err
(thing)
where
[maior), but
the
taken
accent
circumflex
throughout
been
translations
indefinite
acute
while
on
been
has
the
in contemporary
translations
Care
for
one
appears
(1572) and
the
from
the
to
not
originals.
possible,but
as
King
settled
coisa
or
cousa
{dolor),trior
the
"
"
"
^or
Ribeiro
name
of them
spelling
ua,
into
Another
with
of
titna,
run
contracted"
been
syllableshave
edition
assisted
some
(hymn);
ino
uniformity
no
htcma, hua,
him,
hum,
(c/.,um,
hymno, hino,
^.^.,
ever"
the
in
used
embarked
country.
than
that
had
Dartmouth,
at
recapture Lisbon, and
to
in the
more
ships
hundred
two
England, who
and
Aquitaine
Lorraine,
in
was
It may
miserable
as
judge
in his
first
literal
guese
Portu-
judgment.
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
4
Portugal
great historical poems
own
heroic
and
when
sang
in
singing
Galician
softer
in
Cantigas de
there
The
great
so
prose
poetry of the
the
that
so
long
not
Andalucia
Portuguese.^
or
1
prevailed for
thus
of Provence
2
and
Coleccidn de
de Sancha,
Antonio
llama
el
e
donde
ningunas
que
partes, agora
sus
es
obras
cierto
menor,
de
1779
:
in
dubdar
mucho
fuesen
componian
rescebimos
encadenados,
en
el
que
u
tiempo
los
Spain
provincias
qualesquier
en
lengua
6 de
lexapren
Gallega
e
mansobre."
arte
implies
;
e
como
Madrid:
Portugal
e
mas
que
tant
en
trovadores
Maestria
;
en
grado
destas
todas
la Estremadura
E
se
mayor
que
sciencias
Portuguesa.
del Arte, asi
los nombres
the
poetry
i.
Galicia
de
decidores
6
in
it was
Tom.
acostumbro
Castellanos, Andaluces
works
in itself
esta
destas
se
Castille,
daughter of the Count
a
Reynos
exercicio
much
Provengal
despues fallaron
E
creo,
comun,
regiones
otras
ha
non
arte
es
non
of
King of Aragon.
XV.
poesias castellanasanienoresalsiglo
"
often-
so
comun,
fact that
the
King of Portugal,married
second
Sancho,
two).
an
all their
wrote
time
a
in
all poets of
time
But
the
Pedro, Constable
arte
imitations
Galician- Portuguese
that
his
before
between
Portugal first adopted
and
mayor
his
wrote
(or Portuguese, for
Dom
and
Estremadura,
or
Galician
arte
(1220-1284), in
(1398-1458),
to
written
poems
Castilian,
in Galician
quoted passage of his letter
of Portugal,says that Galicia
of
Cancioneiro
Learned
of
Santillana
de
Marques
The
little difference
still but
was
her
had
Spain
Portuguese
master
a
Maria
Sania
mood
the
no
Provencal influence,
the
Spanish poets
Portuguese.
or
had
She
nation.
the
to withstand
poems
Aragon.^
and
traditions.
and
King Diniz contains many
by Spaniards, and Alfonso
his
Catalonia
yet scarcely a
as
was
Castille, although it had
in
Peninsula
the
Portugal adopted the
and
than
earlier
Provencal poetry
first entered
Galicia
that
It is certain
LITERATURE
aun
destos
Mayor
e
EARLY
Provengal lays were
these
that
THE
AND
DINIZ
KING
LYRICS
in
more
the
with
the
influence
in
than
fashion
Their
century,
lute.^
Provencal
lyrics
Christovam
influence, and
As
the
far
how
to
what
to
the
earlier
the
at
native
and
due
they
extent
native
existed
(as references
that
influence
of
the
national
in
the
art."^
"
O
edition
una
as
poesia
a
cioneiro
"
de
I
from
condicoes
dos
that
alaude
de
ecco
Chrisfal.
T.
"
da
vitaes
has
to
of
outcome
been
some
of
admit
no
itself
its
when
the
height, and
prove)
edition
of
the
tinued
con-
after
Can-
Vaticana), distinguishes
ebbero
del
the
the
poets of the
the
real
borrowed
of
finishingtouch
of
debt
proven9al": Epiphanio
Trovadores
Dionysian
and
people
it the
Portugal
da
Silva
to
in his
"Em
:
galecio-portuguezes
nacionalidade
tao
eram
nao
quasi
conservou-se
[1516].
accanto
to
Braga.
trovadores
Resende
n'
Provencal
the
Vicente
his
to
lips of
the
holds
portoghesi
altra
Gil
(or da
people, giving
ultimo
of
of the
*'
Lang
Portugal
2
Diniz
truly original,"which
from
e
preface
of
became
never
Provencal poetry, which
Portugal, and a
poetry entirelyindigenous
cycle learnt
^
the
King
between
and
waned.
in
Monaci,
cioneiro
had
teenth
six-
Provencal poetry an
Portugal, and that this
in
it in
to
echo
to
were
popular poetry maintained
of Proven9al song was
at
influence
the
of
introduction
poetry
passing
early Portuguese
reallynational or popular poetry, there
of opinion. It would
difference
appear
that
of
(firsthalf
last
a
doubt
a
into
on
Falcao
called
been
entirely artificial
were
that
far less
lasted
Portugal
century) has
sixteenth
with
with
latter.
that
so
harmony
than
genius of the Portuguese people
with the former
Spanish, and were
the
5
ate
o
tempo
profundas,
do
Can-
"
alia
tutto
poesia
artistica
indigena
e
d'imitazione
veramente
straniera
originale.
I
STUDIES
6
IN
PORTUGUESE
LITERATURE
that through it the native poetry
Provenqal poetry was
was
encouraged to take a place in Hterature.^
Alfred
M.
derive
to
refuse
Jeanroy, on the other hand, would
the cantigas de amigo directly from
even
popular source.
le rythme,
par
Si
*'
a
la
elles
simplicity
populaires c'est
la
style, non
par
sont
du
pens^e."
On
"
la
"
retrouve
en
eux
a
poesie proven9ale
paraissent plutot etre
follows:
as
up
probable
la
que
II
**
Portugal
traites ;
plupart des themes
Vatican
du
et
^tre
frangaise y
est
on
that in
trovatori
del ciclo dionisiaco
popolo la raccolsero, ritoccandola
Proven9al-Portuguese poetry
del genio,
que
propria,
sua
il che,
non
punto
appena
alia corrente
^
des
che
all' ultimo
das
durch
und
R.
Henry
sich die
ihr
sie
ans
Lang.
von
Halle
Provenzalen
Beispiel dieser
Licht
um
Denis
vita
von
a.
dell' arte."
Portugal
da
to
moda
una
forza
una
and
As
the
piu
organica
nazione.
Per
Italian] prevalsero
protettori[King Diniz]."
"Das
erworben
die Bahn
di
reale
Portugal^
S., 1894:
popolo, dal
repentinamente decadde
essa
suoi
del
bocca
Einleitung, Anmerkungen
Volkslyrik
zogen."
dei
I'imita-
personnages
avere
Spanish
[i.e.,
destata
et6
**
impulso
per
giunse ad
non
I'aveva
Konigs
stdndigherausgegeben und
von
magisteri
Sorta
correnti
nuove
occitanica
Liederhuch
Das
:
ils ont
plus archaiques
and
dalla
compenetrossi colla
pote guari sopravivere
ne
coi
'*
quella litteratura
ne
traits
la conobbero
fait que
n'a
admits, however,
roman
pays
nous
France
dire que
et
"
autre
aucun
de
passe
He
**
mais
populairesque
plus affirmatif
Portugal this poetry has
sums
certain
pas
ont
evidente."
he
And
la
que
pent
qu'en
poesie populaire
poesie portugaise
quelques details sur la fagon dont
modifier
tion
d'une
parait non
nous
offre le chansonnier
en
I'echo
poesie populaire elle-m^me."
cette
que
chaque pas les imitateurs de
themes
et
frangaise." The
zum
und
mal
ersten
Glossar
wirkliche
besteht
versehen
Verdienst
darin
in die Litteratur
voll-
dass
sie
brachen
"
with
which
Solaz
namorada
Madre,
namorada
m'ha
Madre
namorada
me
one
le-ly
deus
par
d'outra,"^
dirge,traceable,perhaps, to
a
time
language of the whole Peninsula.'*
of a
popular poetry in
proof of the existence
when
Basque
As
the
was
Portugal has
Muerto
le dexo
Muerto
le dexo
Theophilo
poesia moderna
gallegos.")
da
C. da
2
Monaci's
3
C.
Cf. also
(but cf.Don
batallas ").
dead
las
(as opposed
to
the
countries,
songs
61.
that
and
sounded
Portuguese
Lisbon, 1897).
in
:
um
Os
eshido
lyricos
the
letlas and
Basque
leloaren cantua.
perhaps
the
of
ago
a
distant
in the
translation
with
uso
de
by
Wilhelm
isolated
Pyrenean
C.
Basque
quando entran
moros
parallels in
and
the
il
indigenous poetry generally
Proven9al) Dr.
without
and
perhaps
long
al
early Portuguese
imitations
Unguis."
carmina
connected
be
Lelih'es
"
pubem
Gallsecia
dives
Misit
Quixote:
Of
instance, doura.
one
patriisululantem
nunc
models
it is "without
III.
"
:
leli leli may
and
etc.
(Part
Lishoa, iSjy.
Cf. the
415.
"
Leila
cuerpo
has, except
Silius Italicus
Barbara
garrido !
galano !"
417.
edition
Vat., No.
da
la orilla del vado.
a
cuerpo
portugueza.
Vat., No.
1
la orilla del rio,
a
Portuguez Moderno, precedido de
Parnaso
Braga,
the
in
mention
the
adduced
been
Ay Juana,
Ay Juana,
p.
Anes
Pedr'
lelia d'outra
doy
ancient
evidently an
sister
by
d'outra^
Lelia
Lelia
that
leixou,"^
:
Leli, leli
en
leixada
the refrain
compare
may
E
=
leixou
me
Madre
**
^
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
8
echo
hills
MichaeHs
the
"
de
Storck
says
literatures
of
of Celtiberian
{Life of Camoes,
Vasconcellos.
Cascioneiro
hua
"
n'est
jamais quaHfiee
il est
sixteenth
lips of peasants and
the best proof
But
which
poems,
however
they
where
humble
a
is
the
the
in
s'
Levanta
s' alva
Em
by Joham
a
lavar
alto;
o
it.
upon
in that
by King
:
camisas
"2
the
contains
which
Coelho
Soares
poets,
velida
Levanta
vay
Court
linen
wash
to
goes
these
courtlypoems,
more
soil,as
of the
the
towns.
of
embroidered
of the
even
of
It
the
on
the
structure
work
have
may
amiga
E
that
simple
the
flavour
"
or
populaire
in
workers
Diz
lettr^s."^
des
par
que
of
themes,
and
preserved
Diniz,
ainsi
*'
objects
Jeanroy
chanson
qu'une
not
was
much
words
often
M.
continued
significantthat Gil Vicente
century to place cantigas de amigo
more
The
this
to
remarquer
a
9
peasant's song,"
"
a
canttga de vilado,''but
that
is
of
Vaticana
da
LYRICS
EARLY
THE
AND
DINIZ
KING
popular proverb :
"
diz
Ca
Milho
Hero
words, envyUf
^
No.
cantiga
de
created
vilado
of
composition,
wife
in Gil
2C.
3
ever
da
Ibid., No.
in fear
stated
was
Gaia
cantigas by
sings
French
on
the
subject of
a
the
humbler
Diniz.
to
imply
a
tailor
The
the
folk,just as
use
(the vilado) who
of the
singing, if
the
Lisbon
no
maize
phrase
not
the
tailor's
cantigade amigo.
172.
284.
of the
uses
glossed (C. da Vat.,
been
have
to
cavaleyroby King
here
certainly seems
Vat., No.
semeou
sometimes
Senhor
a
Vicente
non
etc.
(leger),
cantiga de vilado
1,043) by Joham de
had
ca
passarinhos re^eou."^
the
The
been
:
quem
hand
the other
On
vervo
o
"The
birds."
proverb
says:
He
sows
who
is
STUDIES
lo
"
IN
PORTUGUESE
Que trist' oj'eu ando, fazo
Foy s' o meu
amigo e o meu
boa
Donas, per
fS
Ala
she looks
Mas
quant' oj' eu
speaks of
"
Meu
O
amigo
ss'
much
meu
meu
but
more
the
gradesco Ih'al
in the
"
as
d'el
cas'
em
e
meu
King's house
"
or
for
rey,"*
rey,^
cas' d'el
a
el rey morar,^
el rey."''
com
of
imitations
Court
the
of those
cantiga
approach
by King Diniz
tainly
Cercloselyto the simple popular form.
most
fascinating and
original of all the
some
early Portuguese lyrics are
written
e
fez;^
amigo
amigo com
amigo que 6
o
clearly
are
amigo,
amigo
espelho^ vi
meu
muyt'
fremosa
her
Vay
de
no
King":
Foi
These
deus
a
m'el
Que
the
coragom,
glass:
a
Gradesc'
''with
razom,
gram
el e;^
hu
est
in
"
she
LITERATURE
the
cantigas de amigo,
(=senhora) to speak or rather
Senhor
these
sing :^
1
C. da
Vat., No.
By Joham
298.
2
Espelho
de a90
de
ou
de
Lopes
"
polido
cristal formoso.
(Camoes, Las.,
3
Ibid., No.
335.
By
Pero
Gomes
*
Ibid., No.
419.
By
Pero
da
^
Ibid., No.
634.
By Joham
^
Ibid.,No.
7
Ibid.
No.
,
s
The
632.
334.
popular
and
composed
already noted
By
Pero
songs
sung
the
By
the
by
songs
viii.
' '
87.)
Barroso.
Ponte.
Ayras
of Santiago.
same.
Gomes
from
the
and
Ulhoa.
which
women
Barroso.
they
were
themselves.
improvisations
of the
derived
Latin
women
be
would
writers
had
of Galicia.
DINIZ
KING
THE
AND
Sedia la fremosa
manselinha
Sa voz
"
LYRICS
EARLY
seu
ii
fuso torcendo,
fremoso dizendo
Cantigasd'amigo."
(The fair one
spinning,her
de amigo.)
singingcantigas
"
sat
Tres
soft voice
d'amor
cantavam
mo^as
Mui
fremosinhas^
pastores,
Mui
coytadasdos
amores
;
senhor
:
E
mha
diss' unha
beautifully
Dized', amigas,comigo
O
do
cantar
(Three maidens
amigo."^
men
singing
were
of
love, very
shepherdesses,greatlytroubled with love ;
of them, my
lady, said : Friends, sing with
song
of my
"
and
me
fair
one
the
friend.)
Fex
hunha
Ora
meu
Que nunca
Mays como
cantigad'amor
amigo por mi
melhor
feytavi ;
x'
e
Fez
huas lirias no
Que
mi
sacam
o
trobador
muy
som
coragom." ^
song of love my friend for me
Has made
I saw
: ne'er fairer song
(A
But
he,
well skilled in
And
There
great demand
ladies,so much
1
2
3
beauty
they draw.)
for these
was
the Court
poetry.
of such
has made
music that my heart
Verses
so
;
cantigasamong
that doubts
Fremosmhas
were
(Monaci).
jograr.
Vat.,No. 867, By 'Lourenqo,
No.
Ibid.,
By Juyao [Julian]Bolseyro.
779.
C. da
BMU
LIBRARY
some-
times
expressed
old
an
made
one
**
(In the
"
to
to
serve
cantar
Por
mi,
he
Fez
meu
Per
boa
whether
as
No
song
hua
Mays
E
The
end
se
o
sey
ja
with
a
cantigasde amigo
i assonants
monte
a
do
amores
Os
amores
Os
C. da
'
Or
amores
Vat., No.
819.
possibly vado.
volviam.
agua
na
fria fontana,
a
filha,mentis
cervo
que
agua.
volvesse
amigo,
por
rio.
!
ey
vi
fria,
!
filha,mentis
Mentis, minha
Nunca
?
fontana
na
volviam
monte
ey
vi
Nunca
two
lou9ana,
fria fontana
ey !
minha
madre,
Mentis, minha
"
filha
do
Os
second
filha velida,
fontana fria ?
Cervos
Cervos
the
in
:
Tardei,
Tardei,
;
are
ey !
amores
amores
fez
s' o cantar
porque
vez."^
valrria hunha
ey !
minha
madre,
Os
it.)
seu.
bem
eu
lines of the
amores
made
cantar
seu
querria por
Digades filha,minha
Porque tardastes, na
Os
he
me
.
.
Digades filha,minha
Porque tardastes na
Os
if for
for me,
o
the broader
"
:
fe
key, ending
with
or
new,
diz que fez
por mi fez."^
amigo, amigas,
dona
first two
minor
for the occasion
made
cantar
o
cantiga was
a
que
.
E
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
12
cervo
que
volvess'
por
o
amado,
alto.^
ey !"*
2
/j^-^^ No.
**
C. da
361.
Vat., No.
By Joham de Guilhade.
797.
By
Pero
Meogo.
a
DINIZ
KING
Tell
LYRICS
daughter, my daughter fair,
from the cool spring so long were
Alas, I
13
in love
am
you
coming
?
you
coming
?
!
daughter, my lovelydaughter,
the cool spring why so long were
me,
From
Alas,
I
in love
am
the
by
Mother,
Deer
EARLY
me,
Why
Tell
THE
AND
from
!
cool
the
spring
tarried,
I
the
mountain
water
troubling.
were
in love !
Alas, I am
I tarried,mother, by the cool spring.
Deer
from
the
mountain
in love !
Alas, I am
'Tis false,oh my
daughter
For
ne'er
;
in love !
Alas, I am
'Tis false,oh my
daughter
For
ne'er
Alas, I
"
in love
am
De
I deer
saw
Madre,
De
Madre,
Alva
e
d'amores
moyro
songs,
Torneol
water.
mi
deu
meu
?
amigo,
so
of which
lougano
que
mi
deu
meu
amado
^
deus
val !
d'amor
estou
deus
ferida
!
val !
"arise,"
or
="up"
a
dehghtful example
Cf.
the
is that
by
alvoradas, aubades,
Fernandez
Nuno
:
"'
Levad'
amigo,
Toda-las
Leda
*
the
dallied,
la fremosinha^
Dizia
Ay
dawn
que
d'amores
Como
and
you
velido
filha,a do corpo
liero."
vay
Ay
=Aube,
stream.
liero.
"
1
the
trouble
lingered,
you
love
your
filha,a do corpo
morredes
que
trouble
with
;
one
water.
!)
moyro
Alva-'- e vay
loved
would
that
morredes
que
with
would
that
I deer
saw
troublingthe
were
m'
C. da Vat., No.
aves
and'
170.
que
dormides
mundo
do
as
d'amor
manhanas
frias
!
diziam.
"
eu.
By
King
Diniz.
^
Fremosmha
(Monaci).
STUDIES
14
Dizia
Como
E
vejo o
The
"
How
I cannot
Heaven
"
me
the
see
"
I cannot
see
Heaven
!)
Thus
the
love
with
that
Be
"
with
"
"
!
Heaven
Be
"
with
me
Heaven
me
greatly loved.
!
Heaven
me
"
Be
couplets,to form
fallingin the i and
coming first.^
1
C. da
Vat., No.
2
Thus
in
do Inverno
the
the cantiga de amigo in
followingshould
"
Del
A
be
rosal
Vengo
del
riberas
Viera
estar
Vengo
del
A
riberas
Viera
Vengo
Sanches.
Affonso
By
368.
!
with
are
second
and
I
desired;
!
Heaven
me
!
repeated in the first and
of wail or litany,rising
a kind
sounds, the former always
a
words
same
I
love
which
with
Be
"
"
Heaven
me
me
with
Be
"
good that
Troubled
!
love !
with
with
Be
!
Heaven
me
with
Be
"
"
with
wounded
love !
saying
was
I troubled
am
And
"
"
with
lovely one
amava.
with
Be
saying
I wounded
muito
que
val !"^
deus
was
coytada
val !
deus
Ay
one
d'amor
estou
como
Nom
queria ;
que
val !
deus
Ay
am
val !
vejo o bem
Ay
!
ferida
d'amor
estou
Nom
coytada
val !
deus
E
d'amor
estou
como
Ay
How
val !
deus
Ay
talhada
la bem
deus
Ay
(The fair
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
estar
in Gil
Spanish
the
vengo,
order
mi
:
madre,
rosal.
aquel rio
rosal florido,
de
rosal.
de
aquel
rosal
del rosal.
vado
granado,
Vicente's
Triumpho
In
mother
the
one
"
Filha
the
daughter
Madre,
says
:
que
o
eu
sey
answers
faz
nom
that he loves you
I know
(Daughter,
and
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
i6
^
ey d'al."
creer-vos
I believe
mother
already
over
won
or
you.)
King
Diniz
show
being
coaxed
into
cantigas by
charming
;
:
'(Mother, in aught else will
Two
not)
the
sent
con-
:
"
Vy-vos, madre,
Oje falar e ouv'
Ca
pode
Nom
El pos
OS
(I
E
tornou
E
por
saw
love, and
end'
great
was
turned
have
to
on
pleasurein
mine, when
Mha^
Vou
Do
1
C. da
2
Ibid., No.
189.
*
Monaci.
Senhor
is fair.
Vat.,
No.
.
289.
.
.
he
laughed,
of you,
therefore
I
leave
took
and
heart.)
my
"
coragon."^
no
gaily and
you
riiu ;
e
to-day speaking with my
For since he went
delight.
then
but be for my good. And
mother, here
his eyes
he fixed
vos
you,
my
espediu,
vos
led'
ey prazer
joyfullyit cannot
hence
and
contra
enton
mens
nos
xi
.
.
.
bem.
meu
por
olhos
sens
prazer.
partiud'aquem
senom
vistes que
Quando
gram
eu
seer
amig' aqui
meu
s' el ledo
que
poys
com
^
madre
m'
a
la
velyda
baylia
amor.
By Joham
Scares
Coelho.
3
Braga
in
his edition
=Minha.
printsfnadr'
/=
my
mother
Mha
m'
Do
going
of my
house
There
d'Elvas
the
baylada
a
la
baylia
Que
fazem
em
vila
em
casa
amor,
fazem
l3o
que
Do
amor."
muit'
eu
I
I
mother,
to
la
m'
(Mother, fair mother,
am
a
Vou
Que
I
17
amor.
Do
noble
LYRICS
loada
madre
Vou
Mother,
EARLY
THE
AND
DINIZ
KING
to the
going
am
going
am
in the
dance
amava
the
to
of love.
dance
to the
town,
of love.
dance
dance
in the
love.)
is
similar
a
cantiga by
Fernandes
Stevam
:
*'
chegou
Madre,
amig' oj'aqui.
meu
nom
filha,com
praz.
que me
Por deus, mha
torto
madre, gram
per faz.
Nom
filha,ca perdedes hy.
faz, mha
Mays perderey, madre, se el perder.
Ihe sabedes, mha
Bem
filha,querer."^
Novas
som,
(Mother, to-day
my
love
this
you
do
is for
mother, if
me
love
him
And
another
"
News
no
"
loss.
"
love.
my
"
loss
Greater
Daughter,
you
will
know
well.)
**
by
Pedro
de
Veer
Vejo-vos, filha,tam
Chorar
this,
"
your
I lose
hither.
came
pleasure. Mother, 'fore
No, my
daughter,
great wrong!
daughter, that gives me
Heaven,
for
my
tam
1
muyto
C. da
:
de
coragom
que
ey
Vat., No.
684
eu
pesar
be
mine,
how
to
i8
STUDIES
IN
PORTUGUESE
venho-vos
E
mi
Que
LITERATURE
esto
por
deus
digades,se
andades
m'
Porque
preguntar
perdon',
vos
triste chorando
tarn
Nom
poss' eu, madre, sempr'
Nom
vos
chorar
Mays
Algum
muyt'
Que
com
amigo queredes
venho-vos
E
e
esto
por
"
cantar
en^
por
que
bem.
gram
preguntar,
deus
digades,se
me
"
cantando.
andar
vej'eu, filha,sempre
?
perdon',
vos
triste chorando
?
tam
Porque m' andades
Nom
poss'eu, madre, sempr' andar cantando."
"
(Daughter, I see
grieved, and come
pardon
why
you,
weeping
you
ask
to
are
you
thus
you
sorely that
so
tell me,
to
so
I
am
Heaven
sadly weeping
ever
^
?
"
must
always be singing. Daughter, I see
not
always singing, but heavily weeping, and it
there is whom
be that someone
you greatly love.
And
therefore
Mother,
you
pardon
Mother,
More
I cannot
"
I
why
you,
are
rarelythe cantigais
Irmaa,
friends
"
o
mi
Que
to
thus
you
to
you
tell me,
so
Heaven
sadly weeping ?
ever
"
always be singing.)
I cannot
"
Or
ask
to
come
addressed
to
a
sister
amigo
bem
decora9om."^
meu
quer
:
deus
Amigas,
que
Quando
veher
valha,
vos
amigo
meu
unhas
Falade
outras
com
sempr'
Emquant' el falar comigo,
Ca
muytas
Que
ante
cousas
nom
vos
1
Ed.
2
C.
3
Ibid., No.
266.
By
*
Ibid., No.
352.
By Joham
Th.
da
Braga.
Vat.,
No.
Monaci
diremos
diremos."*
has
c6
q p'
en.
725.
Vaasco
Gil.
de
Guilhade.
:
DINIZ
KING
AND
be
(Friends, Heaven
with
it is
shall
mi
Ca
ora
Se
ced'
ey
senhor
nostro
Por
deus
a
never
imitation
of
C.
2
By
Latin
French
da
Vat., No.
some
latus
and
318.
derived
(so
de
lez
By
lo
a
le2
=
?
away
velida
die.)
the following
:
lavrar.
!
lo lez^
sobre
Rodrigues Tenoyro.
Mem
Arabic.
irom.
English place-names)
"
mar
mandey
the
from
say
cantigade amigo
a
senhor
lixboa
En
you
me
speaks,although
novas
mha
direy:
now
else will
or
lixboa sobre
Ay
?
morrerey."^
ou
are
you
the lover
En
direy :
well,
surely
do then, truly tell.
return
Barcas
1
vol-o
eu
gone
I
will
tell
I
lady,
you,
**
:
perdon'
coytado
alongado
love
you
will you
from
me
soon
his love
morrerey.
love, since
most
close
ou
ced'
ey
tell me,
(Come
is
before
?
farey entom
que
Tornar-m'
Otherwise
which
vos
fremosa
Senhor
Must
speaks
d'aquem
vol-o
eu
Poys aqui sodes
Quando fordes
Fair
he
and
faredes
fremosa
Tornar-m'
When
while
shall
bem
gram
fordes
que
Senhor
What
love
dizedes
vos
Dizede-me
That
my
say
lover
the
queredes
Quand'
"
we
19
say.)
Amigo pois mi
"
another
to
dialogue between
a
when
you,
things
many
shall not
we
you
Or
for
me,
LYRICS
EARLY
with
keep speaking one
ever
come,
THE
side
The
.
More
to
probably
side, and
Cancioneirinho
the
from
le and
reads
ler.
the
les in
Barcas
(At Lisbon
lady mine.
new
ships.
make
them
these
In
ordered
I
sea
Alas ! fair
built.
bid
velida !" ^
senhor
the
on
for
on
by her
her
be
to
the shore
I
lady mine.)
! fair
Alas
ships
new
Lisbon
At
written
poems,
fazer.
mandey
novas
mha
Ay
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
20
lover, the
In the poems
singsof herself as fair,lovely,etc.
more
directlycopied from the Provengal and sung by
detailed.
much
the lover, the descriptionsare
not
more
talhada.
She is velida, lougduyhem
Joham de Guilhade
speaks of her fair shape {hem talhada) and green eyes.^
Senhor
is the
She
in
a
d'estes olhos
lume
Diniz
by King
poem
better than
other
any
**
Que
my
speaks well and
she
eyes);^
laughs
:
falar mui
E
(lightof
mens
bem
e
riir melhor
molher."
outra
generallythe cantigassay little. They consist in
repeating a sigh of grief or love or hope in slightly
And
different
death
and
*'
E
^
C.
2
Ibid.,No.
da
; their
words
the conventional
are
love
:
moyr'
Vat.,
No
eu
e
Cf.
344.
Ibid., No.
*
Ibid., No.
morrer."*
Zorro.
:
Os
verdes
olhos
fazem
Me
3
de
praz-mi muyto
By Joham
754.
"
more
themes
ora
que
eu
vi
asi."
andar
648.
680.
Pero
By
Darmea.
Gomes
Payo
smcere
dizem
Muytos
com
Que querriam
Perderiam
Quero
dizer
e
morrer
coytas, mays
verdad'
a
d'amor
coyta
gram
que
eu
mha
assy
de
mi
senhor
:
Charinho
is
KING
DINIZ
"
THE
AND
tal confort'
E
sadness
Even
the
Spanish
serranilhas
soil, were
due
influence.
Some
"
**
far
so
the
not
French
Oy oj'eu hua pastor
E fazia guirlanda de
pastor
Muit'
estando
E
sigo
E
chorava
Par
Ai
dia
dizia
forgava:
a
que
dia
grave
!
queixando
s'estava
molher
Come
E
a
que
Nacera
com
fora
dizia
Tu
nom
Ai
amor
quando
doita,
chorando
se
es
coita
gram
des
pesar
nom
Porem
:
mha
nom
coita
^
!
Querria-me-lh'
eu
queria
Mays
nom
Com'
outros
morrerom
mui
por
bem
gram
ela
e
querer
morrer
que
prol
tem."
(C. da Vat.y No.
1
Ibid.,No.
Vda
coita
.
^
falava
vi t'em
amor
Ela
.
.
flores."
noutro
e
Deus
cantar
queixava
se
medes
amor
Castilian
to
as
highly artificial,
are
Unha
clear
than
rather
of them
Com
"
as
to
them.
through
runs
joy of the
The
Portuguese pastorellasand
not
a
they were
growth of the
have
serranillas.
in
serranilhas,
d'amor."
wistful saudade
and
21
ei
perdereicoytas
E
LYRICS
dia morrerei
Que aquel
A vague
EARLY
By Ayras Nunes,
(Moura)
454.
clerigo.
393.
"
STUDIES
22
PORTUGUESE
IN
Coitas
*'
Que
herself
E
disse
nom
Ai
amor
! evil
And
she made
trouble
but
griefto
but
was
death
flowers
some
all
at
But
times, for
there
E
amigo
So
aquestas
So
aqueste
Verrd
"
Ed.
Th.
'
we
three.
No.
Braga.
'
'
herself down
:
Sorrow
death,
nos
como
before
be thine
love !)
O
dance-
velidas,
ja todas, todas,^
d'estas
ramo
foi lougana
amigo
Lang,
grief and
:
nos
aqueste
Se
Ed.
her
art
avellaneyrasfloridas
bayar.
quem
1
but
Thou
:
amar,
Baylemos
2
she said
nos
Se
E
in sorest
following,half serranilhaf
two
for velida
quem
So
she threw
:
ja todas, todas, ay amigas.
aqaestas avellaneyrasfloridas ;
Verra
"
love
lighterdelightfulrustic
the
Baylemos
So
with
thee, love !
saw
love gave
art
spoke
great griefand
And
thou
me
some
are
I
in great distress
said
cantigade amigo
"
in
and
moan
which
one
love !
to
made
said, distressed
on
her, and
and
morte
born, therefore
as
(bailadas),
songs
half
day
was
to
mha
day
and
as
O
:
fores
u
nom
a
upon
moan
me,
;
!"^
the
since she
se
morte
nom
flores
uas
per
es
wept
was
se
coita forte
com
ti venha
Ca
amores
eram
deitou-s'ant'
and
Alas
Ih'
E
(A shepherdess
with
Ihe davam
nom
Mai
LITERATURE
avellanas
nos
como
ay
irmanas,
;
lou9anas,
amar.
d'estas
ramo
avellanas
baylar.
23.
C.
Monad
da
Vat., No.
has
102.
", which
may
possiblystand
for tres,
24
Will
who
she
will
If in love
Will
Val
De
Nos
de
Com
"
nos
veer,
andaremos
candeas
por
meninhas
Baylar
E
mogas
E
nos
Val
nos
e
to
de
por
cousir^
veer
bom
parecer,
poys la querem
por
n6s
e
por
St. Simon
mothers
our
Prados, candles
to
hir,
sy,
now
go
burn,
haylaudan teles ffmosas cos.
tion
It is tempting to write consir (as a further abbreviaEd. Th. Braga.
word
consider
for
of consirar,the early Portuguese
").
Monaci
has
"
3
sy,
baylaremos hy." ^
meninhas
(Since
In
de
candeas
Queymen
ala vam,
baylaremos hy.
madres,
nossas
sos,^
que
amigos hiram por
baylamos e podem
Nossos
sy,
nos
poys
Como
2
e
madres,
nos
por
la hiram
E
E
1
e
ant' eles fremosas
Queymen
**
nos
por
Bayland'
nossas
queymar,
d'andar
s' ellas entom
todos
amigos
Nossos
Simom
baylaremos hy.
meninhas
nos
Por
punhamos
candeas
Queymen
E
candeas
madres,
nossas
Sam
a
vam
Prados
meninhas
as
dance.)
madres
nossas
too,
hazel-bough
this
in the
join us
Poys
there
come
beneath
there
And
together,
is fair to view
we
as
dance
us
branch
this flowered
Beneath
And
let
leisure
have
we
be,
in the dance.
join us
While
we
are
hazel-trees
the
beneath
There
fair
as
likewise
she
If in love
"
fair
who's
she
And
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
C. da
Vat., No.
334.
By
Pero
Gomes
Barroso.
KING
Let
their
us
And
daughters
with
go
While
candles
All
their
we
Then
will
order
In
to
dance
And
still
While
see
On
for
will
still
And
While
since
daughters
us
in the dance
fair maidens
the
their
we
they
Braga regards King
his time
he
in
in
Portugal
Diniz, and
behind
idea
The
Provengal poetry.
Portuguese lyricpoet was
first
turning.)
(1279-1325)as
in his love of
the
was
Diniz
go,
burning
daughters are
speaks of Provengal imitations
surviving their last protector. King
Senhor
dance,
would
shall be
Monaci
not
turning.
are
glance,
a
themselves
and
burning
bestow
to
mothers, since there
our
thither,
go
be
shall
their
we
watch
to
they
now
themselves
dance
come
for
Candles
alone
and
us
fair ones,
and we
in their company,
together will come
our
dancing many
and
They
us
turn
our
together
there
come
mothers,
our
in the
us
in
their
there
lovers
Our
lovers
25
together,that so
for them
they are burning
shall
be turning.
dance
and
us
daughters
our
Will
Candles
for
in
out
set
mothers
our
LYRICS
EARLY
THE
AND
DINIZ
that
from
derived
the
upon
Catalogo Real de Espana by Rodrigo
de Silva, quoted by Sanchez
in commenting
the Marques
reference
de
Santillana's
to
King
Diniz
:
a
passage
Mendez
"
Este
rey
.
lingua portuguesa."^
en
Giiante
de Dona
"
Blanca,
Que
El
In
panha
Barbosa,
a
en
Thus
act
el
Espana
Bihliotheca
Lusitana
Lope
ii.,scene
Blanca, si
rei Dionis
Que
^
es,
los
compuso
.
.
no
i,
lo
primeros
de
versos
in
Vega
line 66
El
:
sabes,
primero
lengua propia
en
he
dos poetas
iraitajao
provenfaes
is
"o
primeiro
metrificou
em
que
rimas."
em
Hes-
STUDIES
26
PORTUGUESE
IN
Hizo
versos,
Mostrarte
The
o
versos,
que
per
hu
del
rei Dom
sta
na
quiero."^
noche
esta
have
"
Diniz
grade
was
Aruernos
trouador
cancioneiro
seu
Joao
do
torre
" prouengaes
Roma
em
q
achou,
[1521-1557] "
III.
screuer
fazer
tempo
em
outro
por
da
louuores
de
tombo,
quasi
"
segundo vimos
:
se
fying
quali-
a
hngoa Portuguesa sabemos
elle " os daquelle tepo comegarao
imita9ao dos
aa
copia
cuya
chronicles, however,
Portuguese
quasi: King
primeiro que na
o
LITERATURE
que
Virgem
nossa
senhora."^
than
da
Cancioneiro
The
1350
Conde
Dom
being
as
earliest trovador
back
goes
in
mentioned
in
following poem
capture of Santarem
**
A
mais
Em
the
twelfth
Santarem
de
of the
of the
genealogies
He
century.
Cancioneiro
in 1147
fremosa
the date
that
Portuguese
first half of the
the
to
refers the
the
considers
dates
Vaticana
in the Nohiliario
mentioned
Pedro, and
da
less
no
Braga
twenty of the poets of the Cancioneiro
before
by
poems
pre-Dionysian poets. Senhor
thirteen
some
to
Ajuda contains
da
Ajuda
:
quantas vejo
desejo
E en que sempre
sigo
Non
cha direi mais direi comigo :
Ay sentirigo! ay sentirigo!
Al e Alfanx
e al seserigo.
Ella
"
Se
^
Quoted
2
Chronicas
beeck.
o
Anno
sexto.
by
outra,
e
deus
F. Diez
dos Rets
MDC.
Reformada
me
and
de
e
que mays
cuidando
amigo,
valha
vi
non
as
a
dous
dias,
by Lang.
Portugal.
Em
del Rei
(Chronica
pelo licenciado
Lishoa.
Dom
Duarte
Inipresso
por
Denis
Nunez
dos
Pedro
reis de
do
Crasgal
Portu-
Liam.)
DINIZ
KING
AND
direi
cha
Non
EARLY
THE
eu
ca
LYRICS
27
dirias
o
perder-l'ias por en comigo.
Ay sentirigo! ay sentirigo!
E
Al
e
Alfanx
Cuidand'
"
e
ella
O
sen,
amigo,
E
non
sey
al
seserigo.
ja
ey
perdudo
ando
e
intendudo
tan
ome
mudo,
o
digo
Que m' oj' entenda
porque
Ay sentirigo! ay sentirigo!
Al
Senhor
e
thinks
Braga
that
and
battle-cry,
the
of the
whole
the
But
later date, and
a
"
E
Que
more
may
from
his brother's
his
reign
Les
throne
that
and
official
three
1
2
Originesde
Sancho
III., 1223-1248.
El
aia
menta
trez
Historica.)
The
Court
than
there
was
century,
1236.^
fession
con-
the
no
and
It is certain
III.
of
Court
(1246-1279)
France
to
usurp
during
Portugal,and continued
had
King Diniz.
King Affonso
lyriqueen
jograres
a
Provencal -Portuguese
trovadores
(salaried)
3
that
of Affonso
the
at
of
la Poesie
later age
a
thirteenth
of
return
in
2
Rey
to
of the year
flourishingperiod
long sojourn
a
the
themselves
in
holds
Jeanroy
the
refrain, points
"
oj' entenda
poetry before
poetry began with
him.
intendudo
tan
ome
that the earliest is a poem
the
none
understand
the
except
who
lines
sey
m'
old
an
that
laments
left to
now
be
may
aged knight
an
and
1147,
poem,
Alfred
M.
Portuguese
that
is
probably be taken as
that the singer belongs
refrain.
old
refrain
singer
the
non
seserigo."
the
that
siege of
contemporaries are
of his
al
e
part in the
took
to
Alfanx
em
was
sa
France
casa
e
at Lisbon
Court.^
His
moyen-dge.
au
nom
his
at
mats.
and
{Portugalia Monu-
Santarem.
Diniz^
son
of
Provencal poetry,
d'Ebrard, of Cahors, afterwards
Bishop of
of his reign
the last fourteen
For
years
Aymeric
Coimbra.
Affonso
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
28
given
was
III.
master
a
bedridden
was
Diniz
podia levantar),and
still
While
affairs of State.
huma
{jaziaen
early had
he
child
a
take
to
se
nom
camay
part in
a
to
sent
was
grandfather,King Alfonso
the Learned, concerning the sovereigntyof the Algarve,
Senhor
the Moors.
recently conquered from
Braga
Seville to
quotes
a
romance
"
:
O
infante
Dom
Diniz
A
Sevilha
havia
chegado
De
edade
Mai
.
.
.
pequeno
contado."^
tem
annos
III.
Isabel,daughter of King Pedro
niece
and
Aragon,
era
quinze
King Diniz married
of
his
negotiate with
of
the
of
Count
the
Provence,
chronicle
The
legend of roses.
dom
that ''among all the kings then in Christensays of him
the King Dom
known
the most
Denis
as
was
humane
and
benignant, being very valiant and magnanimous
Saint
Elizabeth
of the
liberality."
He
never
promised aught that he did not perform, nor
broke his pledge,nor
issued two contradictorydecrees.
he exercised
Against malefactors
severity,so that one
not
might travel securely in his time, which before was
for his truth,
and
;
justiceand
"
"
1
Born
2
Sepulveda,
of
Lisbon
at
this
Romances.
in
episode
de vi annos,
entam
in 1261.
Chronica
mui
gentilhome
algiias historias
como
quem
3
n'o
There
antigas de
ja naJJlIa tenra
Rei
"
Dom
auisado
Castella
idade
charming
Denis:
"Era
pera
que
o
ser
come^aua
a
saying,
"
Liberal
como
hum
Dom
account
o
Infante
aquella idade
Infante
util
conselho."
mesmo
was
del
the
Cf.
1551.
the
dizen
chorou
Anvers,
Denis."
Dom
a
seu
.
.
.
Denis,
reino,
broke
EARLY
LYRICS
infested
were
cultivated
and
up
roads
the
possible,because
He
THE
AND
DINIZ
KING
much
peasants (lauradores),whom
of the commonwealth.-*^
Wherefore
favoured
nerves
there
fewer
he
most,
also
was
treasury.
being
King who
the
built
He
"
and
poor,
"
greatly
the
called
in his time
who
King
left most
gave
in
castles,fortresses
and
towns
the
and
he
the
were
robbers.
by
land
29
the
and
length and breadth of Portugal,
And
and he made
just and advantageous laws.^
many
flourish less than
in order that letters might not
arms
when
low
in his kingdom, at a time
at so
they were
ebb
in Spain {andaudo tain apagadas),he instituted
an
and
the
anew
brought to it
University of Coimbra
of learning.
learned
foreignersto teach all manner
the
through
convents
"
"
Besides
great virtues, the
these
another, for which
in that
he
without
was
he
humane
very
old
inscription(1314)
and
He
write
to
"*
of
himself
known
others,
"That
should
be
Among
butchers
owing
**
was
to
those
of those
them"
who
who
;
find
deny
a
that
proudly
records
tudo
o
"of
as
him.
of
one
he
is
out
of 1,700
Senhor
Braga
138
"
a
his
king :
Lavrador.
believed
those
and
and
on
who
do
His
as
poems
innkeepers {a taverneira),bakers
birds
God
0
quiz."
que
poems
many
attributed
to
early lyrics are
cites the following lines from
proof that he never
forgetsthat
2
(conuersauel)
nation.
Portuguese
acabou
Que
1
subjects,
fez el rei Diniz
Esta
time
his
king. He
generally reorganized
ships,and
life of the
found
majesty of
the
the
"
He
built
by
accessible
and
of
losinganything
planted pine-woods,
An
greatlyloved
was
had
Denis
Dom
King
their
play
not
with
restore
saints."
oath
concerning
false
them
{a padeira),
or
loaded
what
is
dice";
[to their owners]
"
;
STUDIES
30
IN
"
PORTUGUESE
Uma
verdade
Se
it is
attributed
other
the
to
King
known
was
the
as
and
made
book
other
some
written
not
were
Portuguese Kings he
which
rey."
para
this
:
senhor
nosso
boa
that
probable
direi
vos
valha
mi
Erades
But
LITERATURE
by
Like
him.
of
collection
a
poems
lyrics
of King Diniz,^
of trovas
the
and
tendency would be to attribute to him
uncertain
authorship. King Diniz openly writes
Proven9al style:
"
Quer'
eu
Fazer
en
agora
although he claims
the
conventional
"
forms
Mays
E
nom
Am
the
Among
books
d'El
Rei
Dom
Livro
das
Trovas
Trovas
2
eu
The
nom
que
cora9om
senhor
Livro
Diniz, 0
d'El
vejo levar."
be
Veedes
quern
Eu, mha
"
Hun
De
Ed.
Lang.
:
preto.
e,
a
Monaci
Livro
Dom
Rei
das
Affonso,
a
bem
o
seed'
talhada,
chegada
morte
sa
:
;
nembrada:
em
dona.
tal home
si
0
were
d'El
Trovas
given
eu,
sey
tern
vos
das
Duarle
[Duarte],
Rei
tal home
Hun
Que por
Moura
seu
possessed by King
following examples may
"
*
no
mha
por
bem
eu
frol
da
tempo
and
skilfully
musically King Diniz may
the Proven9al manner,^ he also cultivated with
sing in
O
amor,
no
coyta
trobar
however
But
and
trobam
gram
m'
com
e
outro, sey
em
deeper feelinginto
bem
mui
soem
que
tam
Qual
1
OS
proven^al
and
new
in the
:
elles que
dizer
E
put
of
d'amor,"
cantar
um
to
Provengaes
de
maneyra
any
sei
que
chegada
morte
:
eu
q
p'co
or
perto
certamente
/?o
*
sente
sente.
;
Braga
:
per
consenie.
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
32
the very
spectable
rebegin the cantigas de amigo, which
Dom
Denis, King of Portugal,made.)^
the
in
of
the
death
With
King Diniz
1325
somewhat
abruptly
Portuguese-Provencal poetry came
forth
to
instances, and
end, surviving in isolated
an
rather
sirventeSfwhich
were
love
The
of
of
influence
the
in
satire.
well
the
satirical
suited
the
to
Portuguese
contains
Vaticana
da
Cancioneiro
perhaps
Provencal
that
as
dizer," such
cantigas de escarnh' e de mal
the note
This other
with
Soares
written by Martim
:
satirical song he made
on
thought that he
a knight who
and it was
wrote
very well and composed excellent lyrics,
"
"
but
I
you
love,
my
'fore
have,
but
constrained
for the
I would
1
placed
Besides
to
the
love
to
but
powerless
heart
and
for the
heart
is
to
would
Nom
E
"
Nom
'"
oj'est
E
E
oj'est
madre,
prazo
saido
o
madre,
d'amor
o
per
moiro
amado
!
!
passado
o perjurado,
moiro
pois
meu
desmentido,
d'amor
prazo
mentio
Fesa-mi
Ai
d'amor
mentio
que
Forque
moiro
moiro
o
o
!
passado,
prazo
mentio
madre,
For
"
o
que
Ai
Ai
o
madre,
For
"
chegou, madr',
oj' est
Ai
d'amor
moiro
madre,
E
amigo
!
desmentido
si
e
falido,
d'amor
!
oft
For, lady, it
force
nor
more
chegou, madr', o meu
oj' est o prazo saido,
Ai
put
see
do.
examples already given, the following may
"
grief I
wit, and
greatly grieved
stronger than I.)
be
not
so
and
neither
have
I
now
my
;
power
constrained
my
greatly grieve,
I could
you
you,
I
me
that
wise
griefthis gives
cease
left
has
heart
in such
me
lady, do
Heaven,
my
in your
me
For
thereto.
heart
my
wit, and
and
mind
my
constrain
cannot
be
;
and
quoted
:
not
KING
DINIZ
AND
so."^
Garcia
de
THE
"
mentio
Porque
pois
madre, moiro
Ai
that
he
is
Amad'
frol do
Amad'
"
e
Valha
E
frol do
Deus
Selad'
E
o
"
Selad'
o
cavaleyro
e
sons,
2
An
edition
The
*
ninho
1516
Braga
!
ai
vos,
amigo,
guisade d'andar.
"
Est'
que
Bihliothek
outro
trobava
fez de
cantar
ben
muy
of
the
bayoninho
antichi
;
E.
K.
des literarischen
being published
edition
in Canti
bayosinho
o
Deus
published by
was
of the
:
ramo
e
mal
dizer
a
fazia muy
que
hun
bons
assy."
era
edition
is
*
d'andar.
Valha
965.
pinho
cavalo
bel
Selad'
cuydava
que
non
xxvi.
and
Vat., No,
ramo
!
guisade
Treide
C. da
!)
!
frol do
Deus
E
me
pinho
bayosinho
Valha
E
grieves
it
guisade d'andar.
Vede-la
"
and
d'andar.
guisade
Valha
love
me,
!
frol do
Vede-la
"
to
is the
amado
meu
Deus
Vede-la
lied
last
to-day
d'andar.
guisade
E
and
come,
!
Deus
Vede-la
grado.
!"
amigo
meu
e
Valha
*
d'amor
169.
"
has
de trovar
arte
seu
per
My love has not
am
dying of love ! He
false.
Mother, I am
dying of
(C. da Vat., No.
I
day. Mother.
his
to
perjurado
o
mentio
Pesa-mi
the
that
33
preface
the
in
Resende
geral [1516]^ says
Cancioneiro
LYRICS
EARLY
at
Lisbon
Monaci:
Vereins
in
Coimbra
Bibliotheca
hayo
portoghesi,1873).
rinho
A.
in vol.
Kausler
von
4
of
vols.
Nacional
,
A
Stuttgart.
xvii.,
new
{Joias litterarias).
gives no date on
(in 1875,
Coelho
xv.
in
correction
of
proposed bayosinho.
3
STUDIES
34
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
fulness
speaks of its usein hymns and canticles,in preservingthe history
of Emperors and Kings, in Court
society,love-making,
also for the punishment
and masks, and
tournaments,
of those
who
and
in great esteem,
always been held
it.^
deserve
"
bel cavalo
Selad'
o
Valha
Deus
!
Treide-vos, ai amigo,
No.
(C. da Vat.,
with
Be
"
little
with
the
make
and
Hasten,
"
bay"
friend,
my
go.
Loved
go.
and
Heaven
me,
"
in
the
ready
make
and
fair
Be
horse-
with
senhor.
Manuell
nosso
poderoso Rey dom
o
empremir ne troua que nelle vaa sob
possa
pessoa
fizer.
mais
cruzad^
e
perder todollos volumes
que
de fora do
a vender
ahynda
poderam trazer
rcyno
pena
mesma
ordenado
fazenda
nobre
"
Foy
del
da
setebre
'
era
de
em
todo
Heaven
!
de
"
alto
menos
o
la fosse feito
q
"
da
escrivam
muyto
ena
alema
capos
de
dias
xxviii
Aos
so
Garcia
por
de
"
em-
nenhua
Nem
acabou
"
"
senhor
nosso
go.
de dozentos
pena
Herma
empremjdor,
Jesucristode mil
senhor
nosso
rey
friend,
my
Que
senhor
del Rey
nosso
fidalguo da casa
do
principe
Come90use emalmeyrym
Per
leall 9idade de Lisboa.
sempre
bobardeyro
O
remendado
"
Reesende
de
to
me,
muyto
a
Be
"
ready
"
escrita.
the
flower
Acabousse
following colophon:
geerall. Com
preuilegiodo muyto
cancyoneyro
to
go.)
to
the
has
atras
ready
Saddle
!
!" Hasten,
Heaven
me.
"
love
is my
make
See
the branch
go.
and
make
the fair horse
Saddle
to
with
Be
to
flower
in
!
Heaven
me,
to
with
Be
O
o
preemyr
pine"
ready
but
title-page,
the
the
Saddle
"
little
!" See
ready
!
Heaven
me,
Saddle
make
and
bay
branch
with
Be
"
ready
make
the
of
flower
the
friend
is my
and
pine
Heaven
me,
See
go.
Loved
173.
of the
flower
the
See
d'andar."
guisade
E
"
quynhem
Xvi
'
anos.
I
ela
"Que
ygreja
pessoas
"
nas
amores,
louuado
senhor
nosso
se
de
tepo foy muy
cantam
sse
dos
justas
"
Per
veraa.
Polos
memoria.
cortes
como
estimada
trouas
9oes fazem.
translation
by
Spanish
"
sam
"
rryraan^es
tambem
he
os
is
Antologta de poetas Uricos castellanos,tom.
trouar]
que
printed in
7, pp.
santa
"
Reys
sabemos
estorias
maos
whole
The
na
que
com
e
emperadores
suas
necessaria
muy
para
de
canticos
trouas
castigados."
Juan Valera,
arte
muytos
assy
grandes principes
momos,
"
hynos
nos
E
[a
trajos v
enuen-
preface, in
Mencndez
cli-cliii.
jentileza,
na
y
the
Pelayo's
DINIZ
KING
THE
AND
LYRICS
EARLY
35
Leonid
em
Spanish minstrel, Joham jograr, morador
he says
that the
the praises of King Diniz, and
sang
trobadores in Portugal,Leon, Castille,and Aragon never
mained
again after his death, and that the jograes resang
A
unpaid
"
:
namorados
Os
deviam
Todos
Et
tomar
non
que
trobam
gram
doo
el rey
e
De
nom
que
Homem
pero
Em
o
No
de
seu
Et
nom
Tod'
King
Home
po
^
C.
Vat., No.
3
Pedro
In
Sa
da
de
Andrade
Diniz
dizer
If
.
.
sem
pavor
Christaos
.
a
fame
.
.
prestador
trobador.
dizer
later
universallypraised
was
he
poderey."^
nom
was
belated
a
in
protector
Monaci.
708.
de
Caminha
speaks
of
"
Dinis
grande
"
{Epist. 3).
is
' '
das
Honra
bem
d'amor
fazador.
he
Miranda
boo
rey
.
senhor
tam
foy
bem
aver
desejarom
nos
seu
seid pos
nem
panos
en
;
dizer
quero
muyto
e
Leom
trobarom
morte
ficou d'al
tributes.^
glowing
^
o
de
no
d'Aragom
sa
posso
saboroso
Et
And
eu
que
Que
et
de
bem
seu
mal
ficarom
poys
cobrarom
o
De
que
jograres vos
Nunca
portugal.
de
pode dezir nenhum
seja profa^ador.^
reyno
poys
dos
E
denis
Castella, no
Nunca
prazer
senhor
boo
tam
dom
trobadores
Os
fazer
si nenhum
em
Porque perderom
Com'
d'amor
armas,
em
guerra
honra
dos
e
em
paz
"
costumes
(Ele^.3).
And
"
nosso
alto
e
Dom
Denis,
rei tam
Tam
justo, a
Deus
excellente
louvado
tam
temente
"
{Epist.i).
of
admirer
also a keen
Provengal poetry, he was
fresh
of the most
indigenous cantiga de amigo, one
ture.
charming forms of lyric to be found in any litera-
of
the
and
the
of
illegitimateson
Barcellos,
the
to
died
however,
five
Mencia
have
have
in the
books
Mencia
de
grandmother, Dona
of Portuguese
volume
and
decires,of which
greater
of
Dionis
Don
the
for
praised them
his
King
"
bons
Aos
Ihes
Chamavao
Joao
de
"
O
justo Diniz,
.
Cf Camoes,
1
"
vecta,
entre
serranas
e
eran
bisabuelo
sutiles
e
:
de
his
works
soft and
and
(1428-1438) possessed
Diniz
and
:
Denis
e
lavradores."
as
nobre
tao
todalas
em
King
clemente
e
sabido
cousas
prudente.
e
"
Lusiads, iii. 96-98.
Seiior
mozo
asaz
Cisneros
parte
.
.
Acuerdome,
mas
of him
writes
Barros
the
by
inventions
Sancho
reis
and
serranas,
read
Kings Sancho
to
to
sir,I believe, your
who
Duarte
refers
he
boy,
:
possession of my
Cisneros, a
large
were
was,
subtle
their
Basto
Eclogue
He
small
a
songs,
part
those
and
^
gracefulwords."
In
Galician
Portugal.
great-grandfather;
the
letter,quoted above, continues
other
among
seen,
may
in
passage
magnificent sir,as
very
1350
possession of
the
The
(who,
XI.
in
him)
into
come
Cisneros.
de
remember,
I
before
years
de Santillana's
Marques
Castille,Alfonso
of
de
Conde
King Diniz, Pedro,
King
possibly somehow
Dona
cantigasbequeathed by
the livro de
that
thought
It is
**
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
36 STUDIES
muy
pequeno,
otros
libros
aver
decires
Portuguezes
del
Don
Fiey
cuyas
obras
graciosas e
Dionis
magnifico, siendo
poder
en
visto
e
de
de
grant
un
Gallegos
de
:
Portugal
aquellos que las
dulces palabras."
abuela
mi
:
leian
edat
en
yo
volumen
los
creo,
no
de
loaban
de
de
cantigas,
quales la
Senor,
pro-
Mencia
Dona
mayor
fue vuestro
invenciones
das
Livro
a
refers
Nunes
discovered
to
El
de
Trovas
Rome
survived
3217)
Colocci
possessed
as
Lord
of
In
Vaticana.
of
Stuart
of
the
1
think
Some
than
(rather
letter
that
de
O
2
I.e., the
brandas
das
som
Cancioneiro
to
and
and
by
refer
of
directly
it
to
of
lines
the
in
poetry)
the
his
sixteenth
Michaelis
hum
Cancioneiro
entoarao."
Colocci -Branciiti,
Cancioneiro
for
copied
and
Angelo
Molteni.
Enrico
(See
century,
Halle, 1880.)
Carlos
Senhora
sente
se
Brancuti
Count
"Lord
named
Inaccurately
da
cancioneiro
the
seen
may
que
Portoghese Colocci-Branctiti.
// Canzoniere
Braga,
the
first edition
a
{Cancioneiro
inda
que
rimas
Vaticana
da
in
(d. 1548)
Colocci
3
proven9ais
OS
limited
:
formerly belonging
codex
Proven9al
to
Menezes
digo
Eu
"
and
wards
(after-
edition
an
have
may
Rome,
at
stay
vaguely
more
Fernando
to
his
in
cioneiro
Can-
ments
published frag-
had
Diniz
King
Miranda
de
Sa
during
Diniz
King
of
cancioneiro
^
Codex
Stuart
1847 appeared
In
two
has
of the
Charles
1823
cancioneiro
twenty-five copies.^
to
the
Vatican
edition
Rothesay)
Portuguese
a
and
catalogue, which
a
Monaci's
in
appendix
an
III.
earHer
an
lyrics than
published (from the
was
was
reign of Joao
the
compiled
Duarte
which
Diniz
King
Portuguese
and
and
da
a
of
collection
known,^
now
of
37
Diniz, and
during
(1521-1557).-^Angelo
larger
LYRICS
Dom
Rei
cancioneiro
a
at
EARLY
THE
AND
DINIZ
KING
Stuart
de
"
Rothsoy
Vasconcellos
Senhor
by
Lord
"
Stuart
Rothsey."
4
''
Real
Collegio
Stuart.
but
the
to
not
:
Trovas
provavelmente
1849.
in
0
e
later
and
1825
valuable,
very
is the
This
to
edition
Cantares
Livro
inedito
Lisboa.
de
Jesuits
transferred
was
Varnhagen
mui
Nobres
dos
Paris, 1823.
belonged
it
de
Fragmentos
das
the
was
de
Impresso
Cancioneiro
to
the
da
published
Cantigas
Codice
do
Ajuda,
dos
of
by
do
Conde
de
which
Seculo
formerly
A
whence
second,
Brazihan,
XIV.,
Barcellos.
do
Carlos
Nobres,
Ajuda.
the
de
livraria
na
custa
a
Collegio
royal palace
un
acha
se
que
F.
ou
A.
antes
Madrid,
STUDIES
38
Vaticana),discovered
Brazihan
by the
in
1872
his
Monaci
differences
collection.^
"
"
il
years
Diniz
and
of
day,
1
Senhor
codice
and
Cancioneiro
new
de
El
da
manuscripto
o
contemporaries
a
D.
Vaticana,
prefa9ao historico-litteraria
the
algunas
com
pelo
Dr.
Working
of
to
King
light
the
of Portuguese
illustrativas
Lopes
sobre
impresso
vez
notas
Caetano
pagina,
per
poems
pela primeira
Diniz,
his
in
says
brought
were
to
his critical edition
delightful world
and
Rei
he
pagina
gradually
authors
contributed
had
per abbreviatura."
Thus
da
minute
many
hundred
a
Braga produced
later.*
his
of the
over
published
Cancioneiro
edizione,"
Questa
rappresenta
this text
three
Trovas
selections
also
the
periods
and
linea per linea,abbreviatura
upon
of
fact that
countries
different
preface,
de
some
he
1875
detail
every
the
to
In
edition
complete
due
published
codex.^
Vatican
excellent
the
C ancioneirinho
followed
grande cancioneiro da Bibliotheca
In the following year, and
Vienna, 1872.
Vaticana, copied with
of
preface
a
Moura,^
de
4803),
um
again in 1875, Ernesto
the
(Codex
Carreira, with
Lopes
Varnhagen's
by
Vaticano.
from
da
Caetano
de
antigascolligidas
do
by Wolf
Rome
at
Visconde
the
copied by
and
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
de
e
uma
Paris:
Moura.
Aillaiid,1847.
2
Atitichi
Canti
duzioni
e
Cantos
Biblioteca
3
da
II
per
de
ledino
illustrazioni.
*
Cancioneiro
per
trovadores
Lisboa, 1878.
grande
Ernesto
Monaci.
Con
Monaci.
Halle
da
e
a.
una
4803,
tra-
con
Imola, 1873.
Halle
a.
S., 1875.
Vaticana,
prefazione,
della
portoghese
canzoniere
Portoghese della Bibliotheca
messo
facsimili
con
stampa
a
e
altre
con
S., 1875.
Edi9ao
Vaticana.
Halle, accompanhada
OS
Vaticano
codice
dal
tratti
Vaticana
Canzoniere
Ernesto
Monaci.
Ernesto
note
dal
tratti
Portoghesi
de
um
cancioneiros
critica
glossario
e
portuguezes.
restituida
de
uma
Por
sobre
o
texto
introduc9ao
Theophilo
de
sobre
Braga.
II
CHAPTER
EARLY
The
looked
for
in
chronicles,
(1385-
of
^
As
suis
extra
sive
casam
det
non
hoc
mando
quod
cum
from
is
barce
universe
venalibus
dictum
magne
were
taxes
diminish
impossible.
to
be
doctors
of
exists
asked
the
In
the
that
the
relieved
for
levied
were
his
When,
large
Dorii
reign
of
Manoel
their
concessions
the
and
however,
recipes
granted
certain
taxes,
people's
costly
good.
retinue,
they
40
to
asked
alicui,
sive
det
solidos
si
sibi
:
"
in
Latin.
to
the
They
but
that
were
the
rebus
venales
populum
ante-
complaints
An
answer
besought
told
et
naves
people
the
The
seu
et
det
mando
aliis
merces
which
licet
Quod
seu
(1495-1521)
I.
et
in
solidos."
mercis
[Oporto]
III.
mortuus,
(1279-1325)
cum
pierces
tales
et
60
ripis venirent,
civitatem
eo
fuerit
re-
cultellum
homines,
dictos
mari
inter
of
cum
non
quam
de
que
wrote
eis
Diniz
King
parve
dividerentur
account
They
of
faucem
per
[Gaia]."
made
et
de
homo
the
sint
sacaverit
bonos
most
Affonso
Gaia
sexaginta
per
magis
letter
a
intrarent
adportantes,
si
of
de
qui
dare
maiordomo
probare
alicui,
eo
ipsa
pro
pectet
maiordomo
pectet
non
following
to
quod
securely
already
edict
an
villa
homo
malam
potuerit
vulnera
de
omnis
quod
official
in
Portuguese
from
passage
mentem
per
maiordomus
multa
the
quod
scilicet
survived
which
calumnie
in
itself
I.
Joao
Unfortunately,
only
through
of
Latin
established
have
Latin
genealogies,
reign
ousted
accession.
following
Item
"
terminis
Gaia
of
the
given
(1246-1279):
de
his
in
the
In
already
chronicles
example
be
may
before
early
an
saints.
be
must
prose
century,
finally
it had
but
years
the
of
lives
Portuguese
1433)
Portuguese
fourteenth
the
and
documents,^
fifty
of
beginnings
first
PROSE
that
physicians
ing
entertainin
Cortes.
that
was
the
King
this
was
should
PROSE
EARLY
Nunes^
visions
of
earliest
fragments
Historica
Breves
be
been
from
won
"
Filho,
nom
muito
which
fazer
de
ty huma
heart
my
day
that
will
depart
the
Or
permission
pera
mezinhas
que
ho
physico q per
felicissimo
Rey
colegio
1
"
of
peiia
"
compos
"
King
dia
o
ella
dia
outro
a
que
nao
em
outra
em
nouo."
leave,
lose
toil
great
:
and
.
.
son,
over,
more-
.
justice,for on the
inch
straightway it
:
da
el
reinou
in the
latim, "
mais
pague
gloriosa memoria.
ho
dous
.
.
pedis
mil
se
reaes
ho
Chronica
he."
Damiao
.
the
officio
encorra
que
dito
quomo
nollo
mais
queremos
pena
lingoagem,
em
quomo
use
nao
que
tanta
Assi
"
donis
dom
Rey
vulgar tongue,
lingoagem
per
callslhim
I
Coimbra,
to
me
an
Diniz
boticario
ao
that
love
it
afonso
Emanuel
de
filho,
meu
ell.)
an
recepta
per
latim
Almeida-Garrett
heart
graciously granted:
accusar
Dom
like to
from
thee
co
com
coragom
meu
land
it with
won
be
ceasest
most
outorgamos
has
I
prescriptions only
was
tomey
a
poren,
and
Leon
to
thy
el rei dom
their
eu
terra
coinbra
ataa
e
ca
all the
me,
and
in
account
Morto
up
from
ever
from
0
bra9a."
me
thou
leom
.
com
toda
justiga ca
palmo logo o
Astorga
son,
.
had
as
:
coragom,
E
huum
heart
from
son
ama
part of it,for
any
his
had
VI.
Portugal
esfforqo no
.
Count
parte de galiza
"
mim
cora9om
is from
of
cousa
toma
a
de
(Son, take
der
filho
:
teu
en
affastara
volo
nenhuma
the
Alfonso
whom
meu
esffor9o no
he dastorga ataa
semelhauel
sempre
leixares
take
purtugal)to
toma
trabalho
sey
not
de
of
advice
much
so
"sarraziis''
leixo que
della
percas
eu
que
and
Chronicas
these
From
dying
the
gaanhado
era
que
make
the
quoted
part of Galicia
a
the
of
Some
printed in PortugaliceMomimenta
are
Anrriques [Henriques] (to
given
"
others.
and
(vol. i., Scriptores).
may
Dom
e
Duarte
41
de
do
goes
[Lisbon, 1619.]
the
"iconoclast
of
our
ancient
chronicles."
STUDIES
42
filho
seu
E
IN
auia
e
cassou
PORTUGUESE
reinar xviii annos.
a
conpegou
dona
issabel filha del Rey dom
quando
rainha
coma
Este
pedro daragam
purtugal quorenta
.
cinquo
e
donis
dom
Rey
.
.
LITERATURE
em
reynou
annos."
The
language is similar
Linhagens compiled by Pedro,
of King Diniz.
1354), son
that
to
of
the
de Barcellos
Conde
das
Livro
(1289-
genealogies embrace
those of Adam
and
Alexander, Priam, Julius Caesar,
of England.
With
King Arthur
pithy brevity the
characters
and
reigns of the Portuguese Kings are
boo
christaao
related, of Alfonso
II., "que foy muy
mais
na
no
9ima foi peor"; of King Diniz
come90
who
foy muy boo rrey e de gram justi9a e muy boo
cristaao e fez muito
egreia."^ The preface
por a santa
The
"
is
piece of Portuguese
fine
a
"
Em
este
que
por
de
nome
amor
nenhum
melhor
de
amalo
todo
ley.
nobre
rrey
serui90 nom
seu
sem
Porem
e
seu
Denis
dom
de
catar
a
e
fazer que
meesmo
Moyses
filho
Pedro
dom
ouue
deu
Deus
que
rreall
ssi
como
e
mall
de
cousa
carreyra
homem
pode o
proximo
comde
eu
he
damor
padre
e
nenhuuma
coragom
pre9epto he ho
este
porque
vedra
sofre
de
fonte
he
que
nom
seruillo
em
porem
Deus
:
prose
do
na
muy
trabalho
gram
fallauam
por
lindas
escripturas que
grande estudo
as
escripturascom
hageens. E veemdo
doutros
fallauam
e
em
como
grandes feitos compuge
meter
liuro por gaanhar o seu
e
amor
este
amor
e por
de Espanha."
amizade
nobres e fidallgos
autre
os
muitas
por
*
Of
the
following
de
todo
foi
vinho
nouo
e
e
with
war
dia de
e
his
"El
account:
guimaraes
primeiro
terras
ell
son
Afonso
rey
dom
em
derribarom
muito
e
cortarom
todos
danarom
os
sobre
e
coreesma,
estragado, e
azeite
denis
deytar
veosse
margo
the
as
oliuares
fez muito
e
casas
todo
o
linhagensgives the
soube
jazia sobre a villa
que
E
chegou hi o
coymbra.
das
Livro
muito
filharom
campo
tambem
estrago
que
era
d'aaquem
e
o
pam
semeado
como
arraualde
e
muito
de pam
d'aalem."
PROSE
EARLY
(In the
from
Him
heart
the
better
service
and
his
neighbour
God
to
no
love
this
because
love, and
is
than
suffers
father
and
evil,and
no
and
kingly task,
a
to
man
all his
himself, for this
precept
the
Him
Therefore
law.
old
of
serve
do
can
with
love
to
as
in
Moses
is fountain
God, who
of
name
43
mind
gave
I, Count
Denis,
King Dom
lands for writings which
with great toil sought in many
And
considering these writings
spoke of descents.
with
much
they spoke of other great
study, and how
and
this book
to
to gain his love
deeds, I composed
the nobles and
and
set love
knights
friendship among
Pedro,
Dom
of
of
son
the
noble
very
Spain.)
three-quarters of
Linhagens King Duarte
Some
das
masterpiece
a
both
that, in
Portuguese
Castilian
his
in
have
the
^
often
of
the
From
some
Ceuta,
molher,
fez
a
the
gra^a
de
requerimento
o
do
mesmo
introdufao,
auspicios
do
da
Rei,
o
Rei
da
Portugal
Ensinanga
qual
illustrado
de
come90u
com
varias
Senhor
do
e
Rainha
de
em
notas
Visconde
we
"
at
Leonor
Dona
Conselheiro,
"Leal
it
BibliotheqiieNationaU
the
in
that
written
was
Queen
excellente
muito
Livro
Excellentissimo
Aillaud, 1842."
discovered
Deos
it
Since
to
that
wrote
language
our
excellent
very
inferior
de Santarem
^
first edition
work."
7007,
Visconde
The
of
previously:
years
seguido
is.
the
craftsman,
skilled
a
immeasurably
so
monument
Codex
Pela
be
to
complete
a
request
Eduarte,
d'uma
it too
introduction
as
Paris
que
not
precision which
and
of
hands
the
oldest
clearness
a
should
as
"the
was
is
style of
the
In
prose.
Livro
0
Conselheiro,
Leal
0
wrote
Portuguese
there
works
show
of
after
century
a
bem
Algarve
e
Dona
Dom
Senhor
de
Leonor
sua
toda
sella,
Infante, precedido
publicado
de
fez
qual
cavalgar
sendo
e
o
at
debaixo
Santarem.
dos
Paris
:
IN
STUDIES
44
his wife," whom
died
Duarte
is fixed.
married
1438,
It was,
hand
own
he
in
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
the
{de minha
King, all
King
since
work
of the
date
approximate
the
says
and
1428,-'^
in
his
with
written
foy todo primeiro escripto).In
mado
he makes
to the Queen
excuses
preface addressed
minded
for the style since I was
rather to set forth
of my
the matter
writing clearlythan to write it in a
beautiful and careful manner."
But although he speaks
of
of writing {esta inynguada
elsewhere
poor
my
way
de men
maneira
at great pains to
screver),"he in fact was
write well, and produced a work
fascinatingalike in its
for those
and
its style,and
matter
a
precious mine
free their writing from
Portuguese authors who would
and
abstract
Gallicisms
verbiage. In Chapter xcviii
he reveals the secret
of his art,^a chapter
written by
for my guidance (para meu
me
avysamento)j''(Chap, xc) :
the
'*
"
"
''
maneira
Da
bem
para
Primeiro
lynguagem.
em
algua le^^tura
tornar
conhecer
bem
nossa
sentenga do que
mudando,
acre-
a
poella enteiramente, nom
do que
esta
centando, nem
algua cousa
mynguando
ponha pallavraslatidanas
scripto. O segundo que nom
doutra
todo seja em
nossa
nem
gem
lyngualynguagem, mas
scripto,mais achegadamente ao geeralboo custume^
O
de
fallar que
terceiro
nosso
se
poder fazer.
que
se
gem
ponham pallavrasque sejam dereita lynguasempre
huas
mudando
respondendo ao latym, nom
per
de
a
1
tornar
It
2
Cf.
Cf. Ruy
also
de
teve
que
3
has
refers
also
excellent
very
per
e
de
ao
chdo
of
Henry
remark,
Pina,
who
"
says
E
of
that
d'estudar
{Provas
e
da
e
leer
Historia
geral custume
England
England,
per
cousin,
esto
Duarte
King
e
boos
nom
dead
as
my
screvo
nom
grande conhecimento,
continuar
Souza
King
his
V.
Henry
to
por
was
per
(d. 1422):
que
Deus
amadorde
discurso
The
aja."
scollastica."
maneira
"
"
sciencia,
d'Escollas
mas
livros."
Genealogica), who
copied
(the plain general custom).
this
chapter,
EARLY
outras,
assy
ponha
afastar,
dendo
que
el desser
onde
que
e
PROSE
tanto
latym
per
hua
monta
faz pera
como
bem
non
scorregar
semelhantes,
outras
em
assy
45
enten-
outra,
a
porque
se
estas
seerem
grande deferenga
pallavras propiamente scriptas. O quarto que
nom
de fallar
custume
ponha pallavrasque segundo o nosso
O quynto
sejam avydas per deshonestas.
guarde
que
deve
ordem
igualmente
aquella
guardar em
qualque
outra
quer
screvam
cousa
poder entender,
curtamente
(Of
translated
nor
all in
general good
give words
"
for
a
not
to
write
be
which
in
the
for
of
properly given.
our
observed
of
custom
in
keep
other
our
be
to
the
write
to
be
may
Latin
so
"
the
in
ing
changate
separ-
similar
cases,
great difference
Fourthly, not
held
rule which
to
to
says
that
sense
are
it
Thirdly,always
it makes
speech
that
sentence
the Latin, not
and
part,"
it is all one,
Fifthly,to
be
"to
good understanding
should
speech.
our
where
other, as
the
closelyas
answering preciselyto
thinking that
for
of
custom
into
passage
language, but
language, following as
our
one
any
not
other
or
e
changing nor adding
written.
Secondly, not
to
of Latin
give words
to
poder,
aproveita
esto
pera
understand
to
give it whole,
omitting anything that is
and
e
se
pera
elle
que
se
bem."
translate
to
First, well
language.
mais
o
apontar
e
well
way
claramente
for necessario,
quanto
the
sustancia
fremoso
e
paragraphos,
muyto
deva, scilicet,que
escrever
boa
de
cousas
bem
se
que
entender
to
to
these
give
be
should
words
words
able.
disreputlikewise
writing that is, to write
of a good substance, clearly,
that they may
matters
be
understood
well, and as beautifullyas may
be, and as
brieflyas may be required,and for this paragraphs and
a
any
good punctuation
are
a
"
great help.)
successful
How
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
46
he
in
was
carrying
his
out
own
be
throughout the book, and may
precepts is shown
of St. Matthew
for instance, in his translation
seen,
vi. 24
**
eu
:
e
ao
podees servyr a Deus
mamona,
porem
sejaaes sollamente cuydosos em
digo que nom
Nom
vos
almas
vossas
vosso
corpo
he
mais
Olhaae
do
aves
ajuntam
nem
huu
cuidaaes
covado,
trabalham
nom
Sallamon
huu
toda
destes.
manhaa
mais
Se
fara
vos
a
feno
o
he
de
mos
ou
sabe
de
cousas
Deos
e
a
eu
vos
digo
he
coberto
shows
Duarte
of
shades
great
meaning by
in
this
heticas
subtly expressed
in
one
e
de
comere-
que
padre
primeiro o
nosso
porem
e
todas
estas
in
chapter
of the
calls desvairo
occur
the
de
he
d'Aristotilles.
thin, clear
skill in distinguishing
and
use
respect that
Thus
he
cobriremos, todas
nos
care
is noticeable
1
como
queiraaes porem
buscaae
he
the
nem
este, quanto
Certamente
word,^ avoiding what
mentions
que
assy
a
assy
justiga sempre,
sua
crecem,
hoje
que
Nom
que
sempre
acrecentadas."
serom
vos
King
mester,
avees
as
que
reyno
de
ou
gentes demandam.
cousas
como
campo,
Deus
as
sua
em
porque
cuydosos, dizendo,
beveremos,
colhem
ellas,qual de
campo
fe ?
pouca
contynuadamente
estas
do
posto,
seer
que
;
gloria
sua
forno
no
colhem
vestidura.
acrecentar
vestiduras
alma
cellestrial
que
lileos do
os
a
nem
padre
sooes
o
pera
que
semeam
nosso
das
e
nem
em
nom
mais
cuydosos pode
Consiiraae
?
que
melhores
e
assy
grandeza
corpo
celleiros,e
mais
outros
vos
ceeo
em
; vos
governa
o
e
nem
comer,
vistir,certamente
de
manjar
de
avees
que
avees
que
que
as
o
por
corresponding
vocablos,and
more
His
sentences
than
thought
that
following varieties
of
it
once
is
so
these
sloth
:
occiosidade, priguy^a, negrigencia, envelhentamento, leixamento, langoVf
mingiia,pesume, empachamento, empacho, desleixado,tardynhciro froxo.
,
STUDIES
48
IN
PORTUGUESE
LITERATURE
English mother,^ daughter of John of Gaunt,
that
he
humanity
hearts
and
of men,"^
better
a
in
his life at the
mais
ouvidas,
vinha
comer.
spa9o,
e
of twenty-two
sobre
E
meo
com
mygo,
os
aa
estava
e
o
xi
ataa
do
paa9o
aquellas
veer
por
few
throne
his time
levantado
ou
was
ix
boo
per
oras
pos
noite
minha
de
;
casa
husava
pouco
poucas
de
eram
da
oras
ca9a,
e
e
fazenda
da
muy
vesitava
missas
acerca
duas
aas
ataa
el fazia
e,
odiencias
oficiaaes
os
que
dia
logo
elles
senhor
o
desire
to
reign
opportunitiesfor
veedores
Monte,
dicto
so
troubled
and
dava
e
com
oras.
nothing
meo
e
com
desque partiom,
e
ataa
camera
aturava
e
with
"endowed
era
mesa
conselho
do
the
:
cedo
rollagom
na
his
by
him
towards
was
say
gives the following picture of
dias bem
dos
so
short
His
He
retrayame
dia
there
that
"
was
given him
coming to the
age
era
he
have
study, and before
equally crowded.
Os
him
fortune."
(1433-1438) can
"
that
and
that
graces
many
but
naturally eloquent,
eloquence he drew
was
and
mym
;
vezes
e
Ihe
dar
conta."
I
(Most days
in the courts
was
fast.
my
1
Chronica
besides
her
letras.
'^
God
'
do
as
was
up
ladies
the
well
was
of
taught
Prince
Henry
nearly,and
risingfrom
the
Queen
a
woman
with
sons
Spain, the
in
table
letters
the
to break
came
audiences
I gave
Portugal undecimo
Dona
Philippa, his mother,
of great intelligence{de muita
Duarte, dos
Dom
was
her
or
less
de
luxury and
King
and
Reys
in
Don
a
Duarte,
manners."
Navigator, also
better
"
tion
educa-
like all his
of
One
mui
studioso
his
das
'
Cf. Ruy
endowed
"
Rey
"And
brought
than
brothers
del
great virtues,
and
policia)
brothers,
tillmidday
Vida
e
early and, after hearing Mass,
very
before
And
(Lisbon, 1643):
as
rose
Edward
de
Pina
him
the
:
in
"He
this
Eloquent."
was
with
very
many
eloquent
graces."
and
He
was
born
became
so,
for
known
PROSE
EARLY
49
good while, and retired to my
o'clock after midday the councillors
for
a
of the treasury
o'clock
till nine
the
to
went
chase
the
and
with
they
household
at two
inspectors
I worked
after
and
night ;
at
and
me,
the officials of my
with
was
with
were
and
room,
were
them
I
gone
until eleven.
I
little and
very
rarely visited the
[the King, his father]and
doing and to make report
palace of the said senhor
he was
then only to see what
him).
to
explains his literarystudies as snatched por folceremonies,^ or during business
during church
gan^a
which
refers to
not of a very specialcharacter,^ and
was
the example of his father, King Joao I., who
wrote
a
book of hours of Sancta
Maria and psalms, and a book of
He
; of his brother
the chase
of Alfonso
Affonso
1
of hours
"
well-doing,"and
the
xcvi.
hour
the
gives
E
'*
Learned
"
:
"
and
;
honrado
aquel
multidoes
duration
of virtuous
Book
of confession
estrollogo
quantas
Chapter
Pedro's
Don
that
to
Dom
Key
fez de leituras."
of various
services
Ordinary high
:
hours
two
Christmas
; service
on
ordinary vespers,
and
five
hours
Ash
Eve,
matins, gospel, mass,
day,
Wednessermon,
;
four
hours
Palm
and
distribution
of
Sunday, blessing
;
palms,
six
hours
in
four
Week,
hours
etc.,
;
Thursday
Holy
procession,mass,
;
one
mass,
;
with
Good
Friday,
depends on
only say one
"
2
'"
E
por
the
hours
igreja
poucos
tenho,
occiosidade,
spa90S
o
mais
do
speciaaes
livremente
ca
que
que
o
me
me
sento
no
assy
constrangam,
os
per
That
when
of Easter
that
fazendo
que
obra
seer
is
Day
they
over
outros
fora
que
o
pera
ey
que
praz
;
desposto que
como
e
nom
quero
cuydados
tam
mym
pouco
de
rezar,
onde
gramas
avendo
screver
me
a
caya
pouco
maneira
grandes oficyosda
nos
doucupaQOoes,
Ihes
tal leitura
consiirando
assy,
parecer
acabando
synto
teem
fago,que
dizer
fa90 principalmente
esto
me
outros
tempo
me
nom
douvyr
custumo
folgangacomo
procession,since
poderiam
que
peccado
respondo
que
of the
six hours.
Eve,
'
'
pensar
sobrello
Easter
prayer.
perteecente,
que
;
length
de
este
em
four
ou
filho
a
algus
em
Nosso
esto
Senhor
muyto
cousas
em
por
esto,
torvam."
4
assy
several
contains
Conselheiro
Leal
0
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
50
chapters on
as
opposed
King calls the "sin of sadness"
Do
ledice."
boa
nojo, pezar,
to
Chapter xxv. treats
e
suydade," and describes
desprazer, avorrecymento
what
the
"
"
suydade^
of
sin
their
Chapter
observed
singers
always
are
singing
or
sucht.
It
praying
or
Miranda:
Coimbra
nao
in
Spanish (in
Soledad
O
Duarte
for
neither
it:
E
"
suydade
nom
vezes
mimosa
nor
2
de
proprio
prazer
Sehn-
German
A
soidade.
poem
de
So
be
Sa
shaken
divisa
a
wistful-
da
off).
cidade
paixao da
que
se
gosta
the
o
que
'
'
It is, he
care.
sentido
do
cora9om
hum
e
De
nojo
por
Mello,
isso
bem
que
wishes
a
a
"
:
subtil
dor
da
que
notes
word
vem
da
nome
de
saiba
eu
[a suidade] algumas
tristeza.
says
tao
se
haver
se
ou
este
parece
linguagem
outra
nem
indistincta
me
porem
que
of
born
he
pleasurable or sad, and
language has a corresponding
latym
de
says,
be
huu
com
qualities he
seja pallavroso."
great
semelhante.
alma,
e
ti,
naci.
...
Manoel
Francisco
de
E
razom.
outras
e
may
other
he
tal sentido
pera
Among
sobre
part
"
are
it is suidade.
...
de
nom
e
and
experimenta, deixandonos
mal
and
written
Comedia
' '
donde
with
any
suydade
a
tam
com
writer,
of reason,
Latin
sensualidade
he
equivalents
(satidadecannot
tengo
terra
saudade
analyzes
not
senses,
that
best
any
"), has:
"
the
"
estrece
se
other
in
desiderium,
Latin
morriha,
suidade
"A
Gil Vicente, writing
King
the
to
not
are
or
solitude
and
was
originallymeant
Diniz
has soydade. In Gil Vicente
by King
de
early; they
arrive
to
GaHcian
the
"
ness,
sem
smidade, of which
modern
=the
"
f alias
em
in
hurry
in
stand
underdo
not
proveitoand
^
the twenty-four hours granted to us pass."
less than
thirty rules to be
xcv.
gives no
The
in church
:
priests and
{na capeella)
days
how
1
also condemns
guargantoyce). He
new
things {novydades achar),
that
church, and
spend
many
says
greed {gulla or
seeking after
speaking
and
the
with
deals
xxxii.
Chapter
length.
at
He
que
..."
a
So
later
a
saudade
huma
equivocamente
satisfa^ao.
He
se
hum
padece."
favourite
to
have
is
"que
nom
PROSE
EARLY
of
service, but
the
quietness;
there
laughter
no
allowed
be
all
must
and
;
have
a
going to sing,and
than they can
higher notes
easily
attempt
for singing in unison.^
in solos and
In
to
not
singers
of what
thorough knowledge
are
is to
mockery
or
silence; the
be
must
vv^ith leisure
everything
do
to
51
attain, both
they
are
that the Portuguese
chapter King Duarte
says
loyal and of good hearts, and the English are
another
are
valiant
of
men
churches
and
Portugal
into
monks,
of
arms,
houses.
five
and
enemies
fishermen
and
dwell
who
their
inhabitants
orators
country, both
the
''
in the land
of
i.e.,priests,
"
of the
against
in
and
proud
"
(3) labourers
;
(4) officials (councillors,judges, etc.) ;
;
follow
who
those
"
(5)
the
(2)defenders
;
against foreign enemies
malicious
(i)
:
order
good
divides
He
estates
hermits
and
great and
certain
approved
and
arts
sions
profes-
"
merchants, players (tange(physicians,surgeons,
dores),
goldsmiths, etc.).
armourers,
King
de
hem
idiomatic
and
horses;
them
if
form
of
1
that
or
they
that
should
times
of
many
"
King,
;
and
before
food
that
eggs
other
"
well
with
agree
milk
meals
viands
"
cherries, peaches, oysters, vinegar, lemons,
to
be
bed
at
a
or
eight
reasonable
hours
hour
between
and
so
to
dinner
rise
how
the
;
and
supper,
is very
or
and
' '
"
to
;
none,
; there
none
good.
twice
others
little
eat
readers
only
with
not
the
"
his
drink
or
of the
curiously
same
warns
little
mount
"
how
and
should
and
early
who
and
some
of
seven
"
hunting
riding
Gladstone,
at
and
those
has
clear
same
beasts";
them,
estamago)
Ensinanga
the
the
skill in
use
do
long
masticate
at most
cream
to
de
riding
greatlycheer
[Do regimento
The
in
of
malices
how
and
xcix.
written
reasonable
a
(Livro
tells of
It
"the
have
spurs
ring.
three
of
they
Chapter
modern
style.
"
Riding
sella)is
loyal beasts
and
good
of
Art
cavalgar toda
and
"
"
Duarte's
are
go
to
do
stirrups,
they ride without
He himself
of using the spur."
Irish, since
our
manner
riding and the chase,
of books neglected :
"
Os
leer
a
e
screver
a
leitura
hante
mynha
he
palmente
senhor
nos
gra9a
pois
creer
convem
o
a
com
boos
de
princi-
muyto
avemos,
que
tal stado,
verdadeira-
de
almas
todos
que
dellas,
estudo
o
per
casa
semel-
digam
que
homees
a
trabalhar
salvagom
por
posto
conviir
que
obrigados
somos
tal
em
seer
; ca
muito
nom
teen^om
mente
e
virtuosa
vyda
per
criados
e
in
excelled
ensynados logo de
fallar latym, continuando
e
lynguagem, de boo camynha-
devem
lyvrosper latym
mento
sa
lynhagem
boa
observe
not
the education
have
will not
he
but
fazer
possa
comego
boos
de
mo9os
se
que
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
52
muyto
lyvros
do
mercee
faz
se
boa
e
com
conver-
sagam."
(Sons of good family brought up in houses where this
is possible,should
straightway be taught to read and
in
write and speak Latin, continuing to read good books
such
ous
Latin
and romance,
are
as
good guides to a virtulife ; for although they may
reading
say that such
is not
very
since
we
suitable
all
are
of the
grace
is
books
and
In
of their station, I think
men
trulyobliged
souls, it behoves
favour
to
us
that
have
we
work
with
the
for their salvation, which
with
His
greatly wrought
through
the
study
of
good
good conversation.)
than
more
believe
principallyto
very
Lord
to
that
unfolds
an
advises
that
one
de
art
again, since it
preface to the
lire of
good
a
will
"
Art
of his works
passage
book
ever
of
the
fifteenth
should
give
new
Riding," as
be
King
century.
read
again
pleasure,and
in
a
Duarte
similar
in
He
and
the
longer
PROSE
EARLY
''
slowly:
de
Leamno
apontado, tornando
melhor
saberem
o
mente,
del, por
o
se
ca
;
ao
vezes
leerem
o
ja leerom
que
juntaenfa-
se
entender
tambem
poderem
nom
pera
rijo e muyto
destorias, logo desprazera, e
livro
como
darom
alguas
bem
e
passo
pouco,
come90,
read
his readers
Conselheiro, he bids
Leal
in O
passage
53
nem
remembrar."
died
at
King Duarte
September g, 1438,^of a
hastened
was
by grief at
in
yield Ceuta
possibly,too, by his
Pina,
de
there
death
His
body
and
Fernando's
for
Moors
the
to
as
opinions
His
;
biographer,
his sudden
of
his
among
priests
and
ransom
seven
torches
Batalha, with
to
he
gathered together."
there
for burial
his
cause
tivity
cap-
whether
to
on
death
His
Thomar.
physicians.
''
monks
*'
crosses,
forty-seven
perplexity as
Infantes
the
of
brother
his
many
carried
was
at
seven
were
physicians and
fever
the
to
that
says
age
his
Africa, and
should
Ruy
the
and
other
noble
of
guese
Portu-
company."
de
Ruy
Pina
his
prose,^ as
Estorea,
princesa
to
de
singular
porque
^
Born
2
He
a
at
uses
recolhe
de
some
the
writer
Chronicle
que
proves
he
Rey,
della
outros
e
assi
of
mui
liberal
louvada
partamos
nao
virtudes
sem
spirituaaese
e
sentirmos
Nem
he
hystorial,pelo grande
King
:
sua
em
nunqua
bondades
melhoramento.
sem
em
nos
causa;
provimento
1391.
French
words, as remercear
{Chronica del Rei D.
:
following is a truly Sanchian
"prevarication
Affonso v.), and the
Em
que grande parte
"'
to
que
acharmos
doutrina
Vizeu,
mean
King Manoel,
bem,
todo
nos
corporaaes
no
excellente
muy
nos
conversagao
toda calidade
em
hum
preface
addressed
Edward,
"
himself
was
"
do
sol
foy cm."
54
STUDIES
dos
verdadeiros
he
IN
os
e
maaos
boos
OS
tamanha
que
dos
frios
dos
Catolicos
Fe
na
(History,most
of all
we
never
o
its noble
:
he
faz
piadosos
crus
^
liberal
so
seer
fracos
Christaaos."
King, is
leave
dos
ella
for^a
dos
e
boos
e
excellent
that
good
liberaaes
escassos
de
virtuosa
vontade
ou
que
com
desejo
Cuja
obras
per
ouvida
com
melhores.
muyto
teem
humanidade
per
ou
consigo
que
a
ligao ou
boos
logo
torna
toda
a
per
que
esfor9ados e
e
conforme
e
partecipam
LITERATURE
enxemplos passados
assi doce
atem
PORTUGUESE
princess
a
out
with-
presence
of goodfinding ourselves changed in all manner
ness
and
virtues,spiritualand corporal,and feelingin
And
without
not
us
a
singularimprovement.
reason,
for the teaching of history by the great store
of true
examples in the past is so sweet and suitable to all men
that even
the wicked, who
through reading or hearing
have some
straightway made
good or left
part in it,are
with
desire
a
better.
deed
The
liberal,and
it
the
cold in the
so
:
cruel
1490
he
for to come."
made
de
Fernao
de
Goes
best
He
his
Portuguese
mean
who
are
Chronicler
that
and
Gomes
successor,
left
unfinished
an
used
was
Chronicle,
in
prose
are
of the
earlier work
turn
which
King Manoel
(1501-1572) in
of
Chief
"
his
in
and
of
works
of the
and
the
in
good Christians.)
and
use
either
those
turns
things past, present,
Lopes,
Azurara,
that
strong,
appointed
was
much
made
are
is such
weak
Catholics
of
Chronicle
good
merciful, and
of Chronicles, and
Eannes
the
renders
faith to
In the year
Chronista
the
and
force of its virtue
will
or
be
to
by
Damiao
of
one
the
sixteenth
the
century.
1
Chronica
de
{Collect^do
do
Senhor
livros
Joao I., D. Duarte,
da
Vol.
Academia
i.
Real
ineditos
D.
das
Lisboa, 1790.)
de
Affonso
Escrita
Duarte.
D.
Rey
historia
V.,
Sciencias
e
de
D.
por
portitgueza
Joao
Lisboa
II.
por
dos
reinados
Publicados
Jose
de
Ruy
Correa
Pina,
de
D.
de
ordem
da
Serra.
STUDIES
56
arguments
that
are
often
two-edged,
wife
died
Vicente's
before
the
the
comedia
wife
in
1533,
acted,
was
the
noted
only three
years
scarcely have
would
his
written
he
that, had
so
speak of
nio(^a to
be
it may
and
part for himself, he
doutor's
allowed
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
having
beautiful
a
;
"
havia
Nao
It is
to
vossa."
a
that
say
he
born
was
about
his birth is also uncertain.
place of
The
1470.^
ter
como
accurate
more
the year
de
formosa
E
tal quer
mulher
Quern
Vicente,
Braga, his father, Martim
of Guimaraes, the art being hereditary
was
a silversmith
in his family; and
Alao de
according to Christovam
Moraes
(w^hoseveracityis,however, open to suspicion),
According
Gil
a
was
Senhor
to
only
an
common
in
one
Braga considers
from
he thinks,
was,
the
In
the
poet
cousin,
century
velha says
of
from
the
faz
Que
and
is stout
Conde
de
the
attributes
of Martim's
as
"
mais
Sabugosa,
play
near
in
os
a
Autos
El-Rei,"
a
the
to
barregudo
in
an
year
And
death."
dos
passa
sessenta."
accompanying
In
1535.
this
was
1531
study {Lisbon, 1907)^
Gil
Vicente
evidently
not
spoke of
due,
as
five
earlier, to illness.
years
2
who
name,
Gil Vicente,
logo mui
He
E
himself
same
sixty :
over
"
The
the
person
miscellany of autos of the
de
Sabugosa, the
library of the Conde
"
he
different
a
of four children
one
Festa, published
da
Auto
sixteenth
that
was
was
Senhor
century, and
of
silversmith
Vicente
Luiz.^
brother
1
a
Gil
name
fifteenth
the
that
famous
the
The
son.
Theophilo
1898.
Other
Gtl
Braga,
vv^orks
on
Vicente
Vicente
e
Origens
as
are
"
do
Visconde
Theatro
Nacional
Sanches
de
Porto,
Baena,
VICENTE
GIL
Guimaraes
while
and
that
at
was
57
time
great religiouscentre,
a
offeringsto the
many
provided employment for workers
the fetes and
processions and the
effects
may
have
Vicente's
art, and
the
popular
customs
in from
the
coming
crowds
the
would
his
give to
of its chief charms.^
one
poet
was
Vicente
1488
year
of
Lisbon, and
of
Rhetoric
the
year
Gil
the Sixteenth
Brito
Century
Rebello,
this
In
1912.
Gil
(at
silversmith
is
by
opposite
view
entitled
Gil
His
1912).
of the
view
reign of King
Queen,"
and
(in
person.
The
vexed
fresh
awaits
1
the
Beira
frequent
Barcellos
as
a
Rebello
the
paper
in
the
gloss)
question,
allusions
his native
Vicente,
A
Mocidade
de
Lisbon,
2).
signatures
two
the
that
from
in
the
these
poet
ments
docu-
de
do
Commercio
Lisbon
Academia
Jornal
the
Noticias, December
vol. xlii., p. 20,
raised
Gil
:
strengthens the
Freire, given in articles
before
Diano
Gil
II.
at
in fact, rather
read
I., where
Gil
killed
Lisbon, 1890.
show
to
argument
Braamcamp
a
preceding
No.
prints
years)
Master
in
Portuguese Drama
Quarterly.]1897. J- !"
Portuguezes,
twenty
principally on
Manoel
has
no
Schopfer des Portug.
Castilho,
Manchester
But
in
(printed
documents
Baixa
of
the
Vicente.
The
"
histoncas
der
de
Vultos
Brito
Anselmo
again
rests
"
been
Gil
Prestage,
conclusive, and,
1912
Gil
says,
be
to
In
Vicente
poeta ourives,published
Vicente
in
Sciencias
Gil
{Grandes
General
Senhor
(February, 1907), and
de
Ouguela,
[The
distinct.
means
of
of
of
observation
Braga
Ementas
Visconde
Vicente.
interval
were
no
de
Edgar
Vicente
an
and
Beja.
Rebello,
280-286).
last work
Vicente
love
basis
Affonso, had
son,
Brito
I.
Gil
:
Gil
of
Duke
Lisbon, 1897.
Vicente.
the
chosen
was
Vasconcellos,
{Grundriss,pp.
Dramas
he
Visconde
de
Michaelis
Carolina
and
J.
1894.
Lisbon, 1902.
Vicente.
of
the
to
Church's
Senhor
As
1492
King's only
Vicente.
Gil
in
"
silver,
and
About
the
profoundly national."
in the University
to study law
went
more
ever
gold
Oliveira
surrounding country
indigenous cast which is
that
genius
in
laid
dramatic
of
da
Vtrgem
Vicente,
"
of
by
Castello
as
his
native
Registers
of the
silversmith
trovador, appear
C.
the
as
Branco
16,
the
in
same
188 1,
for its solution.
also
been
to
town.
it in
given
his
works.
Others
province, owing
give Lisbon
to
or
STUDIES
58
PORTUGUESE
IN
LITERATURE
Santarem
his horse, at
the
by a fall from
after
his marriage to
sixteen, eight months
of
daughter
chronicles
and
pictures
The
of
of
of the
King
Manoel
after
her
another
was
her
time
King,
was
I. he
married
the
of
of
he
Ferdinand
occasion
of
afterwards
pathetic
general grief.
As
throne.
but
widow,
Maria,
married
Isabella.
and
birth
the
and
Leonor
his brother's
childbirth
The
vivid
the
to
Isabel,
Spain.
Queen
heir
now
in
give
of
and
Beja, brother
death
the
of the
death,
daughter
on
^
of
Isabella
and
poets
his
Duke
cousin
Ferdinand
of
age
It
(June 6, 1502) of
Joao III., that Vicente's
in
recited
Monologo do Vaqueiro or
Visita(^amwas
the palace Qune
8, 1502).
Consisting of little over
son,
hundred
a
according
King
to
primeira cousa
his
own
que
0
it
requested the
matins
on
1
dom
Cf.
Cancioneiro
Affonso
que
"
pleased the
so
author
the
work
Solas
a
Syn
mas
se
esperar
partiero
companhas,
Las
quanto
levam
que
sus
podierom
entranhas
Lastimadas.
Llhegando
Comegan
Gritos
com
gram
desta
manera
dando."
dolor
a
"
phon
colo-
a
in
she
that
represented
the
second
Desmayadas,
Corriendo
in
was,
unknown
luys anrriqz aa
is brought
news
De
The
las dos
adds
be
Princess, and
"
first
Queen"
because
wrote
"
tern."
''old
and
Day,
author
deos
his
it should
that
de Resende.
this
hitherto
kind
a
Spanish,
he
and
fez
aiUor
Christmas
unsuitable
so
in
testimony,
of
that, being
Portugal,
written
lines, and
matter
work
morte
to the
do
at
was
{Auto
prin9epe
Queen
and
VICENTE
GIL
59
Pastoril
Castelhano) in its stead/
Vicente
continued
to
Court,
either
for
the
he
12
married
for
of
Castello.2
rich
children
collection, possibly in the
later
and
Maria.^
became
Christmas
I52i,andat
find the
we
and
without
"
"
.
faz
following year
of
12,000
in
of
view
Vicente
from
and
of those
In
1
E
"
por
ser
representa9ao
tasse
as
e
matinas
a
porque
obra.
2
3
'
a
in the
of
his
works,
utterlypenniless
as
que
sustan9a
have
I
I
autor
Natal, endere9ado
era
mui
the
prominent
the
of
"
new
desviada,
isto
que
nascimento
em
lugar
disto
Gil
receive
to
part in putting
"
Christians
26.
a
In
Rainha
Ihe
mesmo
ao
in
"
from
January
tanto
of
wheat
in future
hope
a
of
received
Portugal gostou
ao
the
present
a
took
em
pedio
from
King
supplementary sum
a
which
nova
do
elrei."
a
1525,
he
ceitil,
nem
persecution of
the earthquake
cousa
desta
father
:
receives
he
which
1531
after
Lisbon
at
to
(1514-
"
aitos
January,
services
end
an
himself
tem
reis, with
the
him."
Luiz
.
.
os
the
8,000, and
composition,
nao
que
Que
sum
her
do
Gil
Hum
Hum
In
Maria
Santa
Martim,
"
helped
referringto
a
farthing
poet
de
lady-in-waiting of the Infanta
died of the plague in December,
of 1523 {Auto Pastoril Portuguez)
a
Manoel
King
for
or
or
Prior
Paula, who
1594), Valeria, and
ceremonies
In
Epiphany.
Bezerra, daughter of Martim
the
four
had
He
special
Christmas
as
Branca
niece
Crasto, and
1536
to
1502
provide autos, comedias, and/^irpas
rehgious festivals,such
15
From
do
a
velha
represen-
Redemptor,
fez
a
seguinte
"
Th
See
:
Braga.
Carolina
Gil
1898.
Vicente.
Michaelis
Portugal (1521-1577). Porto,
de
Vasconcellos,
1902.
A
Infanta
D.
Maria
de
STUDIES
6o
letter to
King Joao III., who
relates the event
"
Senhor,
em
da
terra
da
gente
OS
mais
He
follows
as
frades
Os
"
pulpito nem
nem
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
ora
que
nao
tormenta
esta
bastava
nao
porque
contentarao
me
elles Ihe affirmavao
ainda
mas
ca
pratica sobre
:
passou
:
de
em
he
Santarem,
at
was
o
duas
espanto
cousas
que
fazia esmorecer."
to
on
goes
say
that the monks
thus
the
increased
panic by tellingthe people (i) that the earthquake was
due
the great sins of Portugal ; (2) that another
to
earthquake
Thursday ;
coming
was
and
together
that
and
at
he
o'clock
one
the
on
following
accordingly called the
them
monks
hua
falla.'' He besought
remember
them
that preaching was
to
not
cursing
ha de ser praguejar); that
if in the towns
{pregar nao
and cities of Portugal, and especiallyLisbon, there are
made
"
*'
many
sins, there
many
masses
and
and
"
and
"
private
strangers in
than
to
number
if
that
and
;
pilgrimages,
processions,feasts, penitences,
of pious works, public
and
prayers
infinite
an
infinite alms
also
are
there
faith," it was
our
them
persecute
opiniao do vulgo."
advice, and, he says,
death, to be enabled
and
better
"
still
were
to
convert
contentar
por
a
some
them
desvairada
They all praised and accepted his
he had not hoped, being now
near
to
render
the
King
great
a
colophon
to
so
service.
**Assi visinho da morte
de
Floresta
''
was
In
the
the
1536
Enganos
last
he
property
Manoel,
in
that
perhaps
near
a
como
(1536) we
Gil
country
are
In
the
told that
Vicente
retired
Torres
estou.'"
wrote
his
in
this comedia
his
time."
Qainta do Mosteiro,
Vedras
given to him by King
of flowered
hills and
crystal
to
VICENTE
GIL
that
streams
he
Here
before
or
To
Gil
for
art
the
parodies
acted
a
new
of
pleasure
Court.
the
The
from
be
attributed.
in
the
Devil
says
to
"
the
*
the
In
that
perhaps
the
Auto
country
he
the
Portuguese
wise
Castelhano, like-
parts directlyimitated
and
are
with
do
the
to
art
cipally
prin-
must
signs
many
Spanish
Purgatono
fluence
in-
in
his
literature.
the
(1518)
lavradoVy
E
OS
less
da
secular
implies that it
Spain for the
dramatic
Barca
cially
espe-
fifteenth century.
(I469?-I534),
da
the
find
which
from
in
There
marcos
Outra
is
of
Pastoril
was
vez
a
Historia
between
os
a
seu
direct
de
Deos
and
Cintra
mudavas
que
Dize, porque
this
might
a
early Portuguese
the
imported
acquaintance
Auto
"
the
his first auto
to
Vicente's
close
When
he
mass,
Portugal in
Encina
Encina
a
doubt
play,Auto
of
of
work
in
invented
genius
own
No
the
Spanish,
del
Juan
his
Spanish princesses at
in
publication,in
religiousprocessions, and
of
second
written
of
the
colophon
thing
"
was
but
thoroughly Portuguese
dialogues of
drama
were
in the
But
he
in the
cantigasde amigOy in
in
for
ready
was
Portugal.
of drama
germs
Minho.^
native
collectinghis works,^
was
Vicente
imply that
dramatic
of his
1540.
year
that
to
in
collection
the
the
say
is not
himself
occupied
before
died
him
remind
might
6i
nao
tornavas
logar ?"
observation
of life than
(1527), however,
Torres
Vedras
he
is all
a
complains
stones
and
thistles.
2
"
velhice
Trabalhei
e
Joao III.).
a
copillacao
gloria de
minha
dellas
vontade"
com
muita
pena
(dedicatory letter
de
minha
to
King
62
STUDIES
PORTUGUESE
IN
reminiscence
of
the
mal
'*
LITERATURE
lahrador''
in
{circa
Berceo
1200), who
**
Cambiaba
Gil
Branca
of the
Comedia
the
from
of 0
mojones
Velho
da
por
Horta
de Rubena
eredat."
ganar
the
(i5i2)and
(1521)
Celestma, of which
feiticeira
evidentlydrawn
were
editions
many
appeared
melibea''
during Vicente's life. The epithet Eza mano
be
the
traced
to
{Farga das Ciganas, 1521) must
The
source.
same
Coplas of Jorge Manrique (1440-78)
imitated
in
the
he
he
for
wrote
epitaph ^ which
"
himself, and
Vicente
the
that
(1516)
of
la
Auto
'*
mention
the
in
the
In
Villa
degree
Lisbon's
1
In
the
Justice in
Paris
at
armorial
Church
de
"
grao
de
as
In
hua
chaqueada d
enselada
hecho
d' Amoves,
at
Evora
nesta
da
vida
Descan9ando."
has
Enganos
:
juizo esperando
Ja9o aqui
Tambem
Resende
que
Paris."
doctor
un
Francisco
O
"
de
works
phrase.
mere
of
his
dos quatro tempos is sung
Floresta
ship {Nao
of Sao
slighter
:
"
"
a
la noble
de
Ay
Chief
no
is
diz
que
in
Cancioneiro
was
Auto
to
Alma,
da
morality plays,
and
spoken
the shepherds sing
cantiga franceza
his
the
(15 10) a bed
da Fe
Auto
France
to
/aliasde Franca
mil
the
mystery
references
Franga.''
The
in
influenced, although
French
francesa,and
veio de
a
the
many
prove
the
also
was
degree, by
and
(their metre)
morada
can^ada
en
taken
Sena."
1527) is "worth
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
64
Que
Foi
passada
desigual."
tormenta
a
tanta
tao
e
{Obras
In
he
1525
as.)
needs
Portuguese people
the
says
v art
to
be
recast:
Refundicion
'*
la Portuguesa
En
Already
in
of
painted chambers
and
the
Portuguese
Italians
be
to
the
Portuguese,
do
Triumpho
the
dance
not
Saxons
upon
nor
of the
the vanished
gaiteiroand
song
:
'*
Em
Portugal
Em
cada
gaita em
E
de
cada
vinte
Nao
ha hi
*
*
O
d'entao
E
bailar
^
palheiro
annos
a
ca
gaiteiro.
gaita nem
*
*
cantar
era
ha
como
de
ser."
"
Todos
"
ja
eu
pandeiro
casa
E
this age
in
vi
negligentes
somos
[Auto
Feira, 1527).
de
also
Vicente
delighted
turned
1
to
experienced the change
a
croude,
Words.
rebecke.
London,
1912,
"
"
a
the
and
musical
instrument
Florio, quoted by E.
pp.
of
simple Portuguese
themes
classical
a
in
longer
no
Cf. pandora, pandura,
kit,
of
called
laments
he
Inverno
simple pleasures,the neglect
But
and
queiraisser Genoezes
muito
Portuguezes."
Nao
Senao
and
rich,
:
"
In
inveighed against the gilt
had
he
15 13
gente."
137,
138.
So
taste
wares
which
but
poetry intro-
new
with
three
The
strings, a
Romance
Weekley,
bandore, banjore, banjo.
GIL
by
about
the
Beira
(1526)
Sa
at
passage
Sa
is
supposed
de
Miranda
despised the
have
December,
autos
aim
in
than
more
one
barbarous
and
Falcao
Resende, after
as
da
Auto
to
who, for his part, is said
Andres
1532,
Vicente's
journey to Italyin or
Vicente's
0
Clerigo da
1521-1526.
years
65
after his
Miranda
de
duced
VICENTE
de
to
mediaeval.
Lusitania, records
his
In
ing
see-
opinion
that
Gillo
"
Gillo
would
jocislevibus
excelled
have
written
in
doctus
Latin
auctor
actor,
perstringeremores,"
Plautus
and
et
and
Terence
solelyin
had
he
the
vulgar tongue.
felt that he was
Vicente
to have
seems
distanced
being outnew
ing
by the
style." In the prefacededicatDom
Duardos
(printedseparatelyduring the author's
lifetime)to King Joao III.,he speaks of his
comedies,
low figures in which
there
farces,and moralities
as
is no fitting
rhetoric to satisfy
the delicate spirit
of your
Highness ; and similarlyin the letter dedicating his
collected
works
Ancient
to the
and
King he says :
have left no good thing to
writers
modern
fair
say nor
device or invention
to discover," ^ and
minha
speaks of
malditos
detr actor esJ'
There
ignorancia''and of his
his small
was
evidentlya tendency to look down
upon
not
"
*'
"
"
"
''
"
'^
1
every
The
discovery
other
inventions."
de Resende
of
India
had
brought
aspect of Portuguese life
The
praised
his
and
unrest
of Gil
inventions
new
literature
to
a
Vicente,
as
well
strivingafter
for which
(" representagoes
estilo mui
eloquente,
De
mui
invenciones
E
novas
feitas per
Elle
foi
o
Gil
que
Vicente
'
new
Garcia
plays
De
to
as
'
:
inventou
5
IN
learning^ and
his
erudite
more
doubt
No
those
Gil
Vicente
Of
other
Its
:
says
than
me
With
in
with
*
would
of the
school.
new
Vicente
Juan
del
as
have
an
^
"
me.'
that
ass
mais
e
de
introduced
into
made
doutrina,
Enzina
que
Garcia
acters
char-
usou
gra9a
")
before
way
gave
w^as
Resende
this passage
in
the
Portugal
metrical
the
innovations
explicitlysays
pastorilinvented
auto
by
Encina.
in
Even
nineteenth
the
been
has
century he
barbarously
accused
of culture.
of lack
Cf. his
"
Amadis
"
me
rather
o
que
mais
satisfy,and
to
that
commum
in 1523,
is that, inasmuch
Joao del
pastoril come^ou
O
ceased
e
ca
Posto
O
se
o
autores,
que
derrube.'
' '
Gaula
de
"
(1533)
Mabilia.
Yo, Sefior,
Amadis.
Ni
argumento
seu
saber
bom
"
of Thomar
that throws
horse
a
Com
outros
represented
Pereira
argument
I
Isto
"
were
Farga de Inez Pereira character drama
Portugal. Gil Vicente delineates his
skill,although sometimes
they are
the
initiated
3
outlook
and
Inez
than
"
carries
2
noticeable
the
whether
good learning doubted
from
himself
these things or stole them
wTote
this theme
authors, they gave him
namely, the
saying :
1
more
of
men
common
soon
de
in his convent
*'
so
art
and
natural
poet
be
whole
Farga
*'
author
author
the
a
would
whose
III.
Joao
certain
accused
poets
borrowings by
borrowed.
the
Court
of writers
before
characters;
any
originalas
guage,^
simple, popular lanand
apparently the
of plagiarism.
him
for
preference
and
scenes,
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
STUDIES
66
autor
yo
oso
:
no
se
latin,
hablar
romance."
he que porquanto
duvidarao
fazia de si mesmo
estas
cousas
Ihe
derao
dizem
:
'
este
Mais
thema
quero
sobre
asno
que
que
ou
fizesse
me
homens
certos
leve
"
furtava
se
as
s.
hum
que
de
de
exemplo
cavallo
que
VICENTE
GIL
ingenuously
townsfolk
humbler
his
wherever
stands
especiallyvivid,
are
satire
native
in strong relief.
out
(carrier)riding along
of bells and
**
the
on
that
Thus
his
Senhor,
almocreve
o
OS
his
a
Es
the
lisboeta
menester
que
turnips,and
the
courtier
priest,Frei
eu
;"^
corn,
a
dies
he
muera;"^
leaving for
and
for
page
being redolent
having probably kept cattle
with
his slippersof velvet ;
Pago,
with
his
velvet
cap
his wife
cloth ;^ the
oil,honey, and
second
:
manera
no
for India
three
of
De
dalle vida
years'store of
royal page upbraiding
a
aquelle
cludes
long speech of nothings,con-
para
embarking
great jingling
:
ougo
"
Que
passage
the alniocreve
with
will live unless
patient
and
generally
the
have
we
he
chocalhos
and
vent,
mule
serranilha
who, after
doctor
finds
singing a
Que
his peasants
themselves;
describe
to
67
in the serra;^
the
and
courtierhis
gloves
"
courtier
mincing like a very sweet
giltsword,
and
(fazendo meneios de muito doce cortezdo),
speaking
softlyand courteously,with great store of compliments,
borne
words
by the wind, palavrinhas de ventos ;^
away
the peasant who
has spent all his life toilingand
secuted,
pera
living death, ploughing the land to give
*'
and
bread
to
others;" the shrewd
sellingher
milk
the
;
^
Farga
3
AiUo
"^
eggs
the
5
Romagem
^
Auto
da
India.
de
two
reaes,
^
1526.
"*
1519.
Aggravados.
Barca
and
pouring
serving-man receivingbread
at
dos Almocreves.
da
market-woman,
do
1518.
water
into
and
garlic
Farga dos Fisicos.
Clerigoda Beira.
0
1533.
Purgatorio.
regateira,
"^
Ibid.
1526.
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
68
LITERATURE
(migas y ajo) for his meal ; ^ the hardworking
for Hving on
her labour
upbraiding her husband
hot
the
summer
"
months
:
verao
nao
No
Co'
calma
a
woman
during
ganhas nada,
vens-te
mim."^
a
shepherd who declares that he has
from time to time :
stolen anything but grapes
is the
There
''
Eu
Nega^
girlwith
the
duck
the
bids
or
each
make
tostdo, and
a
when
breaks
pot
and
weaver,
is
he
guitarwhen
"
will
rich and
^
the
sell it and
duck, and
a
egg
a
;
for each
honourable
old
Lisbon
buy
marriage,
who
woman
apprentice himself to a tailor
come
courting and playing the
not
starving:
Que
E
she
and
the escudeiro go
a
lait or, rather, oil,pote de azeite^
au
from
have
and
eggs,
algum' ora;"^
uvas
her pot
furtei
nem
head, calculating how
her
on
matei
nunca
never
fartas de pao
te
nao
musiquiar;"
queres
that work, other
than
daughter, who considers
a
girl ugly and
painting and adorning herself, makes
his days
bent ;^ the poor escudeiro who
fasting,
passes
singing and playing,sighing and yawning," and spends
has not a single coin
but a tostdo in a month, or who
her
'*
of silver,but takes
and
that
dreams
Roland
1
Comedia
3
=
^
is
he
Hannibal
and
do
Viuvo.
hours
two
a
and
loves to tell of
Scipio :
*
15 14.
deMofina Mendes.
his (hired) clothes,
don
gra7i sefior, and
Except.
Auto
to
1534.
Triumph
^
Auto
^
Quern
da
0
do Inverno.
Bana
tern
do
Purgatono.
?
farelos
1505.
VICENTE
GIL
los Anibales,
de
Cuenta
"
69
Cepiones, Rozasvalles,
Y no
matara
un
jarro,"^
who
or
and
his
his wife
keeps
sleeps
mofo
singing and
his time
spends
shut
the
on
hke
*'
up
a
ground,
shooting sparrows,
nun
of Oudivellas
the
ceihng
;"^
his
only
rug
:
covering :
"
is
or
chao
No
better oif,with
slightly
Hua
"
Que
na
is awoken
"
trova
Faz-me
E
as
e
area
his master's
verses
:
fora
pernas
hua
a
fiz agora !
candieiro
accender
o
que
Ihe tenha
que
hear
to
hora,
soubesses, Fernando,
se
Que
tinha
cama
acorda-me
Oh
"
d'Alemtejo
lazerando
eu
hua
Sobre
Elle
Alemtejan
ja usadazinha,"
noite
Esta
old
manta
midnight
at
manta,"^
por
an
minha
Manta
but
telho
o
e
tinteiro,
o
galgo uivando
E eu
em
pe, renegando
Porque ao somno
primeiro
E
seu
o
Esta
This
of the
scene
for
his
master
to
the
dog
howls
is but
in Vicente's
senhor
meu
"
1
Quem
2
Cf.
tern
the
sleepy boy holding
write
plays
one
of many
the
fair of
Despues,
Far^a
latest
vivid
broad
verses
Ylamujer?
en
casa
renir
la triste alii cautiva."
de Inez
Pereira.
y
inkstand
while
occurring
harvesting hats,
scenes
de laSibiUa:
''Cassandra.
^
his
down
the
farelos?
Auto
De
trovando."
Sospirar;
grunir
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
70
from
the
market-girlscoming
the
Vianna, and
carrying baskets
peasant (villdo)bringing his
hills
live
may
life of
a
merchant
the
or
by
a
f
ease
in which
scene
had
who
(pastoramenina)
dressed
the
or
priest,that
practisedupon
he
widow
f
as
up
a
a
little girlshepherdess
a
appears
;^
a
the deceit
or
escudeiro
poor
be
to
son
from
down
heads
their
on
beans
ducks, and
shoes, and
little honey-jars,and
and
LITERATURE
frequentlyseen
God
:
da Feira.
1
Auto
2
Romagem
de
Aggravados
^'
:
Este
isso quero
Por
Peasatit.
fazer
d'Igreja,
deva^ao sobeja
meu
rapaz
Nao
com
Mas
porque
viver
possa
folgado seja.
Quereis-m'o, Padre, ensinar
mais
Como
dar-vos-hei
E
Se
Priest.
Peasant.
E
tern
le
E
Ou
I therefore
the vocation,
I will
him,
O
he
has
Take
Boy).
to
buy
at
all.
3
"
but
give
talent
Boy.
Floresta
de
he
Enganos
"
mora
V.
Ai
Que
a
ease.
Yes,
he
has
priest,not
willing.
a
good voice.
these
Priest.
?
:
Senhor, embora
Embora
que
o
Eu
o
estejais,Senhora,
demandais
direi
estejais.
?
ora.
coitada
venho
ora
tiio
cansada,
"
etc.
know
teach
Peasant.
Priest
Boy.
verses.
You
lives.)
shopwoman
will
Padre,
if he
is
for
indeed
If you,
read
for saffron
Mercador.
Que
son
my
and
hand
nada.
tendeira."
a
Priest.
the
Viuva.
he
sabes
nao
live at
may
where
cominhos
make
to
I go
must
mao
na
a^afrao ?
Sei onde
in your
I know
papel
pera
everything, and
for
or
he
all I have.
you
this paper
cummin
Isto
wish
that
engenho
tern
versosinhos.
hei d'ir por
Priest. Ainda
Boy.
(Peasant.
pera
cantar.
este
?
tomar.
Pera
Toma
esses
Boy.
elle bem
o
tudo
voz
Priest.
tenho
quanto
{to
Is it
nothing
who
for
and
saffron, sang
De
Primeiro
foste de
Que
de
Christanos
says
:
his wife
But
**
ballad
and
:
This
Moiros
tomada."
is the
that
song
I would
:
Branca
e
la venho
De
ribas
e
ribas
De
Achei
(Daughter, whence
daughter, so
banks
red
rose-tree.
and
so
His
a
"
mha
so
of
in
a
and
river.
flower.
fair.
found
my
I
fair ?
so
"
There
found
flower, my
In
"
Mother,
"
rose-tree,
white
so
There
stream.
filha
colorida."
the banks
and
Red
granado.
you,
rose-tree
a
white
of
the
come
from
by
e
alto.
amores
rosal
Branca
madre,
hum
de
Granado,
"
filha
colorida.
meus
N'hum
love
amores
la venho
De
"
my
rio.
rosal florido.
Branca
come
hum
de
Florido, mha
"
?
madre,
mens
N'hum
I
colorida
De
Achei
Mother,
filha
vindes
Donde
"
de
beans
"
have
I
and
carrots
Spanish
a
cucumbers
and
Valen9a, guai Valenga,
fogo sejas queimada,
Ai
"
kid
simple
for
wished
dinner, but
cummin
with
content
not
was
husband,
Her
Lusitania).
{Auto da
Lisbon
tailor of
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
72
I
from
come
my
love
by
so
white
daughter,
a
fair.)
plays
were
S. Martinho,
of
1504,
often
composed
of
which
for
he
the Auto
hurriedly,as
written
the
says
Christi
Corpus
that
it
"
was
cession
pro-
ordered
VICENTE
GIL
late
very
em
that of the
enfermo
fahricou esteve
his plays won
That
autor,'^
"
the
ohra
esta
que
porque foi pedido muito
Templo de Apollo (1526) :
mais
foi
in illness,as
or
0
Ndo
"
73
is
Court
his
proved by
Os
dias
grandes febres
saying
of
his farce
it
name
was
given to
Quern temfarelos? (1505) : "This
by the people Este nome
poz-lh'o0 vulgo,'^ It is
this play that he skilfully
turns
a
monologue into
dialogue :
in
"
ouve,
e
a
jeturaro
da
mo9a
a
ella diz."
que
(The girlspeaks
hears
a
janellatao passo que ninguem
polas palavras que elle responde se pode con-
Falla
"
;
appreciationthan
wider
a
de
tarda
her
her, and
from
low
so
words
that
the window
conjectured
are
no
from
one
his
answers.^)
Vaqueiro there are signs
of dramatic
action
breaking through the monologue.
the
into
forces
The
herdsman
entrance
palace
an
his joy by leaping
(^/ una
punada), and he expresses
the
Similarlyin
into
'
In
the
the
air
:
play
same
"
he
CcUs.
Rapaz,
Nao
OS
Throw
must
Thus
at
stones
be
content
the
although
ham,
Ham,
ham,
ham.
them, boy,
with
barking
presently the
or
old mother
caingada.
pao.
pedras
ham, ham,
as
makes
of
Deos.
ham."
their
hear
for this barking.
fill of bread.
Boy. They
ham.)
ham, ham,
Ham,
place
ajude
os
I cannot
them
Dogs.
the
:
ham.
a
Aires.
stones.
takes
de
give
actors
pedrada
hua
erama
Aparigo. Co'
Cdes.
co'
ougo
da-lhes
as
ham,
ham,
Ham,
fart'
Ou
dogs
introduces
Aires.
{Dogs. Ham,
do
Monologo
the
answers
herself
heard
to
to
his
some
courting,
purpose.
*'
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
74
i6 saltar
Mi
quiero yo,
He
zagal,
Digo, dice, salte
his
In
satire Vicente
In
the Auto
mal
?"
Gloria
da
da Barca
partiall
im-
small
great and
attacks
(1519) Death
successivelywith a Count, a Duke, a King, an
Emperor, a Bishop, an Archbishop, a Cardinal, and a
Pope. The Emperor, says the Devil, has already had
his Paradise, and it is reallyunfair that he should go to
in the
it again. The
a
Bishop has earned
passage
Devil's boat by his
phantasies and haughtiness,"the
Pope by luxury,pride,and simony. In the Triumpho
do Inverno
the peasants are lashed in their turn.
They
enters
"
are
murmur
for
good
without
"
Que
E
ma
cousa
Que
terra
sao
bem
nenhum
o
dizem
;
bem
entender."
sem
all the Church
Vicente
mar
nem
conhecer,
sabem
Murmurao
friars, that
desejar
desejos vaos
huns
nao
Nem
it is above
villaos
sabem
nao
Senao
De
sao
gente popular,
a
Que
But
malicious, and
nothing, foolish, and
understanding :
scourges
and
Pope, priestsand
with
"
his
satire
"
"
the
"
Popes asleep
purple friars {fradesvermelhos), the
had
always
{Papas adormidos); the village cur a who
the hours
to the Virgin ; the sporting
omitted
to pray
priestin 0 Clerigoda Beira (1526) :
"
cada
dia,
Aleluia,aleluia !");
(*'Ir
the
priolof
"
Minho
d ca9a
skilled in
Qu' apanha
as
obtaining chickens
frangas mui
bem
";
:
GIL
beheves
friar who
the
torment
VICENTE
75
love, not
hell,to
be
the
worst
:
**
Esto
es
Esta
era
lo que estudie,
mi libraria."
{Auto das Fadas.)
they
Sometimes
there
her
old
is the
poor
be
to
friar
German
purple
*'
at
up
the
before
less
are
cloak
for
the
Cortes
In
to
the
accompany
beyond
fish.
Rome
master
Roma
O
In his
in
lyricsnot
The
small
in the
look
are
well
voyage
notes
income
other
sixteenth
:
ca
teus."
os
in his satire,Vicente
Spanish
and
in the
The
mass
say
canons
her
on
peccados
It is noticeable
author
silversmith
2
to
vi la
sempre
matas
lyricism,as
Portuguese.
pence
has
his master's
Lisbon
Beatriz
leixas viver
E
which
he
of the
Que
of very
that
Tagus in the form of tunnyIn the Auto
da Feira
(1527) Mercury upbraids
for warring against all sins but her own
:
"
^
fire ;
bare
a
Princess
mouth
the
by
pennyworth of daily
protests that he gives him
{Farga dos Almocreves, 1526).^
return
Jupiter (15 19) the
de
it
in
clean
the
queaths
be-
market, and
to
go
kitchen, and
mass
every
to
burnt
is
Parda
complains
morning
every
has
the
niggers in
boots, receiving in
food, although his
Maria
holes
with
chase, and
tostdo
whom
to
o'clock
after the
a
"
chaplain who
one
There
prosperous.
'
'
but
The
basis
century
he
thoroughly
his
wrote
Portuguese,^lyricsof
in
kept great
dependents,
that
was
of this
and
state
whom
would
farce
had
he
never
a
duck
buy
is that
a
a
best
clear
nobleman
his
chaplain and his
tostdo,
paid." The
five(p. 68) is worth
(loo yHs).
delightfulpraises
Triumpho
do
hwerjio
of
spring
are,
in
however,
the
in
Auto
dos
Spanish.
Quatro Tempos
and
mystic simplicitywhich
joyousness and
Infernoends with
the angel to the knights who
do
Barca
0 Cavalleiros
**
A
v6s
morrestes
de
certo
por
Que
quem
Merece
paz
dos
You
tal batalha
em
eternal."
God
your fate
Lord
of Heaven.
fightingmet
the Christ, the
all evil are you
From
For
Holy
are
Unto
him
The
lines
do
Remando
given.)
with
Purgatorio opens
the
noblest
The
in
the
{Antologia de
and
most
study by
liricos
remadores
vao
de
Barca
found
is
conflict
:
**
1
in such
who
Barca
da
Auto
free,
certainly,
you
eternal peace
Dies
Ceos.
wait,
I
you
who
:
mal,
falha,
o
sem
morre
(Knights of
For
of
Deos
Sois livres de todo
Sanctos
da
Auto
magnificent invocation
died fightingin Africa
a
Christo, Senhor
For
The
esperando ;
pelejando
estou
Que
place him
must
greatest poets of all time.^
the
among
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
76 STUDIES
grande alegria;
is to be
praise of Gil Vicente
Menendez
Pelayo (1856-1912)
y
discerning
Marcelino
torn.
castellanos,
7,
prologo,part iii.):"Gil
Vicente
los nacidos
en
grandes poetas de la Peninsula, y entre
vino
el
Camoens,
le
lleva
epico
ventaja, excepto
que
Portugal nadie
circulo
de repreabarca
imitador
un
mucho
mas
es
despues, que
y que
del pueblo portugues
El alma
no
sentaciones
extenso.
poeticas menos
es
uno
de
los
respira Integra mas
que en Gil Vicente,
mas
populares del genio peninsular, en
ciones
son
lo
y
mas
refranes,
nacional
estan
y gran
romances
admirablemente
del teatro
anterior
de los elementos
numero
y cantares,
engarzados
Lope de Vega
en
a
sus
"
superstiobras, que
(p.clxiii).
VICENTE
GIL
O
patrao que
Filho
Anjos eram
Que remavam
porfia;
d'esperanga,
a
O
quam
bem
O
masto
da
parecia !
que
fortaleza
cristal reluzia
Como
fe
vela, com
Todo
esclarecia.
mui
serena
nenhum
Que
(Rowers
now
;
cosida,
mundo
o
ribeira
A
dizia ;
remeiros
se
os
Estandarte
A
guiava
a
Deos
de
77
bolia."
vento
rowing
are
The
of great delight;
boatman
who
was
steeringit
The
Son
boat
A
of God
is
hight ;
the oarsmen,
angels were
Rowing with all their might.
Its flagthe flag of hope,
fair a sight!
O how
And
the
Its mast
And
as
The
boat's
the
Upon
Auto
vilancete
sung
da
world
Abel
**
gave
light.
of wind
may
de
contains
Deos
light.)
:
Adorae,
montanhas
O
das
Deos
Tambem
as
alturas
!
verduras.
Adorae, desertos
E
serras
O
Deos
O
Senhor
Ribeiras
faith.
calm
waters
Historia
by
with
sail,sewn
breath
No
The
crystalbright ;
all the
To
of fortitude,
mast
floridas
dos
secretos,
das
vidas
crescidas
!
the
exquisite
78 STUDIES
IN
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
Louvae
Deos
alturas
nas
das
!
creaturas
Louvae, arvoredos
fruto prezado,
De
Digam
penedos
:
sejalouvado
louve meu
gado
!
os
Deos
E
Nestas
O
(Ye mountains
verduras
the
adore
places. Adore,
ye green
God
the
of
secret
alturas."
das
Deos
the
ways,
hills,
flowered
and
deserts
ye
heights,and
of the
God
of
Lord
life.
Deep
livingthings.
of
streams, praiseon the heightsthe God
Praise him, ye trees of noble fruit,let the rocks say :
let my
flock praise in these
be praised. And
God
placesthe
green
of the
God
Hum
amigo que
Man^anas d'ouro
Hum
amigo
Garrido
A friend
I had
I loved
until
1561
the
that his
"
sends
me
plays
works,
to
published separately
were
his death.
at
later
years
sold
at
a
=
"
on
not
But
would
was
however,
September
licence
to
of Gil Vicente's
price
( 400 rets) per volume.
editions followed, his influence
cruzado
It was,
received
Paula
the cancioneiro
be
manda.
me
the collection of his works
daughter
copyright of
amava
apples of gold. Fair is love.
apples of gold. Fair is love.)
me
twenty
over
havia
amor."
during his lifetime,and
evidentlyfar advanced
not
:
m'envia.
eu
que
d'ouro
sends
of Vicente's
Some
eu
the
amor.
Man^anas
(A friend
da Estrella
da Serra
Garrido
in
cantiga de amigo
is the
Fascinating,too,
Tragicomedia Pastoril
"
heights.)
3,
hold
plete
com-
exceeding one
although other
seem
to
have
nevertheless
he
plays,
poet
of
Este
he
Maio,
Este
he
o
(May
is
Portuguese
great
*'
is
May
As
a
perhaps
original
poet
he
ranks
here,
here
e
for
and
second
exaggeration
without
genius
Maio
of
Portugal.
he
Maio
the
jollity
and
mirth
his
his
in
and
is
He
unforced
o
of
originality,
inimitable.
remains
he
gift
lyrical
his
be
or
characters
and
keeps
imitate
may
construction
the
in
imitated
Vicente
much
however
But
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
8o
only
:
este,
florece."
is
May
all
here,
a-flower.)
only
to
be
and
Camoes,
called
the
may
greatest
CHAPTER
SA
**
well
and
long
the
Michaelis
refers
This
the
length
2
This
to
Obras
As
impressas
de
Anno
de
grosso
cor
pouca
de
to
seu
do
com
Doctor
1614.
uersa9ao,
fallar que
nelle
;
edition
by
the
of his works.^
portraitreproduced by
as
the
frontispieceto
a
but
eyes,
probably
more
of
p. cxxxiv
on
the
On
same
de
Francisco
de
Senhora
to
Michaelis
however,
page,
engracado
os
na
nella,
;
a
Miranda.
vida.
"
muito
there
is
de
nouo
olhos
nariz
bom
maos
barba
a
;
bem
comprida
tom
"
facil
de
Vicente
liureiro.
verdes
mas
Agora
For
de
aluo
corredio
"
apparencia,
com
de
Fernandez,
preto
;
grandes
Saa
calidade
sua
estatura,
meaa
crescida
melancholic"
rir.
drawn
is
eyelashes.
quotation
cabello
o
natural
em
of
[Lisbon]: Domingo
; de
corpo
the
colour
of the
Relagao
a
with
Such
laughter."
Miranda,
1614
refined,
large eyes."
"
algiia demasia
pessoa,
the
in the
de
Sa
in the
of
Vasconcellos
preface.
his
thick, eyes
in appearance,
melancholy
de
de
thickness
Vasconcellos'
^
na
and
not
is omitted
reference
com
Francisco
descriptiontallies
1
and
long
hands
excessivelylarge,^nose
than
words
biographer
Senhora
"
of
sparing
anonymous
de
and
white
very
pleasant conversation, witty and
and
picture of
The
almost
aquiline,grave
less
and
hair, beard
shaded,^ but
of easy
but
MIRANDA
height, with
black
face, smooth
green,
DE
of medium
Thick-set,
and
IV
"
"
Alvarez.
Foy homem
rostro
muito
;
pouoada
assombrados,
com
"
falla, "
cauallo
humano
menos
mas
; graue
na
parco
' '
81
com
6
conem
a
The
edition.^
her
generally considered
fiftyyears
Writing some
personal friends of
son
of Sa, and
house
ancient
The
Coimbra.'*
date
since Senhor
sobre
2
fidedignas que
Reyno."
form by
3
So,
in
a
:
a
este
aquel
tu
de
aire
i tan
clara
vida
sabrosa
was
to
*'
Montemaior
que
a
de
por
das
geracoes
in
English
deste
abridged
an
London, 1880,
New.
muita
em
parte disto)."
Miranda
has
says
:
nacido
Mondego
bevido.
he
agua
born
went
retrato,
um
coUegida depessoas
liuros
into
i del
He
early
valley of the Mondego.
known
as
Montemayor.
Portugal was
the
dos
do
monte
Diana
famous
of the
author
and
cinco
sobre
Niemeyer, 1885.
Max
:
Jorge de Montemaior,
Vezino
Tan
"
seguimos
(a quern
letter to
Cogi
The
glossario e
translated
was
feita
Miranda,
de
tratarao
Portugal,Old
Bernardes
"
"
brief notice
Crawfurd
Diogo
"
4
Francisco
published
1490.-'^
year
impressas, acompanhada
Halle
Sa
the
Edicao
edicoes
de
and
in
Miranda.
as
at
1495
year
difficulties,
cially
espe-
some
discovered
Vasconcellos.
de
conhecerao
o
This
O.
has
de
Sd
todas
e
Dovtor
Vidado
"
presents
poeta, variantes, notas,
o
Michaelis
Carolina
de
ineditos
manuscriptos
estudo
in the
born
w^as
Braga
Francisco
de
Poesias
um
the
it remains
and
legitimizingFrancisco
document
1
Miranda,^
other
and
Bernardes
Diogo
de
Sa
poet's death, he
the
tion.
informaof our
important and trustworthy source
the
Francisco
was
According to this account,
Cathedral
of Coimbra
of a canon
belonging to the
most
a
after
from
his account
Coutinho.
Gon9alo
be
to
biography ^
of the
author
anonymous
is
derived
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
82
at
to
' '
Montemor
Spain,
and
o
on
Velho
his
in
return
Cf. the first line of this letter
lo alto del
:
Parnaso
Subiste,"
and
those
of
a
addressed
letter
Grandes
5
Sd
1896.
de Miranda
todo
e
a
ingenhos,
estilo
Eschola
by Pedro
him
de
Andrade
Caminha
:
cujo alto ingenho espanta
Mayor
"Monte
A
to
e
e
verso
italiana.
ditosamente
se
levanta."
Por
Theophilo
Braga.
Porto,
SA
Senhor
Braga gives the
he
however,
future
died
about
difference
in
in
hand,
his
the
bear
the
at
Ribeiro's
of
only
not
the
If the
Miranda.2
been
that
is in itself
be
was
unlikely,although
his
to
thirty-sixwhen
apparently by
a
he
desire
cities
and
poets.
be
the
fact that
set
cisco
de
of
his
are
E.g., Jano
says
of
date
cellos
1521,
3
in
Braga
Ribeiro's
her
in which
case
de
would
marriage, which
first meeting
on
him
not,
as
for
times
some-
her
to
he
age,
was
visit
and
the
improbabilitiesmust
"
Do
Doutor
in the Cancioneiro
fact if Sa
Italian
de Resende
Miranda
de
Fra-
then
was
:
attributed
birth
notes
Sa
Italy,a journey dictated
disgrace at Court, but by
^
included
Desabafo
Senhor
he
excuse
poems
Franco,
"
2
of
1485,
his remark
to
and
it w^ould
that
on
in
these
thirteen
same
is twenty-one,
born
her
other
of the
be
this
(Ribeiro)
determined,
travel
to
Against
remarkable
(1516), a
1
"
Saa
for
out
necessityor
no
natural
very
set
the
improbable, again, that
It is
own.
Azevedo,
eighty,
having delayed so long, undoubtedly was
reference
interpreted,a discourteous
but
his
On
but
time
Briolanja, begging
Dona
of
to
he
age
the
fifty-oneat
with
eclogue Jano
poem
latter
As,
de
age
appear
Ribeiro's
on
1485.
Lisbon
is remarkable.
ages
expressly says
date
as
Machado
(Sa de Miranda)
age.^ Jano
could
their
birth
University of
1580
Bernardim
Franco
have
83
of
year
the
at
was
MIRANDA
brother-in-law, Manoel
who
and
DE
as
believed
Ribeiro
Eight cantigas,three
eu
em
it to
1482,
that
would
comtigo
falar.
1496,
'
but
Carolina
the
eclogue
esparsas,two
been
glosas.
recently gives
more
Dona
have
'
de
Michaelis
refers
born
in
to
the
1500.
the
Vascon-
plague of
84 STUDIES
PORTUGUESE
IN
LITERATURE
only twenty-one.^ Perhaps the
provisionallybe given as that of
In
he
1513
the
at
was
1489
year
1490
or
may
his birth.
Manoel;
of Dom
Court
in
death, he set out on
King Manoel's
Before
his travels through Spain and Italy.
settling
life of quietness,"says the
down
to philosophy and
a
1521,
the
of
year
"
1614 biography,
wished
he
"
to
world
the
see
{quispere-
grinar polio mundd), and visited Italy and the most
his leisure
celebrated
at
saw
places in Spain." He
Rome, Venice, Naples, Milan,
{com vagar S' curiosidade)
the best of
Florence, and
"
Vi
of
1
He
which
2
the
Campagna,
with
a
took
he
Letter
won
his
^
degree
de
3
{letyasde
estes
Em
que
Que
estes
de
Que
dor
vem
Debaixo
Em
se
vos
terra
de
pesar
matar
alheos
ceos
estranha
sem
meo
Dor
que
ninguem
Ate
quam
longe
poder em
vosso
e
e
mal
Mai
O
?
cheos
me
pera
de
mim,
defende
me
se
mar,
fim
sem
nao
literae
Menezes.
estende
se
sad and
que
fim
sem
campos
e
en
de
verei, triste de
Todos
Sao
studying
humanidade
vista
Roma,''
acquaintance of
the
campos
a
ver
de
him
shows
to Fernando
Por
Pois
Aragao
grandes campos
after first
in Law
Miranda
"
e
made
He
distinction
of Sa
'^
Franceses,
reina."^
cantigawhich
foreignskies."
"
amor
o
que
vive
de
e
de
jardins de Valen^a
Em
him
Espanhois
de
tempo
Os
The
vi Milao
vi Veneza,
Roma,
Em
Cicilia."
"
entende
estende
mim."
spired
in-
weary
many
humaniores,
foy insigne).
in
SA
MIRANDA
DE
85
celebrated
Italians,^including Sannazaro,
alludes
''that
as
esteemed
perhaps Ariosto
(1470-1547), both probably
at
the
upon
became
and
he returned
When
time
some
long
he
whom
and
of
one
The
the
year
of
Court
(jdaula
throne
"
of his time."
courtiers
1526,
for
been
had
reynana),
que
in 1532,
Bembo
remained
Portugal he
Joao III., who
to
was
man,"
twenty years his seniors.
some
muito
Pietro
and
(1474-1533)
old
good
to
the
most
of his return
A few years
later,perhaps
possibly1527.
from the Court.
The
retired definitely
1614
or
he
of his
due
to a passage
biography says that this was
eclogue AleixOy "falsely interpreted by envy." It is
thought that he may have sympathized too openly with
his friend Bernardim
Ribeiro,^ who, probably owing to
from
had been banished
Court, and that
a love-intrigue,^
he incurred
the displeasure of the powerful favourite,
the Conde
de Castanheira.
He
was
obviously inclined
of the
well aware
to be outspoken, although he
was
he
drawbacks;^
1
He
2
His
was
himself
sympathy
Not, however,
legend.
distantly connected
is shown
3
*
that
confessed
with
C/.
' "
Nao
of
of the
eclogue.
Manoel, as ran
the
a
vontade
contigo.
aquelle
Que enfada
a
family of Colonna.
the
King
sempre
Dissimulando
for
amigo
por
te anda
difficult
was
passages
daughter
tenhas
Quem
Olha
with
in several
the
it
dito
muito
antigo :
verdade."
a
(Eclogue Basto.)
(Think
wishes.
Or,
not
the
Consider
man
your
the
"
friend
ancient
Porque
Livremente
Traz
who
saying
dizer
a
sem
consigo
deceives
that
truth
verdade
engano
tanto
dano,
you
is
according
irksome.)
to
your
86
STUDIES
man
of
IN
PORTUGUESE
character
voluntarilyto
champs and to
be
to
the
LITERATURE
courtier/
a
"
pobreza
segura
ares
he
of
the
retired
des
rat
sdos.
mats
Que pode
tanto
faz mal
Que
and
"
maldade
a
desengano."
ao
(Eclogue Montano.)
tell
(To
wickedness
In
has
such
without
"
Nao
In
the
famous
mundo
lines of his
"
Homem
D'antes
(A
of
man
bend,
He
single
be
may
himself
de
King in no
popularity
flatterer
mind
this
measured
of
when
"
to
reis
Outros
(Other kings surround
but you
with love.)
morrer
of how
Com
que
Por
deus
in eagerness
bravely
and
with
de
sobre
Grandes
run
os
a
writers
is not.)
he
courtier
break
rather
would
speech, praises
Coimbra
bear
Sade
witness
Miranda
the
to
was
no
the
real
mere
to
die
what
estados
sens
rodeados
armas
de
amor."
themselves
Ums
A
(We
his
fact that
rodeado
Vos
"
faith, who
; but
other
the
e."
:
Guardao
Or,
torcer
and
in
but
terms,
wrote
fe,
nao
please
letter,as
:
parecer
d'ua
e
face
he
III.
Joao
homem
and
Joao III., and
he
so
corte
anything
in
tudo
quebrar que
cousa
pode ser
Outra
than
letter to
rosto
so
:
desconcerto."
seu
d'um
D'um
Mas
world
the
advises
his brother-in-law
Miranda,
e
hurt, for
it much
sincerity.)
queirais emendar
No
^
de
to reform
with
brings
it harms
Sa
to
his ardour
restrain
to
deceit
that
power
letter addressed
a
him
freely
truth
with
outros
por
com
testemunhas
maos
e
e
vos
for you
deeds
their
states,
great
proofs
corremos
vos
por
guard
to
arms
gosto
temos
com
que
rosto
morremos."
willingly;
we
;
we
die for God
have
and
for you.)
STUDIES
88
retreat
IN
that he had
Tenho
that with
Co'
fifteen
some
Mem
de
me
Polo
later he
Onde
ja
A
essas
sped
:
escrevi
wrote
brother,
:
abrigo
este
a
his
to
acolhi cansado
me
E
tristes,"
of Brazil
qual
:
enfadei."
Sa, later Governor
"
de
nao
nao
years
ones
wrote
contado
li,co' que
que
Inda
sad
writing the hours
reading and
"
So
dias
ledos que
De
and
mais
he
1527,
year
than
joyfuldays
more
**
the
about
Coimbra,
near
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
perigo,
letras que sigo
enfado,
me
que nunca
com
Devo
Devo
assaz
minha
a
muito
amada
prezada liberdade
Que tive aos dedos jugada.
e mandada
Aqui somente
E
Da
Nas
in
boa
rezao
cortes
e
verdade.
pode
nao
(Therefore to this retreat, to which
some
danger, to these letters which
it that
I
never
grow
weary,
and
which
I was
much-prized liberty,
Here
it is only bound
by good
this cannot
Courts
Of
his
together
various.
this
Homer
he
in
rarely
Dante
and
de
la
Vega
Petrarca
and
tired and
came
I
owe
follow, I
an
truth.
and
reason
owe
much-loved,
of losing.
ace
my
within
it is
retreat
pleasant picture.
very
his copy
of his
out
notes
I
In
be.)
life in
a
!"
ser
read
in
hand
in the
Greek.
A
Boscan
(0
hom
His
piece
reading was
to
original,even
of
copy
(parece nao
in Italian,and
possible
in
Horace
largaua
Spanish
Lasso,
0
writing
bom
da
was
mdo).
Garcilaso
Boscdo),
SA
were
favourites
his
among
MIRANDA
DE
of Cabeceiras
the
his friend
Basto, who
de
also
To
he
music
violin
or
life.
But
would
be
He
those
he
that
are
Pereira
He
advocated
Miranda
fond
was
translation
a
writes
of
to
Ler
fossem
De
(I am
I
can
understand,
read
to
but
tired
to
find
{inclinade
vulgar tongue.
my
entendo.
olhos
mens
elles
them
would
into the
Bible
pouco
dines
sobre
cegar
learning
now
sei quam
que
Mas
wolf
the
hunting
the
aprendo
de giolhos
elles
por
De
in
:
Ora
"
dust, unable
and
of
one
Traz-os-Montes,
of the
friend
a
and
in
oppressive
so
^
dawns,
up
calmas^
the
on
out-of-door
an
early before crimson
his dogs, tracking the wolf
with
summer
his way.'*
de
love
to
played
evidently led
rocky river valleysof Minho
and thirsty,
covered
with mud
Sa
Pereira,
him
taught
himself
and
devoted,
was
viola.
still out
1
Antonio
livros divinos."^
"
and
Garcilaso, apparently, in
:
manuscript belonging to
a
89
on
lendo.
knees,
my
and
worthy
were
eyes
"
know
to
how
little
blind
grow
in
reading them.)
So
he
Pedro
de
his
seasons
histories
Andrade
'
Caminha
pleasures
with
writes
the
Co'
divinas
as
historias,co'
"
color
De
Abriendo-se
era
"
grande
e
first line of his beautiful
"'
O
sol
"*
"
e
grande,
Levou
Eu
wolf
I went
and
de
los cielos
3
Que
as
humanas
prazer."
o
2
(After a
that
"divine
of
:
Temperas
the
reading
him
'
"'
Cf.
to
me
como
like
um
calma
o
sol ardia."
:
co'a
lobo
doudo
a
grana
al oriente."
A
sonnet
caem
biva
madman
calma
apos
as
si,
corria."
ran.)
aves."
in
his
and
retreat
human
d
de
ca^a
far
as
are
many
between
in his works.^
by carrier from
"
from
fresh
trout
the
d'almocreves,
fazem
vilhas
as
coming
fish
peixinhospassaras
rio, nao
Que
and
stream
difference
the
:
dous
Do
well
knew
the
town
Com
wolf-hunting and fishing
to
He
him
Basto, towards
de
Cabeceiras
as
References
Traz-os-Montes.
took
hunting sometimes
his
lobos),and
far afield, even
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
go
Beberas
tarn
fontes
nas
caras.
claras."
the
little fishes from
(Your fare will consist of two
in
dear
are
so
river, not those of carriers, those which
the towns
He
springs, how
hills, and
the
excellent
how
knew
fruits
"
with
cansado
ansi
Y
of
water
one's
market.^
in the
springs.)
Minho's
in
partridges shot
were
gathered
produce bought
the
was
preferable
the clear
from
will be
drink
; your
hands
own
At
the
other
times
to
he
i todo
Aqui lleno arribe de polvo i lodo."
(And
thus
tired and
"
Por
(Suffocatedby
1
to
In
Eclogue
the cruel
wolves
terra
the heat, in
refers
4 he
lobos
dos
decern
Nao
vinha
Alii
da
Alii
das
vossas
Alii
das
fruitas
da
Colhida
the
from
Estes
nada
hills
:
ruins
montesins."
da
pra^a,
perdizes
da
cada
tempo
mao
cada
!
terra
a
ua
sua),
!"
not
stream
cacha9a,
vossa
a
I did
which
pressing up
trout
Que
(Que
mud.)
sabia."
nao
country
down
''
and
quentura
que
a
to
coming
'*
da
Afogado
full of dust
here
all I arrived
know.)
; in
Eclogue
2
SA
*'
far from
walk
would
flowed
streams
"
graniteserras,
watch
the
what
(Think of'
uncaught.)
the
' '
vos
as
vossas
truitas
andao
ja per
"
Aqui
se
nao
o
Elles
Em
"
shows
poets
perhaps
agua
e
vao
arenga
andando
to
Often, however,
imitations
ua
found
his
vela
manta."
of nature
of
in
the
observations
These
(especiallyHorace).
unconscious
quedos!"
observation
be
:
quanta
em
como
direct
vai
grous."
os
com
estendem
sai,
pressa
all
sempre
Estorninhos
realitynot
6 alto
e
grande
a
por
a
cai
que
polos penedos,
fundo
Presteza
Se
tambem)
da
ao
Parte,
"
tem
animals,
cantar
Rompendo
Dece
tais
(que
aves
outros
som
still
ninguem,
aventagens
e
though
yours,
grito
em
ou^a
as
!)
toma
me
voz
partridges,
!
already
paixao
a
me
Ou
are
would
agua."
na
trout,
cantar
Voar
2
vossas
hands
own
Lembro
D'esses
contemporaries.
our
fruitas !
Duas
for
with
and
wine
vossas
Que
eye
what
as
Somente
Miranda
O
vos
fruits, your
your
but
gathered
Posso
older
in the
the silent rocks,
Lembro
1
of
or
will," and
at
between
down
market,
in its season,
Que
birds),an
aloud
sang,"
as
from
came
fruit,each
de
birds
the
woods, where
green
and
they flew,^ the lines of cranes
the flightof doves
{vodo as potnbas
starlings,^
Cf.
Sa
91
villagein
rushing
water
of
(Nothing
the
gently and
free to sing
the birds singing
clouds
MIRANDA
DE
two
(especiallyof
idylls of his
vaguer
reminiscences
are
for
passages,
Dante, Inferno,v.
:
instance,
STUDIES
92
handas)
em
brandas).
the
by
Pedro
**
he
Or
would
Louvas
Neiva,
aves
ouves,
que
(You praise
os
peasants,
whom
fairs and
on
feiras
he
would
his land
the
into
also
{A Igums
conhecido)}
me
him
of
planted, the
with
contact
meet
the
at
d'alem
que
water
pure
da
brother-in-law
His
:
ocios."
santos
fountain, the fruits that you have
birds you hear, your sacred leisure.)
hunting brought
follows
as
your
His
garden.
plantaste,
Neiva,
sweet
your
teus
or
sans
aguas
fruitas que
fonte, as
him
to
as
his
tend
or
writes
doce
teu
tua
As
house,
Caminha
Neiva
by the
meditate
his
near
Andrade
Da
(altas andurinhas
"gentle swallows"
and
fountain
de
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
the
village
serra
writes
Das
to
him:
**
Vos
E
**
quereis com
com
em
Vos
reconhe9am
Eu
quisera que
Vos
estimassem
E
da
i gru
E
^
from
(Some
seeing
x.
freddo
94
Qual bando
at
the
semente
aer
moios."
mais
cantando
van
di
se
tempo
lunga riga ;"
portan
ne
a
lor lai
schiera
1' ali
larga e piena."
:
espesso
[shepherds] from
me
somente
gli stornei
come
Nel
Cf. Camoes, Lus.,
in
Frandes
saloios
os
colhereis
come
e
nagois.
as
vossa
Facendo
"
grandes
Italia,Espanha
Que
"
"
letras
vossas
Porque
Sempre
and
descripgois
fairs.)
the
e
negro
other
de
side
estorninhos."
of the
serra
who
knew
me
SA
(You wish
Spain,
only
Flanders.
and
should
produce
found
his way
folk," he
taking their
Vi
{papasmexidas),
white,^
he
de
"
while
Cada
ever
"
2
fallam
e
goatherds
crops,
and
way
of
life,
sos
who
then
^
prattling
and
fruitas,
figo
o
do
muitas."
e
tem
would
they
'
'
cabras
ponto
duas
entendem.
que
Guarda
gados
nao
of
Inhorantes
mais
de
vao
Que dos
Despois
figsblack
cagas."
outras
e
"
" "
Querem
their
bread
and
gabava,
mil
branca,
se
milk
consigo,
me
Preto, branco,
Que
of
love
fallecerao
Que
fare
minhas
their
ma9a
lost
gado
cousas
as
Detiverao
A
had
:
fruits,apples,and
suas
knew
he
whom
:
tambem
Nao
and
seed
your
hills when
they praised
um
however,
herds
peasants
the
shepherds
seu
simple
rustic
and
and
1
their
that
Italy,
passando.
boa gente."
vi tam
their
Eu
(Wandering
to
some
com
sesta
a
praised his hunting
He,
nations,
will
Basto
pastores
Nunca
share
of
in the
sesta
Estar
and
thus
says
Cabeceiras
near
would
wish
that
fruit.)
more
"
He
for
you,
Hterature
high
the
to
I could
respect
Excellent
*'
extend
93
and
poetry
your
should
name
your
he
with
MIRANDA
DE
ponto,
em
palavras
das
lavras,
fim
nem
have
go
on
conto."
but
a
word
without
end
with
or
you
about
measure.)
STUDIES
94
IN
complaining^
time
same
and
their
are
the peasants
"
**who
says,
Que
vejo nos
eu
Com
dos
"
e
of
peasants
for
men
more
Nao
me
that
cavar
O
a
a
wheaten
tem
defender
mais
de
;
sobejo
viver.
consente
"live
bread
their'labour
on
while
they
Comem
similar
Antao
Marta
a
nossos
snores)
:
d'avea,
nos
nos
dos
(vivem
homem
bebem,
que
"
oaten
Ihes pouco
sua,
dor
doa
alhea,
a
sua."
passages.
cachurra],Martha
"
eat
trigoe
Anthony alvvaysplaying
the Asturian
acolher
se
quer
Querem
many
minha."
a
zagalejo
se
Doi
are
cavar
onde
Elles
There
inteira
somana
do
tem
"
2
they :
alguem justi9abrada
Se
eat
own
great vineyard
some
than
their
vinha
gram
hei de
pobre
que
Nao-no
and
leave
:
O
masters
by fleecing
forgao pola geira
Quando
Their
the
;"
to
in
week
powerful
toda
Nao
1
having
whole
a
Quando
"
in
men
forrados
e
pellesde lavradores
Por
he says
peasants.
honrados
de
rosto
quentes
Pera
So
and
povoados
De
work
belonging to
of real oppression
comfort
in
the
salteadores
nome
Andar
speaks
live
At
":
Muitos
to
idleness.^
to
apparently honest
many
villages,"he
vines
tendency
cases
evidentlyfound many
injusticeto the farm-servants
There
and
LITERATURE
he
and
"
PORTUGUESE
[perhaps a kind of rustic hockey, like
always gossiping in the market-place :
choca
nunca
nunca
sai da
sai das
choca,
'
pragas.
'
96 STUDIES
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
fashion,
*'
shelter in the
finds
and
lives
property, and
smith
bites
small
his last,and
from
come
beneath
fire at
the
peasant
has
a
the
cock-crow,
name
The
cobbler
sluggish assistant
his
to
his
he
says,
toil of his hands.
the
shouts
and
where
towns,
on
lights his forge
where, he
of France,
Very different is the state
they Hve in less modern
nobles
The
blanket.
to
live
securely in the country, and hunt the daring wolves
their dwellings
in the wilds, keeping the plains all round
from
the
safe for the flocks, and
freeing them
evildoers
go
may
mule
as
who
in
work
darkness,
that
so
any
or
singing to the fair after nightfall,
he rides
will
who
doze
on
his
along."
{" Inda
hoje
Vivem
nisto
vemos
em
que
mais
Franga
antiga ;
villa o villao se abriga
Na
Onde
tem
e
nome
heranga,
Vive
i da sua
fadiga.
Acende
a fragoa o ferreiro
O tempo
o gallo canta
;
que
Morde
o
couro
o
9apateiro,
a
ronceiro
mogo
saia de baixo da manta.
Brada
ao
Que
Vive
nobreza
a
por
fora
Segura, despovoados
Corre
Por
cos
d'arredor
livre
Mantem
Da
Que
Que
lobos
Sa
de
donde
o
mora
aos
campo
gados,
gente aventureira
ma
as
possa
dormindo
Miranda,
traz
escuras
Cantando
Ou
ousados,
livre quem
ir de noite
no
however,
trato.
seu
queira
feira,
mulato.")
was
a
by
no
means
relegated
SA
"
did not
the
at
the
of
house
Pereira
chase,
the
of
Miranda's
da
attending
given at
The
friend
day
pleasure
with
ancestral
the
from
walk
his
of Crasto, Sa
Lord
Machado
Manoel
whole
a
de
Azevedo,^
de
principalnobilityof Portugal,and at one
entertainments
the Infantes Luiz and Henrique
of these
to the
lanja in 1536.
for
hand
her
his sister Brio-
III. is said to
King Joao
demand
married
had
de Miranda
Sa
present.
formal
from
nor
after
Basto,^
Tapada.
old
belonged
were
de
Nunalvarez
and
(Castro),a half-hour's
Crasto
Quinta
own
Antonio
entertainments
splendid
house
friends
his
Cabeceiras
at
in
spent
97
societyof peasants. His melancholy disposition
divine suppers"^
prevent him from rehshing the
the
to
MIRANDA
DE
have
behalf
on
the
made
of
the
poet.
apparently, neither good looks nor
great
made
Love," says Sa de Miranda,
possessions,but
of his
the sound
I heard
his presence
:
clearlyknown
quiver and arrows";** and they had a happy married
himself
life of nearly twenty
Sa de Miranda
years.
his friends at the Quinta da Tapada
gladly entertained
had,
She
**
"
1
"
Oh
Que
2
Cabeceiras
with
its convent
have
can
is
brothers
a
changed
Pereira
small
and
dedicated
3
His
Felix
to
life
Machado
tempo
o
Minhoto
but
directed, including the
paraiso
nunca
of
circle
several
do
ceas
vos
veii9a
Traz-os-
villagenear
houses
little since
round
the
!"
which,
Monies
tree-plantedcommon,
a
sixteenth
To
these
Miranda
are
century.
eclogues and letters of Sa de
famous
eclogue Basto ( Cabeceiras
=
de
Basto),
Nunalvarez.
was
written
da
seventeenth
in the
Silva
Castro
century
Vasconcellos,
e
by
his
Marquez
descendant,
de
bello.
*
Claro
Eu
O
o
som
sinal
som
das
deu
Amor
'"
que
do
era
all ;
coldre,
setas
eu
ouvi."
7
Monte-
gS
STUDIES
with
among
others, would
twenty
miles
de
Sa
Miranda,
devoted
he
kept
teach
his
excelled
follow
he
lived
over
to
if he
made
mistake.
a
himself, and
towards
guests, whom
being
taste,
far
spread
the
entertained
to
say
to
him
of
as
Light
and
confesses
"
sun,"
in
estilo."^
Dom
his
first
Manoel
de
follower, calls
his
him
Andrade
de
The
Infante
"
as
Master
Caminha
Joao, heir
1
"
O
doce
he
to
of
the
guide
corrected,
or
Bernardes
brighter
his
"
than
doce
Portugal (1520-1605), probably
of the
is
**
a
in
tomo
a
long letter,
Ferreira
Antonio
Pedro
Muses."
To
rarissimo
ingenho."
the throne,
estilo teu
Francisco
Rarissimo
"
him
Jorge de Montemayor,
''protectionand favour."
addresses
had
their
imitates
he
them
fame
Diogo
excellente."
seeks
be
Muses,
that
excellent
with
as
to
verse.
the
austere
towards
his
him
works
their
and
foremost
the
him
correct
freely,with
all
play
son
excess
Moreover,
and
his
conversation
that
him
with
corresponded
hails
he
him
sent
master,
bid
sober
even
generous
wide,
went
poets of Portugal hailed
younger
and
and
birthplace,and
was
himself."
from
him
freed
wont
when
sometimes
He
we
that
would
and
to
have
to
(whom
stated) said
Miranda
de
Sa
instruments,
various
upon
his
him,
see
rich,
music
is said
Bernardes
his
so
very
of
masters
Diogo
Lima,
"
was
not
was
Sa, who
is here
do
Ponte
at
visit him.
to
biography,
1614
de
art, and
of what
much
in
order
expensive
house
that
in
the
Hieronymo
son
in
Braga)
(some
Lima
beloved
his
that, although he
his
at
of
says
music
to
leave
north
poet Diogo Bernardes,
The
lavishness.
certain
a
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
por
sought
guia,"
his
advice
SA
in
literary and
de
Rodrigues
the
marvels
other
de
Sa
the
that
says
he
Court
in Minho
to
1
de
teus
that
do
the whole
2
O
"
Miranda
mal
que
Bern
ve
entre
nom
maravilhas
Que
alta
fora
que
ledo
ca
In
the
fine sonnet
"
E
este
E
so
quanto
the
Neiva
of
famous
?
Is this
the
sojourned
our
que
Sa
?)
escreve,
mes,
Espanto
"
do
que
Sa
tarn
foi
andou
de
hill devoted
here
enfada
*
nosso
pequeno,
nelle
;
cantas."
:
do
monte
o
(Is this
in heaven
tam
que
este
Em
tudo
mundo
Neiva
o
Prince
contente."
anno
beginning
Inda
Andrade
ganhada.
um
3
*
se
*
la todo
o
P.
of the
enfade.
tem
*
anda
nos
nom
fama
*
Recebe
death
Neiva,*
banda,
se
que
Nas
E
the
verdade
a
que
Seguro
Nom
Bernardes
(Elegy by
the
on
la d'essa
Lan^ouse
se
of
all
Miranda
de
Sa
entendeu
D'este
death
tem.)
grande
Bern
retreat
wondered
his
banks
guiavara."
o
Deos
Principeque
world
Diogo
the
by
de
Sa
to
his
year.^ Diogo
after
and
him.
friend
conselhos
raros
clearly,
by
find
not
all the
song,^
his
addressed
Morte
did
least, mourned
lament
Caminha,
Na
"
Pois
"
he
Caminha
de
showed
in contentment
Miranda's
Portugal, at
came
Andrade
Joao
to
high fame, and that, while at
have
been
happy for a month,
won
similarlysays
de
Sa
at
that
not
lived
Writing
Miranda
de
wrote,
could
he
Bernardes
matters.^
great Sa
he
99
Menezes,
tedious, that he had
the
MIRANDA
DE
as
Miranda
cantado
Miranda,
to
dado
Musas
nos
quem
the
a
?
ceos
stream
Muses
anda
so
when
?"
small
he
who
and
is
yet
now
Ferreira
wrote
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
100
Andrade
elegy,
an
Caminha
de
his
epitaph.^
than
insists on
The
once
biographer of 1614 more
Sa de Miranda's
deep melancholy, and in spiteof his
joy in the chase and his love of Nature, he often sings
sadness, and, like Heraclitus,^ is said
in
frequentlyin
tears
"
Ves
sem
and
one
mist
swift the
how
Pass
in endless
to
Sube
with
the
"'
mis
Tan
tristes,tan
lines
A
the
2
e
tristes
mis
es
whom
Sa
a
;
frail
crystal
ojos.
tristes,
vistes.
:
desfaz
ceo
no
tudo,
e
vivo
Miranda
death, but
Miranda
mas
na
anda."
terra
lives
in
the
earth.)
Of
llanto"
enojos,
plazer no
morte
Vivo
to
si
se
Los
Un
(All yields
avezilla,
una
no
:
:
Vistes
Ending
half lamentation
(in Spanish) is
of his vilancetes
"
*
again.)
come
cantar,
es
days
chain,
of birds is to him
s6 ni si
of tears
tornar."
de
(See
**
No
cansar,
hao
Never
dias
os
pressa
que
Nunca
the song
been
:
Levao
So
have
to
himself
de Miranda
"
de
Como
Sempre
A
De
que
que
olhos
seus
agua
corria
Heraclito
Polo
:
saia
casa
dos
writes
ouvia
tudo
e
tinha
que
via,
' '
magoa.
sky and
lives
upon
SA
DE
MIRANDA
Vistes
"
anadida
mi
A
I
pena
Nunca
Si
"
pena,
una
buena
ora
la suerte
a
vida
luenga
tan
en
loi
;
mia
Pluguiese,pluguiese
Que
viese
Con
que
(Eyes
Alas
! sad
You
have
seen
But
ne'er
saw
You
have
seen
in the
that
O
Now
Sa
Miranda's
de
five
Michaelis
him.
the
In
1553
killed
was
others
of
de
from
long
at
the
last
for
you
given
me
endeavour
my
day
ever
"
to
see
!)
Vasconcellos, in her
de
edition
of
of this poem
variant
gives a
poems,
close
his
the
in
the
he
eldest
son,
fell thick
sorrows
Gon9alo
of sixteen
in
Mendes
upon
de
Sa,
many
Portuguese nobility (at Ceuta).
Had
age
read
would
verse
Ferreira.
the
works
have
last lines of
letter in
Antonio
of his life
Africa, with
Miranda
sympathy,
by
woe
verses.
Towards
Sa
to
woe
long years' flow
pleasure;
of
my
Close
mine,
all my
grief.
shine.
joy
'twere
Vain
"
!'
leisure,
hour
One
viese
no
eyes
at
Ne'er
Senhora
mas
beyond relief,
sad
Added
el dia
ora
derived
of
Gil
Vicente
greater
of his autos^ than
one
addressed
His
1
See
to
him
on
deep grief is
p.
76.
with
consolation
from
all the
this occasion
shown
plainly
STUDIES
102
in
answering letter.-^
his
heir
the
to
same
future
de
few
a
the
to
regret
Miranda
had
works, each
in
with
were
When
1
"
must
When
be
'
his
At
with
back
of
recompense.
himself
he
and
de
Sa
request
of his
collection
a
Sa
to
promise of the
full
him
I sent
the
had
couraged
en-
of
de
Sa
of them,
youngest
heard.
such
hopes of
the
died
at
son
my
poets
younger
of
one
Miranda
de
an
to
age
for
die
the
a
long
faith,if
it
'
mandei
(Quando
A
It is I who
should
and
thinks
sing
his
praises (in
2
"
the
Os
fallados
Tam
E
Andrade
de
as
Caminha,
"
Porque
Largo
happy,
ti
com
Mecenas
de
seroes
no
in his
a
nos
?
trocou
whose
"
son
survived
Portugal
mundo
onde
temperadas
gra9as
Devemse
"
Coplas).
os
momos,
cumprisse.)
cries
Manrique
famous
tal idade
em
ir ! quem
devera
que
Rodrigo
Don
assi
died," he
have
sou
filho
meu
pola fe, se
morrer
Eu
3
the
youth shown
letters.
apparently never
Sa
son,
midnight"'
the
a
extreme
Of
school.
he
Camoes,
been
protection for the
Miranda's
the
blow
look
at
dedicatory sonnet,
a
at
style.^These expectations
poets of the new
little
shattered, and there remained
now
of
begun
thrice sent
had
other
"
balls
hitherto
even
himself
chance
at times
the
year
his
heavy
a
might
enlightened patron of
an
was
splendour-lovingage,
reign had
Prince
he
and
"masks
ManoeFs
coming
The
Although
of
birth
the
This
King Sebastian.
Miranda.
King
before
days
following
the
In
Joao (1537-1554) died
throne, Prince
age,
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
elegy
Prince
on
favor
eras
idos ?
sal ?"
seu
Joao,
excellentes
engenhos
teu
de
sac
os
aos
levantaste,
prudentes."
says
:
to
STUDIES
I04
IN
Miranda's
wife
recovered,
so
for
the
Joao
died
that
have
passed
says
his earliest
of
Portugal
of
death
the
sorrow^
his
private grief and
all but unnoticed.
he
"
biographer,
began
too
Aquelle spiritoja
is said
in whose
died
the
honour
in the
little
Latin
de
"A
and
than
buried
was
Martinho
villageSao
de
the
to
attend
pious ^
was
the
Virgin,"
cantiga.
one
in the
He
of
church
Carrazedo,
where
a
his tomb.
of the most
occupies one
important
Portuguese literature, partly owing to the
merits
do
magoa
of
his
Ihe
que
like
poetry, partly because,
reuelaua
spirito dos
o
infortunios
da
sua
' '
terra.
he
devoted
more
on
Miranda
intrinsic
de
wrote
1558,
year
places in
2
he
inscriptionmarks
Sa
1
Christian, very
Catholic
a
to
former
to
except
Especiallyhe
"
to
pagado,"
left his house
have
to
never
bem
tam
the services of the Church.^
and
he
die
to
things pertaining to his pleasure and
one
a sonnet,
pursuits."^ He only wrote
poem,
of his wife, beginning :
death
and
King
After his wife's death,"
**
all the
**
never
departure of his brother, to whom
Brazil
(as Governor) in 1557 seem
the
devoted, for
w^as
in his
this loss he
from
(1555),and
misfortunes
III. and
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
"
seu
3
"
*
In
Com
o
4
"
gosto
Senao
one
speaks
prosperous
elle come90u
antigos
ouuir
pera
passage,
of
and
the
a
logo tambem
morrer
todas
as
cousas
exercicios."
Officios
os
in
village priests
of all their
absolved
Mas
eu
Nos
vejo
enterros
Quanto
Emfim
E
"
Diuinos.
(in his famous
however
"
pera
the
na
asoltos
de
aldea
abastados
e
sens
passea,
bolsa
King Joao III.),
Vicente,
:
padre que
ventre
of
vein
sins
ca
letter to
chea
pecados."
as
fat and
SA
Spain, he
in
Boscan
thus
Italy/and
of
decay of
the
him
Portugal owes
real influence
had
introduced
it
India, and
national
become
1
I.e., versos
rima, copied
Between
maior,
Italy. Boscan
ably the very
into
Miranda
de
an
his
on
in
Italian
in
was
the
to
age
Miranda
from
strove.
the
Dante,
same
Garcilaso
de
octava
Italy.
Catalan),
la
and
and
Vega
Podem
They
both
wrote
harshness
of
some
greater
visited
in 1526,
the
both
verse
style
new
Spanish,
in
which
their
prob-
their
trasted
con-
younger
Camoes.
:
cheirar
e
the
the
employed
and
are
doubt
introduced
melodious
parvenus
nobilityyielding to
year.
there
hendecasyllabics
awkwardness
an
rich
is without
Both
a
Ricoshomens
old
and
(hendecasyllabics, the
nova
Miranda
de
infinitelymore
the
the
from
"
of the
poetry
pomp
of
(? 1490-1542)
former
the
return
with
speaks of
He
Boscan
Sa
(for Boscan
the
contemporaries,
de
Sa
rima, copied
terza
perhaps
in which
year
metres
with
medida
and
began writing
tongue
borrowed
3
born
were
Portugal
alien
that
da
or
the
striking similarities,although
poet.
the
his
Ariosto).
Sa
They
but
national
from
Gil
whether
gratitude;
against the tendency
canzoni,
from
of
doubt
The
for
stood
Portugal after the discovery of
against the development of the
materialistic^
de arte
Petrarcan
sonnet,
2
but
wholly
of
poetry
poetry
to
reason
its death-blow
not
poetry
greater
poetry, the
different.
into
was
the
merely
great debt
very
already received
luxury
for
from
metres
new
innovations
be
any
was
the
way
national
would
there
Vicente,
the
his
the
105
introduced
paved
Had
CamSes.^
MIRANDA
DE
alho
ao
infan9ois
new
wealth
'
'
;
:
"Dinheiro, oficios, privangas
A
of
the
nobreza
nos
desterra
general greed for gold spoiling
thousands
of minds
"
and
;"
degrading thousands
:
Lan90u
E
mil
Que
nos
a
interesse
este
ludo
perder engenhos
o
mais
fez
que
haja
vil, sendo
mil
mal
elle vil ;"
and
STUDIES
io6
In
a
poets
refer
time
Sa
a
few
their
LITERATURE
do
of
the
poet
of such
Miranda
trivial
Garcia
de
supposed
the
baron,
hearts
poor
"
Que
Ferreira
Cf. Antonio
1
Al
the
been
often
disgusted
of
his
a
Entre
tiempos
By Wolf
bis
Banalitat";
se
poesia.
vio
El
tan
tanto
courtier
and
no
ser
honra
ouro
da."
oidos
hecho
osado,
la cumbre
olvido
por
olvidado."
Como
nombre
a
"
se
perdieron
el taner
como
los
pasados
Flachheit,
Beobachtung
by
Menendez
y
apenas
buen
un
de
gusto
hilo
?"
bis
des
zur
Monotonie,
Herkommlichen
Pelayo {Antologia, tom.
esteril abundancia
de
dieron
Gleichformigkeit
zur
lector
sin encontrar
A
age.
"
ia medio
el cantar,
[Stndien,1859):
Aiisserlichkeit
de
:
nos
Que
Sa
mansidumbre
pastorilia
canto
:
humana
"
arenal
typical
nao,
bajais vuestros
tan
esa
Celia
eclogue
de
cofres
os
que
que
I malos
Nunca
a
is
complaint of
hazia
mas
Quiza movere
De
aquel alto Parnaso,
de
Can-
:
I viendo
"
Por
"
The
themes.
poetry
cora96ishao
OS
Ouro, despois virtude
*"
zur
poets
:
Ricos,
3
within
Court
has
at
end.^
its
country that he finds only cheap grapes
of full coffers and
In
the
to
have
the
or
written
Lisbon
Resende
to
Portuguese
sea-sick
a
from
another
but
was
its dreariness
;
poems
it is
with
to
and
outlook
;
appears
nearing
was
another, leaving
one
noticed,^ and
2
Miranda
de
retired
Vicente
and
narrow
w^ork
when
written
Mondego,^
Court, Sa
Vicente's
of
years
collection
in the
Fahula
still at
were
Miranda
cioneiro
poem
the
when
de
PORTUGUESE
of Vicente
to the work
slightingly
lamenting the decay of poetry
passage
a
of
passage
both
to
IN
versificadores
camina
de agua
por
con
que
bis
7, 1898):
penuria
aquel interminable
y tanta
mitigar la sed."
SA
gloves^ these, it
inspiringsubjects.
contains
collection
Luis
Anriquez
d
Trovas
1
'
'
Val
A
which
time
has
would
"
with
por
Servi^o
era
Some
of his
esparsa in
"
a
A
do
voz
Eu
Fogem
d'ouvir
Eu
me
nao
vos
minha
(To
charmer's
adder
And
now
:
To
But
Your
No
2
Trouas
q
gargia
more
de rresende
sentidos.
do
guardar
:
alheas."
vida
is deaf
I,
so
in my
Sirens'
this
me
grief.
mariner's
heard,
fez a
;
I lie
not
to
mar
sereas
e
not
the
name
ing
follow-
;
voice
skilled
I had
e.g., the
nomear,
alas
shun
"
dor
com
as
Half-senseless
the
charm
ouvidos
mens
alma
The
:
!"
os
soube
Fiz
similar
:
ouvir
Fui
very
uvas
sabem
mais
que
a
interest
!
without
agora
perder
slight
luuas
rosado
not
wrote
gloves
encantador
e
Quero
'Tis
the
even
of
forao
serpente
nao,
Os
fa9a."
have
de Resende
Cerra
verses
luuas
hy
elle escusado
are
Cancioneiro
de
tais calmas
vinagre
slighterpoems
the
Castro,'^by Garcia
not
cousa
Outra
the
present
a
Mandar
Outra
Affonso, and
himself, however,
He
it.
Carvalho,
Pero
esparsa to
given
by
Prince
volas
que
this
Miranda
de
Sa
For
ha
nam
Nem
the
pra9a
na
5ynco
the
But
duuas
rredea
Mas
vulgarityand
a
as
de
Ines
Dona
very
poetry,
of
death
not
are
Miranda.
de
Sa
noble
the
de
morte
in
some
on
is also
there
And
found
never
107
confessed,
be
must
"
coarseness
MIRANDA
DE
part
song,
art
:
life and
heart
belong.)
morte
d doa ynes
de castro
que el rrey
do
which
Resende,
poetry of Sa
charm.
and
on
are
de
Miranda,
Sa
de
but
is
Ferreira
full of
are
Miranda's
vilancete
Um
Letras
Ua
efforts
Se
best
individuality
introduce
to
the
with
bent
Cuidei
of
dates
by
Afonso
quarto
0
mulher
"
it
d
q Ihe
in
out
me
Miranda's
matou
querianam
grandes
versos
cussed
fully dis-
are
Vasconcellos
de
been
the
that
!"
in
he
1527
por
in
wrote
the
his
seu
filhoa
prin"^ipe
0
ter
queriacasar.
have
certain
seems
!
ouro
works
Coimbra
e
e
escondedouro
meu
cast
16 14
neste
his
on
originalityin this
biographer
Reyno
; and
that
is
right : Foy
Sa
de Miranda's
justified:
"
Aberta
aos
(to
"
Estas
Que
Como
(letter to
century
sought
prata
Probably
doubts
some
buscava
Michaelis
Portugal
primeiro que compos
is
have
you
no
edition.
polo
Although
respect,
Portugal as his follower
only
thought Portugal was
I
so
de
Sa
Senhora
her
to
porque,
Ihe resiste ?"
se
de
"
que
Buscastesme
notes
mais,
:
"
The
? Mas
nega
silver,and
and
triste !
"
retreat
my
o
Manoel
delight:
damas,
as
esparsa
descobre
Dom
gold
on
! quem
alguem
evident
escura,
chiste,
seja um
ou
inven96is, motes
as
bom
hails
He
brando,
pregunta
Tudo
claim
and
of the
some
:
"
1
with
level
a
style^ were
apparently not very successful at first,
universal
gradually won
recognition. Opposition
of his letter to Antonio
implied in a passage
new
como
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
io8
Antonio
bons
Manoel
Dom
nuestras
por
can
Ja
de
poets, writing in the
;
Portugal)
las
zamponas,
pudieran,
rimas
unless
we
Proven(;al
fiz
peregrinos
tares
aqui cantaran,
Pereira)
que
bien
"
;
primeras
o
mal
estranjeras"
are
manner,
to
regard
as
the
thirteenth-
his precursors.
0
SA
DE
MIRANDA
109
first prose
comedia, Os Estrangeiros(the first in Portugal),^
then, in rivalry with
do
Vicente, the Fahula
and
in
Mondego,
two
three
or
and
Petrarcan
after
years
(1528
stanzas
this, his first
the
of his
Virgin. Most
eclogues, letters,elegies,sonnets,
w^ere
leisure
About
cangdo
a
to
of green
rainy Minho.
and
(in the eclogue Celia)
'*
Poco
mas
aca,
Cantan
he
writes
al modo
pastores
other
w^orks,
written
in
the year
the
1535
:
fe, mas
com
1529), and,
eclogue,Aleixo,
or
com
arte,
poca
estranjero.
Corren
lagrimas justas sin parar
Mientras
Neiva
tambien
la mar,"
corre
a
and
calls
{i.e.,Lisbon
blandas
**
poets)
not
despise
He
himself
a
his
in
sing
of
Gil
for
of
the
new
Although
he
was
Vicente, he certainly did
being simple
and
persistentlyto give
Portuguese dress,^ although
his
poetry
"
Estremadura
honour
Parnaso."
friend
no
del
zagales
to
de
musas
apparently
metres
ciertos
"
on
strove
national.
imported
difficultyof
him
drove
to
adapting them and his love of Garcilaso
write frequentlyin Spanish.^ To Garcilaso
he acknowledges
the pleasure derived
his debt, and
from
a
copy
of his poems
(in manuscript) sent to him by his friend
Antonio
1
The
subject
2
To
eclogue
with
3
Pereira
second,
and
Os
Vilhaipandos,in
1538.
Both
are
to
him
conventional
in
manner.
Antonio
in
:
Ferreira,
the
who
had
style, de
a letter in Portuguese.
With
a
Portuguese word or
new
infinitive appears
more
'
'
Sin
than
seren
de
in
Spanish
estrangeirosvariada),he
versos
once"
written
idiom
here
^.^.
and
there.
The
;
tempestad inturbiados.
' '
(an
answers
Portuguese
STUDIES
no
PORTUGUESE
IN
Enviaste
**
lr6
qual
famous
^
metre,
forerunner
in
the
he
metre
been
and
described
descriptionwould
be
of
combination
in
in
to
Horace
his
of
the
or
that
and
La
of the
fable
he
is
has
He
fairer
a
Portuguese
a
Fontaine.
He
has,
of
expression,but
story of Psyche and
de
rat
Portuguese
Portugal,but
say
enchantingly he tells the
Eros,^
old
great poet.
indeed, little of the latter's clearness
how
syllabic
octo-
satirical letters
the
a
the Chaucer
as
national
"
called
be
most
stylehe is only a
of
halting forerunner
and
written
almost
old
and
new
Camoes,
eclogues
may
the
in the
rough
a
Bernardes
Diogo
and
often
"
in
while
and
best
Miranda's
is written
poetry^
paso.
^
de
curiously, Sa
a
paso
io quanto
don
gran
Laso,
asi mi
sabreis."
Devo,
But,
el buen
me
pascando
Al
LITERATURE
ville and
the
rat
des
champs,^and with what spontaneous delight he sings
the praises of earth and
recalling the
sky, at times
of Vicente
:
simple charm
1
Preface
rhyme and metre)
at Frejus.
2
Few,
eclogue Nemoroso,
the
to
for the
probably,
will
written
of
first anniversary
with
agree
O.
(with great artifice of
Garcilaso's
tragic death
Crawfurd
{Portugal Old
singularly inferior
and
to
Portuguese writings are
New) that Miranda's
which
his fame
guese
PortuHis
his Spanish writings, upon
rests."
chiefly
and
be often crabbed
full of
but they are
difficult,
writings may
verdict
that
the purity, correction,
life and character.
Cf. Garrett's
"
*'
and
naturalness,
his
now
"
the
3
true
simplicity of
sublime
his
greatest, almost
father
I.e.,versos
Eclogue
"*
Letter
our
de arte
of five, six,seven,
"*
of
tnenor,
da
eight, nine,
his
redondilhas
title to fame."
in his
Garrett
letters
calls
are
him
poetry."
Encantamento,
IV., to
only,
the
medida
or
ten
velha^ redondilhas
lines.
11. 336-503.
brother,
Mem
de
Sa, 11. 191-300.
written
in
verses
STUDIES
112
And
in their company
The
moon
To
a
Her
Each
whole
returning fair
from
Grows
This
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
in the
thread
mere
sky
till she
wear
crescent,
full beauty every \\'here,
month
unerringly.)
is written
eclogue (Basto)
in
homely
a
a
dry, rustic
style,concise and pungent, with many
phrase and proverb, and delights by its flavour of the
of popular chacotas or solaos}
soil,a flavour as it were
with
writes
He
the
than
One
into clear
for
of
verses
relief,till the peasants
scene
us.
Miranda
de
Sa
persevered
poca arte, hammering
at
with
Of
character.
his
Michaelis
de
versions
Prince
year,
exist (a
in battle with
"
"
risco
Eu
Ando
cos
of
his
he
he
Solao
solace;
but
been
Senhora
Basto
teen
four-
less than
its worth),
to
after
as
anno
em
anno
differen9as!"
papeis em
remains
it
"
de
me
variously explained
its derivation
imprinting
realized
Prince
has
com
:
Joao requested him
he says, given
works, they were,
spiders'webs in his village:
Before
no
sometimes
dedicatory sonnets
on
erasing year
goes
his papers
meus
that
says
risco, vou
e
eclogue
the
that
that
Joao, writes
and
verse,
proof
one
fe, if
corn
his
Vasconcellos
himself, in
he
and
1
a
country live
the
and
stand
under-
centuries
two
throw
lines often
vivid
two
or
Diniz,
King
matic
idio-
so
difficult to
more
little
a
is
Portuguese
far
it is sometimes
that
earlier.
his
obscurely, and
clumsily or
brevit}^ often
sententious
a
uncertain.
to
over
song
send
to
him
dust
of solitude,
his
and
sunshine,
SA
Era
"
A
tudo
ja
tra^a
e
Entre
After
his
He
be
cannot
so
not
only
his
of
more
to
in
de
what
he
often
with
Camoes
fresh
and
that
wrote
read.
make
It
acquaintance
Minho.
But
is
insipid,
have
a
1
The
certain
first
one
is
indeed
worth
his
with
diction
Sa
poetry
while
work,
only
character
not
1595.
is
him,
if
his
crude,
passages,
in
he
and
sometimes
themselves
appeared
great
a
read
fascination.
edition
thing
some-
that
to
beautiful
in
is
about
wonder
his
de
Miranda
de
there
yet
may
poems.^
hand.
to
;
he
16
15
Garcilaso
individual
with
crowded
of
roughnesses
his
in
his
like
go,
hand
of
print
pubhsh
to
from
quality
delightfully
in
should
they
compared
encantado."
hurry
no
baixeza,
sua
appearance
manuscript
the
e
aranhas
in
that
in
doubt
No
never
in
Vega's,
part
been
aldea
da
early
content
was
la
life
have
to
seems
p6
113
encomendado
como
teas
first
MIRANDA
DE
and
quently
infre-
V
CHAPTER
CAMOES
Camoes
born
was
the
death
seems
to
of
the
the
turbulent
with
de
Lope
2
century
and
Camoens,
Manoel
Correa.
Correa
in
says
(2)
tagoes."
Rimas
de
de
Pedro
de
de
de
de
(the words
epitaph
")
Manoel
varios
Severim
"
de
politicos, Evora,
it
Camoes
Tejo
e
suave
records
of
him
in
:
Ao
:
It
Fiz
is
Faria
1624,
da
epitaph
(d. 1655),
is
Lvsiadas
Don
da
which
reprinted
Lishoa.
114
Na
que
by
replaced
Obras
(3)
in
do
in
ojjlcina
The
a
here
"with
life
Discursos
Grande
o
por
conta
is
Coutinho
life.
M.
P.
Feita
em
to
this
variations,
poetica.
appeared
in
anno-
li^do poetica.
Em
the
1613.
in
contained
slight
being
after
Licenciado
estas
with
licam
Lvis
Anno
annos
Mariz,
ascribed
"
Grande
do
Crasheeck.
muytos
Manoel
sixteenth
the
pelo
Canonista,
epitaph
separately
and
Os
parte.
Maris,
this
de
reprinted,
Sacerdote
with
end
estudioso
estudioso
The
ha
Pedro
by
of
the
Pedro
For
"
:
of
commentary
Commentados
heroica.
Segunda
printed
is
edition
Ao
Camoes.
omitted
and
Lusiads
1616:
Pedro
Luis
life
Camoes.
Crasheeck,
the
speaks
The
towards
note
Mariz).
de
Lvis
Licenciado
vida
the
in
contemporary
(i)
"
Lishoa.
short
of
of
the
like
uneven
Cervantes
1613
poesia
prefatory
a
The
Pedro
(signed
the
Em
edition
1613
da
Principe
are
written
in
former
the
Camoes."
Lusiads,
printed
from
Miranda
rocks,
the
Apolo.
authorities
the
on
life^
excelentisimo
earliest
The
between
century
a
with
and
majesty
de
gran^
the
rough
Tajo
least
While
runs
Laurel
Vega,
of
before
century
a
at
yet
Camoes.
Camoes'
"el
as
Correa
de
poetry
smooth
the
Of
Quixote
the
Spanish
brando.
1
Miranda,
estilo
of
quarter
a
de
divino'^
doce
new
flows
Si
separate
of
that
about
Luis
an
by
de
de
CAMOES
extremely scanty and over
of
been waged a battle-royal
are
his birth
of
date
from
varied
is
dadas
a
Manoel
to
1509
Correa
1525
accrescentada
Lisboa
critics.
Faria
0
Manoel
Starch
{W.)
:
Luis
Vida
e
(7)
de
2,
of
of
(^)Braga {T.)
1907.
Oliveira
was
Camdes.
:
Porto,
Camoes,
Martins.
1911.
os
writers,
lives
by
open
Lusiadas
Os
:
de
the
date
volume
de
."
de
Luis
Also
Por
port., vol.
e
Porto, 1891.
a
Ein-
Bde.
the
most
tion
translaWilhelm
:
do
Vasconcellos.
1898, and
cover
Porto,
March,
30
Gedichte.
Zum
Paderborn, 1880-1885.
[Grimdriss der
de
important
articles
Romanica,
(C);
in
introduction
her
ram.
Vasconcellos
to
vol. x., pp.
Theophilo Braga.
the
the
5-24.
Pp.850.
(T.) Camoes.
(Bibliographia Camoniana.)
xii.) (77)Braga
Theophilo Braga.
{Hist, da
the
1897,
Camdes.
other
Vida.
de
"
Versao
parte.
(e) Michaelis
Bibliotheca
e
6
are
in the
Sdmtntliche
Camoens
is
Vasconcellos
is dated
Storck.
works
work
same
Michaelis
de
the
Lusiadas
himself
are
This
Carolina
313-328.)
litt.
He
geschichtlicher
Primeira
the
(C.)
Epoca
{Hist, da
concerning
and
1890.
Michaelis
Philologie.
in
Lusiads
edition
Camdes.
translation, and
roynanische
:
of
von
pp.
Severim
1720.
(4) Two
life
(/S)The
de
Luis'
2,
Severim.
statements
Nebst
Leben.
C.
por
Vasconcellos
1584
"
correcta
Faria
classical
life.
Paderborn,
Wilhelm
lyricae epica. Por
Pp. 878.
Martins
of
Luis
end
other
Camoes'
Camoes.
de
Storck's
the
and
of whose
the
on
{W.):
Abtg.
Zeitschriftjur
Obra
he
; the
notes
the
deutsch
Phil., Bd.
Porto,
noW'
impressos com
algumas annotagoes de
brief preface in the 1626 edition, etc.
novo
annotada
Storck
Male
Review
life of
at
de
"" diminuto.
pouco
many
de Camoens
Obras
inserted
Michaelis
edition
that
information
the
Camoes'
(The title-pagebears
Lisboa, 1898.
of
tao
in
Storck.
the
original allemao,
1898.)
de
Wilhelm
with
Storck.
(5) Notes
authorities
rigorously critical
and
he
little of
Lisboa, 1684
recent
leitung, von
ersten
is
impressao
Manoel
por
slightness
(1590-1649),
Agora
chief
ultima
escrita
impresso
suspicion.
autores.
note
exact
1524
year
all doubt
beyond
Aristotle, Statins,
Sousa
e
de Camoes.
(a)
from
comparatively
us
gravest
The
the
delle anda
que
Faria
varies
The
assigned having
officinade Josepho Lopes Ferreira,
upon
copiously
tells
Luis
:
vida
sua
a
na
remarks
:
quotes
but
the
nesta
agora
.
com
Occidental
Camoes
A
the
year
but
;
It is
e
.
.
(5)
of evidence
Principe dos poetas heroycosS' lyricosde Hespanha, novamente
luz
Lusiadas
commentados
com
os
seus
pelo Lecenciado
Camdes,
a
shred
the
unknown,
generallyaccepted.
to
each
,
has
de
115
litt. port., vol.
em
Renasceti^a
:
xiii.) {") Oliveira
Portugal.
Por
J. P.
1553^
in
the year
about
born
1525
(1590-1649) be
Lisbon
of
from
this
and
Vaz
his
to
1643
who
de
Anna
Luis
*'
as
a
gross
poet, Faria
the
India
de
Camoens,
dwellers
Sa,
the
under
House
names
India
year
1550
of Simon
son
in
Lisbon,
at
e
in
served
had
time, and
:
Storck
list of the
a
to
this
and
;
hands, containing the
his
own
entry
statements
life of
principal persons
1500
found
he
his
given
implicit trust
no
rejected by
in
into
came
of all the
is
that
declares
Sousa
of
any
that
Sousa
e
so
was
been
have
Faria
writer
his second
In
of
inventions
mystificationsand
be
can
placed in
particularstatement
fabrication.
This
(mancebo)
a
statement
true.
"
youth
precise date
''
was
fix the
the
fruitless, unless
he
"
efforts to
but
"
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
ii6
the
lightesquire,twenty-five years old, with
coloured ^ beard ; he brought his father as surety ; he
de los Burgaleses.''^Against
Pedro
goes in the ship San
this Dr. Storck
(not
objects that a list of the persons
in a
second
since
the principal persons,
quotation,
Mouraria,
showing
that
Sousa
gives
e
2
light-coloured
"
India
El
7,
1553
time
sopricantehe
Elle
:
lista
India
la
de
el de
1500
Vaz
y Ana
de
vintecinco
Nave
vino
de
Lisboa
en
"
de Saw
anos,
Pedro
a
mis
any
manos
las personas
desde
el
halle
ano
Sa, moradores
barbirubio
de los
en
; truxo
"
Burgaleses.'
'
:
estes
Luis
Lisboa,
por
la
a
fiador
nuestros
de
a
pasaron
anos,
su
padre
y
hijo
Camoens,
la Moraria,
la
de
Casa
principales que
mas
hasta
1500
de
Registro
assiento
este
except black.
colour
un
todas
beard," but
translated, "red
been
it has
as
in fact, almost
"
1643
ano
de
servir
Simon
de
is not,
Barbirubio
3
la
March
this
at
to
fill
would
half
a
called
was
pardon,
Faria
1553,
soldier) going
century and
a
in
common
a
Cam5es
of
sailed
mancebo.
hum
a
that
letter
King's
The
1
of
name
during
volumes;
many
'*
the
India
in
serve
actually
Camoes
en
de
Escudero,
:
va
en
la
CAMOES
Luis
de
that
his
Vaaz
Vaz,
or
mother's
his father, as
not
name
de
there
Goa, and
died
that
after his
father's
not
EscudeirOf but
form
Luis
if
even
his
sailingin
of it.
the
notice
he
Severim
he
^
as
Camoes'
be,
show
that
document
to
intended
Camoes'
trustworthy
account
authority of Correa,
in the
15 17, but
at
an
often
attempt,
from
date
birth
in 1579
died
fifty-five.The
precise
the
;
of the
use
to
some
on
Faria,
India
title would
least, seems
far from
that
;
to
w^ent
fidalgo?- The
seen
;
shipwrecked
poet
concerning
a
Macedo
his correct
had
of Camoes'
that
says
de
the
Camoens
or
relates,was
at
gave
de
date
Anna
Cavalleiro
statement
1550,
was
death
Sousa
e
de Camoes
before
Camoens,
Faria
support
gave
de
Luis
Mariz
Pedro
near
117
ing
exceed-
not
age
made,
to
extract
a
the
in
statement
own
same
obviously futile, although his age there
implied fullyconfirms the approximate date
1525.
Camoes'
birthplaceis equally uncertain.
Alemquer,
and
Santarem
(his mother's
birthplace), Coimbra,
Lusiads
is
"
Lisbon
have
principal authorities
Lisbon)
"
cityof Lisbon
thought, from the
the
Some
city
:
of
not
fact that
and
Coimbra,
his
ancestors
he
Crasbeeck, 1607) that
Pedro
His
Coimbra.
family
1
As, perhaps, in the
2
Lus.,
"
X.
Vao
Ha
9
OS
1553
as
had
was
long
perddo.
ja
do
:
descendo,
annos
pouco
que
passar
ate
e
o
had
there.
Fernandes
of the Rimas
de
carta
in
up
some
lived
Domingos
(in the dedication
declared
(of
Correa
brought
at
bookseller
earlier the
years
(of Coimbra)
Lisboa
and
Manoel
born
"
was
the
again
Here
divided.
are
he
that
says
honour.
the
all claimed
estio
outono."
born
:
in the
resided
at
STUDIES
ii8
Coimbra,
now
while
and
than
more
parents,
his birth
in Lisbon
the
modern
be
the
on
should
Senhor
attribution, while
Dr.
other
have
hand
been
Braga
Storck
it is
the
less. Among
the
supports
makes
more
wrongly placed
in Coimbra
greater than
writers
LITERATURE
argued that Lisbon was
habitan
of indrawing a large number
whom
have
provinces, among
may
the
Camoes'
likelythat
it may
ever
from
been
PORTUGUESE
IN
ou.t
Lisbon
strong
a
case
for Coimbra.
"
He
the
on
of
was
side
of
his
grandfather,as
from
the
Vaz
blood
de
on
a
on
the
died
'
'
Auoo
Jo2o
Era
"
Vizauoo,
dos
3
the
Since
it is
Lisbon,
"
de
de
Ese
agora
Camoes
book
perhaps
o
sangue
de
nosso
more
Camoes
of
the
wrecked
on
plank
a
Macedo,
the
was
to
the
was
son
grand-
:
como
family
son
great-grand-
of Coimbra."^
assi por
nobilissimo
noble
the
inhabitant
dissemos
was
of his wife, Guiomar
he
And
Euora,
which
in
he
And
side
who
?],^
de
Anna
and
of Simao
son
escaped
belonging
Camoes,
como
"He
also
was
the
of
and
Camoes
Algarve.
Vaz
composto
patronimica
2
of
again:
was
and
birth.
likewise
Gama,
of the Gamas
^
de
Vaz
father's
Coimbra
city[i.e.,
captain of a ship was
at Goa],
[i.e.,
of noble
of Antao
the
and
and
both
father
in this
as
"
mother's
and
he
For
Mariz,
says
on
intellect
sight of Goa,
in
Santarem,
of
born
India
to
coast
de
Evora;"^
Portugal.
Camoes,
there
Vaz
of
and
said, and
nobilityof
of
voyage
and
of
in
family,"
mother
have
we
Camoes
illustrious
bluest
noble
very
de
parte
tambem
sua
May,
pela parte
"
Mariz'
likelythat
foy tao
life is
"
esta
illustre
published
was
printe^d
cidade
em
"
refers
to
de
nobreza
at
Lisbon.
entendi-
do melhor
foy acompanhado
sangue
que Portugal prodesta
natural
Vaz
de Camoes,
duzio.
cidade,
Porq foy filho de Simao
deu
vista de Goa
India
a
o qual indo
a
Capitao de hua nao
para
por
mento
a
costa
:
tambem
"
se
saluou
em
hua
taboa
"
laa
morreo.
E
de
Anna
de
STUDIES
I20
Santarem
living in
"
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
old
extreme
poverty after the poet'sdeath
? or,
Anna
his
was
his birth, and
herself
either
from
obtain
the
decrees
called the
diversity of
belonged to the
mother
in
branch
fact
was
The
his
that
Chancellor
renders
work
to
with
de
Sa
as
daring
little
phrase {materna
same
person,
in which
ceivably
con-
may
of
in face
de
Anna
at
the
Sa
is
with
de
-"^
"
University
no
definite
the
classics
have
masterly
literature
Bento
of the
order
decide
which
most
a
uncle,
mother
de Camoes.
*'
ancient
in
names
again we
acquaintance
"
or
a
vague
here
wide
of
his
1585,
a
not
probabilitystudied
although
knowledge.
every
and
of Luis
all
Coimbra,
in
of
out
a
of 1582
Camoes
shown
it is indeed
and
his
to
at
allowed
as
Anna
accepts
vinced,
con-
died
mother, who
official documents
Braga
is
stepmother, who
his
Sa
stepmother
a
have
of
in
Senhor
and
sepultiira)
the
de
mother,
create
Macedo
being habitually so called
pension ? It is impossible
certainty;
to
Anna
figure
to
CamDes'
de
extreme
Storck
Dr.
as
in
and
age
"
as
well
as
the
(1500-1547),
Camoes
University from
in
accuracy
to
1539
1542,^
it
that he spent at
seem
probable. It would
Coimbra, in the lovely valley of the Mondego, the
happiestyears of his life. One of his cangoes begins :
"
Vao
Do
E
(The
without
in
1
W.J.
2
The
1537.
serene
as
Serenas
Mondego
at^
mansamente
waters
aguas
descendo
o
nao
mar
of the Mondego
stopping till they reach
the
param."
flow
down
gently
sea.)
Mickle.
University had
been
transferred
from
Lisbon
to
Coimbra
CAMOES
later in the
And
*'
cangdo he
same
Leda,
(In this
^
in
since
changed
be
to
rowed
silken
the
time
the
sound
on
the
to
banners
when
"
Manoel
King
of
music
in
and
Tagus,
nobility and
Portuguese
ably
early forties probespeciallythe Court, had
and
1543.^ Lisbon,
serene,
in the
Lisbon
to
came
vivia."
mi
para
and
land, joyful, fresh
unto
myself I lived.)
content
Camoes
contente
e
flowered
joyful and
:
says
florida terra,
fresca e serena,
N'esta
Ledo
121
boat
a
with
gay
the
entertain
to
foreigners at
many
wont
was
brilliant
tion
palaces,and, in emulaof Haroun-al-Raschid,
sent
an
elephant and other
But it remained
splendour to the Pope.
gifts of Oriental
the metropolis of a vast
new
empire. Each
his
Lisbon
seroes
in
year
came
with
adventurers
the
and
spices
doubt
No
its
the
fleet
best
precious
newly
discovered
the
from
stones
East.^
the
still,as
lands
at
the
the
many
from
returned.
1
Or
2
According
in
with
laden
preceding century, drew to Lisbon
foreignersof learned and inquiring mind," while
of
end
went
"
King,^ draining
returned
men,^
and
Indies
the
to
of
soldiers
and
gold
and
the
went
of
country
Cintra
or
Juromenha
and
twenty-six
years
to
Braga,
in
1542
;
according
to
others,
1544.
3
During
fleets set
the
sail from
^
Cf. Lusiads,
5
Ltis., ii. 4
Rei
que
foi
reign thirty-three
India.
:
Canella,
O
Muytos
King Manoel's
iv. 95-104.
"
^
for
Lisbon
of
homes
destes
rubi
cravo,
fine,
letrados
reynos,
"
o
ardente
especiaria
.
.
.
rigido diamante."
curiosos.
segundo
(Chronica
do
nome,
em
do
pyincipeDom
que
svmmariamente
loam,
122
STUDIES
the
provinces
came
in
others
and
seas,
amassed
de
Castro
and
their
show
whose
above
thoughts were
of successful trading. The
created
where
and
"
he
Rocio,^
careful
gentilityin
has
trattam
nouo
^
in
from
the
"
the
money,
"
laws,"^
tern
the
at
per
their
who
has
mais
has
de
Damiam
go
of
end
ouro."
gold.)
most
idly in the
affected
an
nelles
que
and
sadness
setting Garcilaso
conversation, and
sustan9iaes
cousas
now
echoing
Camoes,
tem
quem
maintain
to
had
casuist,
subtle
says
years
Indies
Kings
Resende
de
few
a
Composta
aconte9erao.
Lisboa, 1547.)
Goes.
Liis., viii. 5.
2
"
^
La
vao
reis onde
Lus., viii. 99
"
*
Mello
later
querem
interpreta mais
Este
textos
(in 1641),
in
days watching those who
peers at a bull-fightthrough
courtiers passing and walking
o
santo
dia
se
me
faz
; este
"
"Todo
cruzados."
"
:
Os
his
^
genius
now
won
giltyouth of the capital sauntered
The
de
wealth
officials
were
:
Agora engenho
(But
(though Joao
there
that
gold) or
Falcao
fifteenth century
riches
aristocracy."
of
unmaker
complaint of
the
se
"
guides
money
maker
the
brand-new
a
beyond the
unscrupulously
service
command
Eastern
still to
was
of
with
returning
during
city (Lisboa ingente^
men
yearly it received
after years
ruined
and
of
desirous
men
of the
change,
constant
scarred
Hfe
The
of
flow
steady
a
making fortune.
was
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
vay
a
subtilmente
que
letter to
the
a
and
come
friend,
those
down
os
homem
touros
De
e
espreita os
mesquinho
que
aqui vejo os Cortesaos
que
passao
leis.
who
of the
cracks
up and
notando
"
desfaz
e
que
says
go,
as
hoarding,
this square
que
that
vem
e
and
wastes
man
mean
I
see
[the Rocio]
os
pela greta
passeao
a
he
essa
que
do
vao,
the
"
"
como
palanque.
pra9a."
CAMOES
above
had
without
Boscao
fallen
fillthe
streets
absence
from
with
in
of
the
welcome
in
thinks
tutor
the
to
of
son
Linhares,
the
addressed
some
in
of his most
*'
Me
Camoes
muytos
six
at
this
fauores
"
time
"
wrote
"
his three
eclogues, and
spring
waiting of
of
of
1544
the
de
in
Caterina
Queen,^
Antonio
Dom
fell
he
"
these
the
Lima,
2
Camoes,
"
with
3
*
5
Auto
I think
the
it is the
three
hus
She
written
amores
was
best
eclogues
Evidently
"
de Filodemo,
Natcrcia
born
no
II., Scene
Act
of those
of Garcilaso
the
under
pa90
da
circa 1530,
I have
de
influence
rainha,"
and
la
"
says
"
his
de
at
the
cheo de
lyrics,
Filodeino,
"
of
one
several
of
his
sonnets.^
difficulties arose,
2.
written."
It, in fact, ranks
Vega.
of the
Spanish
CeUstina.
Mariz.
"
morreu
the
probably in
love with
a
lady-inde Athaide, daughter
years
eclogues (De quanto alento e gosto)and
His love w^as
apparently returned, but
1
in
Seletico,the last
d'El-Rei
Amphitrides,SindAtcto
probably in 1549). During
the
of
(Auto
whose
^
estimado
comedies^
dos
Auto
wrote
number
large
and
fiz."
de
Camoes
mourned
he
as
Conde
poems,
qiiertdo"
a
death
Camoes
whom
to
quantas
que
"
centred
houses
Noronha,
de
splendid
melhor
parece
age,
whose
of these
in Africa
(in 1553) he
early death
eclogue Que grande variedade, of which
time,
aspero de-
Manueline
Noronha
de
an
Portugal.
one
Francisco
Antonio
miserable,
a
certainlyhe found
nobility. Dr. Storck
;
of the
lived
or
or
Joao,
to
Court
at
himself
he
blov/
houses
many
that
Prince
a
"
taverns
literarypatronage,
young
serious
so
was
of
era
an
possibly received
was
all,fortunate
To
banishment
city was
Court
hopes of a new
promise
1554
in
the
gredo. At the
and
especiallyof
in the
riot.
brawl
would
days
who
those
reading either,^ while
evil
upon
123
no
pa?o
mo(;a
(in 1556).
STUDIES
124
for
and
variously given by his biographers,
banished
from
Lisbon, probably in the
reasons
Camoes
was
of the
beginning
d'El-Rei
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
subject of the
The
1549.
year
its reflections
SeleucOy with
conduct
the
on
Auto
to his
King Manoel, may have contributed
in part to blame,
disgrace. He recognizes that he was
in the sonnet
beginning :
of the
late
"
Erros
minha
Em
he went
Santarem,
Africa, either
in the
of
Africa.
It
was
in
noble
family to serve
preliminary to receiving some
a
{commenda)^
or
for
commutation
as
service
The
incurred.
^
Ribatejo, probably
in North
serve
men
as
royal benefice
penalty
to
for young
customary
ardente
amor
perdi9ao se conjuraram."
spending six months
After
at
fortuna,
ma
meus,
some
harassing one,
and owing
Moors
was
a
desultory attacks of the
to the fact that the supplies for the Portuguese troops
arrived
during this
irregularlyor not at all.^ It was
lost his right eye, probably in a
period that Camoes
owing
the
to
skirmish.
In
Africa^
trying in
and
coruja
Cf.
sadness
to
off his
gloom,
owl
the outavas
the
full of
sonnet
among
''
letters
Em
service
^
Esta
as
in
and
Camoes,
to
of
one
vae
com
to
"
his
"
so
as
ndo
por
written
poems
addressed
prisoes baixas
Vergonhoso
Two
The
sparrows
at
at
Antonio
de
tempo
atado,
exile,
not
to
parecer
this
Noronha
time
"
:
"
2
cast
verse) from
and
himself
par dues.
eittre
include
vain
an
as
appear
1
shows
he
(in prose
letter written
a
verse
by
fui
castigo
Manoel
still
urn
de
Pereira
his
printed among
hardship and hunger.
a
candeia
na
mdo.
erros."
meus
de
Ocem,
works,
formerly
describe
the
ascribed
African
CAMOES
*'
sobre
desconcerto
0
"
speaks
of
autumn
longer
155 1, he
cheo
"
de
rebellion
open
of Corpus
of
the
solemn
the
with
treated
scant
recognizing the
quarrel that ensued
the
official.
Court
thrown
His
from
his wound
sent
1
"
to
Fa^o
filho de
uos
Symao
cidade
esta
Cavalleiro
alive
?
de
orphan,
an
2
'
seruir
'
EUe
a
saber,"
Vaz,
lixboa
other
enviou
friends, in
wounded
for close
and
nine
upon
in
earnest.
"
no
a
to
hum
and
^
Luis
that
entries
de
minha
per
sua
to
or
it must
support
mancebo
e
If Dr.
Luis
letter, "que
that
says
in India."
dizer
opinion
similar
he
men.
tronquo desta cidade
he
terrible ordeal, and
"
"
fidalguo
Cavalro
me
a
was
arrested
begun
to
Borges,
and
was
now
poor,"
the
says
is of
sopricante
India."
lay
this year
me
Storck
and
he
itself
fidalguo, etc., apply
Dr.
he
when
in order
his
sword
this
had
and
young
serve
boisterous
masked
as
of
kind
a
horseback,
two
no
Gon9alo Borges having recovered
agreeing not to prosecute, Camoes
letter of
received
the King, and
a
letter speaks of
The
7, 1553.
''
being
as
to
March
dated
pardon,
going
and
petition^
a
his
time
in
been
left it for exile.
only
him
that
at
have
must
drew
For
troubles
Imprisonment
"
men
prison,where
into
months.
two
the
in
16, 1552,
on
by
respect
Camoes,
the
in
suspended
city was
procession, Gongalo
Rocio
in
there,
and
poor
Christi, June
official,crossing the
Court
found
months
next
guese
Portu-
Lisbon
to
apparently
fauores,''but
business
celebrate
the
spent
in
be
parallelsmay
Returning
Storck
Dr.
unrivalled
againstsociety,with
companions.
the day
On
all the
"
stanzas,
poems."
own
which
of
"
unless
lyricalpoetry,
Camoes'
mundo
do
magnificent
as
125
piti9am.
his
father
apply
this
pobre
to
Camoes,
morador
casa,
is
he
Storck's
de
Vaaz
''
Does
..."
Symao,
the
em
son,
still
now
view.
e
me
vay
este
anno
STUDIES
126
IN
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
chronology is adopted, Camoes
to
India
to
go
If he went
he
the
earlier, in 1550,
Africa
to
well
may
have
and
seas,
could
and
resolved
have
to
been
at
earlier date,
an
fortune
his
prove
across
his
from
moved
temporarily
Africa.
in
then
being
returned
designed
have
not
obtaining the patronage of
Prince
greatlygiven to encouraging men
Joao, who was
Mariz
of letters.
owing to his
says that he embarked
of his father,^although he also
poverty after the death
The
notices the report of his banishment.
ment
disappointthe
by
purpose
in
shown
at
death
his
the
of
left
He
"
bade
his
to
E
"
as
good-bye
2
como
He
think
todo
que
o
gracioso
0
e
se
his
there
is
matto
6
galante
ficou
"
para
will
news
nothing
but
ouregaos."
To
and
life
sem
"
pay
the
took
for the
world
this
His
hopes.
last
Scipio Africanus
ossa."^
Though
possidebis mea
embarcou
26,
place
ordinary wage.^
of
those
were
Poeta
nosso
that
says
that
Sousa, he
all his
to
(March
Bento
leaving
one
country
desamparo
neste
e
"
Ingrata patria,non
1
ship Sdo
Faria
to
Portugal
next," and
words
the
sailingwith
his
and
prison
soldier, receiving,the
common
a
in
According
1553)-
expectations,^
without
he
had
leaving Lisbon
Little over
a
fortnight elapsed
from
India
perhaps
India
from
of
moment
release
for
fleet
been
not
heart.
his
between
first letter
had
the
although
in
his
he
that
proves
of
hope
tao
:
vendose
pobre
.
.
.
India."
a
be
for certain
good
marjoram
Camoes,
many-coloured,
in
the
too, the
like
a
adventurers
wilderness
world
had
of
ma?ita
"
who
cuidam
seemed
Alemtejo
{Auto de Filodemo).
3
The
under
de
quotation
the
Blanca
lugar
Luis
y recibio
*
Letter
year
on
1553:
which
2,400
from
hijo
en
de
Simon
:
Deseiei
tanto
uma
the
hijo
Lisboa,
Vaz
los demas,"
como
India
is from
Casado,
moradores
Camoens,
reis
rests
"Fernando
Queymada,
de
this
vossa.
de
phantom
Manuel
Escudero.
y Ana
de
register,
Casado
Fue
en
y
su
Sa, Escudero,
STUDIES
128
**
bem
A
f
E
mi
de
Como
"
Por
nao
mostrar
sail
this
on
1498
January
10,
January
13 ;
reached
Momba9a
and
voyage,
of 1499,
with
Senhor
da
the
Bento
Joao
know
reached
in
March.
;
Melinde
Barros, but
de
itself
on
the
voyage
he
late
summer
companions.
celebrate
to
mind
reading the
likely that
more
he
as
the
return
in Camoes'
it is
on
In
the
on
after
Lisbon
at
on
Easter
20.
170
formed
was
voyage
Natal
on
resolve
the
that
(July8,
men
Hence
in the
his
ships
Zambeze
May
on
started
he
year
considered
plan evolved
to
7
the
Gama
three
of
coast
of
Calecut
and
same
Gama's
of
the
April
during his imprisonment
Decadas
170
Belem
finallyreached
of
but fifty-five
out
Braga
Vasco
Miguel, and
mouth
the
on
15;
the
the
.
.
da
Vasco
with
off
."
gente
a
Camoes,
Mozambique
at
Sunday, April
at
5.
ouvido,
toda
a
voyage
same
;
mal
e
mal
before
I iS.Gabriel, S. Raphael, and
arrived
had
\ 1497). He
of
descontente,
e
meu
nada.
tempo
o
suspiro profundo
um
autumn
presente
gesto immoto
o
Co'
set
tao
mudasse
nao
se
com
tenha
Nearly fifty-six
years
/ had
ja passada
aventuran9a
Diante
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
came
sonally
per-
The
Sao
places visited by Gama.
Goa, since 1510 the capitalof Portuguese
the
India, in September.
**
A
De
"
:
me
perhaps,
It was,
India
ventura
chegou minha
esta
desejada e longa terra,
todo pobre honrado
sepultura."^
Dest"* arte
I
am
here
^
in bitter
held
Elegy
in
0
irony
more
poeta
that
honour
Simonides.
he
wrote
than
from
bulls
of
CAMOES
friar
preaching
a
that
live in greater
and
Merceana,
is
the land
it became
for
"
;
the
''
of honest
when
men."
for him
of
his
1555
Faria
Sousa, he
he
says
and
mother
step-
disembarked
in
serve
colonies
military
a
If
Barreto.
the winter
of the
in honour
acted
eight
under
In
Viceroys.
was
Francisco
he
of Chembe.^
were
play Filodemo
Governor,
new
to
Portuguese
six of whom
Governors,
cell of
sentence
Scarcelyhad
1
in the
next
in the
of villdes ruins
mother
necessary
lived
quiet than
in his
expeditionagainstthe King
Camoes
129
we
believe
may
princiagainstthe pal
Barreto
was
obliged
Portuguese in Goa, for which
him to China.
It is more
to banish
probable that his
than a punishrather a reward
ment,
departure from Goa was
e
whether
also wrote
the
of
post
Dr.
as
Possiblyduring
occupying between
dos
absent) at
and
the
defuntos e
from
voyage
fortyand
Braga
the
to
Molucca
given him
maintains, had
Storck
dead
Senhor
as
right of trading
a
Provedor-jHor
for the
Trustee
had,
Governor
holds, granted him
Islands, or,
satires
aiisentes
the
(Chief
Macao.^
Goa
Malacca
to
fiftydays
"
Camoes
"
may
composed his celebrated redondilhas,Babel e Sido,
for
is Goa, while Sido stands
Babel, Babylonia infernal,
have
^
Letter, Desejeitanto
^
Elegy,
0
poeta
"
3
The
Senhor
post
with
Storck
which
was
his
martial
is
pleasure
he
Foi
logo
a
took
:
necessano
incompatible
with
inclinations."
little
battles
vossa.
rejects this,and
Braga
"
uma
Simonides
ago,
quotes
Francisco
As
such
part, although
guerra," k.t.X.
as
no
to
he
his
martial
certainly
Aljubarrota,
one
Alexandre
nobility, and
Cam5es'
sceptical,and
long
termos
has
much
doubted
:
so
more
inclinations, Dr.
describes
than
Lobo
any
his
with
more
fighting in
courage
endurance.
9
and
STUDIES
I30
Lisbon.^
lines
for each
Hne
day
of
like sobs
tilhas)sound
"
Sobolos
Babylonia
Onde
sentado
quanto
A
minha
Leaving
of
middle
sixteenth
Thence
in
Goa
at
century
a
sailed
he
embarked
The
Macao.
of
town
the
leisure
to
of the
Lusiadsj
bring
when
1
Cf.
his
2
Cf.
Lus.
sonnet,
,
X.
44
Cd
Cf.
the
(Storck),
or
ncsta
beginning of
the
a
In
thence
to
at
Macao
give him
would
conclusion
But
the
cantos
probably
were
his
was,
fightat sea.^
Malacca, and
their
the
inhabitants.^
Islands, and
in
the
about
peace
pleted
com-
of
was
no
Babylonia.
:
Opulenta Malacca
Catifao,Com
Ternate
in
to
left India.
"
3
in
arrived
six of which
some
he
he
wounded
to
negue
ti !"
de
Molucca
spent
almost
te
que
nearly 200,000
return
months
assi,
em
Malacca,
to
perdi,
te
esque^a
me
to
apegue
viver
tempo
apparently,dangerously
1558
passei.
April, 1556,
May
he
Siao,
de
nella
Se, emquanto
que
{quin-
verses
chorei
fauces, pois
Ou
The
exile
of
years
achei,
lingua se
Houver
it would
and
vao
me
lembrangas
As
these
land.
rios que
E
;
year
grief:
Por
As
the
in
his native
for
sighed
Camoes
of five
seventy-threeverses
daily during
indeed, that
seem,
of
They consist
a
"
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
forqa desusada, written
(Braga).
"
nomeada.
in
the Island
of
Banda
CAMOES
long
Whether
duration.
131
he
of
enviously accused
was
in his post of Provedor
at Macao,^
irregularities
some
dispute as to rights of trading, he
or, owing to
the authority of the Captain of the
arrested
was
on
Silver
sailed
Silk
and
Ship," which
annually from
some
"
for
Goa
China
obliged
1560.
the
mouth
of
Caesar, with
He
he
the
his
to
and
that
^
won
going
down
wait
be
to
taken
to
with
Malacca
ship,and finallyreached
1560. Shortly after his arrival
of
Constantino
Dom
now
Francisco
Dom
had
known
definite
^
life has
2
Camoes
official
so
Camoes,
many
curious
"
Este
seu
who
was
any
acquitted and
in
is almost
Cervantes,
with
selling
corn
impossible
whose
life his
guilty of dishonesty.
was
rio] recebera
o
Canto,
naufragio
placido
que
triste
e
e
brando
molhado
miserando,
escapado,
procellosos
dos
fomes,
perigos grandes, quando
Sera
o
injusto
mais
Sera
in error,
executado
mando
cuja lyra
Naquelle
grangeou."
than
more
Viceroy,
replaced by
Cervantes
It
in the
baixos
Das
Mariz
of
first
Redondo,
was
Andalucia.
coincidences,
rega90
do
Dos
3
in
any
[Mecom
Vem
arrest
that
as
in the
the
there
If
ship.
128:
No
his unjust
such
de
he
like
the
Goa
was
Conde
Lisbon.
at
authorization
that
Cf. Ltis.,X.
When
Coutinho,
de
incorrectness,
believe
to
Bragan9a,
charge against Camoes,
Some
without
de
at
alone, whatever
passing merchant
autumn
and
spring of
the
in
shipwrecked off Cambodia,
Mekong,^ and escaped,
river
have
years'voyage),
probably
Goa,
manuscript,
may
had
now
for
however,
was,
three
Japan (a
embark
to
He
w^ealth
and
sonorosa
afamada
Camoes
que
confessed
ditosa.
his
'
erros.
'
Here
he
protests against
que
laa
[i.e,,in China]
(0 injustomando).
speaks
of
"a
enchente
dos
bens
IN
STUDIES
132
released, but he
from
the
about
he
went
the latter's
the
of
the
1567 remain
the
de
in
to
The
that, being
of
returning
accomplish part of
he
whether
Chaul
at
"
the
the
to
of
autumn
Barreto, who
extreme
Portugal,
post should
was
was
parently
ap-
poverty,
he
would
and
thus
It is not
expensive journey.
appointed to be an
was
when
the
Mozambique,
to
in
to
the
life from
for his acceptance
Pedro
now
is
niedi^ina
e cousas
in
reason
Governor
as
Orta, printed in
(February, 1564)
Mozambique
accompany
1567
desirous
da
Redondo,
de
CamSes'
Redondo
blank.
a
in
j^ears
in
of Camoes,
friend, the Conde
The
Conde
offer
known
Viceroy, then
printed poem
dos simples
e dro^as
Colloguios
poefs arrival
going
first
his
to
(1563).
India
of
the
que
of India, in praise of Garcia
Viceroy
the
to
poem
properly
very
expedition,begging that before
ship,he, the poet, might be freed
antes
addressed
death
a
doubt
no
"
seja embarcado
desembargado seja."
Que
1563 appeared
ode
da
an
his
Eu
an
he
hardship of prison :
"
In
wrote
on
board
on
the
from
prison,he
embark
to
for debt, and
subsequently arrested
was
cadeia,''as
''infernal
calls the
"
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
trator
adminis-
become
^
vacant
by a Viceroy before leaving India, or, as Dr. Storck,
Castello
Branco, considers, directly
following Camillo
return
to
Portugal
by King Sebastian, after Camoes'
"
and
1
publicationof
the
Such
was
filled four
the
or
successor
instance
nominated.
Camoes
the
demand
five
times
of
an
never
the
for
over
"
Lusiads.
office that
i.e.,the
official would
occupied
be
the
a
post would
successor
already
post
for
of
sometimes
the
which
of
successor
In
appointed.
he
had
be
this
been
CAMOES
about
spent
two
de
found
we
friend
live
obliged to
able
to
him
with
Luis
for
embark
all
Camoes,
so
his friends.
on
at
Diogo
Goa
1616],
mate
ship-
clothes
was
be
might
furnished
friends
and
needed,
he
he
that
his
he
that
poor
And
Portugal,we
the
says
poets of his time, my
the
de
died
1542,
there
him
found
Goa,
Mozambique,"
In
Lisbon
at
prince of
that
and
"
1569.
[born
Couto
friends, sailing with
fleet from
of
in the winter
Camoes
Mozambique
Several
years.
homeward-bound
the
of
island
unhealthy
the
In
133
of
one
us
in
winter
that
food.
with
And
supply him
Mozambique he set the finishingtouches to his Lusiads
with
view to printing them, and
was
a
writing much
he entitled
which
he was
in a book
making, and which
would
The
Parnassus
de
Luis
of
him.
And
I
was
Portugal,in spite of
notable
a
theft.
able
never
my
of the
1
26:
Em
tempo,
seu
comia
amigos
de
meu
amigos,
toda
a
pera
roupa
que
aquelle
suas
aperfei9oar as
muito
de
hum
em
Camoens,
furtarao,
houve
de
que
muita
mouth
the
near
in the
em
em
fazendo, que
Reino
Ihe
faltou
quern
very
no
Reino
Portugal
intitulava
delle, por
morreo
ajuntamcs
Ihe
Mo9ambique,
imprimir e foy
erudifao, doutrina,
saber
nunca
nao
as
pera
hia
e
esteve
que
o
pera
mister
Luziadas
livro
livro
erabarcar
se
inverno
pode
furto
e
foy
notavel, e
pobreza."
pura
e
in
da Asia
e
e
comer,
died
Clara, with
Santa
Peninsula
the
was
(published after the author's death, in 1673),
de
achamos
Mo9ambique
aquelle Principe dos Poetas
matalote
de
tao
Luiz
Camoens.
e
amigo
pobre que
Oytava
"
the
it in
it
poet
Cascaes,
at
reached
He
Tagus.
Decada
cap.
board, arrived
on
of
hear
to
excellent
this
And
stolen
was
inquiries. And
many
Portugal in sheer destitution." ^
At
length, on April 7, 1570,
Camoes
which
philosophy,
much
of
book
a
^
science, learning, and
from
Camoes
este
e
desse
acabou
Filosofia,
que
excellente
de
de
escrevendo
de
Parnaso
muito
os
o
o
Luiz
qua! Ihe
inqueri,
Poeta
em
134
year
STUDIES
in which
his greater contemporary,
his
starting on
had
able
his Cangdo, Vinde
"
sea.^
and
been
ca
similar
of
odyssey
land
by
Camoes
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
to
was
perils and
ventures
misad-
seventeen
years
For
from
lines
daily the
repeat
:
Agora, peregrino,vago
Vendo
Cervantes,
errante
linguagens e costumes,
Ceos
varios, qualidades differentes,
So por seguir com
diligentes
passos
A ti, Fortuna
injusta,que consumes
na9oes,
idades, levando-lhes
As
Uma
esperan^a
diante
vista
em
diamante
de
:
conhece
cae
se
quando das maos,
Que e fragilvidro aquilloque apparece."
Mas
(An exile
languages
Customs
and
And
conditions
new
follow
To
Of
see,
skies
alien
;
thee
"
generations perish,and thy ray
hope, as diamond
bright,illumes
Till
from
now
Brittle
as
out
glass is
Das
"
Sie
Und
Sie
Wie
their
During
caused
these
years
him
^
Tantas
"
O
vezes
hands
show.)
ist die Welt,
steigtund fallt,
rollt bestandig ;
klingtwie Glas,
bricht
bald
had
in
longo
m'
das
!
inwendig."
he
write
to
their way.
it falls,and lo,
all its empty
Ist hohl
that
nations
and
under
stray,
sole enterprise,
is my
through thee
unjust, since evermore
Fortune
The
I
wanderer
and
now
a
shown
the
letter from
mar,
que
esteve
a
Africa
amea9ando
vida
spirit
same
cara."
(Catifdo,Vinde
cd.)
"
:
He
136 STUDIES
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
by the pure crystalflow
still invite
Of spring that, welling forth, should
Sweet
nightingaleto tell us of her woe
in love's despite;
And
parting from her mate
would
Then
the
seek
Or
hearth, when
of the
shelter
snow
changed
from
pleasant study turn our
the spirit still its
mind
in
hills
The
lie
we
winter
to
green
white,
And
unto
which
In
food
surest
must
find.)
His
real
of
love
of his works,
passage
considered
**
A
formosura
E
a
O
manso
toda
rouco
do
som
:
castanheiros,
d'estes ribeiros,
verdes
tristeza
a
estranha
a
mar,
desterra
se
;
terra,
sol
pelos outeiros,
O recolher dos gados derradeiros.
Das
nuvens
pelo ar a branda guerra
O
do
esconder
fim, tudo
Em
Com
M'esta,
se
o
que
ti tudo
Sem
ti perpetuamente
me
enoja
(These cool hills' beauty
Of
the
Of
green
these
natureza
rara
offrece
nos
e
and
;
passando
tristeza."
the
chestnut-trees, the
[fair]streams
aborrece
me
estou
alegriasmor
mores
:
vejo,magoando.
te
nao
Sem
Nas
a
variedade
tanta
Bocage
fresca serra,
caminhar
Donde
O
dos
after
passage
which
sonnet
half the Lusiads
d'esta
sombra
the
in
as
worth
be
to
in
is shown
nature
whence
[pleasant]shade
gentle flow
[thought of]
every
woe
Is banished
The
With
sea's
[and
dull
roar,
beauty],o'er
last herds
And
the
The
quietwar
by
griefmust
swiftlyfade];
earth curious[lyinlaid
the hills the sunset['sglow,]
all
that
clouds
[slowly]homeward
go,
in heaven
[made] :
CAMOES
All that
In
such
If thee
fair nature
offers
variety,all
unto
I may
not
thee
all is
Without
thee
I must
In
that
But
which
make
Lusiads
of lot
other
and
of his friends
of them
^
of
poems
enclosed
the
the
in
style
new
The
loit'ringwalk
hoarse
[The gilded
The
flocks
The
soft
Not
all the
That
nature
de
Camoens
Viscount
sad
her
tread
come
news
and
translating
in
(in
this
sonnet
following
eighth
lines
is
are
the
at
from
Can
cold
And
as
from
give,
before
the
the
translation
with
"
of
in
sonnet
on
London
his
:
delight,]
sight
go]
woe.
my
Litis
Hnrst
and
"
drear
Poems,
life
"
rare
aching
increase
"
"
sole
onward
[I
gay]
way
blaze
prospect
Longman,
this
remarks
a
rays
beauties
my
verdure
homeward
sunny
Writings
London:
Strangford.
1808, 1810, 1824].)
as
stand
and
[with
parting
to
me,
but
me
Life
of
earth
thou, [my
joys increase,
vols.
"
and
when
made,]
silvery tide]
the
charms
boasts,
hath
their
eve
shade,
side,
abode
the
yielding to
varied
And
river
the
of] Phoebus'
pomp
mist
comfort
:
had
The
verdant
chestnut's
sound"
that
absent
{Memoirs of
the
linger'd [on
sorrow
sea's
2
many
additions
second
most
seen
neccessary.
(the
along
[woe
never
[Nor]
Adamson.
of the
had
closely packed,
metre
same
sonnet
cool,
mountain
Art
to
means
:
Where
freer
the
The
The
often
are
He
Portugal
frequently
are
of
version
mistranslated)
a
from
the
no
manuscript
The
absent.
or
into
with
his sole wealth, and
was
redondilhas
old
Portugal
possible.
dead
brackets)
Adamson's
is
in
die in India, and
Whereas
despair ;
perpetually
^
pleasure greatest grief.)
find
poems
were
relief.
no
and
sorrow
arrived
choice
a
brings
gives most
Camoes
[most fair]
us
me,
see,
Without
137
de
and
from
Camoens.
John
There
1820.
Co.,
the
By
Portuguese of Luis
writings.
.
.
.
By
Lord
J. Carpenter, 1803 [1804, 1805, 1807,
of
of
death
the
dear
him.
to
Antonio
Caterina
Joao (1554),
found
He
"
favor
O
Nao
da
o
D'uma
had
coinage
(1569)
summer
hundred
April
on
had
landed.
full
opportunity
with
the
eighteen
have
to
a
Lusiadas, which
the
Portuguese
*
'^
Lus.,
Dr.
Camoes
the
X.
India
ately.
immedi-
after the
plague,
Camoes
of
procession,
to
was
of Dom
de
Sa
publish
Manoel
Miranda,
permission.
23,
octava
1571.
rima
had
desolation
present
now
the
It
The
speaks
called
the
complete Cantos, in which
the principal deeds
of
verse
since
the
discovery made
ode
quern
dardo
by
145.
Storck
to
in
of
ten
poeticallyin
forth
in
even
part in it,and
necessary
work
seven
not
days after
object
September
contains
set
few
friend
the
and
had
Corpus Christi
poet and
as
are
six
disembark
held
had
violence
through the influence
**
poem
a
preceding
passengers
the
His
able to obtain
,hewas
royal privilegeis dated
the
the
taken
of the
Portugal,^ the
of
in the
and
to
contrast
before.
the Lusiadsy and
de
allowed
may
scenes
years
five
that
so
probably
He
gay
tristeza."^
unusual
procession was
1570,
20,
of
Lisbon,
not
were
solemn
A
evil
perishing daily, and
persons
Clara
Santa
mettida
rudeza
na
plague
a
greed
to
up
engenho
o
esta
debased, and
been
wholly subsided,
now
e
accende
que
apagada
city of
the
ravaged
se
patria,nao,
austera,
given
others
and
:
mais
que
a
(1556),
his country
gosto da cubiga
No
The
com
Athaide
de
(1553),Prince
Noronha
de
mean-spirited gloom
and
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
138 STUDIES
Dom
publication
thinks
Manoel
of the
that
de
the
Portugal
Lusiads,
A
not
before, but
was
addressed
by
immediately after,
CAMOES
of the
order
and
other
King Manoel,
late
that
says
also
shall
these
^
great-grandfather,"
my
Luis
said
if the
"
Cantos
139
shall
Camoes
de
Holy Office." ^ The censura
excision
even
pass, making no
obra
esta fabula dos D eases
na
to
deities
the author
fiction,and
and
poem
of the
it is
a
poet only wishes
a
as
the
pagan
since
"
"
"
mission
per-
allowed
of the
poem
the
printed,with
be
add
thereby his poetic style;"^ provided that it
detriment
to
recognized as a fable and without
of the
truth of our
holy faith,since all the Gods
adorn
to
"
be
the
Gentiles
author
shows
learning
appeared
^
hua
"
principaes
"e
o
se
"
mais
declarao
depois
os
se
que
Manoel
Rey
dom
auendo
isso licenca
pera
fingimento
"
ornar
estilo
o
acrescentados
tiuer
mais
algus Cantos
"
Poetico
o
do
sancto
ofifiicio."
Autor
tiuemos
nao
poeta
como
por
nao
inconue-
."
.
"
Cam5es
Poesia
que
se
gloria aja."
de
he
del
dez
contem
que
India
da
madado
Lusiads
publication
versos
em
partes
por
its
the
much
The
Lusiadas
Os
poetica
nas
ellas
para
Luis
isto
ordem
por
Portugueses
sancta
que
^
after
weeks
chamada
rima
qual
dos
few
*'
skill and
much
sciences."
A
Octaua
em
dito
Como
niente.
.
conhecendoa
fe, que
5
1572."
imprimerao
se
pertenda
*
in
that
adds
censor
poem
human
nauegacao
a
tambem
3
the
feitos
visauo,
meu
2
in
obra
descobrio
the
in
perfeitos na
cantos
The
Demons."^
are
"o
sciencias
todos
Autor
os
ficando
tal, "
por
dos
Deoses
Getios
nelle
mostra
salua
a
engenho
"
muita
humanas."
6
OS
LVSIADAS
de
Com
Luis
de
moes.
Ca-
privilegio
real.
Impresses
Lisboa,
em
Inquisi9ao "
sancta
rio
:
em
casa
nossa
sancta
Demonios."
sam
muito
de
verdade
de
com
do
licenca
Ordina-
Antonio
Go^aluez Impressor
1572.
da
erudicao
das
I40
STUDIES
the
poet received
reis
a
dated
July 28,
regard
and
years,
:
Luis
future, and
to
and
abilityand
to
in
me
which
the
de
King
.
.
having
.
knight of
Camoes,
India
15,000
(alvard) is
decree
I the
"
runs
which
pension of
a
The
rendered
that
to
King
years.
service
household, has
my
the
and
1572,
the
to
from
for three
year
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
during
many
in
hope he will render me
the knowledge I have
of his gifts
I
the
sufficiencywhich
he
in
showed
concerning the things of
India, am
a
pleased to grant him
pension of 15,000
In
reis}
(alvard of August 2) and 1578 (alvard
1575
of June 2) the pension was
for three
renewed
more
in each
in 1582 (alvard of May
and
31)
case,
years
the
written
book
him
by
King Philip II. granted
to
{ff.186).
but
second
nothing
in which
later
a
its head
the
of submitting
of books
pelican
edition,
privilege of ten
edition
for the
Ferreira,
remained
this
edition
new
as
imitation.
such
esteem
have
"
cam
the
editio
writes
that, contrary
ElRey
Eu
the
fidalgo
muitos
que
sciencia
.
annos
tenho
would
e
de
be
das
cousas
da
mil
reis de
tenca
a
India
em
respeito
.
de
minha
ao
que
casa
me
espero
que
engenho
seu
e
ao
description]
ey
bem
cada
hum
e
me
anno."
praz
the
over
diante
que
necessity
the
examiner
Ber-
Frey
however,
off
pass
nas
the
held
in
Portuguese
to
copies of
e
Luis
a
fazer
de
e
merce
India
informa-
a
suficiencia
no
it
Camoes
da
partes
fara
me
mostrou
de Ihe
been
12,000
feyto
habilidade
better
por
has
poem
serui^o que
ao
original
extraordinarily clumsy
own,
tem
bility
proba-
the
the
to
was
propensity of
their
all
(He,
censura.
an
the
"
than
object
was
that
1613
to
avendo
.
original
princeps, it
in
liberal
when
on
princcps.
the
[582 (when
less
the
pelican
editio
to avoid
A
text.
is in
right
later,
even
If
1603.)
than
foreign things more
been
printed in Portugal."
caualleiro
por
the
its
to
de
numerous
the
the
probably
before
priest
signed
till
and
(1572), has
Inquisition,perhaps
some
who
office
Mariz
honour
was
press
in
expire),or
the
to
de Luis
Mai
in which
edition
perhaps,
made,
date
same
its head
turns
Sd,
privilegio,
censura,
its left is
to
would
years
the
tholameu
^
the
(/. 186), bearing the
of print and
spelling. The
title-page turns
That
de
Ana
edition
variants
the
contains
It
'^
livro
de
[tniiita
que
fez
quinze
CAMOES
Camoes,'"
in India
he
considering the services which
in Portugal, and
that she, Anna
and
and
reis,which
that
clear, however,
would
Couto
Faria
de
that
says
justlycall
it
this
Lisbon, he
the
which
Cantos
India, and
says
in
the
in the
remain
pension
e
"
a
ella
the
which
Court
the
had
respeito
Ana
de
Sa
ser
to
and
receive
make
a
fez
pobre
e
na
e
always
Camara,
reino,
no
e
ficar
nao
a
trans-
verse
India
dalle
small
the
but
da
he
obliged
was
Diaz
elle
que
velha
muyto
at
128],
[Ltis.yx.
to
Ruy
services
aos
even
as
difficulty,
great
above
him
fidalgo,asked
may
ing
perfect-
and
granted him,
that, when
poverty
auendo
with
in order
King
we
arrival
Camoes'
printed them,
^
for,
was
so
was
brought already wTitten
mentioned
he
Severim
rets
composing
had
saved
1572
year
well-known
1
had
stanza
at
such
he
agrees
Mariz, perhaps,
After
finished
It is
Mariz
15,000
it
^
all."
at
he
"
from
in
of
many
sum.^
poverty, and
this
poverty.
says,
live.
to
his extreme
favour
no
exaggerates
to
barely
time
regularlypaid, it
it been
pension
that, ''considering whom
small
And
him
regards
as
had
that
ruary
Feb-
the present
At
that
at
less than
even
even
enable
but
with
of
salaries
officials had
but
heir," ^
(alvard of
later
"3,
Sa, is
de
other
no
full 15,000.
about
is worth
15 milreis
day
left
was
to the
increased
1585)
he
that
and
poor,
6,000 of the 15,000
5,
rendered
"
old
very
141
outro
erdeiro."
2
those
Among
given by
lady-in-waiting:
as
de
Auto
3
tenca
"
a
e
Mofina
merce
tal
Mendes
que
em
que
milreis
ten
btorck
Dr.
a
fez
sua
Cf.
year.
(1534) and
Ihe
is that
Auto
el
comparacao
da
the
Barca
D.
Rey
of
Caterina
prices
do
de
Gil
Athaide
Vicente's
Pi(rga:orio(1518).
Sebastiao
justamente
in
Ihe
d'uma
podemos
pequena
chamar
nenhuma."
*
From
this
one
Lisbon, possibly
to
might
live at
gather that
Coimbra.
Camoes
had
wished
to
leave
STUDIES
142
lation
his
of the
Penitential
did
urging
him
went
to
not
carry
that
he
a
the
the
and
his
poem
the
him
why
long
ago,
in
plenty,loved
giftsand favours
had
was
from
friends
poetic ardour, but that now
for anything, for here was
content
for a few pence
to buy coal, and he
him."
King
Sebastian
he
had
his
had
{ndo
teiie gra^a
coin
brated
cele-
when
with
he
many
excited
heart
not
no
favour
no
Rey),
esse
give
to
money
or
him
Jao asking
insists that he found
Mariz
And
seeing
ladies,which
and
did
love, living
loaded
and
his
^
in
he
so
that
and
young
honoured,
and
composed
poet answered,
he
Cantos
so
and
poet
a
but
;
made
promise,
great
so
for all
poet
translation, the nobleman
and, complaining, asked
those
wrote
Psalms,
make
not
out
was
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
with
lived
and
in such
poverty that Jao, the slave he had brought with
from
in the streets
at
Africa, begged for his master
him
night ;
story of these
relates
"
1
that
trazia
como
elle diz
dous
tensinha
Diaz
Ruy
OS
isso
para
xoso
Poema
:
fauores
"
Ihe
elle
para
2
caruao
"
De
dera.
:
:
noyte
foy
se
Ihe
respondeo
E
elle
pedia
nao
tinha
o
tinha
seu
para
para
o
com
Ihas
fazer, por
o
que
espiritu
lao,
em
mais
"
Ihe
que
nem
ajudar
a
verso
sustentar."
que
quey-
hauia
tam
tanto
famoso
Cantos
cheo
de
calor
Poetico
duas
era
muytos
contentamento
pedia
dar."
da
pedindolhe
traduzisse
aquelles
estimado,
damas
nao
estaua
esmola
de
"
q
composto
fezera
quando
obrigacao
prometera
tinha
da
q
setenta
perguntandolhe
Ihe
que
anno
sempre
o
fidalgo "
o
de
por
Ihe
de
que
querido
agora
as
"
"
amigos
aly
o
fazer
q
namorado,
que
a
Poeta
grande
de
conhecido,
elle
de
pobre
tam
no
to
trabalho
grande
Corte
em
King
Cantos
seus
com
logo
acabando
nao
acabaua
Porque
"
"
:
tam
"
Mas
estes
saluara
E
residindo
fidalgo bem
nao
merces
augmentaua
nada
Ihe
estimulaua,
o
farto
mancebo,
ficou
Camara,
sendo
tempo,
Rey
limar
referida.
the
ask
to
naufragio
sen
A
greater air of truth,
a
"
compor
acima
Penitenciaes
porque
para
el
da
Psalmos
no
"
imprimio
que
"
octava
na
de
acabou
:
has
threatened
Camoes
copostos
OS
which
years,
disto
Depois
India
"
probably entirely unfounded.^
statement
a
moedas
se
in the Church
Viveo
tempo.
Anno
de
de
Esta
1579.
aqui
Ihe mandou
campa
assi
"
miserauelmente
"
de
Poetas
Principe dos
Camdes,
pobre
gives this epitaph :
Anna,^ and
of Santa
Luis
^'Aqui jaz
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
144
seu
morreo.
Dom
por
Na
enterrara
qual senao
Gon9allo Coutinho.
persoa
June 10,
algua." But the real date of his death was
1580.2 He probably had not heard of the two Spanish
translations^ of the Lusiads, the imprimatur of the first
of which
March
is dated
(1544-1595) refers
which
Tasso
hiion
Luigi."
after
Camoes'
When
his life to
knowledge of
the
his life,many
passages
had
probably
he
should
Thus
1
with
church,
with
Decree
due
when
que
em
3
por
Luis
to
year,
famous
from
to
and
the
de
he
Camoes
died
"
of
less.
meaningand
but
fair that
of the
Mekong.
was
mouth
Hospital
were
removed
lie in
tomb
with
a
da
in
Gama
a
and
1582, granting
from
desde
it
the
13,
"
""*
companion,
remains
of Vasco
of November
without
to
de Santa
small
side
King
January, 1580, to
de 1880
Janeiro do anno
i
10
ate
nineteenth
chapel
of the
Sebastian.
de
Anna
What
Anna.
the
in
Sa
June
de
10
6,765
of the
reis
same
Junho d'elle,
fallecen.''
Los
Lusiadas
Benito
poeta Luys
de Luis
Caldera.
de Camdes,
Salamanca, 1580.
*
now
tombs
other
Can-do begins :
his
be
the
at
confusion
a
Belem,
century
to
2
his poems
have
life,
varios
become
e
year
to
of any
successes
that
a
Camoes'
on
his constant
been
colto
''
Lisbon,
that
his works
his life,so
saved
his most
presumed
were
in
the
as
in
sonnet
his poetry, and
peregrinacoes"
had
save
Perhaps
^'
the
inquiry is said
greater degree than
a
poems
him
to
II. entered
first
poet is intimatelyconnected
His
of
nor
Portuguese poet.
at length
to dwell
It is necessary
since
Philip
death, his
for the great
been
1580,
27,
Severim
de Faria.
traduzidos
de CamOes
Alcala
traduzida
de
en
La
Henares, 1580.
.
.
.
por
.
.
octava
.
rima
Lusiada
Luys
Gomes
castellana
de
el
de
famoso
Tapia.
CAMOES
Vinde
"
tao
meu
ca
queixumes que
Papel, com
quern a
faithful
whom
I
poet gains
No
be well
to
Lusiads, but
the
cangoes, all
gold
read
the
outavas,
called
The
the
entirety,not only the
the
magnificent
sonnets,
in its
read
worthy
ivory and
of the
more
Obt-as
completasde
diligencia de J.
Luis
V.
de Camoes,
e
e
heroic
prince of
emendadas
Monteiro.
G.
J.
often
so
(complete works)
correctas
Feio
Barreto
elegiesand
been
has
He
Lusiads,^ the
of Camoes
editions
recent
of Petrarca, the
and
odes
splendideclogues.^
author
require
their full scent.
they give out
beautiful
and
to
re-read ; his
and
plant which
some
exquisite redondilhas, the
many
e
be
griefs,
paper
all my
sorrow.)
of
before
must
1
leaves
crushed
his work
And
of
by being
more
like the
are
poems
desaffogo."
pena
tellingmy
fazendo,
ando
sempre
confidant
ever
am
secretario
certo
Dos
(Come,
145
:
are
pelo
cuidado
vol.
Ham-
3
burgo, 1834.
biographico, no
conhecidos
suavida, augmentadas
nao
qual se
alguns
de JuroVisconde
ineditas
do
Pelo
com
algumas composicoes
poeta.
menha.
6 vol.
Li sboa, i86o-i86g. (Vol. i. contains
life,bibliography,
Obms
de Luiz
de Camoes.
Precedidas
de
ensaio
um
factos
relatam
da
documents.)
and
Obras
completas de
Obras
completas de
Lisboa, 191
de Camoes.
Luiz
Luiz
de
7 vol.
Camoes.
Porto, 1873-74.
[popular] edicao.
Nova
vol.
3
2,
the poems
of these editions
Unfortunately none
distinguish between
written
and
those
(over a quarter of the whole) written
by Camoes
of Diogo Bernardes
(quite
by other poets, and many
splendid poems
of having stolen
stance,
Camoes'
gratuitously accused
Parnaso) are, for inthe
translated
works.
Storck
Camoes'
whole,
printed among
less
than
sonnets.
362
including no
2
The
Lusiads
{London, 1655).
1791
;
London,
have
W.
1798;
been
J.
Mickle
London,
Johnson's Poets ; Boston,
{London: Murray, 1826).
English by R. Fanshaw
{Oxford, 1776; Oxford, 1778; Dublin^
translated
1822
L.
into
1807; London,
;
London,
Mitchell
i8og
1877).
;
1810
London,
T.
{London, 1854).
M.
"
in
Musgrave
R.
10
F.
Duff
146 STUDIES
tially
forgotten that he is essencontinuallyeven
lyricpoet appears
it is apt
poets, that
the
an
epic poet
Lusiads.
As
he
Of
his sonnets,
beautiful
is that
"
mais
EUe
e
Alma
Tam
la
Repousa
E
viva
Se
la
eu
no
ca
Memoria
sempre
ethereo
onde
vida
d'esta
the
{Lisbon, 1880). R. Burton, with
1884). J. J. Aubertin
{London, 1878
translations
^
death
:
Manoel
give
Rythmas
de
Camoes'
Lyra,
complete works,
excellence.
Take,
in
for instance,
"
the
erblickte
Eine
Ros'
the
cinco
em
years
after
these
partes.
his
Lisb"a
:
Aquella cativa
:
Sinn
nach
im
und
Glanz
war
strahlen
nicht
Blumen
auf
Feld
But
ihr
am
;
Kranz
Schoner
Als
overshadow
of
nie
Reiz
an
und
Reicher
Stern'
Deus.
None
bin
todtlich
Stellt mir
Die
Ich
Seel'
mit
Ich
de
till fifteen
oi
version
Sklav
Ganz
Joao
1884.
Quaritch, 1880,
Jene Sklavin, ach,
Deren
2
:
only country that possesses
by Dr. Storck, of unfailing
translation
a
subiste
original.
the
is
Germany
1595.
London,
;
Divididas
de Camoes.
de Luis
triste !
lyrics {London
published
not
were
:
consente,
se
of the
idea
adequate
an
lyrical poems
His
Athaide
de
descontente,
terra
na
most
eternamente
ceo
assento
no
:
partiste
te
vida
d'esta
perhaps the
of Caterina
gentilque
cedo
Portuguese poetry
and
death
minha
as
montanha."^
known
the
on
than
collinas
sao
a
best
less
lyricsno
in
supreme
Os
the
of
writer
a
stands
*'
be
to
The
lyrical.-^
in
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
als sie.
dem
Himmelszelt
Angesicht,"
it is unfair
delightfullyscented
that
hills.
etc.
the
mountain
should
entirely
CAMOES
Nao
vires que
se
Alguma
Da
de
cedo
teus
que
de
cedo
tam
de
ca
encurtou,
annos
leve
me
olhos
meus
perder-te,
ver-te
a
levou
te
!"
early didst depart,
!
I lingerhere,
at rest in Heaven
heart ;
the lonely anguish of my
art
feed
And
Deus,
a
ficou
me
que
remedio,
sem
viste !
merecer-te
dor
a
who
spirit,
(Meek
Thou
pode
cousa
magoa,
Roga
Que
Quam
ardente
de aquelle amor
esquegas
tarn
olhos meus
nos
puro
te
Que ja
E
147
so
Thinking
of all that
All lost !
If in this
world
happy
above
life endure
of this mortal
Remembrance
dear.
existence
made
forgetthe perfectlove
O spiritpure
still thou
Which
see'st in me.
if the irremediable
And
grief,
which
The
never
woe
hopes on earth relief,
May merit aught of thee, prefer thy prayer
took thee early to His rest,
To
God, who
the blest
amid
That
it may
soon
please Him
Thou
wilt
then
not
"
To
maid
dear
me,
summon
is that
equally beautiful
Almost
! to
meet
which
thee
!
there
tells of
!)^
their
parting :
"
Aquella
Cheia
triste
leda
e
de
toda
magoa
houver
no
Emquanto
Quero que seja
Ella so, quando
Saia, dando
^
"
no
The
amid
the
blest
equivalent
in
"
celebrada.
sempre
e
amena
terra
and
the
"
Dear
original.
(gracious,fair,pleasant).
maid
Nor
saudade
mundo
marchetada
claridade,
Southey's, printed by
is
version
a
madrugada,
e
piedade,
!"
is
are
**
Adamson.
Needless
entirelySouthey's,
the right word
meek
"
to
and
for
say,
have
gentil
148 STUDIES
IN
Viu
apartar-se de
Que
viu
so
de
Que,
uns
apartada ;
ver-se
fio
lagrimas em
as
de
e
vontade
outra
uma
podera
nunca
Ella
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
olhos
outros
derivadas,
largo rio
Juntando-se formaram
Ella ouviu
as
palavras magoadas
o
fogo frio
Que poderao tornar
dar
E
(That
But
descanso
which
sadly rose yet joyfully,
and with pain,
fraught with sorrow
dawn
all
rose
While
in the
I trust
may
and
Beheld
will
That
to the
it alone
those
From
unity.
unceasing flow
and
That
shall have
And
shared
Garcilaso
*'
some
style; but
of legend
those
la
de
sung
Vega
also
in
delightfuland
more
e
"
to
natural
Menina
*'
:
de
Auto
Porque
Or
doce
castelhano
Lasso
delighted in
the
snow
for
admiration
Miranda's
written
were
the
older
cantiga,cantigas muito
and
;
griefexpressed
change e'en fire to
give rest.)
of his earliest poems
he
woe
:
brando
O
de
Sa
of
stream
in
words
to
power
in agony
souls
unto
Camoes
and
to the
these, sorrow-distressed,
from
Forming together a long
It listened
cleft in twain
will and
tears
eyes
brought lightagain,
live in
ever
saw
be.
majesty
earth
part from
remain
tears
unremembered
in clear
as
still must
And
regret and
never
came
It
world
it alone,
For
condenadas."
almas
as
;
dos
me
Saudade
Quando
than
olhos
nao
velhas
such
could
his voltas to the
verdes
vedes
minha
vos
in the
veria."
?"
new
popular poetry
What
Filodemo.
;"
as
be
lines
;
CAMOES
Or
Or
"
:
"
:
Verdes
sao
De
de
cor
os
campos
limao."
estrella
Nasce
A
149
manha
se
vem
Or
the
redondilhas
durmaes,
reminiscence
Moza
"
vi
captive, with
"
fermosa
tan
Non
bem."
meu
'"'
of Santillana's
"
alma,
fair
the
to
;
minha
Despertae,
Nao
d'alva,
la frontera":
en
Aquella cativa
Que me tem cativo,
Porque nella vivo,
viva.
Ja nao
quer
que
Eu
vi
nunca
Em
molhos
suaves
Que
mais
formosa.
Nem
no
campo
Nem
no
ceo
Me
OS
flores
estrellas
bellas
parecem
Como
olhos
mens
para
Fosse
rosa
amores."
mens
(She, the fair captive,
Steals
liberty.
my
She, the life of
Suffers
not
me
me,
to
live.
in my
sight
of
the rose,
Beauty
Never
That
so
Seemed
Stars
more
in heaven
Flowers
All in
Unto
sweetly grows.
of the
exquisite.
above,
field.
beauty yield
her
I
love.)
their
Several
the
entertained
had
and
left
4
for India
Portugal
would
with
connect
Athaide
de
the
Castro, whom
de
spirited description of
the
contains
Caterina
Camoes
contains
3
of In^s
death
not
Cantos
before
Canto
in 1553.
and
doubt
No
written
were
he
Portuguese poets
ambition.
Lusiads^
of the
other
Many
same
episode of the love
he
be
to
Horner.^
outshadow
to
3
desire
the
lyricalworks show that
the Portuguese Virgil,if
his
in
passages
early had
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
150
Canto
4
Battle
of
;
the
Aljubarrota (stanzas 30-44) :
*'
Vao,
do
tambem
Muitos
tambem
e
dos
o
trifauce
das
almas
E
porque
mais
A
soberba
Onde
Tem
do
sublim
A
Aqui
profundo,
ao
fome
mundo
deste
passam
e
aqui se amanse
inimigo furibundo,
;
dome
Castelhana
aos
da
pes
fera batalha
a
nome
sem
perpetua
cao
que
derribada
Foi
nobres,
bandeira
e
vil
vulgo
Lusitana.
encruece
se
mortes,
gritos,sangue e cutiladas,
multidao
da gente que
perece
Com
A
Tem
flores da
as
Ja
furor
O
dao
costas
as
Ja
Se
ve,
e
de
O
Cf. the
"
2
The
Andre
word
FalcSio
Podeis
Ihe
os
vencedor,
ao
deixar
nao
ficaram,
que
eclogue Caniatuio par
fazer
O
nome
A
Esmirna,
Lusiadas
de
lan^adas ;
desbaratado
deixando
de
in the
lines
as
vidas, ja fallece
proposito mudado.
seu
Seguem-no
1
as
Rei
o
vae
campo
Contente
e
sobejam
e
Castella
de
Resende
mudadas,
propria cor
que
que
e
a
d'Homero
Latin
e
o
;
temor
valle docemente
urn
:
hora
em
fa9a inveja
(=:Portuguese)
in
vida
d'hora
cresca
Lusitano,
a
poem
s'engrandece."
was,
apparently, coined
in the
year
1531.
by
STUDIES
152
than
purpose
had
of Paulo
and
earHer
of Vasco
narrative
clear
in
was
the
to
the Catual
work.
e
baroes
centre
worked
in
of Calecut
the
the
the
and
;
who
gods
his
of
of Mehnde,
King
Thus
the
the
sense
prophecies of
armas
Por
occidental
mares
nunca
figure
was
purpose
tambem
assinalados
praia lusitana
de antes
navegados
alem
da Taprobana.
ainda
Passaram
E
os
da
Que
"
some
Gama
which
discoveries
:
As
"
those
history
to
the
historyin
prominently
now
da
da Gama
later
so
in
Portugal
The
?
Europe
of
account
an
made
now
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
memorias
as
D'aquellesreis que
A fe e o imperio.
gloriosas
foram
dilatando
."
.
.
{Lus. i. I, 2.)
the
and
(Arms
Who
from
Even
further
fair Lusitania's
than
a
be
it may
heroic poem
for its hero,
a
Land, which
Gerusalemme
said, what
without
provided
Liherata
the title^of the
1
In
six
lines
Calliope, Thalia,
2
A
In
the
poem
of
?
Tasso
often
poem,
eclogue
Mars, Minerva,
itself
the
be
a
.)
.
tedious
whole
nation
enterprise more
de Bouillon
to the
Holy
with
the subject of his
an
this the
^
introduction
of classical
Cantando
are
Os dc Luso, Lusiianos, Gente
gejitelusitana,
as
not
the
called
de Luso,
of
mythology,
a
feminine
Helicon,
occur
Parnassus,
Portuguese
Kings
more
misconstrued
the
.
.
with
to
cloying use
the
.
far.
extended
hero, with
a
Add
of those
could
dealing
poem
the marvellous, the
came,
.
that of Godefroi
than
remote
island
before
ne'er traversed
gloriousmemories
empire and the faith
Who
shore
western
also
And
fame
noble
Ceylon's far
than
Traversing seas
But
sing of
I
men
Pegasus,
Pierides.
Os
Lusiadas, but
Portugueses.
CAMOES
abstract
term,
and
there
is
not
read
the
dull.
Those
What
has
of
and
all the
drove
of
great
it excels
to
portray
of
of
uses
from
Gama's
opinion.
poems
^
Humboldt
the
and
sea,
the
adversity
direct
observation
Whether
voyage.
of
sense
the
von
painter
great
da
is the
which
have
extraordinarily
their
Alexander
the
Vasco
it
1580,
who
those
change
critics
were
Camoes
scenes
found
Ariosto.
a
that
soon
by
poem,
Camoes
indeed
it
read
struck
this
sweet
have
Lusiads
of
versions
Spanish
for wonder
who
Tasso^
of the
one
cause
no
reality^in
called
in
as
153
which
the
is
he
describingthe arrival of the ships with purple banners
flying(ii.y^), or the first land appearing like clouds on
the horizon
(v. 25), or the frightened natives leaping
from
their
canoes
tromba
and
or
a
or
the
"
the
perience
are
needed
2
La
Os
Lusiadas
Letter
by Senhor
"
em
toalhas
no
(ii.no)
;
ventos
os
the
the
vivid
same
''mere
as
"
water
(ii.yy)
{Lus. i.
fantastic
11
knowledge and
are
consoling
and
v.
23
and
actual
89)
being
and
the
that
ex-
storm
the
subject
embellishments.
stanzas, 8,816 lines,about
1,102
As/
realism.
half
the
length of
Liberata.
Gerusalemme
3
has
"
jazem
following description of
The
felt himself
Camoes
of his poem
(v. 18-22),
water
:
enfreia
beneath
different
as
consoled."^
1
is
well,
knew
CamOes
(ii.
26, 27),
murmurando
growing
there
everywhere
"
"
(x. 6) ;
aguas
coral
frogs
the
up
ondas
as
e
silencio
"
As
"
mar
faz ir docemente
E
or
o
like
windless
and
subito
Um
"
sucking
sun
dorme,
vento
"
the
becalmed
sea
O
into the water
from
Braga,
Africa, Esta
says
de Flandres.
:
' '
"
vae.
Lusiads
Gar9ao,
are
not
a
Portuguese
poet quoted
in the
lap of luxury
written
1
\
154
STUDIES
off
the
of
Cape
Good
Simonides, deserves
Adamastor
70-91
be
O
side with
by
the
or
elegy
the
that
in
storm
poeta
Lus.
of
vi.
:
*'
Eis
"
noite
a
Do
"
todo
A
machina
o
Luctando
mar
velas
as
gritospara
o
the
o
;
coalhavam.
ar
whole
ambos
Polos
os
day
wide
Ocean
is
loosed
being
And
The
wild
North
And
draw
the
Till the
and
in
sea
torn
surging
wind
and
loud-voiced
sails swell and
The
rigging whistles
The
sailors
And
all
now
to
dismayed
Vulcan's
swiftlyby
either
Pole
hurricane,
hurled.
strive amain
fell South
tempest
Heaven
loud
from
in
dreadful
in wonder
its
the
beneath
lair,
strain.
despair
raise their cries
shouts
in
lightning-flashes
the
proud.
world
mountains
crack
cloud
fierce and
of the
in
a
many
furled,
grows
shrill,and
with
assombrados."
de
with
dark
in blackness
all the
And
ceo
that the foundations
seems
Are
assoviavam
fabricados
raios por Vulcano
Vibrava
Tonante,
o fero e aspero
suddenly
While
rompendo.
Os
(But lo, the night looms
Are
horrendo
Noto
e
concavas
ruido
co'o
Tremendo
And
convertia.
se
fero
;
marinheiros, ja desesperados,
Com
As
desfazendo
tempestades levantavam,
cordas
Os
"
o
Boreas
o
naos
As
parecia
vinha
se
todo
s' escurece,
dia ;
o
s'embravece.
mundo
tormentas
Sonoras
**
do
serras
Das
foge
largo Oceano
E
Em
nuvens
com
subitamente
ar
Qu'em
It
side
set
37-60)
v.
in
Hope,
to
(Lus.
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
fillthe
the
Thunderer
tremblmg
air.
skies
whirled,
lies.)
CAMOES
When
brief
the
entitled
poem
invocation
dedication
the
to
155
Lusiadas
Os
of
nymphs
begins,with
the
da
King Sebastian, Vasco
the high seas
to be already on
(i.19).
blew :
set, and fair the lightwinds
largo Oceano
Ja
no
As
inquietas ondas
Os
naos
do
And
nunca
Venus
while
de
the
de
mares
cortando
consagradas,
Proteo
cortadas."
sao
sail
Portuguese
Mars
;
mostravam
se
vao
proas
the
navegados
antes
and
as
aguas
gado
inchando
concavas
os
onde
maritimas
Que
were
apartando ;
respiravam
escuma
Cobertos,
As
sails
seen
navegavam,
velas
as
branca
Da
The
a
brandamente
ventos
Das
is
Gama
to
**
and
Tagus
a
sit
gods
being favourable,
through
on
in
Bacchus
seas
council,
bitterly,
treacherously hostile, to the Portuguese ; as is proved
when
arrives at Mozambique.
Gama
After the treachery
of the natives of Momba9a
the Portuguese meet
with
a
friendlyreceptionfrom the King of Melinde
(Canto 2),
relates his voyage
Vasco
da Gama
to whom
(Canto 5)
the
and
history of Portugal (Cantos 3 and 4), from
of
King of Hungary,"^ Ega
Moniz
(the Portuguese Regulus), Affonso
Henriques
of Ourique, to
the
battle
Constable
and
the
Nuno
Alvares
Pereira
and
Aljubarrota (August 14, 1385), and
the reigns of Joao I., Duarte,
Affonso
to
so
on
V.,
Count
Henrique,
Joao II., and
of the
death
(January
1
7,
''son
Manoel.
of
In^s
1355)
Cf."
Nos
Crem
a
Canto
3
(stanzas
saudosos
"
nos
118-135)
campos do Mondego
'
Hungaro
ser
em
o
fazeraos,porem
Lotharingja
tells
os
nado
estranjeiros."
{Lus.
viii.
9).
'*
156 STUDIES
*'
Assim
como
Antes
Sendo
esta
Seccas
do
murchada
branca
viva
e
chorando
O
memoria
eterna
por
As
lagrimas
nome
Ihe
Dos
Vede
de
fonte
em
puzeram,
transf
que
fresca fonte
rega
a
ormaram
;
dura,
alii passaram
as
e
agua
pura
inda
que
Ines
Que lagrimas sao
escura
memoraram,
choradas
amores
que
morte
a
:
vida.'^
doce
co'a
cor
Mondego
Largo tempo
E
capella
na
perdido e a cor
morta
a pallidadonzella,
rosto
as
rosas
e perdida
filhas do
As
trouxe
a
que
bella,
maltratada
traz
Tal
A
"
lascivas
maos
menina
cheiro
que cortada
foi,Candida
e
tempo
das
Da
O
bonina
a
do
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
o
:
flores,
amores."
nome
(Stanzas 134, 135.)
(As in girl's
thoughtless fingerswithered
A fair white flower, culled before its time
lie crushed
To
the
Loses
So
now
The
Has
colour
pale young
maiden
from
roses
the
banished, and
With
The
ebbing
daughters
face
her
a
once
prime.
lieth
cruel
dead,
crime
is gone
livinghue
life that
head,
or
of its
and
scent
the
breast
idly upon
clearlyshone.
there
of
Mondego long with tears
Of her dark death
kept fresh the memory.
And, that remembrance
might outlive the years.
Of tears thus shed a crystalspring supply ;
^
Cf. the
Caterina
de
lines
Athaide
afterthe
Ines
**
of
the
olhos
(who, however, died
episode was
written) :
Perfeita
Qual
formosura
flor que
Murchada
Como
0%
sonnet
esta
nao
morre
em
tenra
onde, referring
in
1556,
and
edade
antecipada foi colhida
da
mao
Amor
da
morte
de
piedade
dura,
?"
no
doubt
therefore
to
ably
prob-
CAMOES
The
they
name
The
clear
How
Waters
the
At
held
da
in small
Magrigo e
by Neptune
and
the
da
heroes
Ulysses
Portuguese
"
and
"
(perhaps
apple
and
Da
parte Oriental
of
one
and
pear
of
and
the
red
lilies,
island
1
Stanzas
eleven
at
the
by
give
42-69
sea,
English
and
"
Court
Joao
the
Magrigo
Pacheco,
de
grow
the
the
Canto
deeds
Affonso
delight
orange
grape,
granate,
pome-
bays, myrtles,
of
land
Portuguese
the
of
honour
roses
Tethys
10
of
the
in
guese
Portu-
d' Albuquerque
(1500-1548)
by land,
uphold
against twelve knights
to
of
this
to
Castro
story of twelve
the
now
"
island
Elms,
subsequent
and
Luso
"
There
In
guese
Portu-
9)
an
shade
white.
the
of
India,
(1453-1515),
them
Azores).
and
tells of
in
for
Portugal.
But
Lisboa
para
banners
narrative,
from
(Canto
visits
of the
century.
mulberry.
cypresses
of
historical
lemon, the cherry and
and
pines, and
the
silken
men
company,
sail for home
prepares
with
brother, tells
set
Venus
the
At
Catual
The
second
of the fifteenth
those
to
storm
a
request.
illustrious
goodly
a
"
in
interrupted
by
Inglaterra'^
is decked
Vasco's
Gama,
6 Vasco
ships arrive safelyat Calecut,
representingthe historyand
This
for a
gives occasion
Paulo
poetry is
that
is
Velloso
disembarks.
Gama
love.)
in Canto
Bacchus'
at
captain'sship, which
and
is
laments
de
Doze
above
name
Portugal,and
7 the
Canto
da
Vasco
os
from
flowers
Melinde, but
his tale of
beginning of
signify;
to
5 Camoes
in
esteem
leaves
brewed
the
it bears,
now
even
it flows, its
of Canto
end
Gama
there
spring
a
in tears
"
it then
gave
of Ines
love
157
;
and
who
went,
of twelve
ladies
knights
England.
Gama
with
146-156)
(stanzas
the
Lisbon,
length reaches
at
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
158 STUDIES
invocation
an
ending
poem
tian.
King Sebas-
to
plain signs of discouragement in the last
Cantos, through illness, shipwreck, and poverty,
thus carried his achievement
triumphantly to
With
three
Camoes
its conclusion.
in
cries
"
'*
stanza
No
145
more,
Destemperada
E
do
nao
Cantar
In
my
And
out
of tune
And
not
from
the
King
"
(To
146,
ver
no
venho
que
endurecida."
e
more,
is hoarse.
voice
my
are
as
still deaf
sing his
to
him
to
who
sings.)
utterlyunknown
one
Para
servir-vos, bra90
Para
cantar-
serve
you,
keen
pedantries
and
melodia
and
naturalness
1
de
the
to
praises,and
own
King,
offers
"
Camoes'
e
voz
a
que
all my
lyre'sstrings.
singing,rather from remorse
humbly
"
as
hands
that
oft in
torn
suave
the
clear
O
prado
Esta
As
Com
as
doces
susurro
e
e
alike
numeroso
His
hrando.
given.)
from
canto
unfailing
transparency^ of his style
flores
suavemente
him
his
suavity in
excessive
Muses
realitysaved
striven,
have
war
the
;
dada."
Musas
mente
of
feito
armas
vos,
sense
and
E.g.,
as
thoughts still to
sing you,
To
a
mas
sing for those
is fain
he
e
Muse,
more,
stanza
lyra tenho
enrouquecida,
gente surda
(No
To
mais
nao
canto,
a
he
more,"
no
:
mais, Musa,
Nao
Muse,
my
"
brancas
e
vermelhas
presentando
solicitas
;
abelhas
agradavel
vao
voando
;
warning
in
away
Wie's
could
But
his
become
to
priestwas
him
after
a
"
reap
grado.
con
de
aranas
that
noche
en
the
en
dia
From
quoted by
"
the
in
of
style he is unexcelled."
3
Cf. Joao de Deus
sin
la
en
sin
moscas."
much
India
since
more
than
Lusiadas
estao
Tres
seculos
Nem
uma
e
he
5500
para
como
los
las
confessed
had
not
leagues.
as
praise of Camoes,
In the pastoral
of Bernardes
:
in
:
Os
Oriental, de
be
must
mallosabana
una
grande
'*
says
tan
provecho,
well,
Camoes
tener
tan
It
Bernardes
Faria, who
de
Ivisboa
estudiando
sailed
of Portu-
grande ingenio
aviso
suit
had
gloria."^
e
Que
!
mar
not
vida
morte
triunfado
aver
by Diogo
sonnet
"
harvest
long
watchword
tan
un
cazar
para
and
the
hospital en
cansan
does
India,
Severim
for
em
fama
sua
ver
que
un
se
telas
description
triumphed
2
y
urdir
It remained
Portuguese language so
altered^; and, secondly, he
has
leguas por
5500
this
the
fixed
cobrirse, despues de
navegado
que
"
lo bi morir
Yo
que
aver
de
lastimosa
mas
have
which
a
Ihe
rico emparo
cosa
was
:
in 1640)
(especially
Que
comfort
to
scarcely a word
"
the
life of misfortune
In the first place,he
became
country, he would
give.
se
Welt
important
to
Hum
1
his
to
foy fortuna escasa
Ihe pode tirar depois da
Mas
Nao
that
how
known
last moments
fame
spiders
lassen
zu
apparently unable
posthumous
like
kleine
gross' und
have
bequest
his
in
received
die
gehen
gefallt."
Camoes
selves
them-
wear
spin webs
to
Ende
Gott
day
^
flies !"
am
es
and
by night
durchstudiert
Um
LITERATURE
efforts
profitless
catch
to
Ihr
"
who
those
to
in order
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
i6o
como
na
hora
!
nada,
lettra unica
apagada
!
'
'
CAMOES
the
"
that
says
of
whiteness
the
testament
the
lyrics
marble,
of
but
Castro,
empire
of
colony
unmentioned
it
lived
fully,
of
history
in
of
flow
the
;
which
from
"
in
marvels
he
that
should
intensify,
His
poetry
must
would
not
1
Camoes,
have
Os
if
live
had
Lusiadas
ate
or
it
Portuguese
some
tranquil
of
ndo
mar
the
with
Thomar
extend,
his
ships
familiar
a
and
local
his
poet,
fame.
He
country.
it otherwise.
e
a
Renascenga
em
Portugal
the
paranif
seen
be
the
have
waters
sense
not
ciate
appre-
with
the
have
with
to
must
Alcobaga,
does
die
a
he
must
and
in
o
"
he
and
scattered
acquainted
green
de
Joao
and
watched
height
the
to
order
colonies;
is thus
this
In
be
live
to
scarcely
have
Belem
are
If Camoes
Batalha.
is
transparent
;
guese
Portu-
embraces
vast
pages.
must
distance
the
Luso
the
her
Cintra's
of
only
from
mansamente
cool
the
and
must
and
the
Tagus,
Lusiads
not
its
reader
Portugal
arriving
the
the
the
there
in
Portugal
Mondego,
and
since
Portugal,
a
Rather,
encouragement
together
on
and
history
binds
gold
Portugal
passport
Lusiads
Portuguese
of
letters
of
and
right
^
Martins
epitaph
the
are
The
of
whole
people."
a
its
prosper.
in
the
are
Camoes
people,
and
written
Lusiads,
of
Oliveira
independence.
and
liberty
guese
i6i
(Lisboa,
1891),
CHAPTER
VI
ALMEIDA-
Poet,
of the
to
Garrett
(1799-1854)
nineteenth
century,
too
be
broad
When
his
Antonio
same
Feliciano
Garrett's
de
to
greatness
and
Germany,
their
of Antonio
Augusta
da
February,
1799,
of the
but
(Ilha Terceira), where
de
It is
da
Leitao,
his true
his
in
Silva
was
162
under
England,
of
style, essentially
born
father, who
of his
his choice
-Garrett,
Garrett
home
the
and
came
Almeida
Leitao
poet
another
one
of
or
Uma
the
Santarem,
his
and
Silva
"
wrote
literatures
was
Sousa,
cahidas.
remained
he
Bernardo
d'Almeida
de
that, although he
treatment,
Portuguese.
Joao Baptista
result
Luiz
of all his works.
said
influence
themes,
son
Alfageme
be
tration.
concen-
(1800-1875) of
Castilho
immediate
France,
Frei
terra,"
nossa
plays, 0
might
the
concentrate,
lyrics,Folhas
da
of
little power
tragedy,
of
volume
chief claims
the
his
inteiramente
pe^a
of
in
as
slender
did
he
Portuguese tendency
a
had
talents
his
dispersed
with
vaguely prolix he
admirable,
He
field,and
a
during the first half
great vivifying influence
waSj
a
literature.
Portuguese
over
diplomatist, politiciao*^
dramatist, critic,orator,
Almeida-
in
GARRETT
was
and
Oporto
at
the
in
held
Anna
a
in
Azores
high post
ALMEIDA-GARRETT
163
in the
Alfandega (Customs)
of a family
tte was
one
The
of
five
of
character
owned
Oporto,
at
four
"
the
property.
and
sons
times
is
Portugal
in
one
brought
vividlybefore us by the anecdote, related in Viagens na
minha
punished by his
terra, that as a small boy he was
father for buying a portraitof Napoleon at an
Oporto
daughter.^
fair.
When
father
French
the
retired
early education
1
took
he
816
w^ent
the
to
Terceira, and
a
in Law
play, Corcunda
poem
0
against
him
in 182
Retrato
for
Garrett's
uncle,
1820.
the
of
had
1819,
182
In
libertyof
and
already
and
lished
pub-
appeared
1
led to
a
Angra.
Coimbra,
He
in
de Venus, which
abusing
of
1.
por Amor,
patrioticoin
Hymno
a
University
his
i8og
was
degree there
his
written
his
of
superintended by his
bishop, subsequently (1812) Bishop
colonial
In
island
the
to
invaded
proceedings
the
The
Press.
been
that he had
to have
seems
principalaccusation
of the world
to Venus,
not
to
assigned the creation
his case
in person
and
was
Jupiter. He defended
acted
acquitted. In August, 182 1, his play Catdo was
In the following year
he married
Luiza
at Lisbon.
Midosi, aged fifteen (November,
Candida
Ga^rrett's.impetuous Liberalism
the
to
authorities.
England,
1
and
Details
but
he
returning in August,
he
of his life
are
to
be
in his
found
in
Theophilo Braga, Garrett e
Theophilo Braga, Garrett e os Dramas
also
the preface in the
translation
Prestage (1909), and, in The
The
Visconde
by Edgar Prestage
Vomatitica
Oxford
de Almeida-Garrett
; and
porUcguesa,
1913,
Fidelino
0
and
and
the
de
left
Romantismo
Frei
Luiz
arrested
and
of
{Porto, 1903),
{Porto,
de
the
pp.
1905).
Sousa,
No.
and
See
by Edgar
13
(191 1),
Portuguese Drama,
Figueiredo, Historia
Chap. I., Garrett,
on
autobiography,
Cambridge Review,
Revival
suspect
Portugal for
was
letters
Romanticos
of
him
rendered
June, 1823,
In
1822).
27-74.
da
Litteratura
IN
i64 STUDIES
PORTUGUESE
his arrival at Lisbon
for the
second
family of
long
a
terra, and
studied
elegiac
1825), and,
He
at
in
ten
as
he
was,
In
Havre.
''
says,
all in
After
love
the
his
to
character"
and
after the
death
with
Inglato
post
a
he
find
in
wrote
a
an
(published
Branca
Dona
amnesty
Joao VI. (June, 1824) Garrett
for permission to return
to
owing
Cambes
cantos,
de
Unable
France
here
He
Doze
os
accepted
lighter theme,
a
romanticism."
refused
e
in the
year
Edgbaston.
near
he
England
to
a
over
Magri^o
London,
house
poem
went
English literature.
in
employment
O
poem,
He
for
lived
Hadley,
composed
commercial
exiled.
and
time, and
Thomas
LITERATURE
in
(1826).
melancholy and
granted by King
(February, 1825)
Portugal, but this was
enterprisingand revolutionary
"
wrote
he
"unquiet spirit." When
returned
of
still kept
Joao VI. (1826) he was
(October, 1826)
policesupervision. He founded
under
the
newspaper
few
months
and
spent
1826
Portuguez, which
O
later.
three
in
months
eventful, for
was
Pedro
in
marry
Dom
favour
himself
Garrett
it
of his
Migoel)
and
the
saw
suspended
was
imprisoned,
was
Limoeiro.
the
The
abdication
daughter Maria
the granting
a
(who
of
the
year
of Dom
w^as
to
famous
Despite the Carta, however, Dom
Migoel was
absolute
For
declared
Garrett
this
King in 1828.^
resulted in a third visit to England, where, living in
he published in quick succession
Adozinda
London,
of his early lyricsentitled A Lyra
(1828), a collection
Carta.
1
So
it
was
sung
:
"
El-rei
Em
O
chegou,
Belem
papel
el-rei
chegou,
desembarcou,
nao
assignou."
ALMEIDA-GARRETT
de
1829), the
(November,
and
of Da
first volume
of
edition
second
daughter,
Maria
na
fight for
to
the
of
rights
his
in
England
soldier
private
a
included
Pedro.
He
some
months
with
his
the
landed
All
strong.
7,500
Magrigo and the
subsequently lost
at
the
0
Magrtgo
in the
that
remain
Educagdo,
O
were
Miguelists
the
by
fragments of
the
that
fact
the
from
Oporto
comprising
the
From
and
entered
of Da
Douro.
ing
collect-
at
helping to
July 8, 1832,
papers,
Amelia, sunk
spent
and
and
volume
second
of the
mouth
hard
Finally,on
Garrett's
and
Azores
Romanceiro
Mindello,
at
of
writers, supporters
in the
for his party.
codes
exiles
his
which
Chasseurs
family,working
for
popular poetry
up
other
and
disembarked
King
draw
regiment of
a
Herculano
January, 1832, joined
in
and
December,
left
Garrett
Gloria, against Miguelist absolutism.
as
(1830),
Catdo
from
Brazil
da
Educa(;do
halanga da Europa (1830).
June, 1831, King Pedro arrived at Cherbourg
Portugal
In
(1829),the
Minimo
Jodo
165
incomplete, although it had attained its
cannot
help feelinggrateful
twenty-second canto, one
the Miguelists,but to a writer even
towards
so
prolific
the loss must
have been discouraging.
Garrett
as
of the Miguelists,Garrett
After the final defeat
was
still
was
poem
charged with
Portugal. In
the
of
general reform
June,
1834,
he
but
Portuguese charge d'affaires^
went
Brussels
to
after many
Portugal
in
1836.^
he
1
end
then
He
had
of
1835,
that
somewhat
been
and
of Rio
wrote
was
de
little,but
summarily
first offered
Janeiro,
these
During
which
the
he
replaced
the
at
post of Minister
refused.
returned
he
of
years
after
as
annoyances
(his salary remaining habituallyunpaid)
to
in
education
revolution
Brussels
at
courageme
dis-
at
the
Copenhagen,
STUDIES
i66
of
and
able
was
ideas, such
of
Inspector
ceasing
the
the
At
Rocio
into
Costa
year
an
In
minha
had
army,
1843
had
it
was
(firstConde
proposed to
the Inquisition
till July,
not
was
and
duel
a
was
the
and
ment
Govern-
of
him
In
having
fought, which
major firinginto
in
resulted
delightfuland
of his most
the
Thomar).
de
accused
visit to Santarem
one
been
finallybegun.
in opposition to
was
Garrett
a
provide a repertoire
in
great difficulty
to
theatre, but
Sob-
(1844),A
Sousa
of 1836 it had
Cabral
both
terra,
order
infantry major
the
in
politics,Garrett
in
de
Luiz
he
a
work
of
insulted
air.
part
Without
1836.^
buildingbelonging to
Garrett
1842
that
active
end
the old
1842, that the
In
was
November,
which
theatre
transform
the
inauguration
appointed General
in
(1841),Frei
founding.
in
He
nacional
Pantheo7t
a
lies)and
now
Marquez (1848),in
for the
of his favourite
some
of
ment,
Govern-
masterpieces,Um A uto de Gil Vicente
(1840), 0 Alfageme
Philippa de Vilhena
Santarem
do
an
of the
ear
his
(1838), Dona
rinha
out
foundation
Theatres
rapidlywrote
de
the
carry
theatre.
take
to
had
his coffin
national
a
to
the
as
(at Belem, where
of
he
(1836)
September
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
sisted
con-
the
Viagens
na
spontaneous
works.^
the
In
curious
same
work, with
1
He
was
also
2
Written
when
n'estas
vezes
ver
uma
nesguita
verdes
uns
entulhos
3
In
instead
do
this
de
de
arvores
Caes
do
noites
Tejo
que
office of Chronista
que
in
the
d'estio
esta
do
Rua
viajo
no
alii vegetam
fim
ate
da
sua
Alecrim
a
rua,
:
minha
e
M6r.
"
me
laboriosa
muitas
Eu
janella
enganar
infancia
para
com
nos
Sodre."
autobiography
of 1799).
an
the ancient
to
living
was
suffocadas
wrote
many
appointed
he
autobiography, a
self-laudatoryepithets,^and
he
year
he
misdates
his
birth
(February
4,
1802,
i68
STUDIES
never
at
took
pains
for him
v7on
great
a
well.
the
his
host
of
His
he
that
was
of
his
In
loved
principal
service
it from
followers
no
his
served
and
Portuguese
to
his
in
revive
to
if not
was,
artificial styleof
the
apparent
attempt
failed,for he had
he
He
who
freed
it also
openness,
friends.
real
eighteenth century
poems.
and
naivete
great poet
a
man,
country
poetry
a
if many
disguise his character,and
to
advantage
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
earlier
own
Portuguese
drama
of the
name,
worthy
also only
against foreign imitations was
the
But
on
his_ influence
temporarily successful.
of Portuguese poetry was
character
permanentT'^^e
the first of the Portuguese romantics, through the
was
his
and
war
influence
combined
the
romantics
French
the
battle between
him
upon
he
"
of
Shakespeare
in
was
schools
romantic
classic and
the
when
France
of
and
was
at
in Portugal did not
influence
height. But his own
school
of
of a new
consist merely in the introduction
than
that.
Already
deeper and saner
poetry. It was
in the preface to Camoes
(February 22, 1825) he writes :
romantic
later (during
neither classic nor
I am
; and
Goethe
his stay at Brussels) hejearnt from
to bridge
hiT'love of simple,
But
the two.
the gulf between
in his own
and
generally
popular poetry worked
case,
its
"
"
subsequent Portuguese literature,towards
in
of
poetry
a
national.^
and
of
art
ballads
^
in
He
fixed
^
influenced
in Dona
and
by
peninsula
our
the
revival
spontaneous
idea," he writes,
in
romances,"
also
was
My
literature
and
and
"
sincere,more
and
natural
more
a
**
in matters
popular
are
Branca
he writes
publication of Gil Vicente's
works
1834.
2
Viagens
na
litterarias da
minka
nossa
terra:
"A
peninsula
sao
minha
xacaras
idea
e
fixa
romances
em
coisas
de
arte
populares."
e
ALMEIDA-GARRETT
of
told
stories
the
by
the
4Iis_own
"oetry
is
unequal.
digression,^which
lends
such
minha
Viagens na
Thus
poetry.
to
in
hundred
a
lareira
of
of
of Camoes
heroicos
Barbaros
Foram
Nesses
Which
chama
enthusiasta
o
philosopho, e
o
mescla
pasmosa
the
the
And
Were
a
of Flores
poem
his
he
best
"
Oh
Que
as
Aope
Da
3
This
Sappho,
which
and
himself
says
longas
this is
noites
feUzes
amigo
saltante
certainly
de
early
Alcseus, Anacreon,
the
an
he
calls
him
lindos
comprido
crebro
lar, ao
death
Horatian
that
hynverno
intertinheis
castanha.
are
introduces
even
scarcelymore
poetical.
in lightnessand grace
contos
estallo
"
de
(preface to Lyrica
(Digressions
contains
but
he
is true
It
illusoes ! oh
avos
do
fructo^
sem
is unexcelled
magas
Nossos
matam-me
calls heroic
of virtues
mixture
rispidobritanno,"
He
times
atrocities.)
1
2
certo
virtudes
de
philosopher barbarous,
philosopher Hobbes.
at
ardente,
ao
que
enthusiast
ardent
wonderful
a
And
But
first canto
tempos
(In those
o
the
atrocidades."
E
*'
artificial
into
:
Que
the
of
Portugal.
and
cut
prose
leads
"
month
the
on
his
mar
June
"
following lines from
in the
but
to
work
prose
not
England
but
*'
in
a
date
reflections
John and the climates
Often, too, his poetry is
divisions, as
the
Branca
tendency
to
terraj could
Dona
lines
The
charm
a
St.
And
of
sound
the
to
chestnuts.^
crackHng
as
169
of
odes
imitation
Jodo Minimo)
me),"
and
"
:
translations
of Ossian,
etc.
As
digressoes
of
Horace,
IN
lyo
STUDIES
and
naturalness.
himself
The
Sentidos and
*'
"
ds tu
Ndo
Mil
cores
Mas
eu
toda
Nao
vejo outra
ai ! sim,
na
eu
oigo a
Nem
sinto
beauty
from
melodia
I
stars
rise,
and
set
shine
flowers
;
no
eyes
:
see
I hear
the
not
in soft wail
that
voice
trill of
and
shade
dense
beechen
green
nightingale,
of
melody
harmony
but
thee,
only thee !)
sound
other
assim
Era
do
not
know
I like them
caliidus.
better
;
da
any
olhar,
esse
ar
;
good
or
mesmo
o
cor
mesma
these
whether
than
tinha
gra^a,
mesma
Corava
Folhas
harmonia
flowers, love, have
between
A
to
:
que affina
densa, umbrosa
;
ramagem
trina
do rouxinol
que
and
may
*'
that
ellas
thine, but only thine !
Sounds
"I
para
voz
a
sera
outra
Divinely frail the
1
olhos
;
majesty
Nature's
But
flores
essas
amor,
in all these
I for stars
Nor
teem
skies I know
divine
estrellas
ti,a ti," etc.
a
Colours
Cinco
Os
belleza
Divina,
Nao
cahidas.
natureza
a
mas
perhaps,
are,
sei,essas
o
ti,a ti.
the
No
Folhas
a
(Fair in
But
in
tenho,
nao
Senao
But
contained
divinaes
Em
Serd,
No
those
:
bellas, bem
Saudosa
In
and
them
Sao
Senao
But
of
famous
he
which
poems,
best
His
preferred,^are
most
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
verses
others
that
are
I have
bad
written."
:
"
I
know
Preface
;
ALMEIDA-GARRETT
visao
Aquella
Quando
Quando
That
hue
same
the
fancy
when
Cascaes, too
is far from
La
in
Bella
"
**
Que
6 tam
Where
same
"
Garrett
e
:
Quando
eu
os
Dramas
seja comparavel."
ou
nos
ella
estrella
vela ?
se
!" etc.
boat
thou
volume
litteratura, moderna
Ihe
the
of the
Que
e
vela
wouldst
Fisherman
Other
bella
ultima
a
pescador
(Fisherman of
it."^
?
nublado
a
modern,
bella
que
ceo
or
gant
extrava-
Destino, Voz
are
com
pescar
pescador
ves
in the
with
cahidas
barca
da
vas
Nao
"
:
Onde
Oh
2
lost.)
was
terra
a
compared
Folhas
Colhe
in the
thought
smothered
be
be
Pescador
No
Cf.
love,
literature,ancient
no
Barca
Oh
1
of
acaba
se
to
in
poems
and
Aroma,
face ;
fair that crossed
my
deserving to
'*
beautiful
;
grace
I dreamed
onde
praise that
there
anything
is
eyes,
very
"
"
"
perdi," etc.'^
in her
vision
all in dreams
When
amor,
me
those
;
mantled
such
Even
My
em
sonhos
de
look, the selfsame
very
The
sonhava
was
vi
eu
que
eu
she
thus
(Even
171
meus
fair
so
fishinggo,
boat
fair ?
so
sonhava
sonhos
Romanticos.
antiga, podera
where.
say
assim
era
a
via,"
Porto,
etc.
1905
encontrar-se
"
:
Em
nenhuma
composi9ao
que
STUDIES
172
thou
See'st
the
How
His
which
It is
I
last star
first
important long
the
Garrett
on
a
first to
in
sail in
beware,
fair !)
so
of
in
1880.
I know
that
published
was
enough
the
(1825),of
Camoes
was
poem
bold
letter
a
Oh
(the Lusiads).
poem
be
air
?
boat
thy
translation
French
poem
clouded
is hidden
furl the
a
am
in the
not
And
a
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
this," writes
do
to
time.
"
It
indeed
was
an
originaland dangerous experiment, and that it was
the lifelike character
wholly unsuccessful
proves
Camoes'
work.
The
poem
SaudadCj and
Canto
Lisbon
the Indies
Jao
from
his
I
tells of the
with
only friend,and
Canto
In
funeral
enters
procession of
entertained
by
He
is
and
tells him
Cintra, whose
"
Alma
O
his
He
(Canto 4).
Soon
he
2
Natercia
a
of the
Lusiads
and
:
meets
cell
his
the
Athayde).
(Caterina de
the Lusiads
enthusiasm
(Canto
e
pequena
portuguez
afterwards
que
the
nao
bem
3),
mesquinha
tal canto."
leaves
of
expedition,and news
is brought to Camoes
Kebir
on
his last words
are
:
Country, we
the
Juntos
the
on
defeat
ill-fated
of Alcacer
his death-bed,
die
"
Patria, ao
at
:
mover
King
Sebastian
King
to
it kindles
African
The
slave
livro."
um
in
at
unico,
sao
monk
to
adventures, paraphrasing the Lusiads
reads
tera
his
purse,
church,
a
invocation
an
empty
haver
Meu
of
arrival of Camoes
thesouros
mens
OS
an
the MS.
"
Todos
with
opens
not
so
that
together
"
menos
morremos."
finest parts of the
poem,
so
far
as
concerns
the
ALMEIDA-GARRETT
execution,
of
of
the
are
Cintra.
Dona
based
in the
ten
(some
cantos
(1848).
It
Portuguese
fashion
in
fazer versos
"
this
In
menteZ
the
subject
of
fighting
It
lines) in the
had
said
"
tboroughly
was
edition
earlier,
in
in
recast
second
and
Portuguese
first
saudades
was
to
write
Portuguese
em
portuguez
portiiguezes
he
The
Algarve.
cantos.
seven
4,000
verses
was
tion
descrip-
solitude, sadness, and
his wish, he
was
the
and
chronicles
in
Moors
"
of
exile," consisted
old
on
and
Portuguese
edition, written
of
elegy on Natercia
Equally Portuguese
Branca,
between
173
e
porUiguez-
successful.
His
sometimes
wearisome,
continuallycharm
longer poems,
native phrase or reference, such as the mention
by some
in Dona
of
Branca
Agoureiras alcachofras,
"
Oraculos
d'amor."
1838,^with
In
de Gil
JJni Auto
found
seriously to attempt
to
Nearly twenty
earlier, in
(1822),
he
a
play
imitated
that
he
wrote
but
had
years
returned
Portuguese
for
Ribeiro
^'
Bernardim
que
The
of
play
our
theatre
1
Written
"
had
his
subject,
thought as a
chose
now
guese
Portu-
a
proved legendary, of
a
lusitanas
musas
c'roa
d'alvas
rosas"
Manoel
Beatriz, daughter of King
to
was
das
obteve
Infanta
for the
for
Cato,
"
Primeiro
"
love, since
the
Catdo
to
Addison's
Rome
He
Portuguese.
subject :
Bernardim
to
gone
Portugal, and
to
preface
the
began
drama.
Portuguese
a
parts from
in
had
Vicente,Garrett
uma
be
"
a
stone
towards
pedra langada
June-July, 1838
;
acted
no
August
the
building
edificiodo
15,
I.
1838.
nosso
174
STUDIES
theatro."
**
had
*'
Gil Vicente," he
said,further, in the preface,
foundation
of
these
foundations
were
Fiftyyears
them.
still be said of the
Garrett
Gil
de
the
last scene,
the
Tagus,
Gil
and
is
Paula
Infanta
one
death
had
built
this may
has
the
not
of
concentration
Garrett's
subsequent plays, and
Bernardim
Ribeiro leaps into
in which
little strained
a
no
sure,
school," but
Portugal,Gil Vicente and
only two
outstanding names.
the
in
national
in
Vicente
attained
interest
a
after Garrett's
drama
remaining
Auto
Um
LITERATURE
laid the
although
upon
PORTUGUESE
IN
;
but
the
of
characters
Vicente, Ribeiro, King Manoel,
and
the
clearlyand skilfullydrawn, and the play
has caught the atmosphere of those
spacious times of
Portugal'sgreatness.
In 1842 appeared 0 Alfageme de Santarem
(sketched
in 1841).
The
in 1839; written
at Bemfica
play is
old Portuguese chronicle, the Coronica do
based on
an
are
purtugall{Lisbon, 1526), and tells of the
Portugal and Spain, culminating in
struggle between
The
the Portuguese victory of Aljubarrota in 1385.
of
Fernao
are
Vaz, armourer
principal characters
Santarem, who
gives the title to the play ; Alda ; the
condestabre
de
Constable
Nun'
Alvares
Paes; his sister,Guiomar
Dias.
interest
The
the cutler enters
"
to
the
which
Pereira; the
;
the
never
with
traitor, Mendo
jovialold priest,Froilao
flags,from the time when
the song
Quem nao deve, nao deve, nao teme
Espadas e lan9as faz o alfageme,"
last chorus
singing of victoryafter
Fernao
has
'*
Vaz
taken
part
the battle in
:
Ja foge o inimigo,de raiva ja treme,
o alfageme."
Que ahi vem
176 STUDIES
Act
IN
II., Scene
Sois
Jorge.
Romeiro.
y.
E
R.
Do
J.
E
R.
Nao
Como
e
.
chamavam
vedes
que
Pois
bem.
Jorge.
Are
sua.
soube
nao
And
P.
From
J.
And
did
P.
No,
I did
quiz
more
dos
alii
se
que
se
e
do
cora"jao
n'aquella
nem
estar
onde
estive
:
de
vossos
paes
;
la.
trazer-vos
terra
a
?
?
.
the
merecia
nao
que
do
Deus,
com
Queria
.
devoutly hope.
I
so,
come
you
eu
Portuguese
you
J.
!
.
:
olhos
os
lembrangas
as
estar
morrer
Deus
None
Pilgrim.
Oh
"
.
Paixao
travavam-me
carne,
com
mim.
por
Sagrada
e
paciencia
com
level
os
tanto
da
deixavam
nao
toda
a
soffri
nao
sempre
padecido
segundo
romeiro.
e
paixoes mundanas,
os
e
que
nem
mysterios
nos
meus
espirito,que
J.
trattos, e
as
.
fome,
?
cumpridos.
annos
levastes,bom
muita
alii tinha
que
la vinte
vida
Padeci
meditar
.
Jesu Christo.
Sanctos-Logares
de
os
Sancta
!
obrou
bem
todos
muitos
e
terra
.
visitei ; morei
OS
n'aquelle
Deus.
em
?
.
visitastes
deram-me
Romeiro.
Jorge,
Magdalena,
"
?
Sancto-Sepulcro
Oxala
LITERATURE
melhores, espero
os
vindes
Magdalena.
rezar,
14.
portuguez
.
R.
PORTUGUESE
.
.
Holy Sepulchre of
visit all the
you
Holy
Places
I lived
visit them.
not
Lord.
our
?
there
during twenty long
years.
A
Magdalena.
suffered
it not
did
always
suffered
so
with
was
been
yours,
!
patience
I bear
it with
much
for
me.
my
;
.
would
not
suffer
not
all His.
the
J.
"
after
mine
themselves
Oh
! I
courage
Well.
God
them
was
eyes
I
...
fixed
flesh
beset
to be
with
God,
to be
my
even
where
had
there
those
heart
and
called
spirit,and
land
I
you
:
there
enacted
who
in that
was
not
to meditate
and
was
of
thought
and
me,
who
to pray
which
Passion
the
Him
upon
sought
the
unworthy
great hunger and
sorely they ill-treated
mysteries of the Sacred
and
worldly passions and
.
good pilgrim.
I underwent
But
the
on
.
it had
I would
P.
life
holy
which
see
is
I had
to die there.
was
pleased
to
bring
you
to
the
land
of your
ALMEIDA-GARRETT
e
for
quando
vontade, ireis
sua
R.
Eu
nao
tenho
y.
No
seio
da
R.
A
familia.
vossa
.
M.
minha
familia.
ha
Sempre
Parentes
Ja
Os
.
fehcidade
M.
.
.
com
minha
a
ella ; haode
tarn
md
jurar que
gente
Necessidade
M.
Nao
faqaisjuizos temerarios, bom
R.
Nao
fago.
; com
y. Ja
M.
o
poder
dar-vos,
hade
marido, que
;
sua
tal
faga
perdoard,
?
!
poder
se
romeiro.
do
todo
o
queria
que
amigos
:
proteger
vos
it is His
will
.
velho,
meu
com
e
.
.
will
you
agasalhado
e
amparo
bom
commigo,
contae
folgar de
when
and
Ih'o
a
infehz.
poder fazer-vos,
eu
fizeram
conto.
esse,
que
Deus
"
parentes, ja sei mais
sois tam
nao
E
fathers
De
"
um
muito.
pode
vil que
.
.
impor-
me
conhecem.
nao
tam
e
.
eu
que
morte,
me
R.
tenho
os
.
com
Havera
.
chegados,
mais
contaram
familia.
tenho
nao
.
.
achar
.
.
.
parentes, amigos
!
.
que
bra(jos de
nos
filhos, padre.
...
tava
socegado
morrer
filhos.
vossos
R.
177
die
quietly among
your
children.
P.
I have
J.
Amid
P.
M.
P.
find
My
children, padre.
no
family
your
family
There
.
.
.
I have
family
no
...
now.
always relations,friends.
are
Relations
Those
!
have
counted
upon
it ;
upon
they
there
M.
Can
P.
Necessity
nearest
will
to
me,
whom
those
death, they have
my
that
swear
they
wicked
not
be
people
has
great
rash
judgments, good pilgrim.
power.
and
do
God
"
vile
I looked
built
know
ness
happi-
me.
for
enough
will
their
to
that
forgive them,
?
if He
can.
M.
Form
P.
I do
of friends
I
J.
Then
M.
And
can
no
not.
I have
for
not
count
have
relations
; on
what
you,
will
my
one
are
you
give
who
Of
"
I
so
him
I know
I
can
more
than
I could
help
and
and
on
wish,
depend.
miserable.
can
upon
do
for you,
for
any
good
old
man,
me,
pleasure
in
protecting you
.
.
.
comfort
my
band,
hus-
Eu
M.
Pois
perdoae,
R.
Nao
ha
Nao, irmao,
M.
verdadeira
perdao
E
Elle
de
"
que.
de
compaixao
tera
Deus.
a
mim.
Tera
R.
.
.
.
y. {cortando
cado
:
dae-lh'
da
padre
paciencia
mensagem
Deixae, deixae,
M.
me-heis
Hoje
R.
hade
Ha
ser.
cabega,
esta
importa
nao
nem
pousei
para
chegar aqui hoje, para
P.
I asked
Have
Forgive
M.
There
P.
dar
vos
aught,
true
no
since
forgivenessof Him,
M.
Yes, brother, assuredly.
P.
He
And
.
brought
a
need
the
.
of
I
:
the
M.
you
this
to
message
patience
from
:
repose
noite,
nem
e
.
.
morrer
you.
to be
sins
will have
Ask
God.
towards
forgiven.
me.
on
mercy
lady
would
with
which
message
I
Let
be
;
it is
no
you
will
give
me
that
you
man,
since
now,
said
you
you
will
.
.
listened
I
came
to
I
Perhaps
.
that
me
so
...
have
might
I
abusing
am
You
?
me
old
I
do
quite
and
am
well,
gotten
for-
changed
was.
.
be
; I have
day,
it her
remind
has
which
on
what
It must
she
forgetting.
.
give
:
old
rest.
was
to-morrow
P.
.
.
.
You
{smiling bitterly).
padre
.
?
Good
J. {breaking ojf the conversation).
P.
dir-
:
will
.
have
fui !
descancjo,
nem
dia
pes
da
que
ouvir
vos
offended
He
todo
recado
surely have
you
bem,
logo, amanhan
those
but
estou
de
do
durmo
meu
senhora
offences
.
.
estes
pararam
then, friend, if I have
me,
are
.
nao
que
descangar.
Fizestes
?
de
re-
um
que
mudado
e
folgo
; eu
dias
nem
for
you
velho
quizerdes
tres
ir
esquecesse
.
quando
recado
vosso
me
.
tarn
de
ouvido
talvez
.
.
trazer
lembrar-me
tem
me
estou
.
.
mister
Quereis
que
vim
que
a
com
esquecendo
ia-me
: eu
havereis
ja,que
o
{sorrindo amargamenie).
abusando
velho, dissestes
conversagdo).Bom
a
dama
esta
a
R.
or
fazem
se
que
faltara
nao
vos
decerto.
nao
as
senao
Elle, que
a
?
offendi, amigo.
vos
se
offensa
vos
LITERATURE
pedi algiima coisa, senhora
ja vos
R.
Pedi-lhe
PORTUGUESE
IN
178 STUDIES
I
I take
matter.
your
pleasure
when
message
you
in
listening to
will
.
.
.
now,
.
to-day.
not
For
laid my
might
arrive
three
head
here
days
to rest
and
I have
nor
not
stayed
give you
my
had
my
sleep
feet
message
nor
night
.
.
.
ALMEIDA-GARRETT
ainda
depois
hoje
a
.
anno
um
pedra
M.
ereis
Era
M.
Sim,
R.
prido,
disse
.
.
estaria
.
.
sobre
juramento
.
?
vivi la vinte
annos
?
antes
de
.
juramento
o
.
.
que
.
Christo
de
Jerusalem
em
dei
faz
jurei
porque
;
libertaram,
me
Sepulchro
vos
mas
Mas
quando
.
captivo
nao
:
.
do
sancta
Pois
R.
.
depois
morresse
que
.
.
179
dei
que
deante
de
foi que,
e
vos
diria
vos
da
um
anno
de
parte
cumme
quem
mandou
.
.
.
M.
{aterrada).E
R.
Um
homem
devi
mente
vontade,
honrado
um
?
homem
a
...
mais.
ninguem
a
...
unica-
quem
Jurei fazer-lhe
a
vim.
e
O
R.
e
"
liberdade
a
Como
M.
foi,
homem
mandou,
vos
quem
chama
se
seu
?
da
o
nem
nome,
gente
sua
nunca
o
disse
a
ninguem
captiveiro.
no
Mas
M.
R.
As
de
ram
n'estas
and
then
oath
the
I
P.
M.
P.
would
Have
was.
I not
.
.
the
oath
I
before
stand
(in dismay).
P.
It
was
a
freedom
M.
P.
that
you
no
who
.
.
I
I
o
swore
swore
an
.
?
there
I lived
sent
else.
one
I
before
to you
say
you,
honourable
twenty
?
years
a
from
him
who
passed,
sent
me
.
whom
alone
I
...
to
swore
I
.
?
man
to
man
had
year
do
his
will,and
owe
came.
?
name
he
that
was
and
And
an
is his
name
swore
you
man,
; to
What
His
told
free,
Sepulchre
Jerusalem
Ninguem
die ; for
me
cahi-
me
.
M.
my
in
captive
set
as
but
Yes,
But
then
you
of Christ's
stone
vezes
faces.
then
they
.
com
cora^ao
estas
I should
when
.
.
no
muitas
que
por
though
to-day
holy
chorar,
correram
even
.
.
ago
year
me
que
die
Were
M.
.
vi
Ihe
que
maos,
upon
.
.
sangue
.
a
vos
palavras, trago-as escriptas
suas
lagrymas
...
dizei
enfim,
told
to
no
in
one
captivity, nor
that
of
his
family.
M.
But
speak then,
P.
His
words
blood
which
I
I
saw
you.
have
him
written
upon
shed, which
my
often
heart
in
fell upon
the
my
tears
of
hands,
.
STUDIES
i8o
consolava
PORTUGUESE
IN
senao
eu
.
Deus
e
.
.
LITERATURE
Vede
!
esqueceriam
me
se
as
palavras.
suas
acabe.
J. Homem,
R.
Aqui
estao
dizei-lhe
.
.
as
vinte
annos
.
tenha
Africa
.
Levaram.
M.
Captivo
.
.
?
.
.
Meu
{espavorida).
down
You
Deus
cheeks.
my
I
then, I would
see,
J.
End
P.
I make
suffered.
an
ahi
era
.
donde
de
!
.
!
.
.
.
.
batalha
da
de
even
are
his
tell her
and
for
alive
or
?
this
had
been
.
.
man
terra
a
I and
God
!
...
that
now
words.
:
her
since
1
God
Magdalena
dearly
been
de
is here
...
unable
leave
to
.
word
O
"
her
has
and
.
he, too, greatly
Dona
to
loved
who
man
for
me,
Go
"
words
a
suffer
:
they brought
captive, twenty years ago."
M.
{in the greatest distress).Heaven
man,
abre
nao
se
comfort
only
his misfortune
send
Que
easilyforget his
.
place
Deus!
meu
his
...
.
.
.
.
man.
end
These
!
was
not
good
now,
"
Vilhena
M.
homem
esse
mim
de
Alcacer-Kebir.
M.
P.
captivo."
.
captivo
.
De
M.
mandar-
nem
.
R.
P.
esta
?
Portuguez
M.
This
e
Sim.
R.
this
"
?
R.
ran
!
levaram-n'o
sido
aqui
.
misericordia
Jesus
.
.
.
sahir
trouxeram
tenha
.
quiz
pode
o
homem.
esse
Ihe
nao
que
Deus
.
de
d'aqui
e
.
bem
muito.
Vilhena,
Magdalena
D.
a
muito
anciedade).
homem
esse
ha
de
homem,
esse
.
.
Ide
:
que
mal
{ita maior
M.
E
homem
seu
suas
novas
palavras
suas
por
.
"
soffreu
tambem
elle
soffrei, que
:
um
que
vivo
Ihe
acabo
Agora
"
this
they brought him,
have
from
mercy
here,
had
.
where
.
.
!
he
.
from
.
a
me
upon
he
was
man,
him
Africa
.
?
Africa.
A
captive
?
Yes.
A
Portuguese
P.
Alcacer-Kebir.
M.
{horrified).My
?
.
God
.
.
a
captive
! my
God
from
the
battle
of
?
.
!
Why
docs
the
.
.
ground
not
i8i
ALMEIDA-GARRETT
debaixo
me
dos
meus
D.
J. Callae-vos,
finita ;
se
para
que
Ihe
ao
romeiro).
assim
cahem
nao
paredes,
estas
que
?
.
.
.
de
leve.
de
repente)
Oh
e
.
logo
por
conio
.
.
sao
idea
uma
{chegando
.
romeiro
homem,
in-
e
nao
.
divina
inspiragao
esse
Deus
estas
.
{Reflede,
bem
Conheceis
creio
nao
eu
de
misericordia
a
:
duvido,
crerem
acudiu
Que
.
.
Magdalena
Eu
esperae.
cousas
nao
:
e
?
R.
Como
J.
Se
mesmo.
ainda
vireis
o
.
.
Como
J.
Procurae
visse
me
se
mim
a
n'estes
trajos
n'outros
fora
que
.
pintado, digamos
"
R.
pode
mim
a
annos
menos
n'um
mesmo
retrattos,
espelho.
dizei-me
e
.
?
conhece-lo-heis
"
com
.
.
d'elles
algum
se
ser.
(sent procurar,
R.
e
apontando logo para
Joao).
D.
de
retratto
o
aquelle.
{com
M.
filha
.
beneath
open
here
me
sudden
P.
Well
J.
Were
years
a
"
3^ou
Search
:
the
.
and
fall
not
of
mercy
bury
this
these
.
inspiration
well, pilgrim
man
is infinite ;
God
beheve
; I cannot
Heaven-sent
to
then
and
.
as
is it not
:
are
some
on
{advancing
.
.
things
.
.
if I
as
among
him, although in different
see
picture, say
J.
walls
.
.
.
to the
?
so
myself.
as
Even
perdi-
estas
.
.
lightly. {He considers,
know
You
P.
Estou
these
do
Why
I still doubt
thought) A
pilgrim).
profundo)
Magdalena
Dona
beheved
be
to
e
?
now
hope,
not
cavo
feet ?
my
y. Silence,
have
torn
{Em
.
filha, minha
filha, minha
grito espantoso).Minha
urn
!
.
"
to
were
see
him
know
would
you
portraits,and
these
?
self in
own
my
dress, in other
tell
glass.
a
be
if it could
me
one
them.
of
P.
Dom
{withoutsearching,
Jodo).
M.
{with
daughter
.
.
awful
an
!
.
.
.
and
.
cry). My
{In deep
.
daughter,
hollow
and
infamous
dishonoured
.
to the
pointing immediately
portrait of
He.
lost
.
.
sepultam ja aqui
nao
E
?
pes
.
.
.
my
tones) I
!
daughter,
am
{With
.
.
.
you
another
my
are
deep
i82
STUDIES
das
.
Oh
.
filha,minha
15.
esid
alpado
7. Romeiro,
{apontando
still
crying
Scene
15.
with
out
O
these
the
and
stands
staffat
{pointingwith
The
de
!
D.
tugal).
de Por-
Joao
chdo, com
no
desce
bragos
os
lentamenie.)
terror-stricken
{She Hees
has
,
followed Magdalena
in the centre
his
are
of
with
the room,
a
?
you
the
portrait of Dom
{Frei Jorge fallsprostrate
one.
tremendo.
e
terrible.
P.
Dona
panno
erect
! who
extended.
prostrado
Pilgrim, who
J. Pilgrim, pilgrim
No
olhos,
os
words.)
and
severe
gritar.)
Magdalenacom
retratto
0
daughter
my
his eyes, and
look
para
tribuna.
da
n'este
tu ?
es
cae
e
aspecto severo
com
(Fret Jorge
Jorge,
"
casa
bordao
0
daughter,
my
{Foge despavorida
! quem
com
esfendidos, deante
O
da
romeiro
Ninguem.
cry)
meio
coragdo)
griio do
outro
Romeiro, queseguia
0
no
(Com
!
.
filha !
Jorge, e
"
LITERATURE
infames
.
.
ScENA
R.
PORTUGUESE
deshonradas
.
minha
e
IN
curtain
ground, his
arms
is
powerfully
Portugal from Spain
Vilhena
de
the
gal).
Portu-
de
slowly.)
descends
Philippa
on
Jodo
(1846)
described
a
episode in the revolt of
in 1640.
her
for the
Dona
two
sons
Philippa arms
is to bring
fighton the night of the conspiracy which
them
victory or death.
Again the play holds the
reader's
porter
of
of
interest
of
position
of
Pombal,
with
the
A
the
during
sustained.
Garrett,
as
a
and
murmuring
victorious
Sobrinha
last
It
rule, had
not
concentration, but
Marquez
the
The
the
de
King Jos6 I., is equally
paradoxically that
appear
and
the time
to write briefly
days
would
people.
Marqiiez, sketching
Minister, the
old
house
in the
Castille, to
Portuguese
do
famous
the
of
the
when
first scene,
Galvao, friend
Rui
master,
last vivas
the
muttering
appears
his
well
from
attention
from
of
time
to
time
he
retired
CHAPTER
THREE
POETS
the
In
flocked
the
from
provinces
the
from
Coimbra,
the
nineteenth
remained
Born
Coimbra
heart
at
a
in
Messines
at
University
in
until 1862, afterwards
he
Miranda
Alemtejo.^
In
Portuguese
but
its
Deus
more
influence,
provincial,a poet of the soil.
his
1830, he took
degree at
^.nd continued
1859,
spending
permanently
came
de
absorbed
five years
Algarve, chieflyat Villanova
and
Sa
poets of his time v^ithstood
other
had
Vicente
Joao de
of Algarve, perhaps
(1830-1896),a native
the
from
degree,
greater
Gil
"
Baixa),
Lisbon
century
a
Lisbon
Ribeiro
Bernardim
to
CENTURY
Portuguese poets
to
(or possibly Beira
even
Ramos
and
NINETEENTH
century
Minho
than
THE
OF
sixteenth
from
talent
VII
in
Coimbra
Alemtejo
Portimao.
de
he
Lisbon
to
at
was
When
thirty-eight
deputy for Silves
(Algarve), but he took little part in politics,and the
of his life were
last twenty years
occupied largely in
out
throughfounding and perfectinga system of education
old.
years
He
returned
was
de
Portugal {Methodo Jodo
studied
profess
not
^
and
He
narrow,
was
born
cobbled
from
translated
be
to
at
Torrao,
streets
on
a
a
little
hill
near
184
nor
Although
Deus).
French
thinker
a
as
Italian, he did
and
deeply learned, but
village of low,
the
he
frontier
white
houses
of Estremadura.
and
POETS
NINETEENTH-CENTURY
THREE
185
throughout his Hfe that he
simply a poet. He showed
of lyricalpoetry and
fund
possessed an inexhaustible
he was
of rhyming.
Whether
an
astonishing facility
cizing
birthday compliment, or critimaking a conventional
book, or threatening to stop the eternal
new
a
the Lisbon
seller of lottery
cry of the maldito cauteleiro,
from
a
fifth-story
tickets, with
an
inkpot thrown
that
he wrote;
still in verse
it was
window,
always
with
His
of
great
naturalness, often
diametricallyopposed to that
that poetry was
Charles
Baudelaire
essentiallynot
something entirelyspontaneous : a poesia
art, but
he evidentlyvalued
What
tern conta
was
e medida}
theory of poetry
was
"
an
ndo
perfect clearness
a
charm.
inimitable
with
and
natural
in verse,
flow
this
and
he
popular poetry of Portugal,which
He
took
for the basis and
inspirationof his own.
of his unpremeditated
and some
improvised continually,
of Shelley's
shows
the fairy lightness and
art
grace
Ode to a Skylark, as of words
flowing from a perennial
he
found
in the
spring,crystallyclear.
rhetoric.
of
If the
all his work
In
of
theme
his
there
is
line
no
is sometimes
verses
is
and
the thought non-existent, there
commonplace
be
the
still an
verse
unfailing freshness, whether
passionate and intense or lightlysatirical. He would
tell younger
critic,but
no
was
poems
poets who
were
gold
that
or
their
sent
time
works
would
tinsel.
The
own
the
simple with
popular cantigas:
^
Joao
de
Deus,
Prosas
directness
coordenadas
and
whether
show
did
to
be
not
seek
direct
simplicity of
por TheophiloBraga.
he
their
value
and
secret
poetry lies in the fact that he
content
belong to any school, but was
his
that
him
to
Lisboa,
of
to
and
the
i8g8.
i86
STUDIES
IN
*'
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
Parece
sol
o
que
Cantae,
Oh
seems
;
nasceu
do
ceo."
see
my
love
the
sun
I
(When
amada
alvorada
cantae
avesinhas
It
minha
vejo a
Quando
rise
doth
;
Sing, sing to the dawn,
Sing, birds in the skies.)
So
in his
firsttwo
longer
of
eight verses
"
:
Nao
brilha
Nem
pode
Brilhar
sua
estrella
deante
Brilha
Da
minha
amante
Da
minha
amada
A
O
verde
campo
A
parece
Menos
Que
sun
The
moon
the
a
suave
a
no
falla !"
heavens
star
her
appear
its
light,
longer bright
she
when
presence
Before
sua
hides
The
Shines
ave
she doth
(When
!
esmorece
da
voz
!
perde
nao
Quanto
Quanto
In
!
madrugada
Quanto
Not
lua
d'ella !
Nenhuma
In
sol
o
a
na
Presenga
"
these
Enlevo, of which
poem
may
is
near
1
above
shine
of my
love,
is mine !
who
are
the
When
my
Dawn
in
there
But
the
A
Vida,
a
trace
and
^'
soon
e
A
vida
e
A
vida
e
ai que
sombra
A
vida
e
nuvem
A
vida
e
sonho
como
A
vida
dia de
o
dura
A
vida
e
folha
A
vida
e
flor
A
vida
e
sopro
A
vida
e
estrella
que
Uma
apoz
vida
"
Da
aza
De
valle
A
vida
o
corrente,
na
suave,
cadente,
vento
a
vento
ave
:
nos
nos
ares,
mares
langou,
outra
em
!
cae
que
vento
penna
de ave
:
vento,
leve que
o
esvae
pensamento,
o
o
o
neve
momento
um
leva-a
Onda
a
se
;
leva
como
vida
que
foge,
voa
tam
A
Nuvem
wrote
soa,
que
que
mais
Victor
hoje,
mal
fumo
leve
Deus
que
desfaz
o
Mais
de
Joao
vida
E
of
the
elegy
Hugo's
without
and
purely lyrical,
into lyricsas
breaks
light
A
se
poems,
readers
that
any
A
is heard
longest
more
It
Voa
sings
voice
and
it is
Que
"
it
some
of rhetoric.
exquisiteas
no
song
finest
but
Villequier,
A
is
!
divinelyrings !)
remind
may
fields
of green
bird
glow
her
Less
his
seen
the
out
And
When
is
187
beauty yields,
the
Fades
of
love
from
And
One
POETS
NINETEENTH-CENTURY
THREE
cahida
ferida
valle
a
"
impellida,
levou."
:
i88
STUDIES
IN
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
(Life
day we live
Life is a wailing cry,
A shadow
fugitive,
A cloud
that floats on
high
Life is but fleetingshow
Fading as fades the snow,
is this
swift
And
Lighter
than
Instant
set
Life is
Borne
Life
:
brief
thought, one
in relief.
fallingleaf
wings of the
a
on
is
is thinned
smoke
as
;
wind
!
flower
by stream
Borne
onward, zephyr light,
Of fallingstar the gleam,
Swifter than bird's swift flight:
As
cloud
As
wave
more
feather
falls from
Of
bird
wing
is the
Deus
on
from
the
On
vale
should
turn
poetic
diction.
Lusiads
Flores
fame
:
do
A
help of
Senhor
is bound
wind.)
poetry is
Wordsworth's
rustic
first
poem
of
work
before
in
1876
In
Folhas
to
1868
on
a
one
obtain
rather
was
soltas
his death, he
Theophilo Braga,
that
like those
sixty stanzas
i860).
modern
excellent
an
in order
speech
{Lisboa),a slight volume
and
the
precept
published
{Coimbra,
chieflyrests,
years
the
His
His
Lata
vale
ground,
Portuguese of
most
common
Campo
1893, three
the
to
artificial,
a
more
of
value
wound
the
to
to
wings of
poets, unfailingly natural.
proof of the
wind-driven,
behind.
wave
ever
in heaven.
As
Life
de
cloud
on
on
With
Joao
a
of the
appeared
which
his
(Porto). In
published, with
complete edition
of
his
^
in
poems
occasional
A
POETS
NINETEENTH-CENTURY
THREE
much
containing
single volume,
a
189
verse.
poet of
Thomaz
a
Antonio
is his
order
different
very
contemporary,
his
(1831-1901). In
RibeiroFerreira
of
Algarve is
airy grace
belonging
replaced by a certain solidityand heaviness
to Beira, his native
province. He belonged, moreover,
the
poetry
to
the
romantic
probably
the
lightness and
poetical
romance,
revolt
Portugal from
D.
awoke
"
da
Europa,
Jardim
De
loiros
De
fontes
Rasgado
Onde
Se
"
de
e
por
num
em
Balsa
virente
Onde
as
Porque
Pobre
E
tantos
Foste
mal
Has-de
Sao
long
round
on
the
tion
publica-
the
:
plantado
;
e
e
d'alem
crueis
as
aguas,
senhora
mar
tens
que
teu
diadema
filhos leaes, e
Deus
?
fragoas
candentes
?
d'outrora
?
loiros que te deram
mal julgada ?
e
paga
cingir o
tens
his first
serpeado,
triste sobre
nas
Por
are
requeimado
festoes jasmins e rosas
:
de eternal magia,
gorgeiam noite e dia.
consomes
saudades
verses
famous
alterosas
erguido
d'aquem
Das
is
poetry
olorosas,
torrentes
miras
te
"
te
aves
1640,
beira-mar
a
arroios
cerro
casam
opens
find himself
to
acacias
e
in
Spain
he
best-known
(1862),woven
Jayme
of which
his
of
which
Portugal^with
A
of
His
little read.
now
stanzas
much
school, and
Magoas
Embora
augusto
e
?
!
;
justo."^
(Garden of Europe, planted by the sea,
With, amid
meandering flow,
springs and streams'
1
Campo
de Flores.
2
These
are
Verses
Lyricas completas.
3 and
6 out
of fifteen.
Lisboa, 1893.
STUDIES
igo
The
scent
And
rush
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
of laurel
acacia-tree,
and
of mountain-torrents
dashed
below,
inextricably
Jessamine and roses
in
hills at random
sun-kissed
thy
High
;
grow
of magic ever
Fountain
freshlyspringing,
still in night- and day-time birds are singing !
Where
Why
the
by
Poor
mourn
of lands
thou
mistress
"
thou
dost
waters
beyond
and
brood,
the
sea,
Dreaming for ever in sad wistful mood
?
Of days that were
Thy victories to thee
What
guerdon brought but woe, misunderstood
And
unrewarded
Yet
shalt thou
Since
similar
to D.
que
his
Parada
at
Tondella,
de
in
degree
advocate
and
of
Vizeu.
in
and
later,and
Braganza,
Public
Works
Both
and
metres,
contain
a
few
of shorter
some
striking
poems
"
realm
in
1882.
pieces for the theatre,
liberal
Historia
da legislagdo
O
Empresttmo de D. MigoeL
(Tondella)
at
Coimbra,
In
1862
he
became
Civil
1890.
He
He
was
All this does
to
deputy for
the
to
ministrat
Ad-
Portugal
of Oporto
in
created
was
not
an
two
and
1878 (ina Regenerador
Interior
also
took
practised as
Governor
in
he
1831,
elected
returned
of Marine
the
in
Secretary
He
of
and
was
became
India.
Minister
in
"
and
1870
ministry). Minister
newspapers.
just!)
wrote
Gonta
1855
of
years
dust.
passant (1867), Vesperas {Porto, 1880), Disson-
politicaltreatises
at
the
long poetical romance,
also,published volumes
portugueza (of 1820),
Born
!
out
is
God
cantos.
different
"
besides
and
sons,
in ten
{Porto,
1890)
ancias
from
crown
is another
Mai
in many
He
Sons
thy
thy
Jayme,
fine poems,
scenes.
raise
loyal are
Delfina do
A
Well, let it be
still ?
the
seem
1881, and
a
editor
of the
peer
of
the life of
of
various
a
poet
;
STUDIES
192
Thomaz
1872
politics the
"
Coimbra
"
aquella
of ten
His
1864.
students, and
Feliciano
and
in
their
the
from
and
Quental
himself
in
school
Ortigao.
of
battle
the
In
same
all these
Antonio
horn
of
influence
Germamsmo
strenuous.
was
in
duel
a
with
a
Arriaga^ and
lectures),which
the
authorities.
and
visited
to
the
suppressed by
He
travelled
in
north.
partly by
neurotic
the
study of German
seemed
during some
himself, closed
own
hand
a
century,
at
says
him
Had
critic and
would
of Assisi.
^
First
2
President
have
to
in
Perhaps
President
of the
of the
He
was
been
in the
a
Portuguese
freeing
by his
tially
essen-
Martins
follower
have
found
Republic.
Republic.
had
thirteenth
Oliveira
might
Provisional
he
died
historian
he
which
he
lived
he
have
partlyby
in
1891.
Conde,
(produced
succeeded
again, and
Delgada
Ponta
(1835-1894), he
Francis
years
in upon
the
do
temperament,
philosophy),from
of action.
man
Villa
at
of
order
Spain,
Returning
deep pessimism, however
His
inherited
an
time
some
up
and
France
of America.
States
others,
(democratic
however,
United
Souetos
drew
were,
Portugal, he lived for
in the
Theophilo Braga,^ he
of Conferencias democraticas
programme
his
appeared
year
Modernas, four years after his first volume,
de Anther 0 {Coimbra, 1861). Later, with, among
de
gosto,
Castilho
Odes
Manoel
in
degree
e
senso
involved
became
his
favour
The
Hegel).
phantastica
letter to
Bom
the
refers in
spiritof
famous
a
entitled
romantic
Ramalho
in
1865,
revolt
(Goethe
restless
most
Castilho
de
voiced
the
took
He
in literature
he
quasi
e
ago.
later
which
to
encantada
years
was
celebrated
Coimbra
"
as
LITERATURE
others
Ribeiro, and
and
he
PORTUGUESE
IN
of
St.
even
THREE
this
NINETEENTH-CENTURY
shrouded
Na
fulva
luz dos
his
famous
indeed
They
swords.
reveal
spirit intense
a
193
radiantly,
":
radioso, amortalhado
gladiosreluzentes."^
sonnets^
written
are
fall
*'
to
swords
Cahira
"
And
wished
peaceful. He
in the gleam of
too
POETS
of
gleaming
as
letra
em
that
as
are
ardente, and
Dante.
of
Many
them
ring like a splendid battle-cry. His work, says
Senhor
rather
a
Theophilo Braga, is
psychological
document
than an esthetic
product."^ In other words,
*'
1
^
the
From
Sonetos
Os
Oliveira
1890,
wdhlte
Sonette
Munstei\
dem
aus
Some
1887.
Anthero
of
Quental's
Prestage.
London
:
[Coimbra,
Anthero
of
Anthero
1861) ; Beatrice
de
(Coimhra,
1894)
von
Quental: Aicsge-
been
and
Quental
1865
; 40
the
pp.)
Modernas
Storck.
translated
into
Englished
late
; Fiat
by
Richard
Dr.
de
Sonetos
are:
Porto,
Wilhelm
{Sixty-fourSonnets.
Nutt,
David
um
de
have
sonnets
J. P.
appendice
por
hespanhol.
e
Portugiesischen verdeutscht
Prestage
v^orks
irom
are
Edgar
The
com
francez, italiano
Mr.
Garnett.
Quental, publicados
de
edifao, augmentada
allemao,
em
comhatem.
outros
translations
German
English by
de
Segunda
traduc9oes
The
Emquanto
completos
Martins.
contendo
Edgar
sonnet
Anthero
{Coimbra,
Lux
{Coimbra, 1865);
annos)
{Porto, 1871) ; Sonetos {Porto,i88i) ; Os Sonetos
(Versos
completos (first edition ; Porto, 1886). In the year after his death
pubappeared Raios de extincta luz. Poesias ineditas (1859-1863)
licadas
de
um
e
escorso
biographico por Theophilo Braga
precedidas
16
1864;
Odes
pp.);
dos
Primaveras
Romanticas
vinte
.
.
.
{Lisboa, 1892).
3
critic
"A
Quental
Notas
pp.
alternating with
{Revista
Ilhistrada.
Contemporaneas (1909)
The
349-404.
conversation,
his
writer
unaffected
a
Anno
there
records
mystic," said
i :
1890).
is a study of
his
charm,
penso
e
com
In
E9a
Anthero
the
em
Anthero
de
escuridade,
muito
era
Queiroz'
de
Quental,
um
"A
of
alguem,
entre
filho
muito
que
simples,
os
Genio
alma
his
"Por
foi dado
me
pensou,
simples
that
de
goodness:
Quental
of
Martins
brilliance
simplicity,charity, and
gratidao que
de
mundo
n'este
conhecer,
peccado e de
querido de Deus, que muito padeceu porque
muito
amou
comprehendeu, e que,
porque
alma
vasta
curtos
em
versos,
pondo a sua
the
remark
the other
On
Santo."
hand,
mim
Oliveira
e
de
13
era
um
Anthero
194
STUDIES
his
poems
In
truth
after
letter addressed
a
Writing
"
:
says
involuntary
Wilhelm
Dr.
to
with
verses
with
;
sparks from
"
the
me
of his
evidence
despair to
and
"
Ja
Ja
depois
socega
descanga
me
the
de
are
is
pessimism
:
coracao."^
o
of
he
lucta,
paz
Verba, another
there
empty
tanta
em
1887
sonnets
of peace
measure
in
fire.
least, that they
from
progress
certain
a
in Solemnia
So
in
always perfectly
at
In
inner
an
Storck
was
advantage,
always perfectlysincere."^
clear
effortless
and
serene
spiritextraordinarilyintense, tortured
a
search
vain
a
almost
the
were
products of
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
the
later
sonnets,
he
:
says
foi
Vivir
nao
Nem
foi de
altura
D'esta
"
vao
em
mais
se
e
isto
desengano
o
Amor
vejo o
a
vida
e
a
:
dor."
(Love from this height I see :
in vain,
If this is life,then life was
not
all its disillusionment
Nor
different
Very
Em
A
incerteza
Nas
foi sempre
rather
^
"
taria ;
than
Fazer
pelo
em
our
Como
For
superiormente elegante
de Quental.
Anthero
foi sempre
menos
Transcendentalismo,
ganhei
em
com
amicos,
1862
of
one
the
:
ba^a
nevoa
nos
quanto
strife.
pain.)
envolve,
cria, em
quanto
cousas
uncertainty of all
versos
Ad
and
proprias redes
suas
sinceros."
2
das
alma
(In vain
The
1860
luctamos.
vao
Nossa
spiritin
between
written
sonnets
"
is the
and
se
embara^a."
like
still,
a
things hems
"
to
seems
mim
isso
volve
reveal
low
us
mist,
in ;
E9a
de
Queiroz
perfeitamente involunfazel-os
perfeitamente
sempre
cousa
POETS
NINETEENTH-CENTURY
THREE
Is chained
This
is the
Musset, he
its
by
was
fetters.)
own
all the
spiritof
haunted
ever
while
But
is of
are
those
as
less grey,
of
Quental's
of
sound
lie
to
seems
"
and
Eu
looks
he
his
a
in
de
coloured
they
execution
Heredia,
had
(for he
horror
a
certain
qui sont de
strength and hope
amarei
a
of
Behind
"
"
poems
purs
sanglots
:
;"
madrugada
santa
although
intense.
more
are
resemble,
light,and
and
Maria
Jose
less
of
those
dusk,
granite,flashing light. In
of sufferinghis sonnets
revelation
picturesque description)and
even
the
and
and
full of
are
pensee
voyant I'infini."
amere
en
Baudelaire, but
more
rather, those
cette
Thomme
bronze
and
thought
Like
sonnets.
poetry is of velvet
Musset's
Quental's
their
frissonner
earlier
by
*'
Qui fait
plans
and
it creates
in all that
soul
Our
195
to
"
Onde
ainda
Onde
uma
se
A
ere
regiao distante
e
se
ainda,
ama
igual brilha
aurora
constante."
(The distant land
faith and
Where
And,
So
love
still in men's
still unchanging, dawn
in Tentanda
Via
Sim
e
^'
! que
he
! passar
Como
quem
apenas
writes
por
n'uma
uma
may
serenely shines.)
:
precise caminhar
Andar
Olhar
hearts
cima
dos
mina
vae
luz
dvante
!
S0IU90S
!
brucos,
de
distante
"
stand,
(Yes !
resolute
to
as
distant
A
gleam,
until the future
"
"
Abrir-se,
His
dream
was
it
whether
**
"
or
No
sonho
belleza
mais
Sonho-me
E
a
;
of
as
vezes
longe, nos
a
noite
the
sobre
as
fulgente
e
brilha."
aguas
Eastern
seas
fragrantnight
full
shines
moon
bright
waters.)
dominant
the
lightis
The
life of this
man
mystic
interna
Nem
sempre
1
A
impression
of action
Ideia.
dos
meu
o
left
by
his work.
spent for the
was
forest of dreams
floresta
Na
Se
"
is lost
rei, nalguma ilha,
do Oriente,
mares
6 balsamica
lua cheia
And
But
"
"
dia
nosso
o
beauty thought
than
is our
day)
myself a king, where
Resplendent gleams, and the
*'
luz, kcz gloriosa,
la aonde
I dream
a
ouro.
phantasia,
a
luz que
far island of the
some
part in
de
infinite space
and
perde
se
:
earthlyparadise :
Onde
Upon
gold
glow)
Futuro."
do
luminous
more
of
go
of tears,
appears
light'sdim
light,radiante
in dreams
Muito
(In
of
da
noite tem
some
'*
for
auroras
onde
por
night
of
watch
of the heavens
was
(There where
And
bent
grandes portas
ever
La
A
mine
its doors
como
immensas
As
so
opens
ever
passing the stream
feet
in dark
one
LITERATURE
still forward,
march
must
we
With
And,
PORTUGUESE
IN
196 STUDIES
:
dia
sonhos
dia
dorido
pensamento."
sonho
e
a
cousa
^
Sonho
vSi."^
^
most
of
dreams
can
epitaph
of
poets
by
Joao
Aqui
jaz
p6
Raio
animado
de
striving
his
lose
never
European
and
striving,
place
the
century.
to
:
"
A
qual
de
morte
a
Restituindo
Am
To
And
now,
which
unto
dust
a
;
earth
almas
but
p6
"
coming
outward
:
celeste,
veste."
as
que
I
I
of
fui
quem
restitue,
o
ray
its
sou
luz
terra
living
death
eu
;
uma
as
a
lieth
(Here
nao
eu
;
before
as
light
divine,
doth
the
dust
a
some
among
honour
does
Deus
not
to
nineteenth
the
197
ineffectual,
not
was
of
but
He
greater
poets
of
inaction,
purpose.
His
life
his
Certainly
life
POETS
NINETEENTH-CENTURY
THREE
soul
restore,
consign.)
both
CHAPTER
MODERN
TWO
the
During
last
VIII
NOVELISTS
half-centurythe
has
novel
attained
prominent place in Spanish literature,in which
fascinates by its regionaland
indigenous character
a
it
very
Castello
time
has
not
awaits
Beira
("
(1825-1890)^
Caballero
prospered
the
to
its
Valera,
Baixa
its
there
its
Emilia
for two
Camillo
same
in
Spain, it
Algarve still
Pardo
Bazan,
Castello
Camillo
been
Portugal,
precisely the
at
extent, and
Minho
In
by
(1796-1877)
same
Pereda.
"j has
reality.
revived
was
Fernan
by
Camillo
o
novel
the
Branco
as
life and
impression of
by its keen
although
and
Branco
will
generations,and
novelist
probablY__long remain, a favourite
among
the
It is easy
understand
to
Portuguese readers.
of his novels,
enthusiasm
provoked by the appearance
in JP.^rtjigi^
for, when
novffl-reFirling
h^_J^^QiLJSLJN.T^^f")
tion
translafor the jnost_paT^_cpjifinedjto_mdi^^
was
s
Castello
father
was
Branco
was
.
in
born
of Traz-os-Montes,
1834 Camillo
in
Avorks
pOndiff"r^"t-F-F^nGh
went
to
Lisbon
and
'
His
first novel
appeared
two
when
live with
Real^apital of Traz-os-Montes,
years
Gaviota.
X98
in
and
after
an
1825, but
left
an
aunt
later with
Fernan
his
orphan
at
a
'^lla
sister
Caballero's
La
STUDIES
200
senti
tragic
is the
most
celebrated
solagdo,is
that
the
not
of iavention
in
the
the
to
The
greater
strained
foreignersand
his pages
throng
Capulets, of
and
"
L'enlevement
poste
en
of
reversals
and
of
tagues
petty Mon-
night
Miguelists,mid-
and
walls
convent
chevaux,
deux
avec
buted
attri-
of strange and
feuds
Liberals
scaffolds,scaled
murders,
of
lack
plumes
figures,
the
galloping steeds,
the
men
their country, noble-
to
disguised as almocreves, masked
and
he
wrongly
sudden
"
His
wished,
that
been
his
book.
He
All kinds
fortune, brazileiros returning rich
swords
the
Portuguese
literature had
Portuguese
fatalities
in
sorrow
inexhaustible.
was
is nforrned
reader
that,~however great
fact
poverty of invention.^
to
the
in
principal characters
cheerful.^
more
he will find
novels
.
.
de Perd^do (1862)^
novelg^^yjjnpr
he himself preferred,Livro de Con-
which
said,to show
-ga-r^indeath
further
no
of his
title is due
sorrow,
vein
of
ending
the novel
LITERATURE
^could
tality^
men
This
and
PORTUGUESE
IN
:
trois,
Quatre, cinq.
L'enlevement
sinistre
lueurs
des
eclairs,
bruit de ferraille,
aux
Avec
appels de pied, combat,
Chapeaux a larges bords, manteaux
1
a
In
letter to
a
edition
second
not
was
commonplace
he
says
electric
with
of
least
until
were
Os
light of
to
modern
many
in under
fifth
the
criticism
lyrical defects
de
and
Lisboa
ten
criminal
a
and
Amor
Of
(1879)
romantic,
ideas
which
de
his
de
de
Amor
while
Consolagdo,
first,of
the
years.
edition
it is
Livro
works,
after
years
Mysterios
necessary
preface
the
of his
ordinary
thirteen
that,
complains
more
Perdifdo,
Perdi^do
"under
the
declamatory
novel
that
reach
the
limit
sentimentalism."
*
e
in
for
novels,
editions
seven
of the
called
he
Ribeiro,
poet Thomaz
the
muraille."
couleur
"
Desaffrontar
nacionaes
pela
sua
a
a
litteratura
desconceituam,
incapacidade
inventiva."
patria de injuriascom
que
desairando-a
como
pobre
estrangeiros
de
romances
TWO
NOVELISTS
MODERN
His
work^ is related rather
oTThe seventeenth
century
his
mterludes
of Do7t
his constant
there
about
his
is
All
scene
the farrier's cottage
Fernan
Caballero's
Morrer
as
and
of his
air of
an
episodes
was
were
naturaL-
truth and
humble
of
scenes
Perdi^do which
de
might
have
out
come
of
contemporaneas,
experiencesand
his
represent
own
for
has
of his short
Many
Scenas
own
generallyhis novels
bourgeois"
fantastic
Relaciones.
por capvichoin
sketches
le
highWhenjiejieavesjthis
part of Amor
that
sentimental
more
writing, especiallyin
life.
novels, and
modern
to
the
most
to this end.
romanticism
ness
the
aim, and
romantics
Spanish
Quixote. "Epater
legitimatemeans
flown
than
resemble
sometimes
stories
the
to
201
of
one
stories,
are
dently
evi-
adventures
;
impetuous,
almost
hystericalemotions, and are thoroughly sincere.
style has been called "the voice of a spirit."^
His
^
word-chisellers
to our
belong,"he wrote,
;
but his style is clear and
fluent {linguagemsan),true
as
Portuguese, and has in fact also been described^
"
I do
not
pure
marble
"
"
"
from
the
national
lary was
extraordinarilyextensive,
nor
subjects had he any leaning
Camillo
Castello
Branco
His_vocabuneither in style
quarry."
may
but
towards
still
be
the
exotic.
read
with
of his styleand on
of his
account
pleasure on account
portrayalof life at Oporto half a century ago, or of life
in some
ruled by
Traz-os-Montes
or
villageof Minho
the priest,
the mayor,
and
the apothecary, with wolves
in winter
from the hills
coming down
some
villagein
"
which
the
1
Fialho
2
"
Nao
more
d'Almeida
perten9o
in the
a
{Scenas contemporaneas.
3
By
Manuel
peasants
prosperous
Pinheiro
escola
Uma
Revista
dos
paixdo
Chagas.
Illustrada
nossos
hem
hid
(1890).
lapidanos
empregada).
their
de
savings
palavras.
"
STUDIES
202
IN
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
the
of
In his choice
flagstonesof their lareira.
and
he
in the purity of his prose
Portuguese themes
admirable
set
an
an
example
example unhappily not
always followed by subsequent Portuguese novelists.
his junior
Totally different in nearly every way was
under
"
by
twenty
some
The
two
in their love
creative, and
scarcely seem
Maria
E9a
(entre
Douro
at
belong
Queiroz was
de
in
in the
his father,a
of
he
1867
travelled
in
the
to
Portuguese Consul
and
in
in
he
1867
Havanna,
buted
contrifirst
1869
he
Later
(in a
The
Portugal.
in
Alemtejo, and
Palestine.
and
at
and
at
stay
lived
de
Gazeta
spent
Egypt
1866
degree
to
came
year
Varzim
his
took
magistrate,then
Rocio). During
Folhetins
half
in that
1866, and
Lisbon, where
He
Jose
de
Povoa
at
1843.
respects
nation.
same
born
in
Minho)
e
the
to
than
rather
of satire,but in other
to
Coimbra
house
in~teing destructive
alike
were
Queiroz (1843-1900).
de
Ega
years,
he
became
Newcastle-on-Tyne,
at
His
first
August, 1900.
after
form
stories (the Folhetins)^
reprinted in volume
Paris, where
his death
died
in
(Prosas Barbaras), had
and
certain
a
various
he
in
of
amount
attracted
ridicule.
character, according
They
the
as
Hugo, Michelet, Heine, Baudelaire,
(in Baudelaire's translation) prevailed.
written
later he
have
erased
contented
in
stories
unusual,
O
at
and
with
The
Boileau.
sinister, the
of
a
Gallows).
Others
He
E.
A.
is said
that
care
"
0
of
Poe
to
would
of these
some
Senhor
Forca
d'uma
are
or
striving after
a
romantic
Milhafre (The Kite),Memorias
a
titles of
indicate
very
whereas
facility,
extreme
emended
themselves
the
with
this time
are
influence
Victor
have
tion
atten-
some
in
the
Diabo,
cences
(Reminis-
simpler mood;
Entre
one,
of
1866), tellingof the death
has
Tolstoian
a
"
A
uivavam
air
lobos,
os
cabellos
e
distance
wolves
shadows
of
the
the
snow,
As
sombras
dos
negras.
Os
das
So
ficou
a
with
whiteness.
night
ramas
neve."
the
And
snow
lost
were
longe
Ao
alem
crows
hair
branco.
de
neve
howled.
His
branches.
but
a
para
lined
snow
13,
in the
woodcutter
a
descia.
desappareceram.
(The
November
Portugal,
noite
a
sumiram-se
corvos
203
:
riscava
neve
de
{Gazeta
Neve
a
NOVELISTS
MODERN
TWO
beyond
Nothing
disappeared.
the
In
fell.
The
the
dark
remained
snow.)
in the
by
of
form
"
preface to
the
in
fact
by
the
various
de
said
with
(1884), wTitten
in
their
"without
It is
style."
or
crime
and
passion
with
Ramalho
authors
the
told
little realism
spectators, with
of observation, but
Cintra,^
de
Noticias, written
documents
or
and
Estrada
Diavio
story of
actors
da
collaboration
in
school
sensational
a
the
edition
second
method,
or
to
It is execrable,"
Ortigao.
plan
letters
Queiroz
de
Ega
Mysterio
0
1870 appeared
In
masked
carrying
and
pistols,with murder
mystery, dagger-thrusts and
portant
In 1874-1875 E^a de Queiroz' first imfatal potions.
novel, 0 Crime do Padre Amaro, was
published
or
power
in
the
in
1876.2
1
0
author
The
devout
priestsand
Mysterio
of
Occidental
Revista
Estrada
da
women,
de
Cintra.
and
Lisbon
it
describes
men
as
hatched
volume
in
murmured
Diario
ao
a
intrigue of
"an
and
Cartas
as
de
Noticias.
Lisboa, 1870.
2
Lisboa.
Fourth
Second
edition,
0
edition, Porto, 1880.
Crime
do
Padre
Amaro.
Third
edition, Porto,
Scenas
Quarta edigaointeiramenterefundida,recomposta
da edi9ao primitiva. Porto, 1891.
e na
ac9ao
e
da
vida
differente
1889.
devota.
na
forma
STUDIES
204
the
of
shadow
The
author's
edition
(Bristol,January
note
is
since
the
former
written
was
1874,
whereas
the
same
applies
to
latter
in
published
was
Alas'
Leopoldo
date.) Nevertheless,
gives the impression of a
later
superimposed
of
Leiria, lying in its
of many
waters
this
from
novel
Padre
Amaro
naturalistic
full of
that
the
the
light."
when
days
would
It
of
Canons
town
its look
wide, fertile plain,with
"
story
Leiria
fear of
appear
had
the
sadly
Sarrazin
in their hearts.^
was
It is of
small
this
imitated
influence
velha
2
In
influence
the
school
is clear.
a
terra
e
em
that
pombal.
fazer
podiam
Leiria
far
as
faziam
coonigos
a
redor
hands
Coimbra.
of
And
carried
the
church
the
comes
off
a
Canon
and
news,
at
the
as
de
sombra
a
christaaos
tello, temendo
igreja
did
and
fazer
and
For
they
wall
Archdeacon's
lugubrious,
huum
that
the
o
muro
of
Castle
the
land
Christians
Tello, fearing
forti6ed
all the
the
soyre
assy
que
overran
to
Dom
a
em
(The
harm
grievous
ordered
se
claustro."
Archdeacon
cloister.)
laconic
e
Sarrazins,
they
Leiria.
aos
religiosos, mandou
da
And
the
Soyre and Pombal.
they might so do to the Canons,
later
murmurada
mal
muyto
arcediago dom
o
in
round
novels
His.
published in Portugalice Monumenta
castello
de leyrea era
dos
sarraziis, e corriam
E
aos
in the
was
O
"
E
caramanchoes
Queiroz, with
de
Breves,
coimbra.
ataa
that
was
written
e
the
of
Never
have
tramada
de
provincia portugueza."
Chronicas
read
the
novel, but
gifts,might
de
Se
torica, we
em
that
Intriga de clerigos e beatas
"
uma
Ega
disastrous, for Ega
more
undoubted
his
^
or
Queiroz
importance whether
naturalistic
French
as
French
and
since
degenerated
do
delightfulold cathedral
the
upon
in
Regenta, also of
La
Crime
0
Mouret,
published in
(The
1875.
and
1871
the
that
de I'Abbe
F ante
of Zola's La
imitation
an
second
to the
1880)
i,
against the criticism
protests, moreover,
novel
^
Portuguese provincialcathedral."
old
an
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
to
be
that
built
foresight,
Moors
had
TWO
MODERN
essentiallyPortuguese
Spanish, instead
It is characteristic
when
Maria
Jose
masterpieces
de
for his
found
the
far
not
from
that,
Portugal
writing his
Portuguese frontier,
de^Pereda (1833-1906)
the
was
novel
next
pletely
com-
Paris
have
and
realism, greater impression of reality,
truer
immensely powerful
His
and
Spain
Queiroz, completely ignoring, probably
ignorant of, his work, should have gone to
in Pereda
he would
Yet
literarymodels.
a
work
of
of
205
novels
tially
essenSpain possesses
imitations.
producing French
mutual
ignorance in literary
as
existing between
matters
Ega
NOVELISTS
being
sordid.
Bazilio}
Primo
0
was
without
It is
a
sordid
story sordidly told, in spite of all its fine irony ; but
it is redeemed
The
its remarkable
by
"
malicious, merciless
Spanish
novel
dominates
Bazilio
are
who
Juliao Zuzarte,
comfort
in
the
prefers
de
Conselheiro,closelyrelated
0
Alves
Jose Joaquim
Mendes
Fradique
the
1
0
Primo
September,
tiira
heat
of
Visconde
Lisbon
to
September,
0
magistral
voca9ao
e
Primo
Bazilio
as
quasi perfeito."
d'artista que
tem
He
a
Lisbon
at
"
to
fool Accacio,
of
talent
immense
Correspondencia
Reynaldo,
1877),
Porto, 1878.
Moniz
portugtiezacontemporanea [Revistade Portugal
describes
skill
who
de
siders
con-
vulgar {Que abjecgdode paiz !).
(Episodio domestico).
Bazilio
1876,
the
;
in A
Pacheco
equal
solemn
the
to
"
provincia0 aterrava) ;
the
Noronha;
a
exaggeration
with
penury
a
in
Jorge, Luiza, and
There
however,
are,
drawn
provinces (Toda
Felicidade
Dona
her
colourless.
characters
that
figure
a
grotesque
Beside
and
vague
a
seem
book.
secondary
many
Juliana,
would
the
sinister, snakelike, envious,
the
Juliana
servant
sketches.
character
Barreto,
surgido
em
E^a
Portugal
in
A
de
desde
perfect
hook"
Queiroz
"a
Garrett."
from
Littera-
Porto, 1889 ; pp.
;
''masterly, almost
considered
(Written
1-40),
livro
maior
STUDIES
2o6
And
have
we
Lisbon
from
those
general atmosphere
the
extyac^do,'^
**
Ou
suas
vivo
ar
azul
;
do
roda,
; em
mais
existencia
regalada,no
Alii
provincia portugueza.
paredes
as
occasional
:
boa
d'uma
pessoas de haixa
relief to
with
upon
devotas
sinos
; os
sol,
ao
repicam
d'oliveiras
campos
nos
faiscam
caiadas
no
almocreve, sacudindo
cochicham
; matronas
chia
estrada
na
brilhando
chalram
nos
a
ao
mosca,
ao
empoeirada
sol
frescos
;
pe
e
batem
da
canas
com
roda
branca
no
dao
que
raparigas varejam a azeituna
pedra miudinha
pateo lageado d'uma
cacarejam,
negro,
order
outra
reaction
*'
the
book, from
convento,
ao
ferradura
carro
different
gradesinhas
as
mulas
escapes
baixos,
sao
com
tando
reader
seria
call
would
Conselheiro
pacato
tectos
azeite
a
entao
convento
OS
of
of the
its natural
portrayed, with
the
street-sellers.
the
of
cries
the
whom
glimpses
the
ox-carts,
life
empty
at
of
rumbling
But
background, with the slow
the
night,the dilatorytipoias,
the
as
of its streets
rumour
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
;
;
a
um
gallos
freiras gordinhas, d'olho
e
corredores."
vent
comfort, in the peacefulcon(Another life,of more
of some
pleasant Portuguese province. There the
walls gleam in the
the whitewashed
roofs are low, and
bells ring
little gratings; the
with
their devout
sun,
out in the clear blue air ; in the surrounding olive-yards,
with
which
oil, girlsare
beating
provide the convent
down
the olives, singing; in the courtyard,paved with
small cobbles, the carrier's mules
are
stamping as they
shake off the flies ; matrons
;
whisper by the store-room
creaks
cart
a
along the white and dusty road; cocks
in the bright sunshine
plump, black-eyed
crow
; and
sisters chatter
in the cool galleries.)
In
1887
book
ordinary
extraReliquia, an
vulgar, repulsive,blasphemous, fan-
published
was
"
A
STUDIES
2o8
is the
There
"
perpetual
C'est
intervals
Marquez, seized
the
lisboetafinomurmuring
the
old
at
with
excessivement
c'est
grave,
the
"
his
"
by
Este
sad
of
shrug
Maia's
and
advice
eloquence
"
Less
a
and
"
character
more
and
"
is the
the
to
ideas
and
progress
littlewax
;
more
''
politiciansis,
the
to
";
to
shoulders,
the
going well."
Affonso
letters,
in
of souls (coveira d' almas.
Less
general,
has
awaiting impression. Lisbon
grave
"
is but
morality." Portugal
more
da
liberalism
citizens
the
author's
the
Less
of
men
;
paiz perdido";
urn
imply that nothing in the world was
concerned, it was
So far as
Portugal was
well.
that nothing went
object to show
"
catholicos
terrores
e
his
grave";
if to
as
with
diplomatist Steinbroken,
inane
servant
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
no
soul,
Lishoa"
"
city translated from the French
He
de Fradique Mendes).
into slang {A Correspondencia
universal
modernisagdo that
protested against the
of Portugal. In order
destroyed the simpler customs
in education, he says, Portugal
backward
to seem
not
is
Lisbon
1867).
a
"
"
the
school-examinations
introduces
into
astronomy,
philology,Egyptology
in
"
all
ranks
Portugal,impatient
models
to
from
of clothes, of laws, of art, of
the
of this.
If it
of vice and
he
de
was
"
;
reduce
but
same
life.
very
of ideas,
models
she
*'
gerates
exag-
cature."
distorts it into cari-
novels
an
and
modern
"
cookery
Queiroz' own
his aim, by
vulgarity,to
unrelieved
them
example
an
are
tion
presenta-
to the
absurd,
realityin his work.
the
from
far removed
realitywas
of his school
by occasionally introducing
only succeeded
Zola
betrayed how
naturalism
abroad
model, disfiguresand
E9a
Portuguese
very
appear
it is the
and
professions of
and
civilized,orders
;
metaphysics,
at
the
cost
of
romantics.
E9a
this, especiallyin
Amaro.
His
Queiroz
de
Maias
Os
the
than
improbable
episodes more
of the
NOVELISTS
MODERN
TWO
209
wildest
tended
and
to
exaggerate
Crime
0
is caricature, a
weakness
imaginings
do
leaning
Padre
towards
of his characters
buffooneryand the burlesque,and some
are
grotesquelyunreal. In order to show the ignorance
Lisbon
to a
us
prevailingin Portugal,he introduces
and
asking if
lady listeningto the Sonata
pathetique,
that melancholy thing was
the player'sown
tion,
composiof Education
and to a high official in the Department
literature.^
a
England possesses
inquiringwhether
Another
defect is his love of the exotic, both in subject
the value
of
in style,v/hich
and
largelycounteracted
into
his service
in
introducing the realistic novel
It
Portugal.
Manueline
;
that
denied
be
cannot
indeed, he had
that
his
art
is often
of
splendour and
I.'s reign.
King Manoel
love
things which characterized
of an
his courtiers the show
Just as King Manoel
gave
elephant fightinga rhinoceros, E9a de Queiroz presents
his readers
with
battle between
a
a
plesiosaurusand
after thus
an
luxuriantlydescribingthe
icthj^osaurus,
of Eden
Garden
{Addo e Eva no Paraizo, in Contos) :
new
**
fundo
Ao
Campinas
vastas
atravez,
fecundos
talvez
de
e
cresce
In
one
of his Cartas
of merchandise
went
de
from
Tennyson, Browning,
forty years.
e
se
Inglatervahe
London
and
to
Swinburne
Lentamente,
verduras
as
alastra
rebrilham
rosado
marmore
1
a
resplandecem
exaggeram)
d'ilhas,ensopando
espraiados remansos
lentilha
nao
abundancia.
semeado
corre
parara
Tradi9oes
as
sombria
e
rio
um
onde
encosta
(se
desordenada
com
of
d'essa
com
wrote
arrozal.
o
rubor
um
onde
in
had
not
four
ja
Rochas
quente.
(1880) that, while
Lisbon
em
a
bale
the
names
days,
Portugal
reached
14
in
bosques
D'entre
sobem
espuma,
serra
Alem
branco.
nimbo
radiante
um
com
como
algodoeiros,brancos
crespa
de
outeiros
cobertos
magnolias, d'um
de
mais
esplendor ainda
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
2IO
de
neve
a
coroa
santidade,
e
uma
escorre,
franjasque
despedagados, em
labaredas.
montes
dardejam mudas
refulgem. Outros
Da
borda
de rigidas escarpas
pendem
perdidamente,
entre
por
finas
flancos
os
Pelas
profundidades,palmeiraes desgrenhados.
luminosa
molleza
das
arrastra
a
lagoas a bruma
sobre
E
rendas.
tudo
como
encerra,
plains (if we
riotous
and
already
sea,
of cotton-trees,
with
radiant
snow
of
crown
mountain-sides
broken
Other
and
blush
marble
splendour. Beyond,
a
fertile
lentil
the
rise hills covered
with
he
and
ricefields
in
a
warm
white
as
river
a
wide
fields, where
waters
back-
perhaps
ripen.
glow
Rocks
of
light.
of
foam
the
dark
a
them
in
vast
the
magnolias, of a still whiter
crowns
a
mountain-range
holiness, and
into
heights glint
stood
traditions) gleam in
the
and
green
grows
woods
which
on
Slowly across
islands, drenching
with
faiscando,
mundo,
luxuriance.
of rose-coloured
From
slope
trust
may
glides,dotted
the
the
do
d'oiro."
aro
um
of
foot
(At the
confins
nos
mar,
o
suas
slender
flame
in
thins
on
the
fringes of light.
silence.
On
the
edge of the steep declivities hang desperately,above
lakes
Over
the
palm-woods.
precipices,dishevelled
the sea
lace of mist.
And
soft,luminous
on
hems
in the whole
the boundary of the world, flashing,
extends
as
a
with
In
0
a
hoop
of
Mandarim
gold.)
(Porto, 1879, 1880, 1889, 1900),
elsewhere, E9a de Queiroz showed
that
he
could
as
bine
com-
sobrietywdth extravagant fancy. His
luxuriant
imagination, his art that evidently rejoices
resembles
in the rich imagery of the East, and
some
heavily ornamented
chapel,with here and there a space
of pure
gold, found scope in descriptionsof Asia and
realism
and
TWO
Palestine
A
(0
Milagre ;'^ Addo
Suave
Reliquia), of Egypt
de
Fradique
(0 Thesoiro
in which
0
the
worked
bronze, shields
the
stories).
In
A
"
Serras
three
later
of
A
national
gives
with
Mendes
de
3
a
far
in his
Queiroz
saner
Ramires^
and
higher
if at
times
with
as
a
the
It
sarcasm.
and
"
of
the inevitable
peasants,
those
towards
politics,
simple and ignorant,
in authority. Gon^alo
fidalgo de Portugal
maior
0
"
of
savour
belonged to his ancestors
Portugal,^in the villageof Santa
of
company
his
friend
lives
"
before
Ireneia,
Tito, that
homen-
brother-in-law, the good-
placid Jose Barroso, and the chemist's
his
Videirinha, with
guitar, interminably
and
The
English version,
:
David
Translated
Edgar
He
his
"
his sister and
excellente,
assistant
Mr.
de
old Torre, which
natured
2
after
appeared
picture of Portuguese life in the
unending gossip infindaveiscavaqueiras
Ramires
zarrdo
{London
exotic
more
thoroughly Portuguese, soft
insolent
Portugal was
chieflyin the
^
these
E9a
Illustre Casa
glimpses
cringingor
in the
that
a
lareira dos campos
and
of
excellent
an
provinces, with
a
embroidery, jars of
with precious stones,"
of
doce, but still flavoured
arroz
(A Perfeigdo,
(1900), A Cidade e as
Correspondencia de Fradique Mendes
towards
little tedious, is
;
de Ramires
tended
art.
Paraizo
no
A
Island
which
ample proofs
manner
form
books
Illustre Casa
exist
"
studded
variegated style
(1901), and^
(igoo)
(O
ivory stools, rolls
Eva
Correspondencia
Mandarim), Spain
Defunto^),Calypso's
''
represent
death
China
211
e
{A Reliquia;
Mendes),
;
NOVELISTS
MODERN
Sweet
Miracle, by
Nutt), is, unfortunately, now
the
title
English, under
into
Prestage {London
denies
Marquis.
The
that
the
King
:
out
Our
Mr.
Edgar
Prestage
of
print.
Lady of the Pillar, by
Constable, 1906).
of
Portugal
has
authority
to
create
him
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
212
of
Maria
Mendonga,
of
House
and
The
looks
his
cousin,
of
Gongalo
veranda,
the
with
overgrown
vines
orchards
and
old tower,
since
the tenth
and
century
of
Beyond, clumps
Ramires.
the
of
solar
Governor
upon
out
the
and
orange-trees
Civil
of
or
than
prouder
even
evenings ; and,
specious
Cavalleiro,
Ramires.
honeysuckle,
the
sleek
district, Andr^
the
soft, scented
in the
singing old ballads
more
rarely,of the
LITERATURE
elms,
stretch away
to
pines,and fields of corn
Sluggish,reedy streams, choked with waterhedges of honeysuckle and blackberry divide
cork-trees, and
the hills.
and
lilies,
the
land; smoke
and
there ; coveys
children
the House
by
taken
of the
ever
written.
with
obstacle
less
Lisbon
at
friends thus
to
sums
up
or
his character
But
ineffectual,and
deputy
;
With
cows.
older
chronicle
of
of the vengeance
account
physical
courage,
first.
at
appears
stubble
is,like 0 Defunto,
Gongalo's ancestors
most
grim and weirdly horrible episodes
Gon9alo is vain, affable,kindly,irresolute,
impulses, but incapable of confronting an
noble
with
the
the
here
of
one
one
farm
isolated
an
partridgesflyup from
long goads, driving the
story is interwoven
of Ramires, and the
modern
the
from
of
with
pass
up
goes
he
go
moral
he
so
develops,becoming
finallyleaves the
farming in Africa.
and
his character
or
;
idle
life of
One
of his
character
the
a
of
Portugal :
"
Aquelle
bondade,
em
Os
fumo,
quando
a
se
Gon9alo,
bondade,
fogachos e
juntamente
fila
a
sua
a
franqueza, a do^ura, a
que
enthusiasmos
muita
ideia.
A
notou
que
o
Snr.
acabam
Padre
logo
muito
aferro
persistencia,
generosidade,o desleixo,
negocios, e sentimentos
trapalhada nos
honra, uns escrupulosquasipueris,nao e verdade
constante
muita
e
de
immensa
a
Sueiro.
todo
de
?
TWO
A
imaginagao
mentira,
attento
todas
bicar, de
na
rua
luzir, e
brago a
o
de
apesar
terrivel
velha
sua
arranque
bem,
?
end
Africa.
a
annos.
Assim
heroe
pegada
aquelle
completo,
elle
quem
tudo
que
raga, aqui
Ate
agora
todo
voces
o
com
?
lembra
me
the
smoke,
frankness, gentleness,and
whole, his
a
as
immense
The
noticed.
in
mil
o
Portugal."
"
(Gon9alo
good nature,
Sueiro
de
desconfianga
encolhe, ate
A
um
da
que
de melancolia,
acobarda,
apparece
mal, sabem
o
Quem
"
ha
Torre
para
com
e
arre-
se
grande
sociabel.
o
que
sanara
que
de
gosto
fundo
Um
mendigo.
palrador, tao
aquella antiguidade
Ate
o
em
constante
esperanga
vaidade,
um
si mesmo,
dia se decide
arrasa.
a
tao
A
simplicidade tao
uma
a
facilidade
a
milagre d'Ourique
A
de
um
que
velho
difficuldades.
as
viveza,
A
apanhar.
comprehender, em
n'algum milagre,no
ate
exaggerar,
espiritopratico,sempre
um
util.
213
a
sempre
tempo
realidade
a
leva
o
que
mesmo
ao
e
NOVELISTS
MODERN
good
nevertheless,
and,
persistencewhen an
negligence,constant
which
enthusiasm
fire and
a
Padre
which
nature
real
of him.
anon
tenacity and
Generosity,
idea takes
hold
confusion
in business, and
strong
a
almost
scruples that are
An
childish.
imagination that is always carrying him
into exaggeration and
falsehood, and at the same
even
attentive
utilitarian
time
to
practical
a
spirit, ever
reality. A natural quickness and readiness in realizing
miracle,
and
understanding.
Perpetual hope of some
of
sentiment
like the
heal
of
miracle
all difficulties.
himself
that
old
wath
honour,
he
out,
will
desire
to
his
A
nature.
and
dismays him,
and
appears
his
ancient
as
a
house
field of
Vanity,
arm
give
melancholy,
essential
sociable
a
the
shine, and
to
in
terrible
until
hero
a
for
fondness
a
a
beggar
spite
of
diffidence
to
An
talkative
and
intimidates
which
day he makes
carrying all before
its old
great
street.
in the
his
will
decking
simplicityso
one
attached
which
Ourique,
up
his mind,
him.
Torre
Even
during
a
STUDIES
214
thousand
Taken
do
enterpriseof
altogether,with the good
all
know
you
his in Africa.
this
Even
years.
thus
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
whom
reminds
he
the
and
of ?
me
bad,
Who
"
?
"
Portugal.)
The
of the first part of A
scene
Paris, the
of
Mecca
rich
Cidade
Portuguese.
is
Serras
as
e
Jacintho,
But
the
determines
of the vast
to visit one
super-civilized,
owned
estates
by his family in Portugal since the days
of King Diniz, although he considers "leaving Europe
"
a
serious
very
Portuguese sky
addresses
"
the
appears,
and
when
and
his
friend
Jacintho
the
sons,"
my
Soon
matter.
democratic
between
Portugal.
The
of
azul
the
the
stationmaster
Ze
Fernandes
he
that
the
in
country
ancestral
to the
up
as
is indeed
descriptionsof
Minho, of the ride
and
Douro
feels
reader
macio
house, the solar^ in
the
house),called
Malva, of the sebastianista peasant,
old
Flor
da
Joao Torrado,
are
"
hills,of
all excellent
Espertos regatinhos fugiam
d'entre
patas
as
saltavam
agodados
direitos
da
faiscavam
quinta (country-
:
rindo
burro
com
cordas
como
de
ribeiros
pedra
em
; e
;
fios
vibravam
prata
barrancos
aos
seixos,
os
; grossos
fragor de pedra
com
alturas
das
do
e
egua
luzidios
e
the
muita
e
fonte,
bica, beneposta a beira de veredas, jorrava por uma
dos
homens
dos
ficamente, a espera
e
gados. Todo
cabe90
um
carvalho
e
seu
era
uma
onde
ceara,
ancestral,solitario,dominava
socalcos
Em
guarda.
Caminhos
scendentes.
fartos prados
mais
vezes
por
com
de
carneiros
estreitos, penetravam
pessa
pavamos
casebres
n'uma
entao
penumbra
alguma
sumidos
entre
senhor
seu
verdejavam laranjaesrelages soltas circundavam
e vaccas
retougando ; ou,
sob
de
como
vasto
um
ramadas
repouso
ruasinha
de
e
de
frescura.
aldeia, dez
figueiras,onde
parra
se
ou
es-
Tredoze
esga9ava,
STUDIES
2i6
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
escaped through the wall and across
lemon-tree, the only light coming
chestnut-wood
of copper
cloth
luggage
"
all very
was
mistake,
a
a
their
and
and
lost
open,
was
rice,the ordinary fare of the farm-servants
the
beneath
the
fountain
among
cherries,and
the
of
was
broad
beans
{a comi-
da
climbing
the
on
house,
meal
came
quinta),a louro fraiigoroasted on the
of the serra.
Immediately
light wine
windows
was
a
garden of vegetables, a
dos mogos
spit,and
where,
every-
glasslesswindows
and
Their
But
"
freshness
and
to
their
the way.)
on
air of the
dinha
vessels
and
the
serra.
a
of
door
upon
unexpected,
been
health
the
the
rough, coarse
Paris.
(Owing
from
was
had
through
from
of
tin forks, the
the
arrival
of
branches
gleaming
fire
different
servants
smell
good
the
iron ;
and
it
"
from
or
the
the
with
cherry-treeladen
side, enveloping a corner
roses,
other
a
of
laranjal. Beyond, pineriverwoods
and
hills and
maize-fields
a
(milheiraes),
In the evening a mist comes
valleyand purple serras.
the valley,there is a whispering of trees, the
up from
of
sound
shepherd singing :
tando."
of
(1895), and
Jacintho
same.
exactly as
mountains
end
uncivilized
la
E
melancolica
Some
Arriba
both
e
"
Marcelo
voz
recall
Pereda's
themes
of both
books
Paris
leaves
and
Madrid
arrives
and
rides
Penas
are
at
can-
the
Tormes
across
the
repelled at first,but
by marrying and
settlinghappily in the
Further
comparison
mountain-country.
to
Tablanco
;
both
are
the
only show
superiority,above
of Pereda; but whether
the
sincerity,
can
pegureiro
scenes
leaves
a
valles, subia
dos
de
of
voice
forlorn
debaixo,
uma
the
the
the
and
waters,
many
desgarrada
or
orangery
all the
greater
imitation
was
direct
a
book
of
he
the
Correspondencia
is not
notas)
Queiroz'
Carlos
0
author
even
was
dying,
finished
correcting
Mendes
(Memorias
proofs.
A
e
had
Serras
as
e
for the future, the
good promise
unfortunately,before
217
Cidade
Eqsi de Queiroz' A
not,
or
NOVELISTS
MODERN
TWO
Estrada
da
further
fought
under
Garibaldi
Mazzini.
love
true
a
of
of
life in
describes
^'fontede
boa
Life
accompanied
have
have
to
sponded
corre-
he
that
bined
com-
of
One
what
them
"
agua,'' the
florido.
inatto
have
to
appreciationof
with
now
quinta the pateo with its
vinejessamine and
roses,
Minho
the
is all
there
hills and
and
streams
pleasantness{deslisa
first crowing of the
incomparavel dogura),from the
the shepherd takes
cocks, when
up
work
begins
com
clear
the
granary,
corn,
flowers, the
with
brimmed
granite threshing-floor and
duskier
golds of the waving
and
Hugo,
civilization.^
olives, the horta
trellis and
is
and
letters show
His
Portugal
a
Victor
expedition,and
conventionally called
is
Baudelaire,
of
work.
already in
ex-pirate,poet,
an
as
to
Abj'ssinia,
in
his Sicilian
with
appeared
friend
the
be
Napier
on
had
de
E9a
finished
most
Cintra
friend
the
to
de
of
some
and
Mendes
Fradique
shown
contains
delightful
musician,
and
novel, but
a
most
Mysterio
Fradiqiie
de
the
staff,and
his
"
segura
e
trabalho
Esse
"
todo
das
feito
alegriase
a
cantar.
a
festa
As
silencio,d'alem,
sacha, onde
alvejam
fino
no
Portugal
em
que
altas
vem
d'entre
os
de
lengos de largas franjasvermelhejam
mais
^
They
as
appeared originallyin
A
Revista
e
trigos
camisas
em
mais
incansavel, porque
sempre
vozes
a
parece
de
desgarradas,
ou
linho
que
do
cru
campo
e
os
papoulas
Portugal (1889-1892).
"
STUDIES
2i8
which
an
with
voices
The
song.
silence, from
field that
is
linen
gleam
redder
than
the
to
"
"
volta
beberar
no
mais
OS
sombra
think
the
da
of
the
shelter
and
fill,
The
Toca
go
flows
of the
name
load
of brushwood
other
The
Contos
sino
o
um
reco-
fila,a
Em
ainda
cruz
a
Ave-Maria.
a
murmurando
for
birds
of
Em
de
nome
o
Nosso
matto,
happy
from
tired
geme
quiet
The
nests.
from
the
sluggishly beneath
more
in
Lord.
all the
groans
posthumous
farms
along
works
the
path
of E9a de
Barbaras
Prosas
oxen
tank
the
where
cross.
is murmured
cart, with
belated
A
they
as
pasture, having fed
the
last drink
one
{Porto, 1902),
brief and
are
their
Angelus rings,and
the
feliz.
azinhaga."
singlefile
water
ninho
de
ha
passaros
retardado, pesado de
carro
notes
in
dos
curto
e
esta
se
of the
return
:
pastos, cangada e farta, e vai
o
gotejar da agua sob
tanque, onde
Um
(The
show
dos
casaes
Senhor.
their
evening
pregui9oso.
todos
pela
at
consciencia
e
boiada
a
unbleached
shirts of
long-fringed kerchiefs
the
and
the
from
or
corn,
poppies)
return
Ihimento
e
white
the
among
where
being hoed,
piar velado
No
pleasures
it is ever
accompanied
cate
loud, breaking the deli-
come
beyond,
of
the surest
in
Portugal seems
untiring holiday,since
(Work
and
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
in
heavy
shadow.)
Queiroz
are
"
(Porto, 1903),
Inglaterra(igo^),Echos de Paris {igo^),Cartas
Familiares
de Paris (1893-1896 ; Porto, 1907),
e Bilhetes
Notas
Contemporaneas {Porto,1909), and Ultimas Paginas
(Porto, 1912).
de
Cartas
In
Contos
work,
realism
O
and
and
Defunto;
we
have
some
of
his
most
characteristic
examples of his peculiar combination
fantasy {Frei Genebro ; 0 Thesoiro ; A
As
Singularidadesde
uma
rapariga lour a;
of
A ia ;
Um
tellingof
poeta lyrico,
in
hotel
London
a
into
Ctdade
A
NOVELISTS
MODERN
TWO
e
the
poet Korriscosso, waiter
Greek
afterwards
Ctvilisagdo,
;
Serras
as
of
that
stories
the
best, breaking off,probably
Gil
Dom
articles
longer ;
about
was
in this
contained
Queiroz
writes
France
was
Lisbon
him
mim
do
torno
that
Portugal
is
French
into
slang."
He
that
only
words
are
of
one
from
home,
havia
a
his
birth
Franca
he
and
;
from
translated
buted
himself, unhappily, contristill further.
like
reads
to
say
he
art
the
college, at
at
the
translated
brazen
suffered
French
of
use
himself
is not
It
goche {gauche), gochemente, bonhomia
as
in his whole
that
to
we
In
that
country
a
style often
his
what
(and
*'
is
Francezismo, E9a de
at
translation
the
carry
"
so
repeats
to
O
defence
own
Paginas
perhaps
unfortunately,when
not
volume,
all around
em
"
in his
Gil
S. Fret
Portugal.
leave
to
expanded
Ultimas
In
etc.).
;
the
are
219
to
such
/), but
carried
be
Every phenomenon
by the prevailing current.
of his
in one
has a reality,writes
Fradique Mendes
letters, but this realityis obscured
by a mist of error,
away
ignorance, prejudice, routine, and
intellects
the
keen
and
powerful
the
through
of
shape
"
a
and
reality." Ega
another
in
as
mist
man
catch
de
the
Fradique Mendes
through ideas
passes
curiosityand attention."
is
homem
um
: he
something more
meitte
that
it is for him
^'figureset
and
colours
chases
he
knows
describes
true
that
facts
the
true
But
que
with
artist
passa infinita-
nothing exists, and
give realityto the motley
a
qui passent,''
realityof new
till he
self,
him-
and
to
unrecognized
are
break
to
line, the
"
curioso"; but
rare
Queiroz, rather, remained,
letter
who
"
:
enough
exact
infinite
is
illusion
presents
array
of
shades
it in his art.
STUDIES
He
describes
commonly
they
are
transformed
Anatole
apparently
without
of
magic
his
here
show
to
in
freeing
have
would
and
that,
modern
writers.
Palacio
Valdes
of
Valdes
of
still
striking
feeling
enduring.
of
it
is, he
y
way
Maria,
and
towards
de
Ega
place
he
than
and
the
work
the
through
works
have
with
character
more
of
greatest
with
the
as
ceeded
suc-
imitations,
rather
appears
powerful
and,
Maias
would
rank
and
would
Queiroz'
among
must
Maximina
fragments
his
his
mate
consum-
atmosphere.
falseness
from
taken
yet
the
lived,
he
himself
As
Marta
had
Os
detail,
in
A
as
style
his
Flaubert,
or
change
there
and
real.
Gustave
any
not
of
crucible
Bazilio
entirely
them,
sees
more
or
omitting
style
Passages
made
Primo
O
the
in
France
of
theme
the
seem
and
he
as
and
appear,
artist,
take
sincerely
things
they
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
220
the
Palacio
the
author
sketches,
sincere
and
IX
CHAPTER
of
poets
Anthero
in
Deus
1896,
the
oldest
the
time
of
of
his
its poets
charm
are
Unamuno,
has
been
the
age
of
to
to-day,
work
although
of
will
none
Deus
nor
study
of
their
poetry amply
lyricism which
the
thirteenth
runs
literature.
some
be
of
proves
century
is
by
no
means
pare
com-
Spain,
but
Miguel
the
de
present
It is worth
these
found
poets
of
exquisite
so
that
through Portuguese
to
chieflyowing
call
passionately ardent
de
so
of
Spanish critic,Don
Portuguese
day
cannot
it is
at
losses,
present
those
to
was
seventy
these
novelists
Its
Joao
as
a
for
the
at
emboldened
the
examine
of
spite
continues
a
but
was
de
Joao
Ribeiro
igoi.
higher level, and
a
that
while
he
originalitywith
or
merits
golden
in
in
yet
its poets.
their
to
;
Francisco
1891,
following year,
poets, and
death
on
the
in
brated
cele-
spirit of
unquiet
its rest
Ribeiro
these
principallyin
for
in
Thomaz
literature
Portuguese
live
found
died
Amorim
de
The
Portugal.
Quental
de
Gomes
century disappeared several
nineteenth
the
With
TO-DAY
OF
POETS
PORTUGUESE
as
the
Quental,
vein
literature
exhausted
of
from
at
the
present day.
The
is
first
place
generally
among
accorded
Portugal'scontemporary
to
Abilio
Guerra
poets
Junqueiro,
STUDIES
222
who
IN
Victor
Portuguese
the
in
born
was
1850.
the
He
He
Hugo.
of
weaknesses
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
has
only
not
of
many
poet, but
great French
the
called
be
may
also
a
his
genius. Too often he has allowed
his genuine gift
political
revolutionaryideas to drown
declaims
He
of lyricism in a yawning pit of rhetoric.
brigand called the Law,"
against the
against the
crass
bourgeoisie,''
against priest and King. At such
times no
word
or
expression is too ugly, too vulgar,to
fraction
of his
"
"
be admitted
coat),
these
tcm
"
similar
and
invasion
by his undiscerning Muse.
Umfrak (a frock(debauched)
biffe(a beefsteak),debochado
of
words
are
the
when
politics. But,
signs of
dreadful
the
least
expected, true
once
again into being, as a flowering
poetry breaks
in a grey February.
almond-tree
Occasionally this is
in a long satire,such as
A
Velhice do Padre
so
even
Eterno, and in the gloomy political
play Patria we have
suddenly a
"
descriptionof Portugal :
noble
claros de milho
Campos
mo9o
e
trigoloiro
fructa d'oiro,
rir,vergeisnoivando
em
Trilos de rouxinoes, revoada
de andorinhas,
Nos vinhedos
ermidinhas," etc.
pombaes, nos montes
Hortas
a
(Bright fields of springing maize and yellow corn,
of golden fruit.
And
happy gardens, orchards
the flightof swallows,
The
song of nightingales,
in the vines, hermitages on
the hills.)
Doves
Especiallyfrequent are
Patrick, for
volume
considered
all
its
these
stern
is in fact the
real
gleams
claim
Morte
excellent
lyrics.
de Doni
of
the
volumes
author
"
A
to
Musa
Jodo, Os Simples contain
"
short
This
denunciations.
great, although other
Ferias, A
of poetry in Finis
be
em
several
IN
STUDIES
224
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
mysterious golden eyelidsclose.
Slowly from out the night
the sky the hues of dawn
Across
now
creep
from pale to rose
And
soon
All their
Blushes
blue
The
heaven's
at
While
The
the
abyss ;
afar
there
gleaming
Still shines
kiss
unfathomable
serene's
;
morning
star.
lark, its sister fair,
through heaven's blue, its song far ringing,
So clear, so high in air,
That
in the sky, it seems,
the morning star is singing.)
Flies
up
The
grim
Finis
PatricB
like the
poet
gardener's bell
Thus
"
bread,
old
the earth
young
And
the
bells toll,toll ; and
the
to
cupboards
enxerga
No
lar extinto
areas
Dobram
Canta
os
nao
velhos
e
:
brazas,
ha
pao.
.
.
.
meninos,
sinos, dobram
os
sinos,
coveiro."
o
descriptionof
the
fome
e
o
frio,a dor
O
vicio
e
o
crime
negra
lot follows
workmen's
A
vida
toll,
"
azas.
faltam
negras
bringing,
are
bells
the
fria tremem
Na
Oh
they
grave-digger is singing
Enterram
"
night
mid-
that
so
Nas
The
at
peasants, with
black
and
mattresses,
and
"
of
work,
same
melons
life of the
Old
And
the
among
the
have
we
fireless hearths,
without
of the
poems
lines
probably no other living
of misery and
poignant a note
so
convey
despair.
introductory
Miserables, and
Les
can
the
in several
recurs
old
in
of
weirdness
.
! oh
.
e
.
a
:
usura,
ignobilsorte
vida dura
!
!
POETS
PORTUGUESE
consola
Deus, quern
A
To
225
desventura
a
?
Morte."
vice and
life thus
Is there
cold
and
(In hunger
And
TO-DAY
OF
crime
black
and
they
their breath.
sadly draw
beyond belief
bring relief ?
hard
and
happiness
no
grief
and
usury
to
Death.)
of the
That
; the
terror
and
surge
fishermen
and
sway
cries
mingle
in the
de tormenta,
Convulso
!
mar
**
Mar
mar
praiastristes
Nas
Com
e
maes
of unrest,
Unquiet sea !
(Sea
of
:
rebenta,
inteiras,
lareiras
ha
noivas
impression almost
of distraught sorrowrhythm of the verses
que
inteiras,noites
Noites
a
resar."
storm-oppressed,
sea
night,night after night,
on
thy shores bereft of light
mothers
and wives
praying ceaselessly.)
after
Night
In
and
sea
angry
gives an
homes
There
are
Eugenio
poetry, unlike that of Guerra
and
from
artificial,far removed
de
Castro's
Junqueiro, is coIH
questions of the present day. His
published in 1884, Cangoes d'Ahril and
since
Morte, and
advent
of
blank
pages
works
is
a
then
tiny volume
than
1
Jesus de Nazareth
Oaristos
(1890),Horas
and
Harlem
(1896),
Sagramor
O
Rei
He
(1885),
that
umbram
Galaor
e
the
to
write
(1887),
outros
(1897), Saudades
{igoo),Depots da Cei/a (1901),Poesias
the
seen
containing more
full catalogue of his
(1891), Sylva, hiterlimio,and
(1895),Salome
has
verses,
began
Per
were
da
Crystallisacoes
year
every
of his
print,so
imposing.^
Tivesias
nearly
first poems
escolhidas
Horas
(prose)
poemas
do
almost
verses
and
Ceo
(1901),0
Tristes
(1888),
Belkiss
(1894),
A
Nereide
de
(1899}, Constanta
melhor
15
retrato
de
226
STUDIES
before
he
PORTUGUESE
IN
could
spell.
LITERATURE
of the
Some
d'Abril
(dated 1882, 1883,
the age
of fifteen (a letter from
preface),and
as
and
rhyme
the lines
**
eis que
sorriso
Eugenio
thrown
to
labios sens,
os
gentilde
de
manso
of the
chief
is the
Castro
His
nephelibatas.'"
verses
passion,but they
cut, chiselled with
their Greek
In
the winds,
at
in
as
often
are
often
are
purity of form
"
the
cloud-treaders
"
vibrating
time
same
Theophile
a
cold
and
Portuguese
sensuous,
at
precisionof
the
[sic],
esbo9o de Wateau
Ihes poisou."^
Decadents, also called in Portugal the
with
written
were
Joao de Deus appeared
these early poems
poetry
in
spellingare
and
1884)
Cmt^oes
"
Nisto
Um
sometimes
and
in
poems
clear
Gautier.
perfectionthey
are
,''De
but, in
narcissos
of
phrase
a
"
que
incendeia
not
surprised
"
de
neve
Salome
the
that
find
we
oiitros
afire.
Eugenio
also
epigrams and
Constanga (Poema) the
ha
"
poemas,
is sometimes
snow
when
e
festao,"
cheiroso
um
neve
We
de
are
Castro
translates
Greek
many
Goethe.
In
heavy hendeca-
syllabiclines,with
tollingof
their
endings, like
monotonous
bell, continually recall those
a
of
poems
of
the
Goethe's
Iphigenie,
"
Jodo
de
Und
auf
Das
Land
and
Deus
A
Anthero
(rondeau)
Romanticas).
do
Sombra
e
outros
Quental
de
with
"
Watteau
steh'
Griechen
der
(1907),A Fonte do Saiyro
0 Filho Prodigo (1910).
1
Ufer
dem
lange Tage
mit
der
Seele
Quadrante (1906),0 Annel
poemas {1908),Poesias de
had
"
ich
in
{A
the
Carlos
sixties
suchend,"
de
Goethe
rhymed
Baudelaire
Polycrates
in
(1909),
"rondo"
Primaveras
POETS
PORTUGUESE
and
at
well
are
suited
Pedro, and
de
Ines
Castro
husband, the Infante
vae
noite
A
fria
e
e
morrer.
consentiu
apenas
de
Que
muito
ha
Ficasse
um
que
servia
a
leito,sob
No
vasto
De
rijatela
onde
Que
ella bordou
Mai
se
a
lealmente,
dias
em
adivinha
vulto
o
lirios
venturosos,
do seu
corpo."
is cold
(The night
Constan9a is dying.
And
camara.
cobertura
fanam
se
No
leave
Only
Had
one
In
the
at
of the
the
bed
vast
long
she
and
and
the
dark.
bidden
take
their
rest.
faithfully
suffered
of the
door
beneath
to
icy
remain
room.
coverlet.
fading lilies by her
during days of happiness,
cloth
heavy
Embroidered
The
alone
her, had
served
waiting
The
who
page,
In
The
thus
her
and
watches,
one
For, feigningto be better, she had
Them
of
of her
outline
form
is
scarcelymarked.)
following is a description,from
Choupal of Coimbra
along the
the
river
same
*'
Entresachada
Azues
Em
aves
de
que
corriam
baixo
o
do
as
Pela
relva
aprilinasflores.
exilio regressavam
ligeirassombras
rio, gemedoramente,
poem,
Mondego
spring :
Das
:
mo90,
pagem
porta da gelada
a
Dom
escura,
a vela
Ninguem
Fingindo-se melhor, pediu a todos
deitassem,
se
a sos,
Que a deixassem
que
E
grief
:
"
Constan9a
227
of ConstanQa's
theme
love of her
the
witnessing
the
to
TO-DAY
OF
;
in
228
sol brilhava,
Ao
Fulgidas
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
STUDIES
como
arrastasse
argentina malha,
de
cotas
se
crystalpuro e marulhante
Saltavam
de quando em
ar
no
quando os peixes,
Faiscantes, vivos como
lingoasd'agoa ;
sobre as laranjeiras
Zumbiam
vespes
do
E
seu
flor ;
petalassoltas
de
Carregadas
Eram
Anciosissimamente
D'onde
altas
Nas
ramas
D'embalador
O
das
som
(Across the
time
From
os
as
arrancara
;
echos
longe
ao
cordeirinhos."
April flowers enamelled,
shadows
lightlysped
with
blue
time
to
verdes
pastoraes unia-se
flautas
grass,
caules
perpassavam
e muito
oceano,
infantil dos
balar
Ao
procurando
inconstante
brisa
a
borboletas
as
returning from their winter exile.
Below, the river flowing plaintively
in gleaming silver,
in the sun,
sheathed
Shone
as
from
its crystalsurface fishes leapt,
And
Glitteringin the air as livingtongues of water.
Of
birds
the
above
hummed
Wasps
flowered
orange-trees.
And
butterflies,stray petals,sought longingly
The
green
Echoes
Came
In the
rhymes.
preface to
its
He
of
Oaristos
modern
themes,
was
dans
Portugal
mon
the
"
to
free the
Franciscan
determined,
verre."
deplored
(1890) Castro
Portuguese poetry,
:
vulgarityfor originality
bois
had
wind
inconstant
and
went
high poplar branches came
and
of murmuring
distantly
seas,
lambs
and
of bleating
sound
shepherds'pipes.)
commonplaces
of
the
them.
torn
In the
whence
stems
"
He
Mon
he
Alexandrine
est
verre
claimed
the
ness
thin-
"
of its
poverty
said,
to
from
the
exchange
petit mais je
to
be
the
the
first in
tyranny
of
POETS
PORTUGUESE
the
alliteration
lantes."
and
that
alliteration had
rimas
"
"
in Oaristos
his lines
de
following tour
force
duce
intro-
to
ruti-
raras
perhaps
were
make
the
recrossed
229
rondeau, and
rhymes
rare
of
Some
happy.
the
French
innovations
His
very
while
the
adapt
to
caesura,
TO-DAY
OF
the
not
wish
reader
Portuguese frontier,
clever
is rather
than
poetical:
Flor,
Delirios,
"
Acorda,
poems
in
poems
of
beginning
"
ceos
Oaristos
Baudelaire,
e.g., the
"
os
Nao
certain
as
in
sonnet
evidently due
are
pe90
mim
para
minhas
vas
Lord, then
"
Sombra
!
Foram
uma
Cultivasse
Celebrando
e
Sonho
o
n'um
tua
Voz
e
em
abril
his
Quadrante
triste
grande
verso
lenta
e
somnolenta,
calmo,
idyllios,
lenta, e
das
flores.
ingenua novi9a,
e
amargo
imitar, n'um
voz,
palmo
fulgores;
pallidainsubmissa,
uma
accentos
um
de
tormento
de
Baudelaire
pure
concilios
Vaticano
nobre
como
are
alados
os
vain.
beira d'agoa,
a
colmado
ceo
and
prayer.)
compozesse
estellar
contigo, 6
Pallida
A
rozaes
irideo
um
Sonho
De
the
baldadas
campestremente
eu,
no
vespas
Sob
among
do
useless
which
branca
onde
:
all my
were
casa
terreno
Das
to
supplicas, Senhor."
lines in Oaristos
Sonho
De
others
A
(Not for myself I ask
are
jardins florentes
azues,
:
Foram
There
ardentes
em
lyrios,"etc.
De
influence
freme
cora9ao
estrellando
Vao-se
Other
meu
delicioso
glorioso,
verso
longos, lentos,
cheia
de
lamentos.
:
STUDIES
230
somnolenta
Voz
Como
white
(Of
6,
que
lamentos
OS
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
the
by
sob
water's
ennervas,
me
que
arroios
dos
house
morena
hervas."
as
1 dream
edge
calm,
plot of land where, rustically
I might my
and idyllswrite,
roses
grow
Singing in April of the wasps' winged councils
And
in their
Held
Beneath
Of
blue
a
thee
I
Pensive
of the
And
imitate
To
as
casts
over
they
in
them
a
rare
words
in the
verses
stand
out
instance, of
"
a
Na
estufa lendo
Uma
das
Com
a
lacera
{Coimbra,
that
in
1895)
the
opium,
so
that
sometimes
huge precious
following lines,for
the
Biarritz
at
seem
in
1889
:
livro de botanica
begonia
uma
tacsonia
uma
frigida,tyranica,"etc.
Nervosamente
Depotsda Ceifa,an
1894 and 1896, and
the
"
afaga
maos
outra
um
opal, and
qu'on afflige,"
cceur
of Castro
written
sonnet
his
key,
un
missal
ancient
some
grass.)
weaves
veil of
of
clumsily, like
little
a
exotic, ever
minor
a
me,
the
beneath
soothing magic
greyly in
laments,
torturest
soft,continuous
a
comme
on
that
one
of streams
fremit
stones
full of
voice
violon
the
to
were
vibrate
Le
'*
thy trailingvoice,
of
Baudelaire, however
it
verses
verse,
slow
plaintivevoice
while
in wondrous
voice, fair
Somnolent
But
I dream
accents
Thy somnolent,
As
bitter-sweet
in verse,
long, slow
The
and
an
torment
light.
pale and cruel,
ingenuous novice,
noble
pale as
with
thrilled
filled and
sky
dream,
and
of flowers
starry Vatican
aftermath
of poems
published
contain
intensityof
some
these
in
1901,
fine
poems
written
between
and
Sagramor
poetry.
the
We
author
feel
has
232
STUDIES
the
eyes
eyes
of
IN
ashen-grey,and
gipsies. The flowers
than
has
blown
are
flowers
LITERATURE
are
hue, the second
third
PORTUGUESE
scarlet
their flowers
Sagramor
the
fourth
of
the
first
flowers
;
flowers
of
gold,
And
all of
them
silver.
are
of
the
of
strives,in love
knowledge, faith,love
of the
fourth
the
the
fairer
hands
love.)
and
stars
as
of
rose
are
flowers
from
scatteringstars,
go
black,
gold, in travels,fame,
and
of Nature,
to
his enemy
escape
Ennui, but
"
"
Tedio
O
cobre
todas
cousas."
as
Nem
uma
sensa^ao
sequer
Julgo ter visto tudo o que
The
phantoms
Baudelaire,
opinion
Tedio
and
that
vanity
offers of many
Vamos
(Ask thou
Wouldst
Nao
for
thou
answer,
Sagramor. I know
made
hard
no
vanity, and
poem
with
ends
the
that
the
:
raros,
doces
prazeres,
rei ?
ser
ser
pleasures the
be king or a
tell
all his
trial of two
manual
the
in
estrella,queres
responde, dize, o que queres.
sei."
sei,nao
(Silence and darkness.)
Come,
Curiously, in
; and
Caligula,
him
confirm
of vanities, all is
mais
OS
Queres
Sagramor.
others,
evaded
voices
Pede
vejo."
Sardanapalus, Solomon,
many
be
cannot
*'
of
!
nova
us,
in the
star
for what
not, know
attempts
then
sky
thou
a
return
?
pinest.
not, I.)
to
cheat
the
simple expedients :
very
labour, or
rarest, divinest,
to
his
hours
a
he
spell of
original shepherd's
state.
A
Portuguese poet perhaps not very widely known,
certainly at least out of Portugal, is Teixeira
de
POETS
PORTUGUESE
Pascoaes.-^
of
times
being
of Earth
and
he
will
that
has
He
found
be
be
should
who
them
with
the
of
chief
probably
read
In
his
delight.
themes
Diniz
King
of
Barnes,
of
gems
; those
worth
of Words-
poetry
Imitatio
and
the
and
and
return
since
is
death,
and
sorrow
to
he
saudade
poetry
the
time
:
O
"
irmao
E
their works
Pascoaes
and
at
his poetry
that
de
sadness
Portuguese
strain
not
poems
love
metres
a-glitterwith
the
his
and
hence
poetry, the
Portuguese, singing of
very
does
of poets
demand
William
Fioretti, will
He
fear
the
by
rhymes
life is poetry, and
appreciate true
and
haunted
in
or
polished marble
of reading Teixeira
beware
can
it.
in modern
feel the poetry
to
being
express
233
distinction
deficient
who
of
TO-DAY
is content
without
Heaven
living. Those
should
immense
poet who
a
clever to
sufficiently
originality
; for him
is
the
OF
da
Dor,
e
Morte
a
Amor
irma
e
Vida."
da
(For Love
Is brother
In
the
of Sorrow,
Death
and
perfection of form
in
to
which
Life
is
this
sadness
sister.)
at
times, albeit rarely,finds expression he recalls Leopardi
quiet love of Nature
Spanish poet Gabriel
in his
the
y
Galan.
He
valley of
in the
Traz-os-Montes,
of animals
and
the
he
;
resembles
lives in
remote
far from
Tamega,
cities and
''
Entre
1
VJ3.S
Para
Noite
Joaquim
Pereira
as
turbas
Teixeira
Sempre (1897), followed
a
Luz
(1904),
(1909), Mardnos
vida
Essa
Vida
de
cega
vivida
e
maldi^ao
na
de Vasconcellos.
by
Etherea
Terra
cidade
His
;"
first book
prohibida (1899),J^^suse
(1906),
(1911),Regresso
ao
As
Somhras
Paraiso
(1907),
(1912).
A
of poems
Pan
(1903),
Senhora
da
234
and
STUDIES
the
IN
mountain
woven
charm
quiet
of streams
has
spaces
a
his
He
has
till each
shadows
and
misty
and
soul.
idylliode sombras, muito
Um
distantes
Nas
of
distant
In
love is
"
of shadows
afar
there
forests),
radiant
no
Amor
al^m,
"
florestas
(An idyllmade
even
into
entered
woods
becomes
'*
and
and
of mists
magic web
his poems
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
apparition,but
tudo
que
annuviando."
vae
(Love that in mist all things o'ershadoweth.)
His
spiritbecomes
own
"
Sombras
E
vejo
que
tudo
em
in
shadow
a
a
of shadows
world
mim
em
existe."
quanto
(Sempre.)
His
of
philosophy is vaguely pantheistic.
is in
Heaven
one
and
is
Por
"
is in
God
one
as
so,
too, is the
everything, and
thing
every-
ver-te,
quero
aves
e
montanhas
As
and
Kingdom
everything :
isso, se
Olho
of man,
heart
of Earth.
Kingdom
is
the
The
as
e
estrellas,
rochedos,
os
Cora9ao."
(To
see
Upon
Upon
heart I look
my
the birds and stars,
the hills and
rocks.)
{As Sombras.)
In
and
spiritman
transform
can
a
stay the
stone
into
sun
a
and
stars
sentient
in their courses,
thing :
:
POETS
PORTUGUESE
Sim,
'*
vida
a
fez parar
sonho
Ante
o
O
The
very
Can
stay the
"
Tudo
not
sun
the
Before
mountain
in heaven,
and
of
A
darkness.)
to
the
nor
subindo
vae
fonte
the
from
valley
is
river
The
in
Para
Da
nos
n'ella
luz
viva
De
pragmatism
O
nosso
E
so
Deus
homem
Cada
E
Deus
Que
minhas
nas
o
e
e
a
sol por
orvalho
se
um
eterna
instante
resume
radiante
spiritof
exist in the
creature
creatura
posso
mundo
e
;
crer.
d'elle
eleva
aos
perfeita,a sua face
expressao
Infinito.
Eterna
e projectada no
Sua
man,
:
de ternura
flor que
inspira,perfuma
the
sete-cores."
em
obras
;
consagrada,
um
o
nossa
e
sea.)
moment
hora
is man's
God
is
now
eternidade.
imagem
Earth
and
Heaven
a
acesa
is hill,
:
contem
viva
e
dew
n'uma
gotta de
and
mar."
e
now
Heaven-sent
vezes,
forma
mesma
N'uma
E
se
serra,
enfim,
e,
on,
one
drop of
a
As
"
and
in
e
climbs, and
and
on
embraced
is reflected
enfim,
e,
chorando
vae
spring flows
Eternityis
*'
lightdivine
the
6 Natureza."
sea,
(A valleyclimbs
in this
gesture
is turned
men
sombra,
e
master
can
or
the
valle
Um
Uma
Thus
anoitece."
homens
single word
dream
luz divina
a
.
:
"
sun
E
.
.
dos
palavra
uma
!
ceo
sun
from
divided
no
a
;
milagre
e
gesto,
um
;
force
livingspirit's
for the
(Yes,
235
espiritodomina
do
proprio sol
O
TO-DAY
OF
;
nasce,
astros
;
and
236 STUDIES
Ama
A
(Our
In
o
IN
PORTUGUESE
teu
Deus
is
God
be
Can
eternal
creature,
I believe
can
ti
em
from
that
alone
and
each
:
man
God
of tenderness, and
world
a
adora
e,
concebeste."
que
own
works
own
my
our
isto
;
ideal
creatura
LITERATURE
it
springs.
guides it to the stars
sweetens,
Upholds
Its perfectedexpression,undying form
Projected thence into infinity.
in thee
then thy God, that is,adore
Love
and thy ideals.)
The
of thy dreams
creature
Is the
flower
and
and
chief defect of Teixeira
The
tendency
distinction
no
Heaven,
it of
long
to
a
in
poem
likened
to
to
lifting
of four
poem
a
De
(High
neve
**
teristic
It is charac-
shape.
lines.
fifty-six
altas
de silencio
mountain-ranges
with
and
e
and
sonnets,
Mardnos
a
regions of
"
sees
(Uma
shadowland,
reveal fair
which
Sombras
eighteen cantos,
grey
constant
poetry, depriving
his
definite
and
a
flesh, Earth
and
affected
in^s
sonnet
a
philosophy
stone
have
divisions
that
extends
between
to
seems
sharp
The
diffuseness.
to
is
de Pascoaes
serras
Avee
0
Poeta)
(igii), may
mountain
noble
;
His
be
mist, often
verse,
coroadas
"
crowned
with
silence
and
snow),
longes do ceo indefinivel,
Onde
em
os
segredo e sombra
Os
(Vague
distances
shadow
stars
of
are
sky,
where
astros
in
"
nascem
secret
and
in
born),
into exquisitesingle lines, now
crystallizing
limpidly
clear as
gleaming as a sun-glint
running waters, now
or
PORTUGUESE
the mist.
through
the
are
Meu
the song
and
"
voice
e
.
the
sounds
a
in
sun
filtrada
luz do
Sombras
sol dos
:
ceo."
distilled
me
:
light singing.)
the
singing to
ao
sun,
passarinhos,"
larks,
cotovias
de
mi
em
canta
of half-awakened
Can96es
ini4s
as
lo ! 'tis heaven's
canticos
Os
sol
do
.
the birds
hear
**
A
lightof
begins and
song
we
.
is
song
237
:
cantar
a
TO-DAY
OF
his poetry is
6 luz
canto
Vou
Then
Then
of birds
songs
**
(My
My
POETS
adormecidas."
distantly,misty
is the
as
voice
of
the
sea,
*'
or
Nevoenta
como
shepherds sing in
the
when
OS
the
"
A
the
tarde
till horizon
quando
a
trazendo
mist
dos
cangoes
do
at
dawn
a
estrella
Noite
is threaded
d'ante-manha
Nevoa
and
trees
pegureiros
crepusculo,"
the
mist
closes
with
o
horizon
d'oiro, e d'oiro
in
mysteries."
sens
rifts of
en
gold,
oiro,"
golden,
grow
montanha
pastor
molhada
e
Uma
do
com
"
invisible
mar,"
o
shepherd'sstar brings in mysterious night,
**
Then
tem
que
dormentes
sussurros
Surge
Or
voz
whispering dusk,
As
"
E
a
te
as
again,rendering
arvores."
the
shepherds
:
**
Era
tao
Que
OS
densa
a
nevoa
e
pastores fallando
tao
mal
cerrada
se
viam."
238 STUDIES
The
has
poet
reHef to
of
motion
moved
silence
Wordsworth's
things vague
motion
LITERATURE
PORTUGUESE
IN
clouds
and
the
rain
with
clouds
"),
solidao
Que
Dormia
("
luar
Do
The
noite
! que
sobre
os
sobre
as
ouvia
Quasi
se
N'um
murmurio
(What
a
the
upon
rochedos.
dos
caminhar
noite
sombras
silence of the
night !
sleeping.
mountain-tops was
is,in the phrase of Francisco
"
quieto."
poema
"
is reminded
Prelude,
of
rocks
continually occurs
several
to
beautiful
the poet
Sombras)
the
and
"
O
the
shadows.)
Mello,
the
which,
word-image
feeling of
(as in
home
the
Minho
ascetismo
No
elegiacodrama
se
a
in
or
mudado
the bronze-hued
em
Rio
branco
serra.
!"
Tamega
nevoeiro,"
soil of Traz-os-Montes,
thought
and
:
river,
"
the
worth's
Words-
valleyof
terra
transmontano
quiet
weariness.
transforma
graniticoda
a
poem
Sempre
and
saudades, onde
No
Tudo
and
of Traz-os-Montes
mountains
Idyllicado
the mist-white
any
passages
valle das
hear
de
in
way
belie
sings his
and
Throughout
beautiful
some
medos."
de
e
one
Mardnos
and
what
vento.
might almost feel upon the
The
moonlight's plaintiveradiance,
of fears
Night moving in a murmur
Tamega
with
And
silencio !
! que
arestas
de
solitude, what
wind
And
In
slow
night's immeasurable
or
pincaros o
quasi sensivel o gemido
Era
reader
vivid
:
"
poem
giving
indefinite,the
and
grey
heavy
of
power
As
the
INDEX
TO
QUOTATIONS
PAGE
Adorae
A
montanhas
formosura
Agora,
d'esta
minha
Amad'
e
mais
A
noite
fremosa
fundo
-Ao
Aquella
cativa
Aquella
triste
-Aquelle
pd
(Joao
o
inverno
jaz
sim,
como
vida
e
o
Cerra
Deixa
me
la
Donde
Era
Eres
a
noite
nome
lixboa,
assim
de
Deus
sobre
;
portuguez
lo
tinha
mar
esse
?
227
-
-
-
.
-
-
-
Ribeiro)
209
-
de
-
-
-
-
-
Meogo)
Sanches)
-
?
padre
-
-
-
147
212
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
damor
(Infante
Pedro)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
191
156
187
22
23
107
71
-
-
(Almeida-Garrett)
240
-
-
"
(Gil Vicente)
Zorro)
(Almeida-Garrett)
-
-
-
(Camoes)
e
-
-
-
-
colorida
fonte
Nunes)
Miranda)
(Pero
-
-
-
(Ayras
Vicente)
-
-
Zorro)
Miranda)
(Joham
olhar
-
(Joham
de
velida
e
he
-
-
-
-
amigas
ay
s'escurece
que
26
-
.
(Camoes)
velidas
(Sa
(Alfonso
nuvens
.
-
Deus)
(Gil
filha, branca
com
-
-
(Gil Vicente)
filha
fremosinha
vindes
de
todas,
madre
minha
-
33
197
ay
(Sa
ceo
mi
vengo,
filha,
Dizia
En
este
ver
rosal
Digades
a
?
-
Queiroz)
(Thomaz
ouvidos
os
de
cortada
Deus,
Deos
-
------
(Joao
ja todas,
tu
-
149
inverno
que
por
serpente
a
Deus)
e
-
-
134
146
.
Queiroz)
(Camoes)
(Efa
hoje
de
nos
Conhecias
Em
dia
agora
Baylemos
Eis
Gon9alo
de
-
-
Castro)
136
-
.-...-
madrugada
bonina
a
Bailemos
Del
leda
de
Aqui
A
(Camoes)
a
de
-
-
.
-
de
(Ega
encosta
-
vejo
(Eugenio
escura
todo
Aqui
Assim
e
d'esta
-
77
-
-
.
-
(Camoes)
Diniz)
quantas
-
(Camoes)
partiste
(Kmg
de
fria
e
que
amigo
(Camoes)
serra
te
-
-
-
errante
vago
gentil
meu
Vicente)
fresca
peregrine,
Alma
A
(Gil
-
-
-
-
-
-
iii
14
12
13
72
154
42
19
170
176
QUOTATIONS
TO
INDEX
241
PAGE
"
{E9a de Queiroz)
Rey (Ruy de Pina)
rindo
Espertos regatinhos fugiam
"
Estorea,
Filho,
excellente
muy
Homem
d'um
Hum
amigo
Hun
tal home
Inda
hoje
Ja
vista
a
so
mis
vemos
Madre,
a
pouco
Mar
Mas
nunca
Mas
se
Mha
Na
sereno
madre
Muitos
"No
de
piar
velado
chegou, madr',
Nom
podees
6
cavalleiros
O
nosso
Deus
O
prado
as
6
rio
mais
Os
mo"os
'"*Ou
Pela
a
nossa
e
dias
-
.
(Ega
de
ao
mamona
vermelhas
e
Sa
de
Menezes)
-
-
-
-
cedo
.
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(Guerra Junqueiro)
(Eugenio de Castro)
-
-
-
-
ventania
-
-
-
(King Duarte)
de boa
lynhagem (King Duarte)
seria outra
existencia (E9a de Queiroz)
relva
-
-
-
-
-
Queiroz^
(Camoes)
-
-
.
-
-
-
-
-
brancas
bem
(Camoes)
-
-
-
.
-
-
-
.
Por
estes
Por
isso
Poys
fazer
quero
nossas
Quando
Quando
sem
campos
as
madres
almas
vejo
a
fim
minha
Miranda)
(Gil Vicente)
vara
sac
(Sa
de
a
Sam
-
Simom
-
-
-
(Pero
(Eugenio de Castro)
amada
(Joao de Deus)
novas
-
-
78
30
96
127
189
100
17
225
xii
135
15
150
224
186
218
32
46
76
235
158
xi
48
52
206
223
227
-70
-
Barroso)
Gomes
4^^
84
-
-
53
155
-
-
(GilVicente)
creatura
(Teixeirade Pascoaes)
(^Franciscode
dos
entao
Parou
Deus
flores
Le9a
Os
de
-
-
amigo (King Diniz)
meu
-
-
-
-
-
nome
passaros
Deus
-
-
214
86
-
Ribeiro)
(Camoes)
Deus)
dos
o
a
servyr
e
de
curto
e
-
-
(Guerra Junqueiro)
azas
(Joao
Nom
-
...
concedera
fria tremem
sol
-
(Diogo Bernardes)
formosa
ser
me
ceo
o
-
-
-
Miranda)
velyda (King Diniz)
do vulgo vil sem
brilha
-
-
plantado (Thomaz
tambem
enxerga
Nao
mar
deixara
-
amig' oj'aqui (Stevam Fernandes)
rebenta
(Guerra Junqueiro)
que
meu
tormenta,
o
de
-
-
(Camoes)
(Camoes)
beira-mar
-
-
-
(Sa de Miranda)
navegavam
ojos (Sa
-
-
-
(King Diniz)
desterra
se
pouco
a
-
talhada
Fran9a
era
que
chegou
de
6 bem
eu,
sey
cora^om
(Sa de Miranda)
(Gil Vicente)
havia
eu
que
tristes
meu
parecer
Ja no largo Oceano
Jardim da Europa
Los
-
es"for90no
toma
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
24
231
186
QUOTATIONS
TO
INDEX
242
PAGE
Remando
Sao
bem
bellas,
uma
Unha
vejo-vos
pastor
Vejo-vos,
alta
se
filha,
noite
queixar
-
-
(Almeida
estrellas
essas
(Eugenio
branca
casa
Vicente)
(Gil
sei,
o
fremosa
Senhor
Sonho
Vem
remadores
vao
(King
de
Garrett)
Diniz)
Castro)
-
de
de
andar
coragom
(Gil
(Pedro
-
-
de
Veer)
-
Vicente)
229
-
-
tam
31
-
-
queixava
170
-
-
-
-
76
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
"
21
17
79
INDEX
Baudelaire
A.
^/^
Addison,
Affonso
Joseph, 173
Infante,57, 58, 107
I., of Portugal, 1, 3,
II. of Portugal, 42
III., of Portugal, 27
Affonso
V,, of Portugal, 47
Affonso,
Affonso
Affonso
202,
155
Berceo
V
99,
X.,
Alfonso
XI., of Castille,36
vAlmeida
Amadeo,
Amigo
el
Sabio,4,
49
(Fialho de), 201
Count
of Savoy, 2
(Pedr'). See Sevilha
Amorim
(Francisco
Gomes
no,
Caminha
35,
38, 56,
128, 129,
(Pedro de), vii,
82,'"^,"^gr92,
98, 99.
143,
(Manuel
145, 160
Maria
Barbosa
Bolseyro (Juyao), 11
Boscan
(Juan), 88, 105, 123
Freire
Braamcamp
(Anselmo), 57
TheoBraga (Joaquim Fernandes
philo),V, vi, 2, 5, 7, 25, 26, 28,
Braganza
Brito
57,
192,
(Mendo
82, 83, 118,
193
Alao
de),
120,
2
Rebello
(J.I.),57
(George Gordon), Lord, 239
221
Andrade
62
du), 136
29.
de),
de),
(Diogo), vii, xii,82, 98,
Bocage
(Marianna), viii
and
VI., of Leon
Castille,
Alfonso
195
230
(Gonzalo
Bernardes
V"A.las (Leopoldo), 204
Alfonso
229,
Beatriz, Infanta,75, 85, 173
Bembo
(Pietro),85
,
VAlcoforado
(Charles), 185,
217,
Byron
100.
102
"
"
Anriquez JLuis)
Caballero
(Fernan), 198, 201
la Barca
(Pedro), 79
Camoes
(Bento de), 120
CamQes.(Luis de), vii,x, 3, 80, 92,
58, 107
Henriques
Ariosto
(Ludovico),85, 105, 153
Aristotle,46, 47, 115
Arriaga (Manoel de), 192
Athaide
(Caterina de), 123,
138,
141, 146, 147, 150, 156, 172
Anrriques?^
Azurara
,
Calderon
See
(Gomez
Eannes
de).
de
102,
105, no,
113, 114-161, 172
Cancioneiro
Colocci-Brancuti, 37
Cancioneiro
da Ajuda, vi, 26, 37
Cancioneiro
da Vaticana, 4, 5, 6, 9,
See
Eannes
26,
31,
B.
Cancioneiro
Balzac
(Honore de), 199
Barganga.
Barnes
Barreto
See
de
de
Baena,
119
Resende.
See
cioneiro
Can-
Geral
Braganza
Cancioneiro
(William),233
(Moniz),
36-9, 47
32,
Cancioneiro
Geral, ^^,
47,
106, 107
Carreira,
205
(Joao de^,.
"^/'Barros
viii,36, 128
Casado
243
Visconde
da, 38
(Fernando), 126
62, 83,
INDEX
244
F.
Ml^aspancho (Ayras),15
Castello
de, 85
Conde
Castanheira,
/Falcao
(Camillo),
Branco
198-202
Castilho
(Antonio
162, 192
57,
132,
Castro
156,
~"^astro
y
Faria
155,
Fernandez
(Joao de), vii,ix, 122
Fernando,
62
Cclestina, La,
Ferreira
131,
114,
,;
Breves,
41,
Scares
See
"oelho.
204
Coelho
(Angelo), 37
Colonna,
Family of, 85
Constanta, Infanta,227
Corelli (Marie), 207
do
Correa
(Manoel),
France
Frenssen
55,
114,
(Gon^alo),
Crasbeeck
(Lourengo),
(O,),82, no
Crawfurd
119,
Darmea
141
157
155,
".Gar9ao (Pedro Antonio
105,
193
20
Gautier
..Diniz,King of Portugal,9,
13,
15,
26, 27, 28-38,
40,
41,
Duarte,
Goes
Almeida-),
162-83.
no,
191
(Theophile),226,
(Damiao
Goethe
25,
S. L.
da
239
Gil (Vaasco), 28
.
20,
(J.B.
ix, 41, 55,
226
42, 50, 112
Donis.
See
Correa),
153
(Joao de), 146, 160, 184-9,
197,
153,
143
Diniz
See
Denis.
(JoseMaria), 233
(Joham de), 9
Family of, 118
Gama,
Gama
(Paulo da), 152, 157
Gama
(Vasco da), 128, 144,
Garrett
88, 91, 92,
(Pedro),
199
Gaia
D.
"Dante,
100,
(Gustave), 220
(Anatole), 220
(Gustav). 207
y Galan
Gabriel
117,
82
(Diogo de), 133,
Couto
98,
G.
Condestabre, 174
143
Coutinho
16,
17
79
Flaubert
Colocci
Coronica
See
Figueredo (Fidelino de), 199
Fitzmaurice-Kelly (James), xviii,
"
(Geoffrey),no
Clironicas
.Deus.
(Stevam),
Infante, 53
(Antonio),
y^Feuillet(Octave),
(Manoel Pinheiro), 201
Chaucer
116,
106, 108, 109
loi,
134
Chagas
114,
Elvas
227
^Cervantes (Miguel de),
"
e
117, 141, 160
Sousa
(Manoel), 115,
117, 126, 129
""Fernandez
(Domingos), 117.
(Eugenio de),225-32
(Ines de), 108, 150,
Castro
X
de),
de),
Severim
(Manoel
115,
Feliciano
vii, 5
(Christovam),
Faria
Diniz
King of Portugal, viii,30,
de),
54,
122
(Johann Wolfgang
Gomes
Barroso
Gomes
Charinho
von),
226
168, 183, 192,
(Pero), 10, 24
(Payo), 20
^ _Qiierra,Junqueiro(Abilio),221-5
(Johan de), 12, 18,
Guilhade
20
36, 43-54
H.
E.
de Azurara
(Gomez), 54
(Aymeric d'), 28
-J"^a^de Queiroz (Jose Maria), ix,
(Heinrich), 202
Eannes
Heine
Ebrard
Henrique,
g^'^h143
Henrique,
193,
Eduarte.
194,
Duarte
Elizabeth, Saint,
Elvas
28
(Stevam Fernandes
Encina
(Juan del),61, 66
Portu-
Infante,97
Henriques (Affonso). SeeAPFONso
I., of Portugal
202-20
See
Cardinal, King of
d'),17
Henry,
Henry
Count,
i,
2
V., of England,
44
INDEX
Henry, Prince,
Heraclitus,
the
Mafalda,
Navigator,48
(Alexandre), ix, 165,
183
I., of Portugal,40, 53, 57,
58, 59, 60, 63, 84, 102, 103, 121,
155
124.
Heredia
(Jose
Hobbes
(Thomas), 169
Homer,
Horace,
88, 150
88, 91, 92,
Hugo
Maria
Marcabrus,
no,
222,
202, 217,
(Alexander von),
(Pedro de),
126,
119,
153
Mello
I.
Isabel,
131,
ix, 50, 122,
Consort
Diniz, 28
Isabel, Queen, Consort
of
King
of Manoel
/.,
58
de
Jeanroy (Alfred) 6, 9, 27
Joao, Infante,98,99, 102,
,
112,
123,
126
Joao I., of Portugal,40, 47, 49
Joao III., of Portugal, 58, 65, 66,
85, 86, 87, 97, 104
]d\i3.m/jogiar,
35
de),viii,
238
(Rodrigo), 25
Pelayo (Marcelino),
y
106
(Pero), 12
lina),
(Caro-
Vasconcellos
de
Michaelis
J-
142
Manoel
Silva
Menendez
76,
Meogo
141,
/.,
118,
117,
114,
140,
(Francisco
Mendez
Queen,
of Manoel
Maria,
58
Mariz
102
2
Maria, Infanta,59
Qneen, Consort
169
224
Humboldt
(Jorge),62,
Manrique
de), 195
(Victor),187,
223,
Queen, 2
Manoel
100
Herculano
245
vi, vii, xii, 23, 39, 63, 81,
83, 108, 112, 115
Michelet
(Jules), 202
Mickle
(W. J.).120
Monaci
(Ernesto), 5, 25, 38
Montebello,
Marquez de, 97
Montemayor
(Jorge de), 82, 98
Moraes
(Christovam Alao de), 56
Musset
(Alfred de), 195
K.
Kausler
(E.
von),
K.
N.
33
Napoleon, 163
Noronha
(Antonio de),
L.
Fontaine
La
Lamartine
(Jean de), no
(Alphonse de), 191
Lane
(H. R.), 5
Lazarillo
de Tormes,
Leonor,
Queen,
Duarte,
43,
79
Consort
135.
Nunes
138
(Ayras),
Nunes
(Duarte), 37,
de), 124
(J.P.), 161, 192,
Martins
Oliveira
58
Leopardi (Giacomo), Count, 233
"Lopes (Fernao), 54
Lopes de Moura
(Caetano), 38
Louren^o, yo^rar, 11
Luiz, Infante,97
193
Orta
(Garcia da), 132
Palacio
Pardo
M.
Valdes
Bazan
(Anna de),
117,
118, 119,
Machado
Teixeira
Pedro,
120
de
83, 86, 92,
Azevedo
97,
119
(Manoel),
(Armando),
(Emilia), 198
(Teixeira
Pascoaes
Macedo
41
Pereira
(Manoel
Ocem
of Joao II.,
22
O.
of King
44
L.eonor, Queen, Consort
21,
124,
123,
Conde
220
See
de),
Vasconcellos
de
de
Barcellos,
7,
42,43
Pedro,
Constable
of Portugal,4
36
INDEX
246
Sabugosa,
Pedro, Infante,49
Pereda
(Jose
de), 198,
Maria
205,
(Antonio), 89, 97, 108, 109
Pereira
(Nun' Alvares), 97, 174
Petrarca
(Francesco), 88, 105, 145
Philip II,, of Spain, 140, 144
Philippa,Queen, Consort ofJ odo I.,
de), 44,
(Ruy
de
Pires
Camoes
48, 53,
47,
(Vasco),
(Jacopo),85
Santarem,
Visconde
119,
108, 138
Prestage (Edgar), ix, xii,xiii,57,
163, 175,
193.
143,
Solaz
(Pedr' Anes), 8
Southey (Robert), 147
Storck
(Wilhelm), 8,
16
116,
115,
125, 129, 132,
(Charles),37
Stuart
191-7,
183
172,
Soares
119, 120, 123,
145, 146, 194
Quental (Anthero de),
155,
144,
118,
Q.
221, \
T.
"226
Tareja, Infanta,i
Quixote Don, 8, 201
f
Tasso
Ramalho
192,
Ortiga.o (Jose Duarte),
203
Count,
Raymond,
Redondo,
122,
de
coaes],x,
i
Tolstoi
132
de), 65,
(Garcia de),
33,
173, 184
3,
189-91,
(Miguel
Unamuno
Urraca,
(Thomaz),
^^Ribeirfi
Lobo
vii
(Francisco),
(Juan), Archpriest of Hita,
S.
Sa
Sa
Sa
221
Infanta, i
(Annade), 116, 119, 120, 140
(Gongalo Mendes
de), loi
de), 98
(Hieronymo
de), 88, 104, no
(Mem
de Menezes
(Francisco de), xi
de
Valera
(Juan),34, 198
Varnhagen
47. 79
Sa
de),
V.
Ruiz
Sa
13
200,
221
Rodrigues
Sa
Rodrigues),19
203
(Joham Lopes de), 10
Ulhoa
(Bernardim), vii, 83, 85,
Pas-
U.
65, 66,
108
ViRibeiro
(Joa-
[Teixeirade
(Nuno Fernandez),
150
Resende
153
233-9
(Mem
(Leo),
Torneol
152,
Vasconcellos
Pereira)
quim
Tenoyro
Cofide de, 131,
(Andre Falcao
Resende
(Torquato),
Teixeira
R.
"
of Portugal, 102,
King
142.
(Pedr' Amigo de), 15
(Epiphanio da),5
Coelho
(Joham), 9, 15,
(Martim), 32
211
25,
149
141,
Soares
(Pero da),7, 10
Portugal (Manoel de), vii,x, 98,
de, 43
de, xiii,4,
Santillana, Marques
Silva
de, 182
Marquez
Ponte
"
III., of Portugal, 27
Sevilha
119
de, 56
Sannazaro
54
(Edgar Allan), 202
Pombal,
y
Sancho
Sebastian,
48
Pma
Conde
(Afifonso),
14
(Tomas Antonio),25
Sanchez
216
Pereira
Poe
Sanches
Miranda
(Francisco de),
vii,X. xiii,35, 36,
"1^113,
114, 119,
37, 47,
148
50,
65,
(F. A.),
37,
38
Vaz
de
Camoes
(Antao), i
Vaz
de
Camoes
118
(Joiio),
de
(8
(Luis de). See
(Luis de)
de Camoes
Vaz
(Simao), 116, 118
de Gama
Vaz
(Guiomar), 118
Veer
(Pedro de), 17
Vega, (Garcilaso de la), 88, 89,
123, 148
105, 109, no,
113, 122,
Vega (Lope Felix de), 25, 79, 114
Vaz
Camoes
Camoes
SOUTHEASTERN MASSACHUSETTS UNIVERSITY
PQ9011.B44
Studies in Portuguese
literature
3
ET2E
DD1E3
535
M
PQ
9011
Bell,
1950.
Studies
.B44
Aubrey
in
F.
G.
1882-
Portuguese
ri-Axr^-
^^8371