UNIVERSIDADE DE COIMBRA
FACULDADE DE LETRAS
MESTRADO EM CIÊNCIA DA INFORMAÇÃO
OS LIVROS DIGITAIS E O “MILAGRE
DA MULTIPLICAÇÃO”: A BIBLIOTECA
DO FUTURO OU O FUTURO DA
BIBLIOTECA?
Ana Lucia Ázar
César Escobar
Coimbra
2014
Objetivos
• O estudo presente aborda as novas ferramentas tecnológicas, livro digital ou e-book e
leitores de livros eletrônicos, eReaders, no sentido de avaliar as potenciais vantagens
desses recursos na otimização dos serviços oferecidos pela biblioteca, principalmente, no
que tange a acessibilidade da informação.
• Identificar e problematizar as tendências actuais, numa lógica prospectiva, relativas ao
impacto da crescente desmaterialização de conteúdos e diversificação de suportes no papel
das bibliotecas e dos profissionais de biblioteca/informação.
eReaders
Metodologia
• Análise bibliográfica, de estudos recentes e de referência, recorrendo sobretudo a fontes
secundárias.
O livro eletrônico, o leitor de livros eletrônicos
e suas respectivas tecnologias e vantagens
Vantagens dos e-books
Vantagens dos e-Readers
• Versatilidade - ePub
•
•
•
•
•
Possibilidade de levar vários e-Books
de uma só vez, ex.: utilizando pendrive;
Abrangência das obras publicadas, de
conteúdo (uso de links externos);
Facilidade de navegação com o uso
de links internos, caso das referências
cruzadas, por exemplo;
Possibilidade de realizar buscas
dentro do próprio documento, tornando
a pesquisa mais ágil;
Layout flexível, pode ser modificado
pelo usuário, de acordo com suas
necessidades.
• Tecnologia e-ink (tinta eletrônica)
• Conecta a rede sem fio
• Durabilidade (+de 1 mês)
• Tecnologia touchscreen
• Ampla memória interna (suporta 2.000,00
livros)
• Expansão – 30.000 livros
• Definição de telas – não agride os olhos
• Sincronização (Wi-fi )
Os e-readers e e-books nas bibliotecas
• Espaço físico
• Empréstimos (domiciliares e entre Bibliotecas)
• Custo X Beneficio
Todavia, no mundo da Biblioteca 2.0 e 3.0
...
“the book is the tangible product of a sophisticated epistemological
and technological system which is wholly distinct from that of
information technology, and whose essential properties remain deeply
entrenched in its very materiality. These properties — individual
identity, spatial extensity, total surface accessibility and textual fixity
— are, at this point in time, not replicable in the form of the digital
text or ebook. (…)
Thus, the very attributes that are the strengths of electronic texts,
which Vandendorpe lists as “ubiquity, fluidity, interactivity and
complete indexation” [24], are not advantageous to the individual
work, defined as a book. However, these properties, which lend
themselves to highly useful functions such as Boolean search
operators and hyperlinks, are ideally applied to masses of text rather
than to individual works in isolation.” (Rowe, 2013)
... os desafios estão aí em força ...
«San José Public Library, CA, web librarian Nate Hill leapt
beyond ebooks themselves to library service shaped by what he
called "the digital content wave." This service will be about "the
three c's": "collections of knowledge," "conversations about
knowledge," and "creating context for knowledge."
"Ebooks are just a transition for us. When you read a book on an
ereader, it is like listening to the radio on your television." As
digital content develops, he argued, libraries will be able to
respond with increasingly nimble models, including remote or
"distributed" outposts in flexible, movable spaces» (LJ,
quanto aos bibliotecários/profissionais de
informação ...
• Helen Partridge, Queensland University of Technology (Brisbane, Australia),«being a
librarian 2.0 is not just about learning new skills, but rather, how librarians view
themselves and their profession.“It's all in the attitude”».
• Hiroya Takeuchi, Chiba University in Japan, «librarians need to move toward an active role
in education and learning. From his point of view, this approach is one way — and perhaps
the only way — to establish a solid professional foundation for librarianship».
• M. Luisa Álvarez-de-Toledo, Universidad de Oviedo, «librarians’ day-to-day tasks have
become more technical and specialized, and it's essential that new knowledge be embraced
to best serve the university community. (…) three tasks have become prominent:
- The promotion, evaluation and marketing of academic publications on the Internet, i.e.,
academic search engine optimization (SEO);
- the development and creation of semantic content for Web 3.0; and
- the application of social media tools in Web 2.0
... requer-se mudança na identidade
profissional ...
• Aaron Tay, National University of Singapore, «“To connect with today's library users, librarians
need to implement and stay abreast of the latest communications technologies and tools,” Aaron
admits he’s not a coder, but (…) “there is no getting away from the use of information
technology.” Aaron also has embraced social media and now manages many of his library's social
media and chat channels.»
• Rudy Leon, University of Illinois, “Retooling library staff to take on the future, where a state of
flux is the new normal.”.
• Bracke, 2011: «Discussions within the profession suggest that there will not be a single new role
for subject librarians, but rather a variety of roles that will evolve from existing ones; e.g.,
educators, publishers, scholarly communication advocates, and collection managers. Roles will
continue to change and emerge with no sign of fixity in the future. Data curator may be one of
the roles librarians assume.»
• «A content curator is someone who continually finds, groups, organizes, and shares the best and
most relevant content on a specific issue online. The most important component of this job is the
word "continually.“While search engines such as Google are one way of bringing to the surface
relevant content, according to Deshpande, they fail in two regards: "First, they are based on
inbound links, which reveal the most popular content rather than the best and most relevant
content. Second, search engines are designed for one-time queries rather than a persistent
search over a long period of time.“», (Herther, 2012).
... num contexto de incerteza quanto ao futuro
...
• «While academic libraries—or at least their
budgets—may continue to subsidize the high
cost of academic literature, most consumer
ebooks are available now at a very low cost—
many for no cost at all. So will public libraries
really have a role to play in helping to subsidize
access to information and entertainment in an
electronic world?»).
• Even if (…) we do overcome the current
obstacles to ebook lending in libraries—there’s
a much more fundamental question we must
face: Why do we need libraries in an ebook
world anyway? What value do we really bring to
our readers and our communities when Amazon
and Google offer far larger collections than
almost any traditional library, and when many of
these titles are available for free and even
Amazon titles average only $7.72 per title. So,
after 50 years or more of toiling in the digital
fields, ironically, we are right back where we
started. (Coffman, 2013).
... mas com pequenos bons sinais (small is
beautifull ?)...
• «Dover Town Library "provide[s] both the comfort of America's living room, the genteel
charm of afternoon tea…with a slick [tech] bar in lieu of a reference desk, a video gaming
alcove tucked under the stairs, and the library's entire CD collection ripped to an
in30/house iTunes server for music previews and general enjoyment." There are classes
for digital storytelling, creating killer blogs, podcasts, and videos, all in a space that
combines the best of favorite destinations: gardens, the Apple store, bookstores, museums.
In these economically and technologically challenging times, these small libraries, with
staffs that range from seven to 12, can teach us a lot»
• «"technology is part of the solution [for] a dying library.“They use social networking-Facebook, blogs, Twitter, Tumblr--for "cost-effective marketing" to engage the
community. The statistics are truly remarkable: the library Facebook page went from 9,556
views in all of 2010 to 106,695 in the first nine months of 2011. In addition to the 50 PCs in
the library, IPL lends laptops for in-library use as well. That came about, wrote Hildebrand,
after the library began providing laptops for people in wheelchairs or on mobility scooters
and received complaints of reverse discrimination. The solution: more laptops.» (Fialkoff,
2012)
...ponderação de questões deontológicas e
políticas...
• «whether librarians "are ready and willing to give up some long-held principles," such
as safeguarding privacy and resisting censorship "in exchange for having access to
more stuff, right now." Putting so many resources to temporary licenses for access to
materials, she said, may well have consequences for users in the future. "Are we okay
with losing the ability to share beyond our small islands of tuition-paying customers?“»
• «"Libraries are about democracy. Right now anyone, any age, any demographic, poor,
wealthy, took a shower yesterday or didn't, can walk into a library, pick a book up, and
check it out," said Robin Nesbitt, technical services coordinator, Columbus Metropolitan
Library, OH. "Currently, that isn't true with ebooks. If you can afford an ereader you can
get ebooks. If not, you're out of luck“» (Kelley at. al, 2011).
Conclusão
Referências Bibliográficas
• Federação Internacional de Associações e Instituições Bibliotecárias. (2013). IFLA Principles for Library eLending. Acedido
em maio 26, 2014, em http://www.ifla.org/ES/node/7418.
• Estadão.com. (2014). E-readers disponíveis em biblioteca em São Paulo. Acedido em maio 27, 2014em
http://blogs.estadao.com.br/link/e-readers-disponiveis-em-biblioteca-em-sao-paulo/.
• Extra Globo.com. (2011). Bibliotecas da Espanha começam a emprestar livros em e-readers. Acedido em maio, 25, 2014
em http://extra.globo.com/noticias/celular-e-tecnologia/bibliotecas-da-espanha-comecam-emprestar-livros-em-readers1043024.html.
• Melo, E. (2014). Revolucão e eBook. Acedido em maio 26, 2014 em http://revolucaoebook.com.br/.
• Pinheiro, C. Seis bibliotecas norte-americanas ultrapassaram um milhão de empréstimos de ebooks em 2013. Acedido
em maio, 27, 2014, em https://lerebooks.wordpress.com/2014/01/09/seis-bibliotecas-norte-americanasultrapassaram-um-milhao-de-emprestimos-de-ebooks-em-2013/.
• Rodrigues, A. V. F., Crespo, I. M. (2012). E-book reader: um novo cenário em informação e bibliotecas 2012. Acedido em
maio 26, 2014, em http://www.filo.uba.ar/contenidos/investigacion/institutos/inibi_nuevo/n28a06.htm.
• Wikipédia: a enciclopédia livre. (2010). Livro digital. Acedido em maio, 24, 2014, em
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livro_digital.
• Wikipédia: a enciclopédia livre. (2010). Leitor de livros digitais. Acedido em maio, 24, 2014, em
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leitor_de_livros_digitais.
Referências Bibliográficas
• “Defining a Librarian in the Information Age: Can it Be Done?”, Published on Library Connect (http://libraryconnect.elsevier.com) On
Mon 12 Dec 2011. Consultado 29-05-2014. http://libraryconnect.elsevier.com/blogs/2011-12/defining-librarian-information-age-can-itbe-done.
• ROWE, Christopher. The new library of Babel? Borges, digitisation and the myth of a universal library. First Monday, [S.l.], feb. 2013. ISSN
13960466. Available at: <http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/3237/3416>. Date accessed: 29 May. 2014.
doi:10.5210/fm.v18i2.3237.
• Coffman, Steve (2013) So now what ? The future for librarians, ONLINE SEARCHER, JAN - FEB 2013. Consultado a 29-05-2014 em
http://www.infotoday.com/OnlineSearcher/Articles/Features/So-Now-What-The-Future-for-Librarians-86856.shtml.
• Kelley, Michael; Fialkoff, Francine; Miller, Rebecca; Rap, David (2011), The Ebook Opportunity. Library Journal. 11/15/2011, Vol. 136 Issue
19, p36-36. 2p. Consultado a 29-05-2014, em http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/delivery?sid=f5e21548-f821-43de-a9a4c1cbc2a6ca07%40sessionmgr4003&vid=2&hid=4112.
• Fialkoff, Francine (2012), Lessons from small libraries, Library Journal. 2/1/2012, Vol. 137 Issue 2, p8-8. 1p. Consultado a 29-05-2014, em
http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2012/02/opinion/editorial/lessons-from-small-libraries-theyre-not-intimidated-by-the-present-or-thefuture-editorial/.
• Michael A. Cerbo (2012) The Academic Library Online: Is the Future of Academic Libraries a Virtual Reality?, Technical Services Quarterly,
29:3, 181-192, DOI: 10.1080/07317131.2012.681278. [b-on: Biblioteca do conhecimento online UA] On: 29 May 2014, At: 16:31.
• Herther, Nancy K. (2012), Content Curation. Searcher. Sep2012, Vol. 20 Issue 7, p30-41. 11p. B-On.