Opportunities for Research Collaboration in
Signal Processing
Prof. Dr.-Ing. João Paulo C. Lustosa da Costa
University of Brasília (UnB)
Department of Electrical Engineering (ENE)
Laboratory of Array Signal Processing
PO Box 4386
Zip Code 70.919-970, Brasília - DF
de Brasília
Homepage:Universidade
http://www.redes.unb.br/lasp
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
1
Outline




Universidade de Brasília: A Short Overview
Projects
Exchanges and Cooperations
Research areas
 Computer Networks
 Power Systems
 Antenna Array
 Microphone Array
UnB
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
2
Outline




Universidade de Brasília: A Short Overview
Projects
Exchanges and Cooperations
Research areas
 Computer Networks
 Power Systems
 Antenna Array
 Microphone Array
UnB
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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“...an environment of innovation and development for
applied research projects, with focus on improving the
fulfillment of the government and society demands...”
Applied Research Projects
• PR/GSI
• MDIC
Innovation Projects
• Dell
• Siemens
• MPOG
• MinC
• Petrobrás
• Positivo
• MCTI
• STF
• Nokia
• Motorola
• MEC
• ANVISA
• Compaq
• Ericsson
• MS
• SERPRO
• IBM
• Apple
• TEM
• TJDFT
• HP
• Microsoft
• MD
• GDF
• Alcatel
• Cisco
www.redes.unb.br/latitude/
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
Project: UnB and ENAP

National School of Public Administration
 around 30 virtual courses nowadays
 Education supported by technologies at ENAP – management of the
ENAP virtual school, innovation, development of contents and
resources
 Development of methodological, pedagogic and technological
solutions
• Platform: Unify and update the versions of the Moodle platform
• Course participants: Development of new courses
– Evaluate the structure of the actual courses: inclusion of new
didactical tools and review the contents
– Standardize the courses
– Feedback system for the course participants
• Technical team: transfer of knowledge and autonomy
• Infrastructure: servers and high speed connections
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Project: UnB and CGAUD / MP (1)

Ministry of Planning, Budget and Management (MP)
 Human Resources Auditing Department (CGAUD)
• Characteristics
– 16 GB of data a month
– 6,2 million federal employees
– Monthly payroll around R$ 12.5 billion (approx. € 4.15 billion)
• Business Intelligence Solution
• Reimbursement Tracking System (SIGA)
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Project: UnB and CGAUD / MP (2)

Ministry of Planning, Budget and Management (MP)
 Human Resources Auditing Department (CGAUD)
Evolution of the audited value per month
based on the incompatibility of rubrics
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Project: UnB and CGAUD / MP (3)

Ministry of Planning, Budget and Management (MP)
 Human Resources Auditing Department (CGAUD)
Evolution of the amount of irregular cases per
month based on the incompatibility of rubrics
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Project: UnB and CGAUD / MP (4)

Ministry of Planning, Budget and Management (MP)
 Human Resources Auditing Department (CGAUD)
Restitution to the public treasury
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Project: UnB and CGAUD / MP (5)

Ministry of Planning, Budget and Management (MP)
 Human Resources Auditing Department (CGAUD)
• Next step: application of statistical tools to detect irregularities
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Project: UnB and DLR (1)

Special Visiting Researcher (PVE) project
G. Siegert et al, “Multi-directional over the air testbed for robustness testing of
GNSS receivers against Jammers and Spoofers,” American Institute of
Aeronautics and Astronautics -AIAA-, Washington/D.C., 31st AIAA International
Communications Satellite Systems Conference, ICSSC 2013
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Project: UnB and DLR (2)


German Aerospace Center
 Institute of Communications and Navigation
• 1 co-tutored Master’s student
• 1 co-tutored PhD student (in progress)
• 3 joint conference papers and 1 joint journal paper
Special Visiting Researcher (PVE) project
• Single- and Dual-Polarization Sensor Array Signal Processing for
Multipath and Interference Mitigation for Global Navigation
Satellite Systems (GNSS)
• in the context of the science without borders program
• highest scholarship for the PVE
• scholarships for postdocs, sandwich PhDs and HiWis
• Partners: UFC and UFRGS
• Possible partner (to be included): AEB
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Project: UnB and Wakayama University

University International Formation Mission (UNIFORM)
 One sandwich PhD: starting after finishing the bureaucracy
 Microsatellite constellation
• Microsatellite: 20 kg < wt < 100 kg
• Nanosatellite: 1 kg < wt < 20 kg
• High time-resolution: several Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites
• Effective Earth observation systems: via ground systems
• Thermal imaging satellite systems
– To detect heat anomaly detection for instance in case of fires
in forests
• Several other partners: Tokyo University, Next generation Space
system Technology Research Association (NESTRA), Japan
Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), …
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Outline




Universidade de Brasília: A Short Overview
Projects
Exchanges and Cooperations
Research areas
 Computer Networks
 Power Systems
 Antenna Array
 Microphone Array
UnB
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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DAAD RISE weltweit and others




DAAD RISE: program to support exchange of bachelor students in
natural sciences and engineering
• One student from TUM in 2011
• One student from Freie Universtaet Berlin in 2012
• One student from Deggendorf Fachhochschule in 2012
• One student from Oldenburg University in 2013
• One student from TU Berlin in 2014
• One student from Rhein-Main Fachhochschule in 2014
 All costs are supported by DAAD.
 Usually there are low price rooms available at UnB for the students.
PhD student from Hong Kong City University in 2012
Master’s student from Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) in
2011
National cooperations: UFRGS, IME, UFC and INPA
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Outline




Universidade de Brasília: A Short Overview
Projects
Exchanges and Cooperations
Research areas
 Computer Networks
 Power Systems
 Antenna Array
 Microphone Array
UnB
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Computer Networks (1)

Honeypot system
Attracts the attacks from malicious users
Reduced amount of traffic to be analysed
Most of the traffic is malicious traffic.
2008-06-04-00:00:03.7586 tcp(6) S 56.37.74.42 4406 203.49.33.129 1080 [Windows XP SP1]
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Computer Networks (2)

Data Pre-Processing model
 The original dataset is divided into n timeslots
 Therefore
Signal
Noise
(attack)
(normal traffic)
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Computer Networks (3)

Data Pre-Processing model
 The total connections directed to each m destination port are summed
up into each time slot n.
Total amount of incomes and outcomes
Total number of analyzed ports
M = 29
Total number of timeslots
N = 37
Real traffic captured at
Banco do Brasil honeypot
Time (min)
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Computer Networks (4)

Noise only dataset (normal traffic) [1]
Method
Model Order
AIC
21
MDL
21
RADOI
7
M-EFT
0
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Computer Networks (5)

Full dataset (attacks + normal traffic) [1]
Method

Model Order
AIC
21
MDL
21
RADOI
3
RADOI w/ prewhitening
4
M-EFT
4
A parallelized computation is proposed for several honeypots in [2].
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Computer Networks (6)
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Computer Networks (7)
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Computer Networks (8)
𝐗 (𝑞) = 𝐒 (𝑞) + 𝐍 (𝑞) + 𝐀(𝑞)
𝐗 (𝑞) ∈ ℝ𝑀×𝑁 : network traffic
𝐒 (𝑞) ∈ ℝ𝑀×𝑁 : legitimate traffic
𝐍 (𝑞) ∈ ℝ𝑀×𝑁 : noise traffic
𝐀(𝑞) ∈ ℝ𝑀×𝑁 : malicious traffic
Our goal is to detect the rank of the matrix
A(𝑞) , given only the matrix X (𝑞) .
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Computer Networks (9)

Portscan
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Computer Networks (10)

Synflood
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Computer Networks (11)

Signal (legitimate traffic)
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Computer Networks (12)

Noise
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Computer Networks (13)
d=1
rank {𝐀(𝑞) } ≠ 0
GETV
portscan
or
synflood attack
MOS
d=?
d=0
rank {𝐀(𝑞) } = 0
No attack
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Computer Networks (14)

Eigenvalues of the normalized case
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Computer Networks (15)

Eigenvalues of the nonnormalized case
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Computer Networks (16)

MOS schemes results to normalized case
Case
Method
AIC
MDL
EDC
RADOI
EFT
SURE
With
portscan
1
1
1
1
1
6
Without
portscan
0
0
0
1
0
1
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Computer Networks (17)

MOS schemes results to nonormalized case
Case
Method
AIC
MDL
EDC
RADOI
EFT
SURE
With
synflood
2
1
1
4
1
14
Without
synflood
4
1
0
1
0
13
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Computer Networks (18)

References
[1] D. F. Tenório, J. P. C. L. da Costa, and R. T. de Sousa Jr., "Greatest
Eigenvalue Time Vector Approach for Blind Detection of Malicious Traffic,"
The International Conference on Forensic Computer Science (ICoFCS)
2013, Brasília, Brazil, best paper award
[2] J. P. C. L. da Costa, E. P. de Freitas, A. M. R. Serrano, and R. T. de
Sousa Jr. "Improved Parallel Approach to PCA Based Malicious Activity
Detection in Distributed Honeypot Data," International Journal of Forensic
Computer Science (IJoFCS), 2012
[3] J. P. C. L. da Costa, E. P. de Freitas, B. M. David, D. Amaral, and R. T.
de Sousa Jr., "Improved Blind Automatic Malicious Activity Detection in
Honeypot Data," The International Conference on Forensic Computer
Science (ICoFCS) 2012, Brasília, Brazil, best paper award
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Outline




Universidade de Brasília: A Short Overview
Projects
Exchanges and Cooperations
Research areas
 Computer Networks
 Power Systems
 Antenna Array
 Microphone Array
UnB
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
35
Power Systems (1)
Radio Frequency
Waves (RF)
RF recycling energy
System [6]
Electric eels [7]
Data obtained from the
Substations (SSs)
Center for
Data Prediction [8,9]
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Power Systems (2)
•
Substations from
Leipzig [8]
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Power Systems (3)
The scheme selection or
training phase is done by using
data from Jan/2001 to Dec/2004.
Best method is selected!
Evaluating 8 SSs
Using the best scheme to predict the
data from 2005 to 2006 for each SS
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Power Systems (4)
 ARMAX outperformed all the other schemes [9].
Prediction in Substation D
Demand
measured values
Weeks
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Power Systems (5)
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Power Systems (6)
From beginning 2005 until the end of 2006
c: amount of initial m2 of PV panels
a: exp(a) weekly increase
For example: exp(0.3) = 1.34
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Savings: until…
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Power Systems (8)

References
[6] J. Milanezi Jr., J. P. C. L. da Costa, E. P. de Freitas, “Improved
Radiofrequency Energy Harvesting based on a Rectenna Array System and
its Feasibility Evaluation in Urban Environments,” International Conference
on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) 2014
[7] J. Milanezi Jr., J. P. C. L. da Costa, E. P. de Freitas, J. A. A. Gomes and
R. Schmidt, “Sustainable Electric Energy Microgeneration System Based on
Electric Eels,” International Conference on Renewable Energy Research
and Applications (ICRERA) 2014
[8] Planning method for integration and expansion of renewable energy
sources with special attention to security supply in distribution system, J. L.
Cerda-Arias, Mar 2012
[9] Spatio-temporal prediction of electric power systems including emergent
energy sources, J. Milanezi Junior, Master’s thesis, Mar 2014
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Outline




Universidade de Brasília: A Short Overview
Projects
Exchanges and Cooperations
Research areas
 Computer Networks
 Power Systems
 Antenna Array
 Microphone Array
UnB
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Antenna Array (1)

In case of a large number of sensors
 Incorporation of adaptive Reduced Rank (RR) techniques
• For instance, the RR Generalized Sidelobe Canceler (GSC)
– RADAR, SONAR and communications
 In several applications the noise is colored.
• It can severely degrades the estimation of the transmitted symbols
at the RX side.
• Inclusion of prewhitening schemes [5] as well as the
Vandermonde Invariance Transformation (VIT) can compensate
the degradation caused by the colored noise.
[5] R. K. Miranda, J. P. C. L. da Costa, and F. Antreich, "High Accuracy and Low Complexity
Adaptive Generalized Sidelobe Cancelers for Colored Noise Scenarios," Digital Signal
Processing, 2014.
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Antenna Array (2)

Standard RR GSC

Vandermonde Invariant Transform High Accuracy Stochastic Prewhitening
Least Mean Squares RR GSC (VIT-HASP-LMS-RR-GSC)
HASP:
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Antenna Array (3)
•
Batch: all samples at
once
•
Noise correlation: 0.9
Source at 10º DOA
Interferers at -63º,
-43º, -21º, 28º, 39º,
and 61º
Reduced rank: 10
SNR: 10 dB
ULA with 32 elements
QAM signals
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Cooperative MIMO (1)

Wireless Sensor Networks
 Several applications: agriculture, defense and environment
 Energy limitations: small batteries and no replacement of them
 Communication consumes most of the energy
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
Cooperative MIMO (2)

Simulation scenario
 The cooperative MIMO channels generated using the IlmProp
 50 sensors placed in an area of 400 × 400 m2
 Sensors distributed following a random pattern following Poisson
distribution in two dimensions
 Perfect synchronization among sensors assumed
 Pilots with 30 data symbols
 The transmitted data with 1000 data symbols
 Stationary channel
 The carrier frequency 2.4GHz
 Fat fading over the transmission bandwidth
 The simulation ranges from -10 to 10 dB SNR and 1000
independent Monte Carlo runs for each SNR
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
Cooperative MIMO (3)

Simulation scenario
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
Cooperative MIMO (4)

SNR vs BER
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
Cooperative MIMO (5)

Normalized energy consumption
 5 hops for multi-hop scheme
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
Attitude Estimation (1)

Tasks that require attitude estimation:
 to follow a trajectory
 to execute maneuvers
 to take-off and landing
 to point out camera/weapons

An accurate attitude estimation reduces:
 Errors fulfilling commands
 Probability of failure or crashes
 Fuel consumption
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Attitude Estimation (2)



Attitude estimation:
 Sensors measuring vector directions:
• Accelerometers: gravity field (i.e. down)
• Magnetometers: Earth’s magnetic north
• Camera: Line-of-sight (LOS) to a known location
• Antenna array: LOS path between UAV and the base station
 Attitude estimated by fusing sensor data, using, e.g.:
• TRIAD and Kalman filter
Antenna array based system:
 No additional hardware is required due to the usage for
communications, e.g., in telemetry, commands and video images.
Antenna array configurations used in previous works:
 Cross-shaped 4-element or 6-element array with ESPRIT
 Hexagon shaped 7-element ESPAR array with ESPRIT
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Attitude Estimation (3)




An UAV, carrying six antennas, communicates with a base
station.
Magnetometer measures the Earth’s magnetic north direction.
Gyroscope measures UAV rotations.
Objective: propose a framework to reduce the attitude estimation
error
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Attitude Estimation (4)
Measurements
𝒛𝑘
Antenna Array
LOS direction
Magnetometer
𝒙𝑘|𝑘
New att. est.
𝑲𝑘
𝒙𝑘−1|𝑘−1
Prev. att. est.
Ang. velocity
UAV rotation
𝒙𝑘|𝑘−1
Predicted att.
𝒛𝑘
Predicted
measurement
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Attitude Estimation (5)

Attitude error in degrees for the SNR = 0 dB
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Attitude Estimation (6)

Attitude error in degrees for the SNR = 0 dB
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Outline




Universidade de Brasília: A Short Overview
Projects
Exchanges and Cooperations
Research areas
 Computer Networks
 Antenna Array
 Power Systems
 Microphone Array
UnB
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
59
Microphone Array (1)

Blind Source Separation (BSS)
Acoustic environment
Separation
system
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Microphone Array (2)
Execute automatic speaker identification
TEST
Speaker 1
Identification
system
Speaker 3
Database
Decision
Speaker 3
Speaker 2
Speaker 3
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Microphone Array (3)
Problem
Identification
Identification
system
system
Speaker 1
Database
Multiple speaker
Speaker 3
Speaker 2
Speaker 3
Speaker 2
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Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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Microphone Array (4)
Problem
Noise
Identification
Identification
system
system
Speaker 1
Database
Multiple speaker
Speaker 3
Speaker 2
Speaker 3
Speaker 2
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Microphone Array (5)
Identification
system
Noise
Speaker 3 + Noise
Convolutive -ICA
Multiple speaker
Identification
system
Speaker 2 + Noise
• SILVEIRA, M. A. et al, Convolutive ICA based forensic speaker identification using Mel frequency
cepstral coefficients and Gaussian mixture models. The International Journal of Forensic Computer Science
(IJoFCS), v. 4, p. 27–34, 2013.
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Microphone Array (6)


Scenario
7 speakers in database
Mixed: only MFCC and
GMM-Based speaker
identification
2 to 3 minutes: training
25 to 40 s: testing
Proposed scheme: degradation
for low SNR regimes
• SILVEIRA, M. A. et al, Convolutive ICA based forensic speaker identification using Mel frequency
cepstral coefficients and Gaussian mixture models. The International Journal of Forensic Computer Science
(IJoFCS), v. 4, p. 27–34, 2013.
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
Microphone Array (7)
Noise
Noise
cancelation
Identification
system
Noise
cancelation
Identification
system
Speaker 3 + Noise
Convolutive -ICA
Multiple speaker
Speaker 2 + Noise
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Microphone Array (8)
2 Speakers, ρ=0.7
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
Microphone Array (9)
Bicudo
Coleirinho
Universidade de Brasília
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
Thank you for your attention!
Prof. Dr.-Ing. João Paulo C. Lustosa da Costa
University of Brasília (UnB)
Department of Electrical Engineering (ENE)
Laboratory of Array Signal Processing
PO Box 4386
Zip Code 70.919-970, Brasília - DF
Universidade de Brasília
Homepage: http://www.redes.unb.br/lasp
Laboratório de Processamento de Sinais em Arranjos
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