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Confira se os dados contidos na parte inferior desta capa estão corretos e, em seguida, assine no
espaço reservado para isso.
Se, em qualquer outro local deste Caderno, você assinar, rubricar, escrever mensagem, etc., será
excluído do Exame.
Este Caderno contém 5 questões discursivas referentes à Prova da Língua Estrangeira escolhida
pelo candidato. Não destaque nenhuma folha.
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Se o Caderno estiver incompleto ou contiver imperfeição gráfica que impeça a leitura, solicite
imediatamente ao Fiscal que o substitua.
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Será avaliado apenas o que estiver escrito no espaço reservado para cada resposta, razão por
que os rascunhos não serão considerados.
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Escreva de modo legível, pois dúvida gerada por grafia, sinal ou rasura implica rá redução de
pontos.
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Não será permitido o uso de dicionário.
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Use exclusivamente caneta esferográfica, confeccionada em material transparente, de tinta
preta ou azul. Em nenhuma hipótese se avaliará resposta escrita com grafite.
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Utilize para rascunhos, o verso de cada página deste Caderno.
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Você dispõe de, no máximo, três horas, para responder as 5 questões que constituem a Prova .
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Antes de retirar-se definitivamente da sala, devolva ao Fiscal este Caderno.
Assinatura do Candidato: ________________________________________________
UFRN – Exame de Proficiência 2014_2 – Inglês
As questões de 01 a 05, cujas respostas deverão ser redigidas EM PORTUGUÊS, referem -se
ao texto abaixo.
BACK PAIN
John Edward Swartzberg
Sheldon Margen
Introduction
Sitting and standing put consider able pressure on the lower back; standing exerts five times more
pressure than lying down, and sitting, surprisingly, is even more strenuous. In fact, researchers
believe that poor sitting posture is a major contributor to low -back pain. Poor standing and lying
posture aren't good for your back either. In addition to helping prevent back and neck problems,
good posture is important in positive ways. It improves your appearance and helps you project
self-confidence and self-assurance. It can help you mentall y and emotionally. And certainly it is
worth achieving just for the aches and pains it may prevent.
As long as people aren't actually in pain, they tend to forget how delicately their backs are
engineered. The three spinal curves (neck, upper, lower) need to be kept in balanced alignment,
and to do this, strong, flexible muscles are important. Poor posture can strain both muscles and
ligaments, making you more vulnerable to injury—as well as complicating such everyday tasks as
carrying groceries or even sitting at a desk. An improperly aligned spine may narrow the space
between vertebrae, thereby increasing the risk of compressed nerves.
Posture is not simply what happens when you are sitting or standing still —it's also dynamic, and
includes your posture when you move. Poor posture may include many elements —rounded
shoulders, protruding buttocks and abdomen, overly arched lower back, and the head pushed
forward into an exaggerated position.
Poor posture may be caused by many factors, including previous injuri es, disease, poor muscle
tone, and emotional stress. A sedentary lifestyle can reduce muscle tone and strength and lead to
bad posture. Sore, aching feet have a negative effect on posture, too. Foot pain may mean simply
that you’re choosing the wrong shoes . Or you may need special supports—orthotic devices—in
your shoes and an evaluation by a podiatrist. One very important factor is habit. Contrary to what
some people believe, straightening up now and then isn't enough: you need to be aware of —and
to practice—other strategies to improve standing and sitting. In addition, fatigue can result in bad
posture.
In itself, poor posture isn’t a health problem. But it won’t improve witho ut some effort on your part,
and in the meantime it can have an adverse impact on your musculoskeletal system. If you don’t
take steps to improve your posture, you may eventually limit your lung expansion —which means
less energy available to your body and brain—and develop chronic muscle aches, including
headaches and back pains.
Standing Tall
A simple test can make you more aware of what constitutes good posture and can help improve
your spinal flexibility. Stand in a normal, relaxed posture with your back against a wall—upper
back and buttocks touching it. Slip your hand into the space between your lower back and the
wall; it should slide in easily and almost touch both your back and the wall. If there’s extra space,
you may have a swayback. To correct it, imagine that a string is tied to the top of your head and
is pulling you straight up; then tuck in your abdomen and tilt your hips so that the space between
your lower back and the wall is lessened. W hen you walk away from the wall, try to maintain the
stance and the mental image of the string.
Contact your physician or an orthopedist if you have chronic neck or back pain caused by poor
posture, or when your own efforts to correct bad posture don’t succeed. After taking a careful
history, your doctor may prescribe a course of physical therapy or recommend an exercise
program. Many kinds of sports, exercise, and movement therapies can help improve posture.
Disponível em: < http://www.healthcommunities.com/back -pain/posture-problems.shtml>. Acesso em: 7 jul. 2014.
[Adaptado]
UFRN – Exame de Proficiência 2014_2 – Inglês – Ciências da Saúde
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Questão 1
Discorra sobre a opinião dos pesquisadores a respeito das dores lombares e enumere as
vantagens de se ter uma boa postura.
Espaço para Resposta
Questão 2
Quais os fatores responsáveis pela má postura?
Espaço para Resposta
UFRN – Exame de Proficiência 2014_2 – Inglês – Ciências da Saúde
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Questão 3
Explique como a cabeça e o pescoço promovem o alinhamento correto da coluna.
Espaço para Resposta
Questão 4
Conforme o texto, a má postura é um problema de saúde? Justifique sua resposta, explicando os
impactos causados pela postura inadequada.
Espaço para Resposta
UFRN – Exame de Proficiência 2014_2 – Inglês – Ciências da Saúde
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Questão 5
 Traduza o fragmento textual abaixo no espaço reservado para isso.
 Seu texto deverá apresentar clareza e estar bem articulado tanto em termos estruturais
quanto de sentido.
Contact your physician or an orthopedist if you have chronic neck or back pain caused by
poor posture, or when your own efforts to correct bad posture don’t succeed. After taking a
careful history, your doctor may prescribe a course of physical therapy or recommend an
exercise program. Many kinds of sports, exercise, and movement therapies can help
improve posture.
ESPAÇO DESTINADO AO TEXTO DEFINITIVO
UFRN – Exame de Proficiência 2014_2 – Inglês – Ciências da Saúde
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