Exercício 02
Questão 04
TEXTO I
Braudel suggests that capitalism is:
a) mostly defined by agriculture.
b) moving towards immateriality.
c) oriented towards local finance.
d) related to specialized industry.
After Capitalism
The era of transition that we are entering will be
disruptive – but it may bring a world where markets are
servants, not masters.
1
To understand what capitalism might become, we
first have to understand what it is. This is not so simple.
Capitalism includes a market economy, but many
traditional market economies are not capitalistic. It
includes trade, but trade, too, long precedes capitalism.
It includes capital – but Egyptian pharaohs and fascist
dictators commanded surpluses too.
The French historian Fernand Braudel offered perhaps
the best description of capitalism when he wrote of it as
a series of layers built on top of the everyday market
economy of onions and wood, plumbing and cooking.
These layers, local, regional, national and global, are
characterised by ever greater abstraction, until at the
2
top sits
disembodied finance, seeking returns
anywhere, uncommitted to any particular place or
industry, and commodifying anything and everything.
Only a few decades ago there was great interest in
what would supersede capitalism. The answers ranged
3
from communism to managerialism, and from hopes of
a golden age of leisure to dreams of a return to
community and ecological harmony. Today these utopias
can be found in the movements around the World Social
Forum, on the edges of all of the major religions, in the
radical sub-cultures that surround the net, and in
moderated form in thousands of civic ventures across
the world.
Questão 05
The word disembodied
understood as:
a) foreign.
b) marketed.
c) nearby.
d) vague.
(ref.
2)
can
be
best
Questão 06
Communism and managerialism (ref. 3)
mentioned in the text as systems that:
a) are considered unwanted utopias nowadays.
b) could have been alternatives to capitalism.
c) managed to supersede globalized capitalism.
d) were commonly considered the golden ages.
are
Questão 07
We can say that the author of the text thinks that
religion:
a) can be seen as sub-culture.
b) is a radical way of living.
c) allows for utopian ideals.
d) induces civic engagement
MULGAN, Geoff. Available at:
http://www.prospect magazine.co.uk/article_details.php?id=10680.
Access on June 17th, 2009
COM BASE NO TEXTO I, RESPONDA ÀS QUESTÕES DE
01 A 08.
Questão 08
Questão 01
Study this cartoon:
The introduction to the text (ref. 1) implies that, at
present, the capitalist system:
a) guides transitions.
b) rules the world.
c) serves the market.
d) teaches governors.
Questão 02
The best topic for the first paragraph is that:
a) capitalism includes market economy.
b) it is not very easy to define capitalism.
c) the elements in capitalism are traditional.
d) we cannot tell the future of capitalism.
Questão 03
According to the text, market economy, trade and
capital (1st paragraph) are:
Aprovação em tudo que você faz.
1
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DOMUS_Apostila 01 - INGLÊS - Módulo 02 (Exercício 02)
a) alternatives to ancient policies.
b) byproducts of new capitalism.
c) insufficient to define capitalism.
d) theories of economic systems.
Despite Hemingway’s assurances, Huck Finn remains
one of the most challenged books in the U.S. In an
attempt to avoid controversy, CBS Television produced a
made-for-TV adaptation of the book in 1955 that lacked
a single mention of slavery, or even any African
American cast members to portray the character of Jim.
In 1998, parents in Tempe, Ariz. sued the local high
school over the book’s inclusion on a required reading
list. The case went as far as a federal appeals court; the
parents lost.
TEXTO II
Censorship in Modern Times
By M.J. Stephey
Brave New World
Since 1982, the American Library Association has
sponsored Banned Books Week to pay tribute to free
speech and open libraries. The tradition began as a nod
to how far society has come since 1557, when Pope Paul
IV first established The Index of Prohibited Books to
protect Catholics from controversial ideas.
Four-hundred and nine years later, Pope Paul VI would
abolish it, although attempts at censorship still remain.
Here, TIME presents some of the most challenged books
of all time.
By Aldous Huxley
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
By Mark Twain
Huxley’s 1932 work — about a drugged, dull and
mass-produced society of the future — has been
challenged for its themes of sexuality, drugs, and
suicide. The book parodies H.G. Wells utopian novel Men
Like Gods, and expresses Huxley’s disdain for the youthand market-driven culture of the United States. Chewing
gum, then as now a symbol of America’s teeny-bopper
shoppers, pops up in the book as a way to deliver sex
hormones and subdue anxious adults; pornographic
films called “feelies” are also popular grown-up pacifiers.
In Huxley’s vision of the 26th century, Henry Ford is the
new God (worshipers say “Our Ford” instead of “Our
Lord,”) and the car maker’s concept of mass production
has been applied to human reproduction. As recently as
1993, a group of parents attempted to ban the book in
Corona-Norco, Calif. because it “centered around
negativity.”
In 1885, the Concord, Mass. Public Library banned the
year-old book for its “coarse language” — critics deemed
Mark Twain’s use of common vernacular (slang) as
demeaning and damaging. One reviewer dubbed it “the
veriest trash ... more suited to the slums than to
intelligent, respectable people.” Little Women author
Louisa May Alcott lashed out publicly at him, saying, “If
Mr. Clemens [Twain’s original name] cannot think of
something better to tell our pure-minded lads and lasses
he had best stop writing for them.” (That the word
“nigger” appears more than 200 times throughout the
book did not initially cause much controversy). In 1905,
the Brooklyn Public Library followed Concord’s lead,
banishing the book from the building’s juvenile section,
explaining: “Huck not only itched but scratched, and that
he said sweat when he should have said perspiration.”
Twain enthusiastically fired back, once saying of his
detractors:
“Censorship is telling a man he can’t have a steak
just because a baby can’t chew it.” Luckily for him, the
book’s fans would eventually outnumber its critics. “It’s
the best book we’ve had,” Ernest Hemingway
proclaimed, “All American writing comes from that.
There was nothing before. There has been nothing as
good since.”
Aprovação em tudo que você faz.
Nineteen Eighty-F
Four
By George Orwell
2
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DOMUS_Apostila 01 - INGLÊS - Módulo 02 (Exercício 02)
We can infer that the cartoon above says that
socialism:
a) interested few workers.
b) found hope in capitalism.
c) scared people in the US.
d) surprised most politicians.
Powell was just 19 when he wrote this 1971 cult
classic. The guerrilla how-to book managed to not only
anger government officials, but anarchist groups as well.
One such organization, CrimethInc., said the book
misrepresents anarchist ideals and later released its own
book of the same name. Other critics attacked the book
for more practical reasons — some of the bomb-making
recipes that Powell included turned out to be
dangerously inaccurate. Ironically, an older and
purportedly wiser Powell later tried to censor his own
book. After converting to Christianity, Powell publicly
denounced his work, writing in 2000 on Amazon.com
that the book is “a misguided product of my adolescent
anger at the prospect of being drafted and sent to
Vietnam to fight in a war that I did not believe in.” But
even Powell couldn’t successfully ban the book from
print; he no longer owns the rights.
Lolita
(www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1842832_18428
38,00.html. Access on Oct. 1, 2009)
By Vladmir Nabokov
COM BASE NO TEXTO II, RESPONDA ÀS QUESTÕES 09
E 10.
Questão 09
Indique o(s) título(s) do(s) livro(s) que gerou/geraram
polêmica e/ou censura:
a) por parte do próprio autor após sua publicação.
b) devido ao uso de um vocabulário pouco refinado.
c) porque retratava de forma crítica e pessimista a
sociedade de consumo.
Questão 10
Grupos diferentes de leitores fizeram interpretações
distintas sobre o romance “1984”. Explicite-as.
First published in France by a pornographic press, this
1955 novel explores the mind of a self-loathing and
highly intelligent pedophile named Humbert Humbert,
who narrates his life and the obsession that consumes it:
his lust for “nymphets” like 12-year-old Dolores Haze.
French officials banned it for being “obscene,” as did
England, Argentina, New Zealand and South Africa.
Today, the term “lolita” has come to imply an oversexed
teenage siren, although Nabokov, for his part, never
intended to create such associations. In fact, he nearly
burned the manuscript in disgust, and fought with his
publishers over whether an image of a girl should be
included on the book’s cover.
GABARITO
Questão 01
Letra C.
Traduzindo o título: "A era de transição na qual
estamos entrando será disruptiva – mas poderá trazer
um mundo onde os mercados sejam os serviçais, e não
os senhores", isto é, na era atual os mercados são os
senhores (e o capitalismo serve ao mercado).
The Anarchist Cookbook
Questão 02
By William Powell
Letra B.
Lê-se na sentence retirada do texto: “To understand
what capitalism might become, we first have to
understand what it is. This is not so simple.”
Questão 03
Letra C.
Podemos entender a resposta nos trechos a seguir:
“...but many traditional market economies are not
capitalistic… but trade, too, long precedes capitalism. It
includes capital – but Egyptian pharaohs and fascist
dictators commanded surpluses too.”
Aprovação em tudo que você faz.
3
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DOMUS_Apostila 01 - INGLÊS - Módulo 02 (Exercício 02)
It’s both ironic and fitting that Nineteen Eighty-Four
would join the American Library Association’s list of
commonly challenged books given its bleak warning of
totalitarian censorship. Written in 1949 by the British
author while he lay dying of tuberculosis, the book
chronicles the grim future of a society robbed of free will,
privacy or truth.
Some reviewers called it a veiled attack against
Joseph Stalin and the Soviet ruler’s infamous “midnight
purges,” though, oddly enough, parents in Jackson
County, Fla. would challenge the book in 1981 for being
“pro-Communist.” The book spawned terms like “Big
Brother” and “Orwellian” and continues to appear in pop
culture — most recently as the inspiration for a political
YouTube hit. The year 1984 may have passed, but the
book’s message remains as relevant as ever.
Letra B.
Percebemos a resposta no trecho: “…he wrote of it as
a series of layers built on top of the everyday market
economy of onions and wood, plumbing and cooking.
These layers, local, regional, national and global, are
characterised by ever greater abstraction…”
Questão 05
Letra D.
Espera-se que o leitor conheça o significado da
palavra: "sem corpo"; "vago".
Questão 06
Letra B.
Lê-se a resposta no trecho: “… there was great
interest in what would supersede capitalism. The
answers ranged from communism to managerialism…”
(… houve grande interesse sobre o que substituiria o
capitalismo…).
Questão 07
Letra C.
Lê-se a resposta no trecho do último parágrafo:
“Today these utopias can be found in the movements
around the World Social Forum, on the edges of all of the
major religions,…”
Questão 08
Letra B.
O candidato deveria interpretar a expressão "see a
light at the end of the tunnel" da mesma maneira como
no português: "ver uma luz no fim do túnel", que
significa "encontrar/haver uma esperança".
Questão 09
a) Lolita and The Anarchist Cookbook.
b) The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
c) Brave New World.
As respostas encontram-se nos trechos:
a) "In fact, he nearly burned the manuscript in disgust…"
(Lolita); "… Powell later tried to censor his own book."
(The Anarchist Cookbook)
b) "…critics deemed Mark Twain’s use of common
vernacular (slang) as demeaning and damaging."
c) Huxley’s 1932 work — about a drugged, dull and
mass-produced society of the future — has been
challenged for its themes of …As recently as 1993, a
group of parents attempted to ban the book in CoronaNorco, Calif. because it “centered around negativity.”
Questão 10
Uns o consideraram uma crítica dissimulada ao
regime soviético de Stalin, e outros o consideraram
como pró-comunista.
Aprovação em tudo que você faz.
4
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DOMUS_Apostila 01 - INGLÊS - Módulo 02 (Exercício 02)
A resposta encontra-se no trecho: Some reviewers
called it a veiled attack against Joseph Stalin and the
Soviet ruler’s infamous “midnight purges,” though,
oddly enough, parents in Jackson County, Fla. would
challenge the book in 1981 for being “pro-Communist.”
A maior dificuldade da resposta está, provavelmente,
no entendimento do adjetivo "veiled" em "a veiled
attack..." (veiled = dissimulado; coberto com um véu).
Questão 04