&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGDVLPDJHQV9HWRULDLVH%LWPDS KWWSSRUWDOGDVDUWHVJUDILFDVFRPLPDJHQVKWP ,PDJHPYHFWRULDO ,PDJHPELWPDS $VLPDJHQVSURFHVVDGDVSRUFRPSXWDGRUGLYLGHPVHHP GXDVFDWHJRULDVGLVWLQWDV$VLPDJHQVSRGHPVHUILFKHLURV $VLPDJHQVELWPDSPDSDGHELWVVmRWDOFRPRRQRPHLQGLFDXPD FROHFomRGHELWVTXHIRUPDPXPDLPDJHP$LPDJHPFRQVLVWHQXPD ELWPDSPDSDGHELWVRXILFKHLURVYHFWRULDLV6HWUDEDOKDQD iUHDGDSUpLPSUHVVmRSUHFLVDGHFRPSUHHQGHUDV PDWUL]GHSRQWRVLQGLYLGXDLVRXSL[HLVHPTXHFDGDXPWHPDVXD SUySULDFRUGHVFULWDXVDQGRELWVDPDLVSHTXHQDXQLGDGHGH YDQWDJHQVHGHVYDQWDJHQVGRVGRLVWLSRVGHGDGRV(VWD SiJLQDSURFXUDH[SOLFDUHVVDVGLIHUHQoDV LQIRUPDomRSDUDXPFRPSXWDGRU 9DPRVYHUXPDWtSLFDLPDJHPELWPDSSDUDGHPRQVWUDURSULQFtSLR (PUHJUDJHUDODVLPDJHQVGLJLWDOL]DGDVVmRELWPDS HQTXDQWRGHVHQKRVIHLWRVHPDSOLFDo}HVFRPRR&RUHO'UDZ RXR,OOXVWUDWRUVmRJUDYDGDVFRPRGHVHQKRVYHFWRULDLV0DV pSRVVtYHOFRQYHUWHULPDJHQVHQWUHRVGRLVWLSRVGHGDGRVH WDPEpPpSRVVtYHOPLVWXUiORVQXP~QLFRILFKHLUR(VWD VLWXDomRSRGHUiFRQIXQGLUDVSHVVRDV $VLPDJHQVYHFWRULDLVVmRWRWDOPHQWHGHVFULWDVSRU GHILQLo}HVPDWHPiWLFDV1DSULPHLUDILJXUDYHPRVDLPDJHP WDOFRPRHODp1DVHJXQGDILJXUDYHPRVDVOLQKDVTXH GHILQHPRGHVHQKR 1DLPDJHPDFLPDSRGHPRVREVHUYDURSRUPHQRUGRWRSRGHXPD PRQWDQKDDPSOLDGRD&RPRSRGHPRVYHUDLPDJHPFRQVLVWH HPFHQWHQDVGHOLQKDVHFROXQDVGHSHTXHQRVHOHPHQWRV&DGD HOHPHQWRFKDPDVHSL[HODEUHYLDWXUDGHSLFWXUHHOHPHQW2ROKR KXPDQRQmRpFDSD]GHYHUFDGDSL[HOLQGLYLGXDOPHQWHILFDQGRHQWmR FRPDSHUFHSomRGHXPDLPDJHPFRPVXDYHVJUDGDo}HV 2Q~PHURGHSL[HLVQHFHVViULRVSDUDREWHUXPDERDLPDJHPGHSHQGH GRXVRGDLPDJHP 7LSRVGHLPDJHQVELWPDS $VLPDJHQVELWPDSSRGHPFRQWHUTXDOTXHUQ~PHURGHFRUHVPDVVmR GLVWLQJXLGDVHPFDWHJRULDV ,PDJHQV/LQHDUW6mRLPDJHQVTXHDSHQDVFRQWrPGXDVFRUHV QRUPDOPHQWHRSUHWRHREUDQFR3RUYH]HVVmRUHIHULGDVFRPR LPDJHQVELWPDSSRUTXHRFRPSXWDGRUWHPGHXVDUDSHQDVELW RQ SUHWRRII EUDQFRSDUDSRGHUGHILQLUFDGDSL[HO &DGDOLQKDLQGLYLGXDOpIHLWDDWUDYpVGHXPYDVWRFRQMXQWRGH SRQWRVXQLGRVSRUOLQKDVRXHQWmRDSDUWLUGHSRQWRVGH FRQWUROROLJDGRVXVDQGRDVFKDPDGDVFXUYDV%H]LHU(VWHpR PpWRGRXVDGRQDPDLRULDGRVSURJUDPDVGHGHVHQKR ,PDJHQV*UD\VFDOH&RQWrPYiULDVJUDGDo}HVGHFLQ]HQWRVWDPEpP FRPSRVWDVSRUSUHWRHEUDQFR ,PDJHQV0XOWLWyQLFDVLPDJHQVTXHFRQWrPJUDGDo}HVGHGXDVRX PDLVFRUHV$VLPDJHQVPXOWLWyQLFDVPDLVFRQKHFLGDVVmRDV GXRWyQLFDVTXHQRUPDOPHQWHVmRFRPSRVWDVSRUSUHWRHSRUXPD VHJXQGDFRUGLUHFWDQRUPDOPHQWHXPDFRU3DQWRQH$LPDJHP DEDL[RpFRQVWLWXtGDSRUSUHWRH3DQWRQH:DUP5HG (VWHVGHVHQKRVGHPRQVWUDPGRLVSULQFtSLRV2SULPHLUR FtUFXORIRLFULDGRSRUXPDXQLmRGHSRQWRVXVDQGRXPDOLQKD ILQD2VHJXQGRFtUFXORIRLGHVHQKDGRXVDQGRDSHQDV SRQWRVQyGXORV &DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGDVLPDJHQVYHFWRULDLV 2VGHVHQKRVYHFWRULDLVVmRILFKHLURVOHYHVSRUTXHDSHQDV FRQWrPLQIRUPDomRGDVFXUYDVEH]LHUTXHIRUPDPR GHVHQKR2ILFKHLUR(36pYXOJDUPHQWHXVDGRSDUDJXDUGDU GHVHQKRVYHFWRULDLVLQFOXLQGRQDLQIRUPDomREH]LHUXPD LPDJHPELWPDSSDUDSUpYLVXDOL]DomRGRGHVHQKR$ ,PDJHQVDFRUHV$LQIRUPDomRGHFRUSRGHVHUGHVFULWDXVDQGR GHWHUPLQDGRVHVSDoRVGHFRU5*%&0<.RX/DESRUH[HPSOR TXDQWLGDGHGHLQIRUPDomRGRILFKHLURTXHJHUDDLPDJHP ELWPDSGHSUpYLVXDOL]DomRpQRUPDOPHQWHPDLRUGRTXHD LQIRUPDomREH]LHUGRGHVHQKR 2VGHVHQKRVYHFWRULDLVSRGHPVHUUHGLPHQVLRQDGRVVHP TXDOTXHUSHUGDGHTXDOLGDGH(VWHILFKHLURWRUQDVHDVVLP LGHDOSDUDDH[HFXomRGHORJyWLSRVPDSDVRXREMHFWRVTXH WrPGHVHUUHGLPHQVLRQDGRVFRPPXLWDIUHTXrQFLD1RWH TXHQHPWRGRVRVGHVHQKRVYHFWRULDLVSRGHPVHU UHGLPHQVLRQDGRVDVYH]HVTXHVHTXHLUD 'HVHQKRVTXHFRQWrPLQIRUPDomRGHWUDSSLQJVySRGHP VHUUHGLPHQVLRQDGRVDWpGHDPSOLDomRRXUHGXomR &DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGRVGDGRVELWPDS /LQKDVGHHVSHVVXUDILQDSRGHUmRGHVDSDUHFHUVHR GHVHQKRYHFWRULDOIRUPXLWRUHGX]LGR 3HTXHQRVHUURVQRGHVHQKRSRGHUmRWRUQDUVHYLVtYHLVVH IRUHPPXLWRDPSOLDGRV eIUHTXHQWHFULDUXPGHVHQKREDVHDGRHPYHFWRUHVTXH GHSRLVQRVGrSUREOHPDVQDVDtGDGRWUDEDOKR2XVRGH ©WLOHVªSHTXHQRVREMHFWRVTXHVHUHSHWHPGH]HQDVRX FHQWHQDVGHYH]HVHHIHLWRVGHOHQWHVGR&RUHO'UDZSRGHP WRUQDURVILFKHLURVPXLWRFRPSOH[RV $SOLFDo}HVGHLPDJHPYHFWRULDO ([LVWHPQRPHUFDGRFHQWHQDVGHDSOLFDo}HVTXHVmRXVDGDV SDUDFULDURXPRGLILFDULQIRUPDomRYHFWRULDO(PSUp LPSUHVVmRR$GREH,OOXVWUDWRUR&RUHO'UDZHR $LQIRUPDomRELWPDSSRGHFRQWHUPXLWDLQIRUPDomR8PDLPDJHP &0<.GHWDPDQKR$TXHIRLRSWLPL]DGDSDUDXPDTXDOLGDGHPpGLD GHLPSUHVVmROSLWHPXPSHVRGH0%$FRPSUHVVmRSRGHUi UHGX]LURWDPDQKRGRILFKHLUR $LPDJHPDPSOLDGDPRVWUDQRVDSULQFLSDOGHVYDQWDJHPGHXPD LPDJHPELWPDSVHIRUPXLWRDPSOLDGDSHUGHDQDWXUDOLGDGHHDVXD GHILQLomR5HGX]LQGRDLPDJHPGHPDLVWDPEpPWHUiPiLQIOXHQFLD SRUTXHSHUGHUiQLWLGH] ,PDJHQV%LWPDSVmRVLPSOHVGHLQWHUSUHWDUVHPSUHTXHR5,3GD LPSUHVVRUDRXILOPDGRUDWHQKDPHPyULDVXILFLHQWH2VYHOKRV HTXLSDPHQWRVGH3RVW6FULSWGHQtYHOSRGHUmRWHUJUDQGHVSUREOHPDV TXDQWRDVLPDJHQVHVSHFLDOPHQWHDVOLQHDUWVRIUHUHPURWDo}HVPDV RVPDLVUHFHQWHVKDUGZDUHVHVRIWZDUHVMiWrPJUDQGHSRGHUGH SURFHVVDPHQWRSDUDOLGDUFRPTXDLVTXHUHIHLWRVVHPSUREOHPDV Aplicações de imagens bitmap 0DFURPHGLD)UHHKDQGVmRRVPDLVSRSXODUHV(PEDL[R HVWmRRVUHVXOWDGRVGHXPDDQiOLVHHVWDWtVWLFDHIHFWXDGDHP 'H]HPEURGH Existem centenas de aplicações no mercado que permitem a criação e a alteração de imagens bitmap. Na pré-impressão, a aplicação Adobe PhotoShop domina completamente o mercado. Isto não implica que programas alternativos mais baratos como o Corel Paint possam desagradar. 4XHVWmR©4XDOpRVHXSURJUDPDGHGHVHQKRIDYRULWR" p 5HVSRVWD $GREH,OOXVWUDWRU &RUHO'UDZ 0DFURPHGLD)UHHKDQG 2XWUR 1 UHVSRVWDV Formatos de ficheiros usados para imagens bitmap Os dados bitmap podem ser salvos numa grande quantidade de formatos de ficheiro. Ficam aqui alguns: BMP: este formato de ficheiro é limitado ao uso em )RUPDWRVGH arquivos XVDGRVHPLPDJHQVYHFWRULDLV (36 RIRUPDWRGHILFKHLURPDLVXVDGRSDUD GHVHQKRYHFWRULDOHPERUDWDPEpPSRVVD FRQWHULQIRUPDomRELWPDS 3')IRUPDWRYHUViWLOTXHSRGHUiFRQWHU TXDOTXHUWLSRGHLPDJHPLQFOXLQGRSiJLQDV FRPSOHWDVQmRVHQGRPXLWRXVDGRSDUD JXDUGDULPDJHQV 3,&7RIRUPDWRGHILFKHLURTXHSRGHUiFRQWHU LQIRUPDomRELWPDSHYHFWRULDOHPERUDVHMD PDLVXVDGRHPFRPSXWDGRUHV0$& pré-impressão. EPS: formato de ficheiro flexível que pode conter informação bitmap e vectorial. GIF: vulgarmente usado para imagens de internet JPEG: vulgarmente usado para imagens de internet PDF: formato versátil que poderá conter qualquer tipo de imagem, incluindo páginas completas, não sendo muito usado para guardar imagens. PICT: o formato de ficheiro que poderá conter informação bitmap e vectorial, embora seja mais usado em computadores MAC. TIFF: o ficheiro bitmap mais usado em préimpressão.