CHUVA
“Cloud processes of tHe main
precipitation systems in Brazil:
A contribUtion to cloud resolVing
modeling and to the GPM (GlobAl
Precipitation Measurement)”
by CHUVA Science Team
Rachel I. Albrecht
[email protected]
4th CHUVA Planning Meeting
13 December 2010 – San Francisco, CA
Objectives
Answer or improve the knowledge about the following basic questions and statement problems
will be the foci of this project:
• How to estimate rainfall from warm clouds?
• What is the contribution of rain from warm clouds to the total precipitation in different regions
of Brazil?
• How to improve both space and time precipitation estimation of rainfall over the continent for
the GPM constellation?
• What are the average characteristics (3D - cloud processes) of the main regimes of
precipitation in Brazil?
• What is the contribution of the aerosol in the process of formation of precipitation?
• What are the main surface and boundary layer processes in the formation and maintenance
of clouds?
• How cloud microphysics and electrification processes evolves during the cloud life cycle?
• How to improve precipitation estimation and cloud microphysics description by using
conventional and polarimetric radar?
CHUVA Working Groups
WORKING GROUP – 1
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRECIPITATING SYSTEMS AS FUNCTION OF THE REGION AND LIFE STAGE
Responsible : Luiz Machado
WORKING GROUP – 2
PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION – DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION ALGORITHM
Responsible : Carlos Angelis
WORKING GROUP – 3
ELETRIFICATION PROCESS: MOVING FROM CLOUDS TO THUNDERSTORMS
Responsible: Carlos Morales
WORKING GROUP – 4
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER FOR DIFFERENT CLOUD PROCESSES AND PRECIPITATION
REGIMES
Responsible: Gilberto Fisch
WORKING GROUP – 5
MODEL IMPROVEMENTS AND VALIDATION, WITH FOCUS IN CLOUD MICROPHYSICS AND AEROSOL
INTERACTIONS, FOR SATELLITE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES IN BRAZIL
Responsible: Maria Assunção Dias
NASA Precipitation Measurement Missions Science Team -26-29 October 2009 - Salt Lake City
Brazilian precipitating systems
and CHUVA IOPs
7 Intensive Operational Periods (IOPs):
1) Alcântara, MA (PRE-CHUVA)
2) Fortaleza, CE
3) Belém, PA
4) São Luiz do Paraitinga, SP
5) Foz do Iguaçu, PR (originally Santa Maria+Londrina)
6) Brasília, DF
7) Manaus, AM
CHUVA Field Campaign Schedule
CHUVA time frame: March 2010 to April 2014
JAN
FEB
2010
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
BELÉM
BELEM
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEZ
ALCANTARA
2011
CHUVA
WORKSHOP#1
FORTALEZA
FORTALEZA
2012
CHUVA WORKSHOP#2
2013
FOZ DO
IGUAÇU
2014
MANAUS
MANAUS
MANAUS
MANAUS
SAO LUIZ
SAO LUIZ
PARAITINGA
PARAITINGA
FOZ DO
IGUAÇU
FOZ DO
IGUAÇU
FOZ DO
IGUAÇU
BRASÍLIA
BRASÍLIA
CHUVA Instrumentation
Doppler X band dual polarization METEOR 50DX - Selex
CS110 - Electric Field Sensor
Measuring the local electric field
Vertical pointing micro Doppler rain radar
Keplel – 24.1 Ghz
Radiometrics MP 3000 – TB from 35
channels (22-30 and 51-59 Ghz)
CHUVA Instrumentation
LIDAR – backscaterring coefficient.
Lidar Raman System 2 channels: 532nm and 607nm
Radiosondes RS92
GPS - A dual-frequency receiver - IWV
CHUVA Instrumentation
3 Ott Inc. PARSIVEL Optical Laser Disdrometer.
1 Joss Waldvogel Acoustic Impact Disdrometer. (NASA)
5 Raingauge (NASA)
CHUVA Instrumentation
HFP01 – soil heat plates (2) for the soil
heat flux measurement
STP01 – soil temperature profile (5
sensors 2,5,10,20,50 cm)
Soil Mositure - EnviroSCAN Probe
Soil moisture profile (up to 0.5 m)
continous measurements
CHUVA Instrumentation
Surface Weather Measurements
Values of air temperature, humidity, atmospheric
pressure, windspeed and direction, radiation
measurements from towers
EC150 open path gas analyser and the sonic
(CSAT3) coupled for the surface momentum,
energy, water vapour and CO2 fluxes
Radiation components: solar (shortwave) and
terrestrial (longwave) radiation upward and downward
fluxes
GPM CHUVA Data Center
Menu “Data” site:
http://gpmchuva.cptec.inpe.br/
User name: chuva
Password: preChUv@01_25
GPM CHUVA Data Center: PRE-CHUVA data base
Data Base
GPM CHUVA Data Center: FUTURE LAYOUT
Experiment ALCÂNTARA
01/03/2010
INITIAL DATE
Equipment
Especification
Site
FINAL DATE
RADIOMETER
ADMIRARI
DELTA VILLAGE
ENVIAR
31/03/2010
CHUVA IOPs with respect to total lightning (LIS)
LIS climatology
Flash rate over 2.25o boxes over CHUVA sites
CHUVA São Luiz do Paraitinga IOP
o Main Target of Study:
o
o
o
o
o
Warm clouds over Serra do Mar
Cold fronts
MCSs
South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ)
Local Convection
o Period:
o From 31 October to 22 December 201
CHUVA São Luiz do Paraitinga IOP
LINET configuration #1
X-POL 40 km
X-POL 50 km
SPLMA 100 km
SPLMA 130 km
SPLMA sensors
SJLMA sensors
LINET sensors
Operational S-band radars
X-Pol Mobile radar
CHUVA São Luiz do Paraitinga IOP
LINET configuration #2
X-POL 40 km
X-POL 50 km
SPLMA 100 km
SPLMA 130 km
SPLMA sensors
SJLMA sensors
LINET sensors
Operational S-band radars
X-Pol Mobile radar
CHUVA São Luiz do Paraitinga IOP
R
P
CHUVA Foz do Iguaçu IOP
Brazil
Paraguay
Foz do Iguaçu
Argentina
o Main Target of Study:
o Cold fronts
o MCSs (world’s largest MCSs and highest flash rates)
o Period:
o From 9 November to 13 January 2012
o Additional Proposed Data:
o La Plata Basin Campaign (by Dan Cecil, Steve Nesbitt, Ed Zipser)
o Goal: Measure MCCs to accomplish the GPM and La Plata Basin Regional
Hydroclimate Project (LPB) goals.
CHUVA Foz do Iguaçu IOP
o Why are La Plata Basin MCSs so important?
Percentage of surface rain from 2A25 explained
by MCSs over La Plata Basin (Cecil et al., 2010)
o ~80% of the surface precipitation of La Plata
Basin originates from MCSs (lightning should
present the same feature – need to be
checked though)
o The precipitation features with highest flash
rates are mostly observed over La Plata Basin
Zipser et al. (2006)
CHUVA Foz do Iguaçu IOP
o Many advantages of deploying the
LMA to Foz do Iguaçu:
o La Plata Basin and Foz do Iguaçu are
covered by MeteoSat SEVERI
(GOES-R ABI proxy).
o IOP starts October-November/2012 –
sensors will already be in Brazil (right
after São Luiz do Paraitinga IOP).
o Minimum cost – INPE and SIMEPAR
will make the survey, deploy and
maintainance of LMA sites.
o SIMEPAR will have an S-band dualpol radar operational by June/2012 at
~120 km from Foz do Iguaçu.
o Useful 3D total lightning for
nowcasting of severe weather under
GOES-R Risk Reduction activities.
CHUVA Foz do Iguaçu IOP
Proposed LMA network configuration at Foz do Iguaçu
SIMEPAR radar 200 km
SIMEPAR radar 200 km
X-POL 40 km
LMA 100 km
LMA 130 km
LMA sensors
LS8000 sensors
LS7001 sensors
IMPACT sensor
Operational S-band radars
X-Pol Mobile radar
Thank You